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Łebek E, Dąbek J, Szynal M, Knapik A. Frequency of back pain occurrence among high school youth including their physical activity. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2024; 76:487-497. [PMID: 34152112 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.21.06186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Back pain diseases are among frequently reported health problems. Unfortunately, more often this problem also affects young people, high school students. Lifestyle that people are representing nowadays has a negative impact on their spine. Development of technology and transportation eliminates daily basic physical activity such as taking a walk to the school. Prolonged and inappropriate sitting posture during classes and using the computer at home are predisposing factors for back pain occurrence. The aim of this paper was to analyze the frequency of back pain occurrence among high school youth and attempt to relate their occurrence frequency with sex, time spent in sitting position, anthropometric parameters and physical activity of examined students. METHODS The examined group initially counted 272 teenagers, but ultimately 218 were taken into account for the analysis and 54 questionnaires were filled in incorrectly and rejected. All of them were high school students. Customized survey consisting of general part and closed questions regarding physical activity (subjective experience of work load) was used as an examination tool. RESULTS Examined youth spent on average 10.04 hours daily in a sitting position. As much as 195 (89.45%) of examined teenagers declared to experience back pain at least once in their lives. The most of teenagers (117; 53.67%) indicated lumbar spine pain. Girls more often felt spine pain issues in comparison to boys. Short stature of teenagers was often related to back pain occurrence. No correlation between time spent in sitting position and frequency of skeleton axis pain occurrence was noted. Among group of boys a relation between more frequent physical activity and less often spine pain occurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS Spine pain is an important health problem of examined youth, occurring more frequent among girls than boys. Body height correlate negatively with frequency of spine pain occurrence among youth. Despite spending more than 10 hours daily in sitting position by examined youth, it did not affect the frequency of back pain issues occurrence. Higher physical activity of examined boys was related to less often back pains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Łebek
- School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Józefa Dąbek
- Department of Cardiology, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland -
| | - Magdalena Szynal
- School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Knapik
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity and Sport, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Wareham DM, Fuller JT, Douglas TJ, Han CS, Hancock MJ. Swimming for low back pain: A scoping review. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2024; 71:102926. [PMID: 38522227 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2024.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend exercise for treatment of chronic low back pain and prevention, but the amount and quality of evidence for different exercise modes is highly variable. Swimming is commonly recommended by health professionals, but the extent and quality of research supporting its relationship with back pain is not clear. OBJECTIVES The aim of this scoping review was to map the extent, characteristics and findings of research investigating the relationship between swimming and low back pain. DESIGN Scoping review. METHOD Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORT Discus) were searched from inception to February 2023. We included primary studies and reviews that reported an association between swimming and low back pain. Hydrotherapy studies were excluded. RESULTS 3093 articles were identified, and 44 studies included. Only one randomised controlled trial and one longitudinal cohort study were included. Most studies were cross-sectional (37/44; 84.1%), included competitive athletes (23/39; 59.0%), and did not primarily focus on the association between swimming and low back pain in the aims (41/44; 93.2%). Instead, most data available were largely incidentally collected or a secondary outcome. The reported associations between swimming and low back pain were highly variable regardless of whether the comparison was to other sports (odds ratio: 0.17 to 17.92) or no sport (odds ratio: 0.54 to 3.01). CONCLUSION Most available literature investigating swimming and low back pain is cross-sectional in design. We did not identify any clear pattern of association between swimming and low back pain, based on the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Wareham
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park 2109, NSW, Australia.
| | - Joel T Fuller
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park 2109, NSW, Australia.
| | - Tayla J Douglas
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park 2109, NSW, Australia.
| | - Christopher S Han
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Mark J Hancock
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park 2109, NSW, Australia.
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Alotaibi MA, Alfaifi RM, Alhowimel AS, Alodaibi FA, Alzahrani H, Alenazi AM, Alqahtani BA, Elnaggar RK. The key determinants of low back pain among lifestyle behaviors in adolescents: A cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37669. [PMID: 38552052 PMCID: PMC10977520 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing preventive measures and treatment strategies for adolescents with low back pain (LBP) may be greatly enhanced by fully grasping the complex interaction between LBP and lifestyle behaviors. The key objective of this study was to explore the possible associations between lifestyle behaviors and LBP among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among high school students from 5 major regions in Saudi Arabia. Participants were enlisted for the research project between May and November 2021. To evaluate the presence/severity of LBP, physical activity, sedentary duration, sleep quality, nutrition, health responsibility, interpersonal relationships, spiritual growth, and stress management, a well-established web-based survey was employed. A total of 2000 students participated, with 57.9% reporting LBP. Students with LBP had lower scores on overall health-promoting lifestyle behaviors and all subscales, including physical activity, compared to those without LBP. Linear regression analysis revealed significant associations between sedentary duration and global sleep quality with pain severity among students with LBP. This study highlights the association between lifestyle behaviors and LBP among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Promoting physical activity, reducing sedentary behavior, and improving sleep quality may be crucial in preventing and managing LBP in this population. Comprehensive strategies targeting lifestyle behaviors should be implemented to improve the well-being of adolescents and reduce the burden of LBP. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop effective preventive and treatment strategies for LBP among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyad A. Alotaibi
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed S. Alhowimel
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris A. Alodaibi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Alzahrani
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel M. Alenazi
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader A. Alqahtani
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ragab K. Elnaggar
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Ajith SJ, Narayanan G, Sharma MK, Anand N, Vishwakarma A. Online gaming motives, family relationships, and personality among Indian youth. Ind Psychiatry J 2024; 33:81-87. [PMID: 38853819 PMCID: PMC11155648 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_123_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Youth involvement in gaming has become an important concern for mental health professionals due to its significant impact on functionality and relationships. However, the gaming motives and associated family relationships and personality traits in the Indian context are poorly understood. Aim The study examined problematic online gaming, including Internet gaming disorder in connection to gaming motives and personality, especially as they impact family relationships among Indian youth. Materials and Methods The study consisted of 179 participants (86 males; 93 females) with the age range of 18-25 years who were involved in Internet gaming in the last 1 year. The subjects were recruited using an online survey. Tools used were brief and included the Gaming Usage Questionnaire, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form, Motivation for Online Gaming Questionnaire UCLA Loneliness Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, Brief Family Relationships Questionnaire, and MINI International Personality Item Pool. Results The mean age of the participants was 21.99 ± 2.202 years. A stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that escape and competition motives, low cohesion in family relationships, low level of conscientiousness, and low level of intellect/imagination contributed to problematic gaming behaviors. Conclusions The study established a relationship between gaming motives and both internal and external factors associated with problematic online gaming. Generalizing the findings across a larger youth population would help in developing informed preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing a gaming disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- SJ Ajith
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gitanjali Narayanan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitin Anand
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Lemos VC, Barros MBDA, Lima MG. Chronic diseases and health conditions in adolescents: Sex inequalities. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 26:e230009. [PMID: 36629621 PMCID: PMC9838238 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720230009.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of chronic diseases and health conditions in adolescents from Campinas (São Paulo), investigating sex differences according to age group. METHODS This population-based study analyzed data from the ISACamp 2014/15 health survey, with a total of 1,022 adolescents interviewed. The interviewees consisted of 517 boys and 505 girls; 492 of them in the ten to 14 age group and 530 in the 15 to 19 age group. We verified the associations using the χ2 test with Rao Scott adjustment and estimated prevalence ratios (PR) with multiple Poisson regression adjusted for age. Analyses were also stratified by age group. RESULTS Respiratory diseases, such as rhinitis (25.3%), sinusitis (15.7%), and asthma (10.9%), were the most prevalent among adolescents. Health complaints were high, especially headaches (39.5%), emotional conditions (34.5%), allergies (27.5%), and back pain (21.3%). More than 22.0% of adolescents reported having three or more health conditions. Girls declared a higher number of health conditions (three or more) than boys (PR=2.27). CONCLUSION The study showed that adolescents presented a significant number of health conditions, particularly regarding complaints, indicating the need for clinical care and public policies aimed at controlling and preventing these diseases in this age group.
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Lemos VC, Barros MBDA, Lima MG. Chronic diseases and health conditions in adolescents: Sex inequalities. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720230009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic diseases and health conditions in adolescents from Campinas (São Paulo), investigating sex differences according to age group. Methods: This population-based study analyzed data from the ISACamp 2014/15 health survey, with a total of 1,022 adolescents interviewed. The interviewees consisted of 517 boys and 505 girls; 492 of them in the ten to 14 age group and 530 in the 15 to 19 age group. We verified the associations using the χ2 test with Rao Scott adjustment and estimated prevalence ratios (PR) with multiple Poisson regression adjusted for age. Analyses were also stratified by age group. Results: Respiratory diseases, such as rhinitis (25.3%), sinusitis (15.7%), and asthma (10.9%), were the most prevalent among adolescents. Health complaints were high, especially headaches (39.5%), emotional conditions (34.5%), allergies (27.5%), and back pain (21.3%). More than 22.0% of adolescents reported having three or more health conditions. Girls declared a higher number of health conditions (three or more) than boys (PR=2.27). Conclusion: The study showed that adolescents presented a significant number of health conditions, particularly regarding complaints, indicating the need for clinical care and public policies aimed at controlling and preventing these diseases in this age group.
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Baradaran Mahdavi S, Riahi R, Vahdatpour B, Kelishadi R. Association between sedentary behavior and low back pain; A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Perspect 2022; 11:393-410. [PMID: 35079583 PMCID: PMC8767074 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2021.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sedentariness is a substantial risk for many chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the correlation of sedentary behavior and its indicators with low back pain (LBP) among adults and children. Methods: Original articles published up to April 28, 2020, using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were evaluated. Odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) was considered the overall effect size for desired associations. Results: We reviewed 49 English articles with analytical observational study design, of which, 27 studies with cross sectional/survey design were retained in the meta-analysis. Among adults, sedentary lifestyle was a considerable risk factor for LBP (OR=1.24, 1.02-1.5); prolonged sitting time (OR=1.42, 1.09-1.85) and driving time (OR=2.03, 1.22-3.36) were the significant risk factors. Sedentary behavior was associated with LBP in office workers (OR=1.23). Moreover, excess weight (OR=1.35, 1.14-1.59) and smoking (OR=1.28, 1.03-1.60) were associated with LBP. Among children, sedentary lifestyle was a remarkable risk factor for LBP (OR=1.41, 1.24- 1.60); prolonged TV watching (OR=1.23, 1.08-1.41) and computer/mobile using and console playing time (OR=1.63, 1.36-1.95) were significant risk factors for LBP. Consumption of coffee, however, has yield conflicting results to be considered as a risk factor. Moreover, the researches on the correlation between sedentariness and high-intensity LBP are scarce and inconclusive. Conclusion: Sedentary behavior, whether in work or leisure time, associates with a moderate increase in the risk of LBP in adults, children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Baradaran Mahdavi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Riahi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Vahdatpour
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Masiero S, Sarto F, Cattelan M, Sarto D, Del Felice A, Agostini F, Scanu A. Lifetime Prevalence of Nonspecific Low Back Pain in Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Epidemiologic Survey. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 100:1170-1175. [PMID: 33605577 PMCID: PMC9988216 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many nonconclusive studies have been conducted on low back pain (LBP) in adolescents and associated factors. OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the lifetime prevalence and associated factors of LBP in adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire was administered in high school students (14-19-yr-old participants) in Veneto region (Italy). The self-administered, structured questionnaire included anthropometric data; psychologic factors and lifestyle; presence, intensity, and family history of LBP; referral to professional health care for LBP; and a short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 6281 adolescents were recruited; 5204 questionnaires were included in the final analysis. A total of 2549 (48.98%) students reported one or more LBP episodes and 723 (13.89%) reported nonspecific disabling lumbar pain (i.e., no underlying pathology); 1040 (41.11%) subjects with LBP consulted a healthcare professional. A significant association emerged for LBP with sex (female), positive family history, time spent sitting or using electronic devices, sleep deprivation (<5 hrs/night), and low level of physical activity. CONCLUSION In a large sample of adolescents, LBP lifetime prevalence is high and often associated with disabling pain and sedentary lifestyle, requiring professional care. These findings may support the development of prevention and treatment strategies of LBP in adolescents, reducing the risk of developing chronic pain.
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Effectiveness of a Back School and Postural Education Program on the improvement of literacy about postures and low back pain in adolescents: A 1-year follow-up study. J Orthop Sci 2021; 26:543-547. [PMID: 32703627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some health problems can be associated with the school environment and lifestyles, so it is necessary to carry out intervention actions that promote health and problem prevention. This study evaluates the effects of a Back School and Postural Education on improving short-term and long-term ergonomic knowledge of postures adopted at school and home, as well as reducing low back pain (LBP) in adolescents. METHODS The sample comprises 98 students, aged 10-16 years (11.61 ± 1.28 years), with 63 (64.3%) girls. The measuring instruments included a theoretical and a practical test, a low back pain (LBP) questionnaire and a scale. The tests and the scale have been applied 1 week before the intervention, 1 week following the Back School and Postural Education Program, and a 1 year later. The questionnaire was applied 1 week before of intervention and after 1 year. The intervention included three sessions of a theoretical and practical nature, each lasting 45 min, with intervals of 1 week. RESULTS The values of the theoretical test before the intervention, 1 week, and 1 year after the intervention were, respectively, 8.67 ± 2.64, 11.37 ± 1.93, and 11.11 ± 1.92 (p ≤ 0.001), and the practical test were 6.42 ± 2.47, 12.48 ± 2.25, and 12.83 ± 1.78 (p ≤ 0.001). The presence of LBP fell by 42.9%-25.5% after the 1-year period. CONCLUSIONS Our data show an improvement of ergonomic knowledge of postures adopted at school and home as a result of the education program and a decrease of self-reported LBP.
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Back School Postural Education Program: Comparison of Two Types of Interventions in Improving Ergonomic Knowledge about Postures and Reducing Low Back Pain in Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094434. [PMID: 33921952 PMCID: PMC8122336 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the impact of two Back School Postural Education Programs on improving ergonomic knowledge of postures adopted at school and home, as well as on reducing low back pain (LPB) in adolescents. The sample was constituted by 153 students, aged 10–16 years, with 96 (62.7%) girls, divided into 2 intervention groups (GA, GB). Two tests (theoretical and practical) and LBP questionnaire were applied 1 week before and 1 year after the end of the program. In GA, three sessions were performed for each class separately, on theoretical and practical issues, lasting 45 min and at intervals of 1 week, and in GB, only one theoretical session (90 min) was given to all students. Statistically differences on GA were obtained between the values 1 week before and after 1 year of evaluation in both theoretical and practical tests (p ≤ 0.001). In GB, only the values of the practical test present a statistical difference (p ≤ 0.001). GA obtained higher values on both tests after 1 year of follow-up compared with GB (p ≤ 0.001). The number of students with LBP decreased on GA (p ≤ 0.001). The program with longer duration, higher weekly frequency, and more practical and individualized character promotes better effects.
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Low back pain in children and adolescents: Real life experience of 106 patients. North Clin Istanb 2021; 7:603-608. [PMID: 33381701 PMCID: PMC7754872 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2020.93824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the demographic data, etiologies and risk factors of 106 children and adolescents with low back pain (LBP) who applied to our clinic. METHODS: The medical records of patients with low back pain under 18 presenting to our clinic in 2014–2018 were examined retrospectively. Patients’ demographic data, physical examination findings, laboratory and imaging results, and risk factors for low back pain were evaluated; diagnosis and treatment modalities were recorded. RESULTS: In this study, 106 children and adolescents 8–17 (mean 14.24±2.33) years, 55 girls (51.8%) and 51 boys (48.1%) were included. Sixty-two patients (58.4%) were diagnosed with non-specific low back pain, 24 (22.6%) with lumbar disc herniation, six (5.6%) with inflammatory low back pain, five (4.7%) with spondylolysis (with accompanying listhesis in two), five (4.7%) with scoliosis, and four (3.7%) with Scheuermann Disease. Three patients were operated and another patient underwent an algological intervention for persistent pain. Six patients diagnosed as spondyloarthropathy were referred to the pediatric rheumatology department. Pain in the remaining cases was brought under control using conservative methods in a combination of medical treatment, rest and physiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Low back pain is a frequent complaint in the child-adolescent age group. The causes of low back pain are as diverse as adults in this age group. The contrary common belief that severe problems, such as malignancy are common, mechanical reasons as the most common cause of low back pain.
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Markopoulos P, Shen X, Wang Q, Timmermans A. Neckio: Motivating Neck Exercises in Computer Workers. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20174928. [PMID: 32878179 PMCID: PMC7506721 DOI: 10.3390/s20174928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neck pain is common among computer workers who may spend too much time in a static posture facing their display. Regular breaks and variety in one’s posture can help to prevent discomfort and pain. In order to understand how to support computer workers to do so regularly, we surveyed a convenience sample of computer workers (N = 130) regarding their work habits and their attitudes towards neck exercises at the workplace. The survey showed that they are highly motivated, but not able to comply with a neck exercise program. To address this challenge, we designed Neckio, a system that is aimed at encouraging posture variation and facilitating neck exercises at work. Neckio consists in an interactive application and a wireless angulation sensing appliance that can be mounted on the headset that office workers often use for reasons of privacy. Next to providing an interactive exercise program suitable for the workplace, its design places emphasis on an engaging user experience. We report a short-term user experience valuation of Neckio in an actual office environment (N = 10). Participants rated the overall user experience positively and reported to be intrinsically motivated to do the neck exercises. These results indicate the potential of the Neckio as a behavior change support technology to reduce the risk of developing neck pain in computer workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Markopoulos
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Design & Innovation at Tongji University, Shanghai 200093, China;
| | - Annick Timmermans
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL, University of Hasselt, 4000 Limburg, Belgium;
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Ponce-González JG, Gutiérrez-Manzanedo JV, De Castro-Maqueda G, Fernández-Torres VJ, Fernández-Santos JR. The Federated Practice of Soccer Influences Hamstring Flexibility in Healthy Adolescents: Role of Age and Weight Status. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8040049. [PMID: 32295013 PMCID: PMC7240520 DOI: 10.3390/sports8040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the hamstring flexibility between federated soccer and non-federated adolescents, and also to evaluate the effect of age and weight status on hamstring flexibility. The participants were 234 students (11–18 years old) divided into: (i) G1: non-federated (n = 127), and (ii) G2: federated in soccer (n = 107). The deep flexion of the trunk (DF) test and the sit and reach test (SRT) were performed. G2 showed higher values for the DF and SRT compared to G1 (p < 0.05). Both flexibility tests correlated positively (r = 0.4, p < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with the DF test (r = −0.3, p < 0.001), but not with the SRT. Divided by BMI, the underweight and normal weight groups had higher scores in the DF test compared with the overweight and obese groups (p < 0.001). BMI was negatively correlated with hamstring flexibility. Federated soccer students present higher scores of hamstring flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain;
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (G.D.C.-M.); (V.J.F.-T.); (J.R.F.-S.)
| | - José V. Gutiérrez-Manzanedo
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (G.D.C.-M.); (V.J.F.-T.); (J.R.F.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-6277-197-54; Fax: +34-9560-162-53
| | - Guillermo De Castro-Maqueda
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (G.D.C.-M.); (V.J.F.-T.); (J.R.F.-S.)
| | - Victor Jose Fernández-Torres
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (G.D.C.-M.); (V.J.F.-T.); (J.R.F.-S.)
| | - Jorge R. Fernández-Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (G.D.C.-M.); (V.J.F.-T.); (J.R.F.-S.)
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Alsufiany MB, Lohman EB, Daher NS, Gang GR, Shallan AI, Jaber HM. Non-specific chronic low back pain and physical activity: A comparison of postural control and hip muscle isometric strength: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18544. [PMID: 32000363 PMCID: PMC7004720 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research on sedentary lifestyle has focused on pain and disability, while neuromuscular outcomes (postural control and strength) have received less attention. The objective of the study was to determine whether low level of physical activity is negatively associated with measures of lower body muscular strength and postural control in individuals with and without non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP).Twenty-four subjects with NSCLBP (28.8 ± 5.9 years) and 24 age, gender, and body mass index matched healthy controls participated in the study. Subjects were sub-classified into 4 subgroups based on their physical activity level: Non-active NSCLBP; Active NSCLBP; Non-active healthy control; and Active healthy control. Each subgroup consisted of 12 subjects. Peak force of hip muscles strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer. Postural control was assessed using computerized posturography and the Y Balance Test.There was no significant group by physical activity interaction for strength and static and dynamic postural control, except for static control during left single leg stance with eyes closed (P = .029). However, there was a significant difference in strength and postural control by physical activity (P < .05). Postural control and peak force of hip muscles strength were significantly associated with physical activity (r ranged from 0.50 to 0.66, P < .001 and r ranged from 0.40 to 0.59, P < .05, respectively).Postural control and hip strength were independently related to physical activity behavior. A sedentary behavior may be an important risk factor for impaired postural control and hip muscles strength, and that physical fitness is vital to neuromuscular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsen B. Alsufiany
- Department of Physical Therapy
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Noha S. Daher
- Department of Allied Health Studies, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
| | | | | | - Hatem M. Jaber
- Department of Allied Health Studies, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitative Sciences, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, Austin, TX
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with low back pain (LBP) in female adolescents of high school age. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The prevalence of LBP in Tehran is high, and the majority of previous studies on LBP in adolescent and its risk factors have been performed in the developed countries. Therefore, identification of risk factors and planning appropriate protocols for prevention of LBP in adolescents may substantially decrease the prevalence of LBP and its burden in developing countries in future. METHODS In a prospective cross-sectional study, demographic characteristics, including age, body mass index (BMI), weight and mode of using backpack, family history of LBP in first degree relatives, and passive smoking status of the participants along with a history of LBP were recorded. Joint hypermobility was assessed using Beighton scale. Also, anthropometric measurements, spinal flexion, and hip joint range of motion were measured for each participant. RESULTS In total, 372 students participated in the study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 15.8 (0.9) years. The lifetime, more than 3 months, and last month history of LBP was 46.2%, 11.6%, and 31.2%, respectively. Positive history of LBP in the first-degree relatives was significantly associated with LBP in the participants (P < 0.01). The prevalence of passive smoking was significantly higher in the participants with last month history of LBP (P = 0.03). The prevalence of joint hypermobility was 15.9% and was significantly higher in those with the lifetime and last month history of LBP (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION LBP is a common complaint among adolescent and high school girl students. The results of this study identified the prevalence and associated factors with LBP in high school students and will help develop strategies for prevention and treatment of LBP in the adolescent population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Muntaner-Mas A, Palou P, Ortega FB, Vidal-Conti J. Sports participation and low back pain in schoolchildren. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019; 31:811-819. [PMID: 29865031 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-171062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is one of the biggest health problems worldwide. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sports participation (duration and type) and LBP related outcomes in childhood. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 5th and 6th grade primary school students. The final sample included 2,032 children aged 10-12 years old. Children completed a questionnaire about the prevalence of LBP and some LBP-related outcomes. In addition, the participants were surveyed about the type of sport they did and the duration. RESULTS There appears to be no relation between sports participation and severity of LBP-related outcomes studied, independently of their duration. Participating in football ⩾ 4 hours per week was associated with a decrease of six LBP-related outcomes (OR ranging from 0.54 to 0.66). Basketball participation does not seem to affect the development of back problems amongst children. CONCLUSIONS It can be suggested with caution that doing sport is not dangerous for LBP problems in children aged 10-12 years old. Nevertheless, this suggestion should be tested with further longitudinal and intervention studies to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Muntaner-Mas
- Physical Activity and Sports Science Research Group (GICAFE), Faculty of Education, University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Pere Palou
- Physical Activity and Sports Science Research Group (GICAFE), Faculty of Education, University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Conti
- Physical Activity and Sports Science Research Group (GICAFE), Faculty of Education, University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Aktürk S, Büyükavcı R, Aktürk Ü. Relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and physical inactivity in adolescents. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-0923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kędra A, Kolwicz-Gańko A, Kędra P, Bochenek A, Czaprowski D. Back pain in physically inactive students compared to physical education students with a high and average level of physical activity studying in Poland. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:501. [PMID: 29183373 PMCID: PMC5706389 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was (1) to characterise back pain in physically inactive students as well as in trained (with a high level of physical activity) and untrained (with an average level of physical activity) physical education (PE) students and (2) to find out whether there exist differences regarding the declared incidence of back pain (within the last 12 months) between physically inactive students and PE students as well as between trained (with a high level of physical activity) and untrained (with an average level of physical activity) PE students. METHODS The study included 1321 1st-, 2nd- and 3rd-year students (full-time bachelor degree course) of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Pedagogy as well as Tourism and Recreation from 4 universities in Poland. A questionnaire prepared by the authors was applied as a research tool. The 10-point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess pain intensity. Prior to the study, the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by conducting it on the group of 20 participants twice with a shorter interval. No significant differences between the results obtained in the two surveys were revealed (p < 0.05). RESULTS In the group of 1311 study participants, 927 (70.7%) respondents declared having experienced back pain within the last 12 months. Physically inactive students declared back pain frequency similar to the frequency declared by their counterparts studying physical education (p > 0.05). Back pain was more common in the group of trained students than among untrained individuals (p < 0.05). Back pain was mainly located in the lumbar spine. CONCLUSIONS A frequent occurrence of back pain (70.7%) was noted in the examined groups of students. The percentage of students declaring back pain increased in the course of studies (p < 0.05) and, according to the students' declarations, it was located mainly in the lumbar spine. No significant differences regarding the incidence of back pain were found between physically inactive students and physical education students (p > 0.05). The trained students declared back pain more often than their untrained counterparts (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kędra
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, ul. Akademicka 2, 21-500, Biala Podlaska, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kolwicz-Gańko
- Jozef Rusiecki University College in Olsztyn, Faculty of Physiotherapy, ul. Bydgoska 33, 10-243, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kędra
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Tourism and Sport, ul. Akademicka 2, 21-500, Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Anna Bochenek
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, ul. Akademicka 2, 21-500, Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Dariusz Czaprowski
- Jozef Rusiecki University College in Olsztyn, Faculty of Physiotherapy, ul. Bydgoska 33, 10-243, Olsztyn, Poland
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Minghelli B, Oliveira R, Nunes C. Postural habits and weight of backpacks of Portuguese adolescents: Are they associated with scoliosis and low back pain? Work 2017; 54:197-208. [PMID: 27061692 DOI: 10.3233/wor-162284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adoption of incorrect postures or carrying overweight backpacks may contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders in school children. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the weight of backpacks and the postural habits adopted in schools by Portuguese adolescents, and their association with scoliosis and low back pain (LBP). METHOD The sample comprised 966 Portuguese students, aged between 10 and 16 years. The instruments included a questionnaire to characterize the presence of LBP and the postural habits adopted by students, the weighing of backpacks and a scoliometer to evaluate scoliosis. RESULTS No association was observed between assuming incorrect postures and carrying overweight backpacks, in students with scoliosis. Students who adopted incorrect sitting postures had 1.77 times the risk (95% CI: 1.32-2.36; p < 0.001) of developing LBP; those positioned incorrectly whilst watching TV and playing games had 1.44 times the risk (95% CI: 1.08-1.90; p = 0.012) of developing LBP; and those standing incorrectly had 2.39 the risk (95% CI: 1.52-3.78; p < 0.001) of developing LBP. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that students who sat with the spine positioned wrongly, as well as those who were standing incorrectly, were more likely to present with LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Minghelli
- School of Health Jean Piaget-Algarve, Piaget Institute, Silves, Portugal.,National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raul Oliveira
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Nunes
- National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Al-Eisa ES. Mechanical factors and vitamin D deficiency in schoolchildren with low back pain: biochemical and cross-sectional survey analysis. J Pain Res 2017; 10:855-865. [PMID: 28442927 PMCID: PMC5396951 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s124859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the role of vitamin D, muscle fatigue biomarkers, and mechanical factors in the progression of low back pain (LBP) in schoolchildren. BACKGROUND Children and adolescents frequently suffer from LBP with no clear clinical causes, and >71% of schoolchildren aged 12-17 years will show at least one episode of LBP. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 250 schoolchildren aged 12-16 years were randomly enrolled in this study. For all schoolchildren height, weight, percentage of daily sun exposure and and areas of skin exposed to sun, method of carrying the bag, and bag weight and type were recorded over a typical school week. Pain scores, physical activity (PA), LBP, serum vitamin 25(OH)D level, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and calcium (Ca) concentrations were estimated using prevalidated Pain Rating Scale, modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, short-form PA questionnaire, and colorimetric and immunoassay techniques. RESULTS During the period of October 2013-May 2014, LBP was estimated in 52.2% of the schoolchildren. It was classified into moderate (34%) and severe (18%). Girls showed a higher LBP (36%) compared with boys (24%). In schoolchildren with moderate and severe LBP significantly higher (P=0.01) body mass index, waist, hip, and waist-to-hip ratio measurements were observed compared with normal schoolchildren. LBP significantly correlated with less sun exposure, lower PA, sedentary activity (TV/computer use), and overloaded school bags. In addition, schoolchildren with severe LBP showed lower levels of vitamin 25(OH)D and Ca and higher levels of CK, LDH, and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase compared with moderate and healthy schoolchildren. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age, gender, demographic parameters, PA, vitamin D levels, Ca, CK, and LDH associated with ~56.8%-86.7% of the incidence of LBP among schoolchildren. CONCLUSION In children and adolescents, LBP was shown to be linked with limited sun exposure, inadequate vitamin D diets, adiposity, lower PA, sedentary lifestyles, vitamin 25 (OH) D deficiency, and lower levels of Ca, CK, and LDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Einas S Al-Eisa
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. A school-based cohort study showed that time spent in sports activity had a linear association with musculoskeletal pain prevalence and risk among Japanese adolescents. Physical activity has multiple health benefits but may also increase the risk of developing musculoskeletal pain (MSP). However, the relationship between physical activity and MSP has not been well characterized. This study examined the dose–response relationship between sports activity and MSP among adolescents. Two school-based serial surveys were conducted 1 year apart in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in Unnan, Japan. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 2403 students. Associations between time spent in organized sports activity and MSP were analyzed cross-sectionally (n = 2403) and longitudinally (n = 374, students free of pain and in seventh or 10th grade at baseline) with repeated-measures Poisson regression and restricted cubic splines, with adjustment for potential confounders. The prevalence of overall pain, defined as having pain recently at least several times a week in at least one part of the body, was 27.4%. In the cross-sectional analysis, sports activity was significantly associated with pain prevalence. Each additional 1 h/wk of sports activity was associated with a 3% higher probability of having pain (prevalence ratio = 1.03, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.04). Similar trends were found across causes (traumatic and nontraumatic pain) and anatomic locations (upper limbs, lower back, and lower limbs). In longitudinal analysis, the risk ratio for developing pain at 1-year follow-up per 1 h/wk increase in baseline sports activity was 1.03 (95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.05). Spline models indicated a linear association (P < 0.001) but not a nonlinear association (P ≥ 0.45). The more the adolescents played sports, the more likely they were to have and develop pain.
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King S, Boutilier JA, MacLaren Chorney J. Managing Chronic Pain in the Classroom: Development and Usability Testing of an eHealth Educational Intervention for Educators. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0829573516674308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although chronic pain is relatively common in childhood, many teachers feel ill-prepared to work with students with chronic and recurrent pain in the classroom and would like to learn more about supporting these students. A web-based eHealth intervention designed to provide information about pain and pain management in the classroom was developed based on input from clinicians, and usability was tested using three groups of stakeholders (i.e., youth with chronic pain, parents of youth with chronic pain, and teachers). Preliminary testing indicated that the usability goals were met, with the majority of participants in all groups indicating that the website was easy to use and that they would either recommend it to teachers or use it themselves. Minor design and content changes were suggested and made, whereas major changes will be made in the future. Results provide encouraging preliminary support for the utility of eHealth interventions as knowledge translation and dissemination tools for educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara King
- Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Jill MacLaren Chorney
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Does elite swimming accelerate lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and increase low back pain? A cross-sectional comparison. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2016; 25:2849-55. [PMID: 27289544 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-016-4642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to elucidate elite swimming's possible influence on lumbar disc degeneration (DD) and low back pain (LBP). METHODS Lumbar spine MRI was performed on a group of elite swimmers and compared to a matched Finnish population-based no-sport group. RESULTS One hundred elite swimmers and 96 no-sport adults, mean age 18.7/20.8, respectively, participated. Overall, the two groups had similar prevalence of DD. Swimmers had more DD in the upper lumbar spine but tended to have less DD at the lowest level. Prevalence of bulges and disc herniations were similar, but swimmers had significantly more bulges at L4-5. The swimmers reported less LBP, although not significantly (N.S.). If degenerative findings were present, the association between them and LBP was stronger in the no-sport group. CONCLUSION Elite swimmers and controls had similar prevalence of DD and LBP, although the pattern of DD differed between the groups. In case of DD, swimmers reported less LBP, although N.S.
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Hussain SM, Urquhart DM, Wang Y, Dunstan D, Shaw JE, Magliano DJ, Wluka AE, Cicuttini FM. Associations between television viewing and physical activity and low back pain in community-based adults: A cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3963. [PMID: 27336896 PMCID: PMC4998334 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two systematic reviews concluded that there was limited evidence to support an association between physical activity and sedentary behavior and developing low back pain (LBP). The aim of this study was to examine the associations of physical activity and television viewing time with LBP intensity and disability in community-based adults.Five thousand fifty-eight participants (44% men) of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study had physical activity and television viewing time measured in 1999 to 2000, 2004 to 2005, and 2011 to 2012, and LBP intensity and disability assessed in 2013 to 2014 using the Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratio for LBP intensity and disability associated with physical activity and television viewing time. Analyses were adjusted for age, education, smoking, dietary guideline index score, body mass index, and mental component summary score. To test whether associations of physical activity or television viewing time with LBP intensity and disability were modified by sex, obesity, or age, interactions were tested using the likelihood ratio test.As gender modified the associations between physical activity and television viewing time and LBP disability (P = 0.05), men and women were examined separately. A total of 81.7% men and 82.1% women had LBP. Most men (63.6%) and women (60.2%) had low intensity LBP with fewer having high intensity LBP (18.1% men, 21.5% women). Most participants had no LBP disability (74.5% men, 71.8% women) with the remainder reporting low (15.8% men, 15.3% women) or high (9.7% men, 12.9% women) LBP disability. Insufficient physical activity (<2.5 hours/week) was not associated with LBP intensity or disability. High television viewing time (≥2 hours/day) was associated with greater prevalence of LBP disability in women (low disability OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.04-1.73; high disability OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.01-1.72).Although it needs to be confirmed in RCTs our findings suggest that targeting time spent watching television and possibly other prolonged sedentary behaviors may have the potential to reduce LBP disability in community-based adults, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Monira Hussain
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
| | - Donna M. Urquhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
| | - David Dunstan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan E. Shaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute
| | - Dianna J. Magliano
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute
| | - Anita E. Wluka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
| | - Flavia M. Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
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Functional consequences and health-care seeking behaviour for recurrent non-specific low back pain in Zimbabwean adolescents: a cross-sectional study. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2015; 25:643-50. [PMID: 26148568 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-4105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to investigate the consequences of recurrent non-specific low back pain in Zimbabwean adolescents. Recurrent non-specific low back pain is a common cause of adult disability in low-income countries. However, its impact in adolescents has been a matter of debate in the literature. METHODS A survey was conducted using a cluster sample of 544 school children between the ages of 13 and 19 years. The school children were randomly selected from government-administered secondary schools in Harare, Zimbabwe. RESULTS Parental and students' response rate were 90.3 and 97.8 %, respectively. Almost a third (28.8 %) of school children reported recurrent symptoms (CI 27.8-31.6). However, the majority (84 %) of these cases were unknown to parents. Twenty-seven percent reported having sought medical treatment. On the nine-item Hanover Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, 71.2 % of school children had at least one activity of daily living compromised by recurrent NSLBP, especially sports participation. However, severe disability was reported in 28 % of the adolescents. Health-care seeking behaviour was not associated with the level of disability [χ (2)(1) = 0.36, p = 0.55]. CONCLUSION Although most parents are unaware, recurrent NSLBP is common in Zimbabwean school children. However, treatment is rarely sought for the symptoms. A preponderance of adolescents with recurrent NSLBP experiences some degree of functional consequences, although severe disability is rare. There is need to raise awareness of the condition in schools and to parents. Spinal health educational programmes may need to be implemented to avert the functional consequences. Further studies are needed in the future to investigate the coping strategies for pain in adolescents.
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Teichtahl AJ, Urquhart DM, Wang Y, Wluka AE, O'Sullivan R, Jones G, Cicuttini FM. Physical inactivity is associated with narrower lumbar intervertebral discs, high fat content of paraspinal muscles and low back pain and disability. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:114. [PMID: 25947906 PMCID: PMC4422596 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although physical inactivity has been associated with numerous chronic musculoskeletal complaints, few studies have examined its associations with spinal structures. Moreover, previously reported associations between physical activity and low back pain are conflicting. This study examined the associations between physical inactivity and intervertebral disc height, paraspinal fat content and low back pain and disability. Methods Seventy-two community-based volunteers not selected for low back pain underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their lumbosacral spine (L1 to S1) between 2011 and 2012. Physical activity was assessed between 2005 and 2008 by questionnaire, while low back pain and disability were assessed by the Chronic Pain Grade Scale at the time of MRI. Intervertebral disc height and cross-sectional area and fat content of multifidus and erector spinae were assessed from MRI. Results Lower physical activity levels were associated with a more narrow average intervertebral disc height (β −0.63 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.17 mm to −0.08 mm, P = 0.026) after adjusting for age, gender and body mass index (BMI). There were no significant associations between physical activity levels and the cross-sectional area of multifidus or erector spinae. Lower levels of physical activity were associated with an increased risk of high fat content in multifidus (odds ratio (OR) 2.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.7, P = 0.04) and high-intensity pain/disability (OR = 5.0, 95% CI 1.5 to 16.4, P = 0.008) after adjustment for age, gender and BMI. Conclusions Physical inactivity is associated with narrower intervertebral discs, high fat content of the multifidus and high-intensity low back pain and disability in a dose-dependent manner among community-based adults. Longitudinal studies will help to determine the cause and effect nature of these associations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0629-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Teichtahl
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Donna M Urquhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Anita E Wluka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Richard O'Sullivan
- MRI Department, Healthcare Imaging Services, Epworth Hospital, 89 Bridge Road, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia. richard.o'.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. richard.o'
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Research Institute, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
| | - Flavia M Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Chiwaridzo M, Naidoo N. Prevalence and associated characteristics of recurrent non-specific low back pain in Zimbabwean adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:381. [PMID: 25406690 PMCID: PMC4246475 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Until recently, non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) in adolescents was considered a rare phenomenon unlike in adults. The last two decades has shown an increasing amount of research highlighting the prevalence in this age group. Recent studies estimate lifetime prevalence at 7%-80%, point prevalence at 10%-15%, and prevalence of recurrent NSLBP at 13%-36%. In Zimbabwe, there is dearth of literature on the magnitude of the problem in adolescents. Therefore, the aims of the study were to determine the prevalence (lifetime, point, recurrent) and the nature of recurrent NSLBP reported by adolescents in secondary schools. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire. A cluster sample of 544 adolescents (age 13–19 years) randomly derived from government schools participated in the study. Lifetime prevalence, point prevalence and prevalence of recurrent NSLBP were presented as percentages of the total population. Exact 95% confidence intervals were given. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the effect of gender and age on prevalence. Results The students’ response rate was 97.8%. The lifetime prevalence was 42.9% [95% confidence interval = 40.8-44.6] with no significant difference between sexes [χ2 (1) =0.006, p = 0.94]. However, NSLBP peaked earlier in female students (13.9 years) than in male students (15 years) [t (226) = 4.21, p < 0.001]. About 10% of the adolescents reported having an episode of NSLBP on the day of the survey. However, female students (14.2%) were more affected on the day [χ2 (1) = 11.2, p < 0.001]. Twenty-nine percent of the adolescents experienced recurrent NSLBP with 78% experiencing at least three episodes in the last 12 months. On average, recurrent NSLBP reported was mild in intensity (4.8 ± 1.9) on the visual analogue scale (VAS) and short in duration. Recurrent NSLBP was associated with sciatica in 20.9% of adolescents. Conclusions NSLBP is a common occurrence among Zimbabwean adolescents in secondary schools. It increases with chronological age and is recurrent in the minority of adolescents. Although much of the symptomatology may be considered benign, the existence of recurrent NSLBP in adolescents before their work-life begins should be a concern to health professionals, teachers and parents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-381) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chiwaridzo
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Cotter BD, Nairn BC, Drake JDM. Should a standing or seated reference posture be used when normalizing seated spine kinematics? J Biomech 2014; 47:2371-7. [PMID: 24835562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently in the literature there is no consensus on which procedure for normalizing seated spine kinematics is most effective. The objective of this study was to examine the changes in the range of motion (ROM) of seated posture trials when expressed as a percent of maximum standing and seated ROM. A secondary purpose was to determine whether the typical maximum planar calibration movements (flexion, lateral-bend, and axial twist) elicited the respective maximum ROM values for each spine region versus postures with specific movement instruction. Thirteen male participants completed seven different movement trials. These consisted of the maximum planar movement trials, with the remaining four postures being combinations of specific lumbar and thoracic movements. Global and relative angles for the upper-thoracic, mid-thoracic, lower-thoracic, and lumbar regions were calculated and normalized to both a seated and standing reference posture. When normalizing both global and relative angles the standing reference appears optimal for flexion, twisting and lateral bend angles in all spine regions, with the exception of relative flexion angle in the mid-thoracic region. The maximum planar movement trials captured the greatest ROM for each global angle, relative lower-thoracic angle and relative lumbar flexion angle, but did not for all other relative angles in the upper-thoracic, mid-thoracic, and lumbar regions. If future researchers can only collect one reference posture these results recommend that a standing reference posture be collected for normalizing seated spine kinematics, although a seated reference posture should be collected if examining relative flexion angles at the mid-thoracic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D Cotter
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Brian C Nairn
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Janessa D M Drake
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.
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Baharampour S, Nazari J, Dianat I, Asgharijafarabadi M. Student's Body Dimensions in Relation to Classroom Furniture. Health Promot Perspect 2013; 3:165-74. [PMID: 24688966 DOI: 10.5681/hpp.2013.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was carried out to investigate the fit between university student's anthropometry and classroom furniture dimensions. METHOD In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analyzing study conducted in 2012, a total of 194 students (aged 18 through 30 years), were recruited randomly from Tabriz University of Medical Science community. The body size of each student was assessed using anthropometric measurements including shoulder height, elbow height, popliteal height, buttock-popliteal length, hip breadth and distance between elbows. Combinational equations defined the acceptable furni-ture dimensions according to anthropometry and match percentages were computed, according to either the existing situations assuming that they could use the most appropriate of the sizes available. RESULTS Desk and seat height were higher than the accepted limits for most students (92.5% and 98.4%, respectively), while seat depth was appropriate for only 84.6% of students. The data indicate a mismatch between the students' bodily dimensions and the classroom furniture available to them. The chairs are too high and too deep and desks are also too high for the pupils. This situation may have negative effects on the sitting posture of the students especially when reading and writing. CONCLUSION High mismatch percentages were found between furniture and stu-dents' anthropometry. The results confirm that furniture for university students should be selected and designed busied on their anthropometric dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Baharampour
- Department of Occupational Health, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalil Nazari
- Department of Occupational Health, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Iman Dianat
- Department of Occupational Health, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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López-Miñarro PA, Muyor JM, Alacid F. Influence of hamstring extensibility on sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt in highly trained young kayakers. Eur J Sport Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2011.575476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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The association between physical activity and neck and low back pain: a systematic review. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2010; 20:677-89. [PMID: 21113635 PMCID: PMC3082686 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of physical activity on neck and low back pain is still controversial. No systematic review has been conducted on the association between daily physical activity and neck and low back pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between physical activity and the incidence/prevalence of neck and low back pain. Publications were systematically searched from 1980 to June 2009 in several databases. The following key words were used: neck pain, back pain, physical activity, leisure time activity, daily activity, everyday activity, lifestyle activity, sedentary, and physical inactivity. A hand search of relevant journals was also carried out. Relevant studies were retrieved and assessed for methodological quality by two independent reviewers. The strength of the evidence was based on methodological quality and consistency of the results. Seventeen studies were included in this review, of which 13 were rated as high-quality studies. Of high-quality studies, there was limited evidence for no association between physical activity and neck pain in workers and strong evidence for no association in school children. Conflicting evidence was found for the association between physical activity and low back pain in both general population and school children. Literature with respect to the effect of physical activity on neck and low back pain was too heterogeneous and more research is needed before any final conclusion can be reached.
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Sitting postures and trunk muscle activity in adolescents with and without nonspecific chronic low back pain: an analysis based on subclassification. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2010; 35:1387-95. [PMID: 20195206 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181bd3ea6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A preliminary cross-sectional comparative study of adolescents with nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) and healthy controls. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether differences in spinal kinematic and trunk muscle activity exist in both usual and slump sitting in adolescents with NSCLBP. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that low back pain commonly develops in adolescence and increases the risk for low back pain in adulthood. Sitting is an important consideration in adolescents with NSCLBP: currently there are no reports investigating their motor control strategies in sitting. METHODS Twenty-eight adolescents (14 female) with NSCLBP and 28 matched pain-free controls were recruited from a large cohort study. Pain subjects were subclassified based on O'Sullivan's classification system. Three-dimensional lumbo-pelvic kinematic data and the activation of 3 back and 2 abdominal muscles were recorded during usual and slump sitting. The flexion-relaxation phenomenon in sitting was also investigated. RESULTS Spinal posture in usual and slump sitting were similar for adolescents with and without NSCLBP. However, differences were identified in both sitting conditions when those with NSCLPB were subclassified and compared with controls. Muscle activation differences were not consistently identified, with only lower levels of internal oblique activation in usual sitting in NSCLBP compared with pain-free controls showing significance. Flexion relaxation was observed in both iliocostalis and thoracic erector spinae in the NSCLBP group but not controls. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary results. Differences with sitting posture are only seen when adolescents with NSCLBP are classified. Trunk muscle activation is not a sensitive marker for discriminating subgroups of NSCLBP during adolescence.
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Torsheim T, Eriksson L, Schnohr CW, Hansen F, Bjarnason T, Välimaa R. Screen-based activities and physical complaints among adolescents from the Nordic countries. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:324. [PMID: 20534116 PMCID: PMC2904715 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A positive association between time spent on sedentary screen-based activities and physical complaints has been reported, but the cumulative association between different types of screen-based activities and physical complaints has not been examined thoroughly. Methods The cross-sectional association between screen-based activity and physical complaints (backache and headache) among students was examined in a sample of 31022 adolescents from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland and Greenland, as part of the Health behaviour in school-aged children 2005/06 (HBSC) study. Daily hours spent on screen-based activities and levels of physical complaints were assessed using self-reports. Results Logistic regression analysis indicated that computer use, computer gaming and TV viewing contributed uniquely to prediction of weekly backache and headache. The magnitude of associations was consistent across types of screen based activities, and across gender. Conclusion The observed associations indicate that time spent on screen-based activity is a contributing factor to physical complaints among young people, and that effects accumulate across different types of screen-based activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjørn Torsheim
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Hakala PT, Saarni LA, Ketola RL, Rahkola ET, Salminen JJ, Rimpelä AH. Computer-associated health complaints and sources of ergonomic instructions in computer-related issues among Finnish adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:11. [PMID: 20064250 PMCID: PMC2836294 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of computers has increased among adolescents, as have musculoskeletal symptoms. There is evidence that these symptoms can be reduced through an ergonomics approach and through education. The purpose of this study was to examine where adolescents had received ergonomic instructions related to computer use, and whether receiving these instructions was associated with a reduced prevalence of computer-associated health complaints. METHODS Mailed survey with nationally representative sample of 12 to 18-year-old Finns in 2001 (n = 7292, response rate 70%). In total, 6961 youths reported using a computer. We tested the associations of computer use time and received ergonomic instructions (predictor variables) with computer-associated health complaints (outcome variables) using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS To prevent computer-associated complaints, 61.2% reported having been instructed to arrange their desk/chair/screen in the right position, 71.5% to take rest breaks. The older age group (16-18 years) reported receiving instructions or being self-instructed more often than the 12- to 14-year-olds (p < 0.001). Among both age groups the sources of instructions included school (33.1%), family (28.6%), self (self-instructed) (12.5%), ICT-related (8.6%), friends (1.5%) and health professionals (0.8%). Receiving instructions was not related to lower prevalence of computer-associated health complaints. CONCLUSIONS This report shows that ergonomic instructions on how to prevent computer-related musculoskeletal problems fail to reach a substantial number of children. Furthermore, the reported sources of instructions vary greatly in terms of reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula T Hakala
- Tampere School of Public Health, FIN-33014 University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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Ippolito E, Versari P, Lezzerini S. The role of rehabilitation in juvenile low back disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 9:174-84. [PMID: 17050395 DOI: 10.1080/13638490500158031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Both children and adolescents are frequently affected by low back pain--mainly when they are involved in sporting activities--but they rarely ask for medical help, because their symptoms are often mild and self-resolving. However, in the young patients who seek orthopaedic evaluation, especially in referral centres, there is a high incidence of organic causes of their back pain. Mechanical, developmental, inflammatory and tumoural or tumour-like disorders are the most frequent aetiologic factors. A diagnosis of psychosomatic back pain should be made only when all the other possible organic causes have been excluded. Rehabilitation is part of the treatment of low back disorders in children and adolescents. Postural low back pain is likely to be resolved by physical therapy alone. In other disorders that initially require medical, orthotic or surgical treatment, rehabilitation plays an important role either in combination with them or as a subsequent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ippolito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
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Heneweer H, Vanhees L, Picavet SJ. Physical activity and low back pain: A U-shaped relation? Pain 2009; 143:21-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sedentary lifestyle as a risk factor for low back pain: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2009; 82:797-806. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-009-0410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if country (Australia, Taiwan, Singapore), undergraduate healthcare course (physiotherapy, nursing), low back pain (LBP) history, and year of course influenced various back pain beliefs in undergraduate female healthcare students. METHODS Three hundred and 82 female undergraduate nursing and physiotherapy students completed questionnaires examining; the inevitability of future life with low back trouble, the LBP beliefs held by healthcare providers and fear avoidance beliefs related to physical activity. Also participants completed questionnaires to determine their LBP status. General linear models were used to determine whether differences existed for back beliefs scores. RESULTS Differences were evident in the future consequence of LBP between countries (P<0.001), undergraduate course (P<0.001), and LBP status (P=0.021). Healthcare provider beliefs were found to be significantly influenced by course only (P<0.001). Fear avoidance beliefs related to physical activity were influenced by country (P=0.002) and undergraduate course (P<0.001). When compared with white Australians, Taiwanese and Singaporean Chinese displayed more negative back beliefs regarding the future consequence of LBP (P<0.001) and more fear avoidant beliefs toward physical activity (P=0.021 and P<0.001, respectively). Further, nursing students had more negative back pain beliefs than physiotherapy students (P<0.001) and, the experience of LBP was associated with more positive beliefs on the future consequence of back trouble (P=0.021). DISCUSSION Findings of this study highlight the importance of country, education, and LBP experience on back pain beliefs. The more negative back pain beliefs found in Taiwan and Singapore may reflect current pain beliefs and management attitudes.
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Smith L, Louw Q, Crous L, Grimmer-Somers K. Prevalence of neck pain and headaches: impact of computer use and other associative factors. Cephalalgia 2009; 29:250-7. [PMID: 19143770 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Headaches and neck pain are reported to be among the most prevalent musculoskeletal complaints in the general population. A significant body of research has reported a high prevalence of headaches and neck pain among adolescents. Sitting for lengthy periods in fixed postures such as at computer terminals may result in adolescent neck pain and headaches. The aim of this paper was to report the association between computer use (exposure) and headaches and neck pain (outcome) among adolescent school students in a developing country. A cross-sectional study was conducted and comprehensive description of the data collection instrument was used to collect the data from 1073 high-school students. Headaches were associated with high psychosocial scores and were more common among girls. We found a concerning association between neck pain and high hours of computing for school students, and have confirmed the need to educate new computer users (school students) about appropriate ergonomics and postural health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Smith
- Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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Wedderkopp N, Kjaer P, Hestbaek L, Korsholm L, Leboeuf-Yde C. High-level physical activity in childhood seems to protect against low back pain in early adolescence. Spine J 2009; 9:134-41. [PMID: 18495545 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence on the impact of physical activity on back pain in children and adolescents has been contradicting. It has also been shown that the physical activity cannot accurately be estimated in children using questionnaires. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to establish if physical activity in childhood had any impact on back pain reporting in early adolescence (3 years later), using an objective instrumental measurement of physical activity. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. PATIENT SAMPLE Representative random sample of Danish children from the city of Odense sampled at age 9 years and followed-up at age 12 years. OUTCOME MEASURES The 1-month period prevalence of back pain (neck pain, mid back pain, and low back pain) was established using a structured interview. METHODS Physical activity was assessed with the MTI-accelerometer. The accelerometer provides a minute-by-minute measure of the physical activity performed. An overall measure of physical activity and time spent in high activity were studied in relation to back pain using logistic regression. The analyses were performed on the total sample and then stratified on back pain (yes/no) at baseline. RESULTS High physical activity (HPA) levels seem to protect against future low back pain and appear to actually "treat" and reduce the odds of future mid back pain. When comparing the least active children to the most active children, the least active had a multivariate odds ratio of 3.3 of getting low back pain and 2.7 of getting mid back pain 3 years later. When stratified on back pain at baseline, this effect on mid back pain was especially noticeable in children who had had mid back pain already at baseline, with an odds ratio of 7.2. CONCLUSIONS HPA in childhood seems to protect against low back pain and mid back pain in early adolescence. Larger prospective studies with repetitive follow-ups and preferably intervention studies should be performed, to see if these findings can be reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wedderkopp
- The Back Research Center, Hospital of Funen, Part of Clinical Locomotion Science, University of Southern Denmark, Ringe, Denmark.
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Mitchell T, O'Sullivan PB, Burnett AF, Straker L, Rudd C. Low back pain characteristics from undergraduate student to working nurse in Australia: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2009; 45:1636-44. [PMID: 18420208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses are known to be a high risk group for occupational low back pain (LBP). The periods of greatest risk for developing low back pain in this population are not well defined. Recent literature suggests current preventative strategies are not consistently effective in improving low back injury statistics among health care populations. OBJECTIVES To identify the relative contributions of age and occupational exposure on the prevalence, duration and severity of low back pain episodes among undergraduate nursing students and recently graduated nurses. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTINGS Two university undergraduate nursing schools and one public teaching hospital graduate nurse training program in Western Australia. PARTICIPANTS 897 undergraduate nursing students (years 1, 2 and 3) and 111 graduate nurses recruited by personal invitation during lectures. METHODS Using a modified version of the Nordic Low Back Questionnaire, information regarding low back pain episode prevalence, impact, duration, frequency and causes was obtained. RESULTS Mean age was consistent across all groups (26.7+/-9.0 years) and had no significant effect on lifetime low back pain prevalence (p=0.30). Very high lifetime (79%), 12 month (71%) and 7 day (31%) low back pain prevalence rates were consistent across all 3 year groups of undergraduate nursing students, but were significantly higher after 12 months of full-time employment [lifetime (95.5%), 12 month (90%) and 7 day (39%)]. Around 60% of all respondents with low back pain utilised at least one of (a) treatment, (b) medication, or (c) a reduction in activity. Nursing students and graduate nurses attributed the majority of their low back pain to bending or lifting despite recent efforts to reduce manual workplace demands (lifting) on nurses. Strategies for managing low back pain differed between nursing students and graduate nurses. CONCLUSIONS These results may suggest a rise in occupational exposure from student to working nurse is the primary cause of the increase in low back pain. Increased exposure may be to physical as well as psychological stressors. Given that prevalence rates are very high prior to commencing work, nursing student populations should be a target group for low back pain preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Mitchell
- School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Masiero S, Carraro E, Celia A, Sarto D, Ermani M. Prevalence of nonspecific low back pain in schoolchildren aged between 13 and 15 years. Acta Paediatr 2008; 97:212-6. [PMID: 18177442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the annual (2005) prevalence of nonspecific low back pain (LBP), defined as lumbago not attributed to recognizable, known specific pathology, in a population of adolescents. METHODS We investigated 7542 school teenagers with a structured questionnaire consisting of demographic and anthropometric items, psychosocial factors and life style, presence and intensity of LBP, family history of LBP, and questions about whether the teenager had been referred to a physician for this problem. Univariate (t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and chi-square test) and multivariate analyses (logistic regression) were performed. RESULTS A total of 1180 (20.5%) teenagers reported one or more episodes of LBP, of whom 900 (76.3%) had consulted a health provider. A significantly greater percentage of LBP was found in the students who practised aerobics and swimming compared to the other sports. The search for risk factors in the whole population revealed no associations between LBP and the investigated anthropometrics or lifestyle items, whereas a significant association was found for gender (to be female), positive family history of LBP and absence of sports activity. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that nonspecific LBP is a frequent event in teenagers, particularly in females, sedentary children and those with a family history of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masiero
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Padova, School of Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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Skoffer B, Foldspang A. Physical activity and low-back pain in schoolchildren. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2008; 17:373-379. [PMID: 18180961 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-007-0583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Design of the experiment is to study the cross-sectional sample with retrospective information. The objective is to identify the types of physical activity associated with the decreased occurrence of low-back pain (LBP) in schoolchildren. Physical activity may be hypothesized to possess a potential for LBP prevention. The possible connection between LBP and specific sports activities is however sparsely documented. A total of 546, 15- to 16-year-old schoolchildren filled a questionnaire on current physical activities and LBP occurrence and severity. In multiple logistic regressions, the association of LBP with exposure variables was corrected for body height and weight (data from school health service files) and for anthropometric and school furniture parameters. More than half of the children reported pain or discomfort in the low-back region during the preceding 3 months, and 1/4 experienced a decreased functioning or need of care because of LBP. LBP correlated with physical inactivity, e.g. time spent on homework and hours watching TV or video, and with a series of sports activities, e.g. jogging, handball playing and gymnastics. Among sports activities, only swimming and the number of hours per week participating in soccer were associated with a decreased LBP prevalence. With the exception of swimming and soccer, the types of sport reported by this schoolchild population do not offer themselves for consideration as tools for LBP prevention. Based on the associations found with indicators of physical inactivity, attempts to motivate the children to increase their general physical activity level should be considered for trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Skoffer
- Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Building 1264, Vennelyst Boulevard, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Anders Foldspang
- Department of Health Services Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Harringe ML, Nordgren JS, Arvidsson I, Werner S. Low back pain in young female gymnasts and the effect of specific segmental muscle control exercises of the lumbar spine: a prospective controlled intervention study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2007; 15:1264-71. [PMID: 17594077 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-007-0289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prospective controlled intervention study. To evaluate a specific segmental muscle training program of the lumbar spine in order to prevent and reduce low back pain in young female teamgym gymnasts. Teamgym is a team sport comprising three events: trampette, tumbling and floor programme. In a recent study, it was found that teamgym gymnasts practice and compete despite suffering from back pain. Specific muscle control exercises of the lumbar spine have shown good results in reducing pain intensity and functional disability levels in patients with low back pain. To our knowledge, this type of training has not been studied in an adolescent athletic population before. Fifty-one gymnasts, with and without LBP, 11-16 years old, from three top-level gymnastics team participated in the study comprising 12 weeks. Every day the gymnasts answered a questionnaire regarding low back pain. After baseline (4 weeks) the intervention group performed a specific segmental muscle training program. Twenty-four gymnasts (47%) reported low back pain during baseline. Nine gymnasts failed to answer the questionnaire every day and the following results are based on 42 gymnasts (intervention group, n = 30, and control group, n=12). Gymnasts in the intervention group reported significantly less number of days with low back pain at completion compared to baseline (P=0.02). Gymnasts in the control group showed no difference in terms of days with low back pain or intensity of low back pain between baseline and completion. Eight gymnasts (out of 15) with LBP in the intervention group became pain free. Specific segmental muscle control exercises of the lumbar spine may be of value in preventing and reducing low back pain in young teamgym gymnasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Harringe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Forskningscentrum M3:00, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hakala PT, Rimpelä AH, Saarni LA, Salminen JJ. Frequent computer-related activities increase the risk of neck–shoulder and low back pain in adolescents. Eur J Public Health 2006; 16:536-41. [PMID: 16524936 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckl025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neck-shoulder pain (NSP) and low back pain (LBP) increased among adolescents in the 1990s and the beginning of 2000. A potential risk factor for this increase is the use of information and communication technology. We studied how the use of computers, the Internet, and mobile phones, playing digital games and viewing television are related to NSP and LBP in adolescents. METHODS Mailed survey with nationally representative samples of 14-, 16-, and 18-year-old Finns in 2003 (n = 6003, response rate 68%). The outcome variables were weekly NSP and LBP. RESULTS NSP was perceived by 26% and LBP by 12%. When compared with non-users, the risk of NSP was 1.3 (adjusted odds ratios) when using computers > 2-3 h/day, and 1.8 when using 4-5 h/day; 2.5 when using computers > or = 42 h/week, and 1.7 when using the Internet > or = 42 h/week. Compared with non-users, the risk of LBP was 2.0 when using computers > 5 h/day, 1.7 when using > or = 42 h/week, 1.8 when using the Internet > or = 42 h/week, and 2.0 when playing digital games > 5 h/day. Times spent on digital gaming, viewing television, and using mobile phones were not associated with NSP, nor were use of mobile phones and viewing television with LBP after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Frequent computer-related activities are an independent risk factor for NSP and LBP. Daily use of computers exceeding 2-3 h seems to be a threshold for NSP and exceeding 5 h for LBP. Computer-related activities may explain the increase of NSP and LBP in the 1990s and the beginning of 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula T Hakala
- Tampere School of Public Health, FIN-33014 University of Tampere, Finland.
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