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Amiez N, Géhin P, Martin A, Paizis C. Acute effects of local vibration inducing tonic vibration reflex or illusion of movement on maximal wrist force production. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:800-813. [PMID: 39116345 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00192.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Local vibration (LV) mainly stimulates primary afferents (Ia) and can induce a tonic vibration reflex (TVR) and an illusion of movement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of these two phenomena on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) capacity. LV (80 Hz) was applied to the wrist flexor muscles in two randomized experiments for 6 min. LV conditions were adjusted to promote either TVR (visual focus on the vibrated wrist) or ILLUSION [hand hidden, visual focus on electromyographic activity of the flexor carpi radialis muscle (FCR)]. Mechanical and electromyographic (EMG) responses of the FCR and extensor carpi radialis muscles were recorded during MVIC in flexion and extension and during electrically evoked contractions at supramaximal intensity. Measurements were performed before (10 min and just before) and after (0 and 30 min) LV protocol. An increase in FCR EMG was observed during LV in the TVR condition (+340%) compared with the illusion condition (P = 0.003). In contrast, the movement illusion was greater in the ILLUSION condition (assessed through subjective scales) (P = 0.004). MVIC was reduced in flexion only after the TVR condition ([Formula: see text], all P < 0.034). Moreover, the decrease in force was correlated with the amount of TVR recorded on the FCR muscle (r = -0.64, P = 0.005). Although potentiated doublets of each muscle did not evolve differently between conditions, a decrease was observed between the first and the last measure. In conclusion, when conducting research to assess maximal strength, it is necessary to have better control and reporting of the phenomena induced during LV.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The maximal force production of the vibrated muscle is reduced after 6 min of LV only in TVR condition. Furthermore, the amount of TVR is negatively correlated with this force decrease. When measuring the effects of LV on maximal force production, it is important to control and report any phenomena induced during vibration, such as TVR or movement illusion, which can be achieved by recording EMG activity of vibrated muscle and quantifying illusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Amiez
- Inserm UMR1093-CAPS, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Géhin
- Inserm UMR1093-CAPS, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Martin
- Inserm UMR1093-CAPS, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christos Paizis
- Inserm UMR1093-CAPS, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre d'Expertise de la Performance, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Nakamura M, Uchida H, Murakami Y, Kasahara K, Imai T, Konrad A. The Acute Effect of Percussive Massage Intervention with and without Heat Application on Plantar Flexor Muscles' Passive and Active Properties. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:73-78. [PMID: 38455448 PMCID: PMC10915610 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Recently, percussive massage (PM) intervention using a handheld percussive massage device, namely a massage gun, has been used as an easy way to perform vibration functions. Additionally, a product has been developed that allows PM intervention and heat application to be performed simultaneously. Thus, this study aimed to compare the acute effects of PM intervention with and without heat application on dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM), passive stiffness, and muscle strength in the gastrocnemius muscle. Fifteen healthy young men (20.9 ± 0.2 years) participated in this study. We measured the DF ROM, passive torque at DF ROM (an indicator of stretch tolerance), passive stiffness, and maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque of the plantar flexor muscles before and immediately after 120 seconds PM intervention with and without heat application. The results showed that PM intervention with and without heat application significantly increased DF ROM and passive torque at DF ROM and decreased passive stiffness, not MVIC torque. These results suggest that PM intervention increased ROM and decreased passive stiffness regardless of the presence or absence of the heat application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nakamura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hironori Uchida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kasahara
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takaki Imai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kyushu University of Nursing and Welfare, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Amiez N, Martin A, Gaveau J, Julliand S, Papaxanthis C, Paizis C. Local vibration induces changes in spinal and corticospinal excitability in vibrated and antagonist muscles. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:379-393. [PMID: 38198664 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00258.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Local vibration (LV) applied over the muscle tendon constitutes a powerful stimulus to activate the muscle spindle primary (Ia) afferents that project to the spinal level and are conveyed to the cortical level. This study aimed to identify the neuromuscular changes induced by a 30-min LV-inducing illusions of hand extension on the vibrated flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and the antagonist extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles. We studied the change of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC, experiment 1) for carpal flexion and extension, motor-evoked potentials (MEPs, experiment 2), cervicomedullary motor-evoked potentials (CMEPs, experiment 2), and Hoffmann's reflex (H-reflex, experiment 3) for both muscles at rest. Measurements were performed before (PRE) and at 0, 30, and 60 min after LV protocol. A lasting decrease in strength was only observed for the vibrated muscle. The reduction in CMEPs observed for both muscles seems to support a decrease in alpha motoneurons excitability. In contrast, a slight decrease in MEPs responses was observed only for the vibrated muscle. The MEP/CMEP ratio increase suggested greater cortical excitability after LV for both muscles. In addition, the H-reflex largely decreased for the vibrated and the antagonist muscles. The decrease in the H/CMEP ratio for the vibrated muscle supported both pre- and postsynaptic causes of the decrease in the H-reflex. Finally, LV-inducing illusions of movement reduced alpha motoneurons excitability for both muscles with a concomitant increase in cortical excitability.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spinal disturbances confound the interpretation of excitability changes in motor areas and compromise the conclusions reached by previous studies using only a corticospinal marker for both vibrated and antagonist muscles. The time course recovery suggests that the H-reflex perturbations for the vibrated muscle do not only depend on changes in alpha motoneurons excitability. Local vibration induces neuromuscular changes in both vibrated and antagonist muscles at the spinal and cortical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Amiez
- Inserm UMR 1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale: UMR 1093, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Martin
- Inserm UMR 1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale: UMR 1093, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jérémie Gaveau
- Inserm UMR 1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale: UMR 1093, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Julliand
- Inserm UMR 1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale: UMR 1093, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- Inserm UMR 1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale: UMR 1093, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christos Paizis
- Inserm UMR 1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale: UMR 1093, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre d'Expertise de la Performance, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Dehghani F, Saeedi H, Khaghani A, Bagherzadeh Cham M. Immediate effects of counterforce brace with and without vibration on pain, muscle strength and range of motion in participants with lateral epicondylitis. A pilot study. Assist Technol 2023; 35:451-459. [PMID: 36036957 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2022.2116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral epicondylitis is one of the most common elbow problems. Counterforce braces are commonly used to manage lateral epicondylitis. Recent studies showed that vibration can decrease pain and increase muscle strength by improving motor abilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a counterforce brace with and without vibration on pain, muscular strength, wrist and elbow joints range of motion in the participants with lateral epicondylitis. In this repeated measure pre-post clinical trial study, 28 participants with lateral epicondylitis were included. Pain were measured with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), wrist and elbow flexor/extensor muscles strength with digital dynamometer, wrist and elbow flexion/extension range of motion with goniometer in 3 condition baseline, counterforce brace and counterforce brace with vibration. Pain using counterforce bracing with vibration showed a significant reduction as compared with baseline and counterforce bracing (P < 0.001). Wrist flexor muscles strength (P = 0.005), elbow flexor/extensor muscles strength respectively (P = 0.04, P = 0.02), wrist flexion/extension range of motion (P < 0.001) following the use of counterforce bracing with vibration increased significantly compared with baseline. The results show that the counterforce bracing with and without vibration relieves pain and improves range of motion and muscles strength in lateral epicondylitis participants, but this improvement is more significant with the use of vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Dehghani
- Department of Orthotics & Prosthetics, Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Saeedi
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khaghani
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masumeh Bagherzadeh Cham
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Takeuchi K, Nakamura M, Fukaya T, Konrad A, Mizuno T. Acute and Long-Term Effects of Static Stretching on Muscle-Tendon Unit Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:465-475. [PMID: 37711702 PMCID: PMC10499138 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Static stretching can increase the range of motion of a joint. Muscle-tendon unit stiffness (MTS) is potentially one of the main factors that influences the change in the range of motion after static stretching. However, to date, the effects of acute and long-term static stretching on MTS are not well understood. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of acute and long-term static stretching training on MTS, in young healthy participants. PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO published before January 6, 2023, were searched and finally, 17 papers were included in the meta-analysis. Main meta-analysis was performed with a random-effect model and subgroup analyses, which included comparisons of sex (male vs. mixed sex and female) and muscle (hamstrings vs. plantar flexors) were also performed. Furthermore, a meta-regression was conducted to examine the effect of total stretching duration on MTS. For acute static stretching, the result of the meta-analysis showed a moderate decrease in MTS (effect size = -0.772, Z = -2.374, 95% confidence interval = -1.409 - -0.325, p = 0.018, I2 = 79.098). For long-term static stretching, there is no significant change in MTS (effect size = -0.608, Z = -1.761, 95% CI = -1.284 - 0.069, p = 0.078, I2 = 83.061). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences between sex (long-term, p = 0.209) or muscle (acute, p =0.295; long-term, p = 0.427). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between total stretching duration and MTS in acute static stretching (p = 0.011, R2 = 0.28), but not in long-term stretching (p = 0.085, R2 < 0.01). Whilst MTS decreased after acute static stretching, only a tendency of a decrease was seen after long-term stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takeuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe International University, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu University, Kanzaki-cho, Saga, Japan
| | - Taizan Fukaya
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Work Studies, Josai International University, Togane-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Graz University, Graz, Austria
| | - Takamasa Mizuno
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya-shi, Aichi, Japan
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Alghadir AH, Khan M, Quddus N, Chawla C. Effects of different stretch durations on the strength of the proximal and distal group of muscles - a randomized trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31279. [PMID: 36316911 PMCID: PMC10662817 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different researchers have studied the effects of different types of stretching on different muscle groups. Since distal muscles are fully activated and proximal muscles are sub-optimally activated; thus, we might see different responses to stretching in the proximal and distal groups of muscles depending on their muscle activation. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the acute effects of 2, 4, and 8 minutes of intermittent static stretching (SS) on the isometric maximum voluntary contraction force (MVCF) of proximal (Hamstring) and distal (Calf) groups of muscles. METHODS Two groups pretest-posttest experimental design was used. A total of thirty participants were randomly assigned into two groups, and twenty-eight completed the intervention. In both groups, participants participated in three experimental trials (SS2, SS4, and SS8) on 3 days. 2-minute intermittent stretching (SS2) was performed on day-I, 4-minute (SS4) on day II, and 8-minute (SS8) on day III. Isometric MVCF was measured at pre-intervention, 0-, 10-, and 20-minute post-intervention periods in both groups. RESULTS In the proximal group: SS2, SS4, and SS8 did not affect isometric MVCF at the 0-, 10-, and 20-minute post-intervention periods (P > .05). In distal group: SS2 did not affect isometric MVCF at 0- and 10-minute post-intervention periods (P > .05), however at 20-minute, MVCF increased by 11.06% (P < .05). SS4 and SS8 also did not alter isometric MVCF in the Calf at 0-, 10-, and 20-minute post-intervention periods (P > .05). No significant differences were observed between the proximal and distal groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION 2-, 4-, and 8-minute intermittent SS did not affect the isometric strength in both muscle groups. In addition, proximal and distal groups of muscles responded similarly to three different duration intermittent SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood Khan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nishat Quddus
- Department of Physiotherapy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandan Chawla
- Ability Physiotherapy and Sports Injury Clinic, New Delhi, India
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Khan M, Alghadir AH. Time-based effects of different duration stretching on calf muscle strength. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-220012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are conflicting reports on the acute effects of stretching on muscle strength. Some studies report reduction in muscle strength however others report no change following stretching. OBJECTIVE: To assess the acute effects of static stretching (SS) of different durations on the isometric maximum voluntary contraction force (MVCF) of the calf muscle. METHODS: Pretest-posttest experimental design was used. Ten male participants (mean age 25.4 ± 2.11 years) participated in three experimental trials: SS for 2-minutes (SS2), 4-minutes (SS4), and 8-minutes (SS8). MVCF was measured before, immediately after, at 10- and 20-minutes post-stretch intervals. Each SS trial involved varied repetitions of 30-seconds stretches and 20-seconds relaxation periods. The isometric maximum voluntary contraction force (MVCF) was the outcome measure. RESULTS: SS2, SS4, and SS8 did not change the MVCF at 0-, 10- and 20-minutes post stretching intervals (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 2-, 4-, and 8-minutes intermittent SS did not change the isometric muscle strength in the Calf muscle up to 20 minutes after stretching and thus can safely be performed before those sporting events that require significant muscle strength.
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Khan M, Alghadir AH. Time-based effects of different duration stretching on hamstring muscle strength. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:953-959. [PMID: 34296840 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stretching is believed to decrease muscle strength. The aim of this paper was to examine the time course (immediate, and 10- and 20-minutes post-stretching) for the effects of 2, 4, and 8 minutes of static-stretching (SS) on the isometric maximum voluntary contraction force (MVCF) of hamstring muscles with a pretest-post-test experiment design. METHODS A total of 14 subjects with a mean age of 25 years participated in three experimental trials on three different days. Day I for static stretching for 2 minutes (SS<inf>2</inf>), day II for 4 minutes (SS<inf>4</inf>), and day III for 8 minutes (SS<inf>8</inf>). Testing was conducted before (pre), immediately after (post), and at 10- and 20-minutes post-stretching. MVCF was measured using the strain gauze as the main outcome measure. RESULTS MVCF increased with SS<inf>2</inf> at 0 minutes (1.31%), 10 minutes (3.4%), and 20 minutes (4.1%) postintervention. MVCF increased with SS<inf>4</inf> at 0 minutes (1.13%), 10 minutes (9.6%) and 20 minutes (7.1%) postintervention. MVCF decreased with SS<inf>8</inf> at 0 minutes (2.9%), but increased at 10 minutes (1.86%) and 20 minutes (0.99%) postintervention. All these changes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS In hamstring stretching, 2, 4 and 8 minutes increased MVCF, but results were not statistically significant. Thus, 2 to 8 minutes long-duration stretching exercises could safely be performed before a strength-training session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Khan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia -
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Maghbouli N, Khodadost M, Pourhassan S. The effectiveness of vibration therapy for muscle peak torque and postural control in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. J Orthop Traumatol 2021; 22:28. [PMID: 34259935 PMCID: PMC8280257 DOI: 10.1186/s10195-021-00589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to review and summarize the existing evidence on the effectiveness of vibration therapy (VT) in comparison with conventional rehabilitation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-reconstructed patients considering muscle peak torque and postural control. Methods We searched available online databases for relevant studies published up to February 2020. All randomized clinical trials investigating the effect of VT on quadriceps peak torque, hamstring peak torque, and postural control (closed-eye and open-eye) were included. Overall, 13 clinical trials with a total sample size of 407 participants were included for the meta-analysis. We used the pooled mean difference with random effects model for meta-analyses. We assessed the heterogeneity of the studies using the I2 and Cochran’s Q test. Meta-regression analysis was used to assess the source of heterogeneity. Results We found that VT significantly improved hamstring peak torque [weighted mean difference (WMD) 12.67, 95% CI 4.51–20.83] and quadriceps peak torque (WMD 0.11, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.29). However, subgroup analysis showed a significant increase in mentioned muscles’ peak torque in studies employing interventions including both local muscle vibration (LMV) and vibration frequency higher than 100 Hz (WMD 20.84, 95% CI 11.75–29.93). With regard to postural control, we observed a significant improvement only in open-eye mediolateral postural control (WMD 0.26, 95% CI −1.26 to 1.77). Conclusion This study suggests that VT, especially LMV type with vibration frequency higher than 100 Hz, can be effective in rehabilitation of ACL-reconstructed patients. Although improvement in the peak torque of hamstring and quadriceps muscles was seen, there was no significant improvement in postural control, especially closed-eye, in comparison with conventional rehabilitation. Level of evidence 1. Highlights Vibration therapy can increase hamstring peak torque in individuals with ACL reconstruction. Local muscle vibration type in comparison with whole-body vibration is recommended for ACL-reconstructed patients. Vibration frequency higher than 100 Hz is preferred in ACL-reconstructed rehabilitation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10195-021-00589-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Maghbouli
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Khodadost
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Saeed Pourhassan
- Internal Medicine Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713135, Tehran, Iran.
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Pulverenti TS, Trajano GS, Kirk BJC, Bochkezanian V, Blazevich AJ. Plantar flexor muscle stretching depresses the soleus late response but not tendon tap reflexes. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3185-3198. [PMID: 33675055 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in muscle spindle sensitivity with early and late soleus reflex responses via tendon taps and transcranial magnetic stimulation, respectively, after an acute bout of prolonged static plantar flexor muscle stretching. Seventeen healthy males were tested before and after 5 min (5 × 60-s stretches) of passive static stretching of the plantar flexor muscles. Maximal voluntary isometric torque and M wave-normalized triceps surae muscle surface electromyographic activity were recorded. Both soleus tendon reflexes, evoked by percussion of the Achilles tendon during rest and transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked soleus late responses during submaximal isometric dorsiflexion were also quantified. Significant decreases in maximal voluntary isometric plantar flexion torque (-19.2 ± 13.6%, p = .002) and soleus electromyographic activity (-20.1 ± 11.4%, p < .001) were observed immediately after stretching, and these changes were highly correlated (r = 0.76, p < .001). No changes were observed in tendon reflex amplitude or latency or peak muscle twitch torque (p > .05). Significant reductions in soleus late response amplitudes (-46.9 ± 36.0%, p = .002) were detected, although these changes were not correlated with changes in maximal electromyographic activity, torque or tendon reflex amplitudes. No changes in soleus late response latency were detected. In conclusion, impaired neural drive was implicated in the stretch-induced force loss; however, no evidence was found that this loss was related to changes in muscle spindle sensitivity. We hypothesize that the decrease in soleus late response indicates a stretch-induced reduction in a polysynaptic postural reflex rather than spindle reflex sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Pulverenti
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Benjamin J C Kirk
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Vanesa Bochkezanian
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Qld, Australia
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Acute effect of tendon vibration applied during isometric contraction at two knee angles on maximal knee extension force production. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242324. [PMID: 33186411 PMCID: PMC7665630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a single session of prolonged tendon vibration combined with low submaximal isometric contraction on maximal motor performance. Thirty-two young sedentary adults were assigned into two groups that differed based on the knee angle tested: 90° or 150° (180° = full knee extension). Participants performed two fatigue-inducing exercise protocols: one with three 10 min submaximal (10% of maximal voluntary contraction) knee extensor contractions and patellar tendon vibration (80 Hz) another with submaximal knee extensor contractions only. Before and after each fatigue protocol, maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC), voluntary activation level (assessed by the twitch interpolation technique), peak-to-peak amplitude of maximum compound action potentials of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis (assessed by electromyography with the use of electrical nerve stimulation), peak twitch amplitude and peak doublet force were measured. The knee extensor fatigue was significantly (P<0.05) greater in the 90° knee angle group (-20.6% MVC force, P<0.05) than the 150° knee angle group (-8.3% MVC force, P = 0.062). Both peripheral and central alterations could explain the reduction in MVC force at 90° knee angle. However, tendon vibration added to isometric contraction did not exacerbate the reduction in MVC force. These results clearly demonstrate that acute infrapatellar tendon vibration using a commercial apparatus operating at optimal conditions (i.e. contracted and stretched muscle) does not appear to induce knee extensor neuromuscular fatigue in young sedentary subjects.
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Yu S, Lowe T, Griffin L, Dong XN. Single bout of vibration-induced hamstrings fatigue reduces quadriceps inhibition and coactivation of knee muscles after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2020; 55:102464. [PMID: 32942109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent quadriceps strength deficits in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) have been attributed to arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of vibration-induced hamstrings fatigue on AMI in patients with ACLr. Eight participants with unilateral ACLr (post-surgery time: M = 46.5, SD = 23.5 months; age: M = 21.4, SD = 1.4 years) and eight individuals with no previous history of knee injury (age: M = 22.5, SD = 2.5 years) were recruited. A fatigue protocol, consisting of 10 min of prolonged local hamstrings vibration, was applied to both the ACLr and control groups. The central activation ratio (CAR) of the quadriceps was measured with a superimposed burst of electrical stimulation, and hamstrings/quadriceps coactivation was assessed using electromyography (EMG) during isometric knee extension exercises, both before and after prolonged local vibration. For the ACLr group, the hamstrings strength, measured by a load cell on a purpose-built chair, was significantly (P = 0.016) reduced about 14.5%, indicating fatigue was actually induced in the hamstrings. At baseline, the ACLr group showed a trend (P = 0.051) toward a lower quadriceps CAR (M = 93.2%, SD = 6.2% versus M = 98.1%, SD = 1.1%) and significantly (P = 0.001) higher hamstrings/quadriceps coactivation (M = 15.1%, SD = 6.2% versus M = 7.5%, SD = 4.0%) during knee extension compared to the control group. The fatigue protocol significantly (P = 0.001) increased quadriceps CAR (from M = 93.2%, SD = 6.2% to M = 97.9%, SD = 2.8%) and significantly (P = 0.006) decreased hamstrings/quadriceps coactivation during knee extension (from M = 15.1%, SD = 6.2% to M = 9.5%, SD = 4.5%) in the ACLr group. In conclusion, vibration-induced hamstrings fatigue can alleviate AMI of the quadriceps in patients with ACLr. This finding has clinical implications in the management of recovery for ACLr patients with quadriceps strength deficits and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yu
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Lowe
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Griffin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xuanliang Neil Dong
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.
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13
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CHOI JINSEUNG, KIM JUNGGIL, CHO JUNHYEONG, TACK GYERAE. A BASIC STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF VIBRATOR-ATTACHED LEG-PRESS ON THE KNEE AND ANKLE JOINT TORQUES. J MECH MED BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519420400163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compare the effects of vibration on the knee and ankle torques after performing leg-press exercises for four weeks. A total of 20 participants were randomly assigned to a group for leg-press with vibration (VLP group; nine males, one female, 25.8 years old, 172.3[Formula: see text]cm, and 73.8[Formula: see text]kg) and another group for regular leg-press (LP group; eight males, two females, 25.6 years old, 169.6[Formula: see text]cm, and 65[Formula: see text]kg), wherein they performed exercises for four weeks (four times a week). The frequency and amplitude of vibration applied during the exercise were 30[Formula: see text]Hz and 1.5[Formula: see text]mm, respectively. To examine the effects of the exercise, the isometric and isokinetic joint torques of the knee and ankle were measured using Biodex (Biodex Medical Systems, USA) for a total of three times, namely: before exercising and after two and four weeks. The results showed that the isometric and isokinetic joint torques of the knee and ankle improved overall for both groups after four weeks. However, the effects of the leg-press with vibration were not observed. Therefore, further studies are required to investigate the method of applying vibration to each muscle and the frequency and amplitude of vibration, as well as the effects of vibration on the elderly and patients under rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIN SEUNG CHOI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & BK21 Plus Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University 268 Chungwon-Daero, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - JUNG GIL KIM
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & BK21 Plus Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University 268 Chungwon-Daero, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - JUN HYEONG CHO
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & BK21 Plus Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University 268 Chungwon-Daero, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - GYE RAE TACK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & BK21 Plus Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University 268 Chungwon-Daero, Chungju 27478, Korea
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14
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Jemni M, Marina M, Delextrat A, Tanner A, Basset FA, Gu Y, Hu Q, Zhou H, Mkaouer B, Konukman F. Salivary endocrine response following a maximal incremental cycling protocol with local vibration. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238051. [PMID: 32915796 PMCID: PMC7485839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of vibration (Vib versus noVib) during a maximal graded cycling exercise on hormonal response, precisely on cortisol (C) and testosterone (T). Twelve active males (25 ± 5yrs; 181 ± 5cm; 80.7 ± 11.1kg) randomly performed two maximal incremental cycling tests on two separate days and at the same time of the day (09:00). The protocol consisted of incremental steps of 3 min duration performed on a PowerBIKETM that induces vibration cycling. The study was a repeated measures design and participants performed the test with and without vibration. Gas exchange and heart rate (HR) were continuously assessed and blood lactate (Bla) was recorded at the end of each incremental stage. Saliva samples were collected before and immediately after the test, and analysed for (C) and (T). The results show that C and T increased in both cycling conditions; however, the C’s magnitude of change was significantly higher by 83% after Vib cycling in comparison to the no Vib (p = 0.014), whereas the T’s magnitude of change were not statistically different between trials (p = 0.715). Vibration induced a decrease of the T/C ratio (p = 0.046) but no significant changes were observed following noVib (p = 0.476). As a conclusion, the investigation suggests that adding mechanical vibration to cycling may potentiate a catabolic exercise-induced state, which could have potential clinical implications in rehabilitation and injury treatment. Sport experts should take this message home to carefully plan the recovery process and time during training and competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monèm Jemni
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
- The University of Cambridge—Institute of Continuing Education, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: , (MJ); (YG)
| | | | - Anne Delextrat
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Tanner
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien A. Basset
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: , (MJ); (YG)
| | - Qiuli Hu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bessem Mkaouer
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Ferman Konukman
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Han Q, Ma Y, Jia P, Wang X, Wang B, Zheng Y. A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Comparing the Efficacy of Pulsed Radiofrequency Combined With Exercise Versus Exercise Alone in Pain Relief and Functional Improvement for Chronic Knee Osteoarthritis. Pain Pract 2020; 21:160-170. [PMID: 32700432 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the long-term efficacy between pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) combined with passive stretching (PRF-PS) exercise and PS exercise alone in reducing pain and improving quadriceps muscle strength and knee function. METHODS Sixty-two participants were randomly assigned with a 1:1 allocation to the PRF-PS exercise group or the PS exercise group. Level of pain, muscle strength, and knee function were assessed from baseline to the first, third, and sixth months after treatment using the VAS, peak torque (PT), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), respectively. RESULTS There were no significant differences at baseline between the 2 groups. Compared to exercise alone, participants achieved superior efficacy with PRF-PS in pain relief, improvement of muscle strength, and knee function. Moreover, the improvement of all variables was maintained for a longer period of time in the PRF-PS group. The reduction in participants' VAS pain intensity scores was superior for PRF-PS vs. PS with overall estimation (adjusted mean difference: -1.85 cm; 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.25, -1.45 cm; P = 0.000). The increase in participants' PT scores was superior for PRF-PS vs. PS with overall estimation (adjusted mean difference: 15.53 N. m; 95% CI 7.07, 23.98 N. m; P = 0.000; and 12.62 N. m; 95% CI 0.96, 24.28 N. m; P = 0.000 for PT 60 degrees/s and PT 180 degrees/s, respectively). The reduction in participants' WOMAC scores was superior for PRF-PS vs. PS with overall estimation (adjusted mean difference: -16.43; 95% CI -22.22, -10.64; P = 0.000). DISCUSSION The improvement in pain relief and knee function might be associated with restoration of muscle strength after PRF-PS exercise by overcoming muscle inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- Department of Pain Management, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Ma
- Department of Pain Management, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyu Jia
- Department of Pain Management, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- Department of Pain Management, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Pulverenti TS, Trajano GS, Walsh A, Kirk BJC, Blazevich AJ. Lack of cortical or Ia-afferent spinal pathway involvement in muscle force loss after passive static stretching. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:1896-1906. [PMID: 32267196 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00578.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether modulation of corticospinal-motoneuronal excitability and/or synaptic transmission of the Ia afferent spinal reflex contributes to decreases in voluntary activation and muscular force after an acute bout of prolonged static muscle stretching. Fifteen men performed five 60-s constant-torque stretches (15-s rest intervals; total duration 5 min) of the plantar flexors on an isokinetic dynamometer and a nonstretching control condition in random order on 2 separate days. Maximum isometric plantar flexor torque and triceps surae muscle electromyographic activity (normalized to M wave; EMG/M) were simultaneously recorded immediately before and after each condition. Motor-evoked potentials (using transcranial magnetic stimulation) and H-reflexes were recorded from soleus during EMG-controlled submaximal contractions (23.4 ± 6.9% EMG maximum). No changes were detected in the control condition. After stretching, however, peak torque (mean ± SD; -14.3 ± 7.0%) and soleus EMG/M (-17.8 ± 6.2%) decreased, and these changes were highly correlated (r = 0.83). No changes were observed after stretching in soleus MEP or H-reflex amplitudes measured during submaximal contractions, and interindividual variability of changes was not correlated with changes in EMG activity or maximum torque. During EMG-controlled submaximal contractions, torque production was significantly decreased after stretching (-22.7 ± 15.0%), indicating a compromised muscular output. These data provide support that changes in the excitability of the corticospinal-motoneuronal and Ia afferent spinal reflex pathways do not contribute to poststretch neural impairment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to specifically examine potential sites underlying the decreases in neural activation of muscle and force production after a bout of muscle stretching. However, no changes were found in either the H-reflex or motor-evoked potential amplitude during submaximal contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Pulverenti
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, Staten Island, New York
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Walsh
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Benjamin J C Kirk
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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17
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Pereira BM, Magalhães FA, Lacerda ACR, Andrade AGP, Peixoto GHDC, Chagas MH. Comparison of four local vibratory stimuli on mechanical and sensorial variables related to muscle‐tendon unit response. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Heleno Chagas
- Department of Physical Education Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
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18
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Baudry S, Duchateau J. Aftereffects of prolonged Achilles tendon vibration on postural control are reduced in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2020; 131:110822. [PMID: 31899339 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the change in the contribution of proprioceptive signal from leg muscles in postural control with ageing. METHODS Fifteen young (~23 yr) and fifteen older adults (~68 yr) participated in Experiment 1, which consisted of recording the mean position of the centre of pressure (CoP), CoP path length, CoP velocity, and the amplitude of the Hoffmann (H) reflex and maximal M wave (MMAX) in the soleus muscle during upright standing, before and after 1 h of bilateral Achilles tendon vibration applied in seated posture. Eight young (~24 yr) and eight older adults (~67 yr) participated in Experiment 2 consisting of recording H-reflex and MMAX in seated posture before and after the 1-h vibration procedure used in Experiment 1. RESULTS Immediately after the 1-h vibration, the mean CoP position shifted forward in both groups (p < 0.05), with a greater magnitude of change (% pre-vibration) in young [mean(SD); 74(41)%] than older adults [44(40)%; p < 0.05]. The CoP path length and velocity only increased in young adults after vibration (p < 0.05). The H-reflex amplitude decreased only in young adults after vibration [before: 35(12); after: 16(13)% Mmax, p < 0.05] during upright standing (Experiment 1), whereas it decreased similarly (p > 0.05) in young [before: 47(12)% Mmax; after: 28(17)% Mmax] and older adults [before: 34(13)% Mmax; after: 21(14)% Mmax] in seated posture (Experiment 2). CONCLUSION Prolonged Achilles tendon vibrations lead to lesser postural perturbation in older than in young adults, supporting the assumption of a decreased reliance on leg muscle proprioception in postural control with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Baudry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jacques Duchateau
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Kilit B, Arslan E, Soylu Y. Effects of different stretching methods on speed and agility performance in young tennis players. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Palmer TB, Pineda JG, Cruz MR, Agu-Udemba CC. Duration-Dependent Effects of Passive Static Stretching on Musculotendinous Stiffness and Maximal and Rapid Torque and Surface Electromyography Characteristics of the Hamstrings. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:717-726. [PMID: 30664114 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Palmer, TB, Pineda, JG, Cruz, MR, and Agu-Udemba, CC. Duration-dependent effects of passive static stretching on musculotendinous stiffness and maximal and rapid torque and surface electromyography characteristics of the hamstrings. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 717-726, 2019-This study aimed to examine the effects of stretching duration on passive musculotendinous stiffness and maximal and rapid torque and surface electromyography (EMG) characteristics of the hamstrings. Thirteen young females (age = 21 ± 2 years) underwent 2 passive straight-leg raise (SLR) assessments and 2 isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the hamstrings before and after 4 randomized conditions that included a control treatment and 3 experimental treatments of passive static stretching for 30-, 60-, and 120-second durations. Passive stiffness was calculated during each SLR as the slope of the final 10% of the angle-torque curve. Isometric peak torque (PT), rate of torque development (RTD), peak EMG amplitude (PEMG), and rate of EMG rise (RER) were extracted from each MVC. Results indicated that PT and PEMG were not affected (p = 0.993 and 0.422, respectively) by any of the experimental treatments. Rate of torque development and RER decreased from pre- to post-treatment for 120 seconds (p = 0.001 and 0.001) but not for the control (p = 0.616 and 0.466), 30- (p = 0.628 and 0.612), and 60-second (p = 0.396 and 0.815) interventions. The slope coefficient decreased from pre- to post-treatment for the 30- (p = 0.001), 60- (p = 0.002), and 120-second (p = 0.001) stretching interventions but not for the control (p = 0.649). Given the significant stiffness reductions and lack of changes in PT and RTD for the 30- and 60-second interventions, it may be advantageous for practitioners who are using hamstring passive stretching as part of a warm-up routine, to perform such stretching on their clients for short (30-60 seconds) rather than moderate (120-second) stretching durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty B Palmer
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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21
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Barrera-Curiel A, Colquhoun RJ, Hernandez-Sarabia JA, DeFreitas JM. The effects of vibration-induced altered stretch reflex sensitivity on maximal motor unit firing properties. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:2215-2221. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00326.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that muscle spindles have a monosynaptic, excitatory connection with α-motoneurons. However, the influence of muscle spindles on human motor unit behavior during maximal efforts remains untested. It has also been shown that muscle spindle function, as assessed by peripheral reflexes, can be systematically manipulated with muscle vibration. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of brief and prolonged vibration on maximal motor unit firing properties. A crossover design was used, in which each of the 24 participants performed one to three maximal knee extensions under three separate conditions: 1) control, 2) brief vibration that was applied during the contraction, and 3) after prolonged vibration that was applied for ~20 min before the contraction. Multichannel EMG was recorded from the vastus lateralis during each contraction and was decomposed into its constituent motor unit action potential trains. Surprisingly, an approximate 9% reduction in maximal voluntary strength was observed not only after prolonged vibration but also during brief vibration. In addition, both vibration conditions had a large, significant effect on firing rates (a decrease in the rates) and a small to moderate, nonsignificant effect on recruitment thresholds (a small increase in the thresholds). Therefore, vibration had a detrimental influence on both maximal voluntary strength and motor unit firing properties, which we propose is due to altered function of the stretch reflex pathway. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used vibration to alter muscle spindle function and examined the vibration’s influence on maximal motor unit properties. We discovered that vibration had a detrimental influence on motor unit behavior and motor output by decreasing motor unit firing rates, increasing recruitment thresholds, which led to decreased maximal strength. We believe that understanding the role of muscle spindles during maximal contractions provides a deeper insight into motor control and sensorimotor integration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J. Colquhoun
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | | | - Jason M. DeFreitas
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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22
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Takeuchi K, Takemura M, Shimono T, Miyakawa S. Baseline muscle tendon unit stiffness does not affect static stretching of the ankle plantar flexor muscles. J Phys Ther Sci 2018; 30:1377-1380. [PMID: 30464369 PMCID: PMC6220098 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of baseline muscle tendon unit stiffness on static stretching. [Participants and Methods] Eighteen healthy males were divided into two groups according to their muscle tendon unit stiffness as follows: High (n=9) and Low (n=9). Flexibility assessment was performed before and after 10 minutes of static stretching. Alterations in range of motion, passive torque at the terminal range of motion, muscle tendon unit stiffness, muscle tendon junction displacement, and tendon length were examined. [Results] No significant interactions were found in all the measurements. After static stretching, the range of motion, passive torque, muscle tendon junction displacement, and tendon length increased, while muscle tendon unit stiffness decreased. There were significant differences in range of motion, muscle tendon unit stiffness, and muscle tendon junction displacement between the groups. [Conclusion] Ten minutes of static stretching increased the range of motion through a decrease in muscle tendon unit stiffness and an increase in tolerance in both groups. Differences in muscle tendon unit stiffness and muscle tendon junction displacement caused the differences in range of motion. Baseline muscle tendon unit stiffness had no effects on static stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takeuchi
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe International University: 9-1-6 Koyou-cho, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0032, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takemura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shimono
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shumpei Miyakawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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23
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Souron R, Oriol M, Millet GY, Lapole T. Intermediate Muscle Length and Tendon Vibration Optimize Corticospinal Excitability During Knee Extensors Local Vibration. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1266. [PMID: 30233417 PMCID: PMC6134995 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While local vibration (LV) has been recently proposed as a potential modality for neuromuscular conditioning, no practical recommendations to optimize its effects have been published. Because changes in corticospinal excitability may reflect at which degree the neuromuscular function is modulated during LV exposure, this study investigated the effects of muscle length and vibration site on LV-induced on motor evoked potentials (MEPs) changes. Twenty-one subjects participated in a single session in which MEPs were evoked on the relaxed knee extensors (KE) during three conditions, i.e., no vibration (CON), muscle (VIBMU), and tendon vibration (VIBTD). Three muscle lengths were tested for each condition, i.e., short/intermediate/long KE muscle length. Both VIBMU and VIBTD significantly increase MEPs compared to CON. Higher increases (P < 0.001) were found for VIBTD compared to VIBMU for vastus lateralis (mean increases of the three angles: +241% vs.+ 148%), vastus medialis (+273% vs. + 180%) and rectus femoris muscles (+191% vs. +141%). The increase in MEPs amplitude was higher (p < 0.001) at an intermediate (mean pooled increase for VIBTD and VIBMU: +265%, +290%, and +212% for VL, VM, and RF, respectively) compared to short (+136%, + 144%, and + 127%) or long (+ 184%, + 246% and + 160%) muscle lengths. These results suggest that LV should be applied to the tendon at an intermediate muscle length to optimize the acute effects of LV on the KE neuromuscular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Souron
- Univ Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Marie Oriol
- Univ Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Guillaume Y. Millet
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Univ Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Étienne, France
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Abstract
It is well known that prolonged passive muscle stretch reduces maximal muscle force production. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that adaptations occurring within the nervous system play a major role in this stretch-induced force reduction. This article reviews the existing literature, and some new evidence, regarding acute neurophysiological changes in response to passive muscle stretching. We discuss the possible contribution of supra-spinal and spinal structures to the force reduction after passive muscle stretch. In summary, based on the recent evidence reviewed we propose a new hypothesis that a disfacilitation occurring at the motoneuronal level after passive muscle stretch is a major factor affecting the neural efferent drive to the muscle and, subsequently, its ability to produce maximal force.
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25
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Souron R, Besson T, McNeil CJ, Lapole T, Millet GY. An Acute Exposure to Muscle Vibration Decreases Knee Extensors Force Production and Modulates Associated Central Nervous System Excitability. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:519. [PMID: 29118698 PMCID: PMC5660984 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Local vibration (LV) has been recently validated as an efficient training method to improve muscle strength. Understanding the acute effects may help elucidate the mechanism(s). This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single bout of prolonged LV on knee extensor force production and corticospinal responsiveness of vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles in healthy young and old adults. Across two visits, 23 adult subjects (20-75 years old) performed pre- and post-test measurements, separated by 30-min of either rest (control; CON) or LV. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force was assessed and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to evaluate cortical voluntary activation (VATMS) as well as the motor evoked potential (MEP) and silent period (SP). In 11 young adults, thoracic electrical stimulation was used to assess the thoracic motor evoked potential (TMEP). Although MVC decreased after both CON (-6.3 ± 4.4%, p = 0.01) and LV (-12.9 ± 7.7%, p < 0.001), the MVC loss was greater after LV (p = 0.001). Normalized maximal electromyographic (EMG) activity decreased after LV for both VL (-25.1 ± 10.7%) and RF (-20.9 ± 16.5%; p < 0.001), while it was unchanged after CON (p = 0.32). For RF, the TMEP and MEP/TMEP ratio decreased (p = 0.01) and increased (p = 0.01) after LV, respectively. Both measures were unchanged for VL (p = 0.27 and p = 0.15, respectively). No changes were reported for TMS-related parameters. These results confirm our hypothesis that modulations within the central nervous system would accompany the significant reduction of maximal voluntary force. A reduced motoneuron excitability seems to explain the decreased MVC after prolonged LV, as suggested by reductions in maximal EMG (all subjects) and TMEP area (data from 11 young subjects). A concomitant increased cortical excitability seems to compensate for lower excitability at the spinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Souron
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, UJM Saint-Etienne, University Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Thibault Besson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, UJM Saint-Etienne, University Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Chris J. McNeil
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, UJM Saint-Etienne, University Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guillaume Y. Millet
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Alghadir AH, Anwer S, Zafar H, Iqbal ZA. Effect of localised vibration on muscle strength in healthy adults: a systematic review. Physiotherapy 2017; 104:18-24. [PMID: 28947078 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of local vibration on muscle strength in healthy adults. DATA SOURCES The electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science were searched using a combination of the following keywords: vibration, vibration therapy, power, maximal voluntary contraction, performance, rate of force development and vibratory exercise. In addition, the Medical Subject Headings 'vibration', 'strength' and 'exercise' were used. The bibliographical search was limited to articles published in English. STUDY SELECTION Trials that evaluated the effect of localised vibration on muscle strength in healthy humans were included. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent evaluators verified the quality of the selected studies using the PEDro Scale and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias. Muscle strength was calculated for each intervention. RESULTS In total, 29 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility. Eighteen studies did not match the inclusion criteria, and were excluded. The 11 studies included in this review had an average PEDro score of 5.36/10. Most of the studies reported significant improvements in muscle strength after the application of local vibration. There was considerable variation in the vibration training parameters and target muscle location. CONCLUSIONS The use of local vibration on the target muscle can enhance muscle strength in healthy adults. Further well-designed controlled studies are required to confirm the effect of local vibration training on muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Anwer
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India.
| | - H Zafar
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Odontology, Clinical Oral Physiology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Z A Iqbal
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Acute and chronic neuromuscular adaptations to local vibration training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1939-1964. [PMID: 28766150 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vibratory stimuli are thought to have the potential to promote neural and/or muscular (re)conditioning. This has been well described for whole-body vibration (WBV), which is commonly used as a training method to improve strength and/or functional abilities. Yet, this technique may present some limitations, especially in clinical settings where patients are unable to maintain an active position during the vibration exposure. Thus, a local vibration (LV) technique, which consists of applying portable vibrators directly over the tendon or muscle belly without active contribution from the participant, may present an alternative to WBV. The purpose of this narrative review is (1) to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature related to the acute and chronic neuromuscular changes associated with LV, and (2) to show that LV training may be an innovative and efficient alternative method to the 'classic' training programs, including in the context of muscle deconditioning prevention or rehabilitation. An acute LV application (one bout of 20-60 min) may be considered as a significant neuromuscular workload, as demonstrated by an impairment of force generating capacity and LV-induced neural changes. Accordingly, it has been reported that a training period of LV is efficient in improving muscular performance over a wide range of training (duration, number of session) and vibration (frequency, amplitude, site of application) parameters. The functional improvements are principally triggered by adaptations within the central nervous system. A model illustrating the current research on LV-induced adaptations is provided.
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Batista LDSP, Dias MDS, Costa SDS, Oliveira SLD, Victor NP, Gurjão ALD. EFEITO AGUDO DO VOLUME DE ALONGAMENTO ESTÁTICO NO DESEMPENHO NEUROMUSCULAR DE JOVENS E IDOSAS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220172302157700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Introdução: Os exercícios prévios de alongamento estático (AE) podem promover decréscimo transitório da força muscular. Características dos protocolos de AE e da amostra estudada podem interferir no desempenho neuromuscular subsequente às rotinas de alongamento. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito agudo de dois diferentes volumes de AE sobre o sistema neuromuscular de mulheres jovens e idosas durante a execução do leg press horizontal. Métodos: Vinte e quatro mulheres (12 jovens e 12 idosas), aparentemente saudáveis, compareceram ao local de realização do experimento em seis ocasiões distintas. Nas três primeiras visitas realizaram-se coleta dos dados pessoais, de dados antropométricos, familiarização com o protocolo de AE e registro de esforço isométrico no leg press horizontal. Nas três últimas visitas, foram realizados registros da curva força-tempo isométrica e atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) dos músculos vasto medial e vasto lateral após realização de uma de três condições experimentais: controle (sem alongamento), alongamento com volume total de 60 segundos e 120 segundos. A ordem das condições experimentais foi aleatorizada. O protocolo de AE envolveu três exercícios executados em duas séries de 30 segundos (AE60) ou em quatro séries de 30 segundos (AE120). O teste ANOVA two-way foi utilizado para análises dos dados. Resultados: Nenhuma das rotinas de AE acarretou alteração de taxa de desenvolvimento de força (TDF), contração voluntária máxima e atividade EMG nas mulheres jovens e idosas. Conclusões: Diferentes volumes de AE, em conformidade com recomendações atuais, não influenciaram o desempenho neuromuscular de mulheres jovens e idosas no exercício leg press horizontal.
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Mosier EM, Herda TJ, Trevino MA, Miller JD. The influence of prolonged vibration on motor unit behavior. Muscle Nerve 2016; 55:500-507. [PMID: 27465016 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vibration (VIB) on motor unit (MU) behavior of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during a 40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). METHODS Eleven healthy (age 21.3 ± 2.6 years) individuals participated in the study. Surface electromyography (EMG) data were recorded from the VL during isometric trapezoidal muscle contractions at 40% MVC. Firing events of single MUs and EMG amplitude were reported for the first, middle, and final seconds of a 12-second steady force segment at 40% MVC. VIB was applied at 55 Hz to the patellar tendon for 15 minutes before and continued throughout the remainder of testing (VIB) or remained off (CON). RESULTS There were significant increases in MU firing rates during VIB in comparison to CON and no differences in EMG amplitude between VIB and CON. CONCLUSION The VIB-mediated reduction in muscle spindle function altered MU behavior at 40% MVC. Muscle Nerve 55: 500-507, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Mosier
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, 1301 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Trent J Herda
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, 1301 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Michael A Trevino
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, 1301 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Jonathan D Miller
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, 1301 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
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Miller JD, Herda TJ, Trevino MA, Mosier EM. The effects of passive stretching plus vibration on strength and activation of the plantar flexors. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:917-23. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of passive stretching only (PS+CON) and passive stretching with the addition of continuous vibration (VIB) during post-passive stretching tests (PS+VIB) on peak torque (PT), percent voluntary inactivation (%VI), single stimulus twitch torque (TTSINGLE), and doublet stimuli twitch torque (TTDOUBLET) of the plantar flexors at a short (20° plantar flexion (PF)) and long muscle length (15° dorsiflexion (DF)). Fourteen healthy men (age = 22 ± 3 years) performed isometric maximal voluntary contractions at PF and DF, and passive range of motion (PROM) assessments before and after 8 × 30-s passive stretches without (PS+CON) or with VIB (PS+VIB) administered continuously throughout post-passive stretching tests. The passive properties of the muscle tendon unit were assessed pre- and post-passive stretching via PROM, passive torque (PASSTQ), and musculotendinous stiffness (MTS) measurements. PT, TTSINGLE, and TTDOUBLET decreased, whereas, %VI increased following passive stretching at PF and DF (P < 0.05) with no significant differences between PS+CON and PS+VIB. PASSTQ and MTS decreased while PROM increased post-passive stretching during both trials (P < 0.05). The stretching-induced force/torque deficit and increases in %VI were evident following passive stretching at short and long muscle lengths. Although not statistically significant, effect size calculations suggested large and moderate differences in the absolute changes in PT (Cohen’s d = 1.14) and %VI (Cohen’s d = 0.54) from pre- to post-passive stretching between treatments, with PS+VIB having greater decreases of PT and higher %VI than PS+CON. The decrement in PT following passive stretching may be primarily neural in origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Miller
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Trent J. Herda
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Michael A. Trevino
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Eric M. Mosier
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
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Valentim-Silva JR, Costa ML, Oliveira GLD, Oliveira TAPD, Conceição MCDSC, Dantas EHM. HIGH INTENSITY EXERCISE AND FLEXIBILITY OF THE LOWER LIMBS: DOSE-EFFECT STUDY. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220162204147707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Sports scientists have been studying the phenomenon involving different types of exercises and their influence on other activities. Stretching exercises have a negative influence on muscular strength and power output, as do high intensity or long duration cardiovascular training. Nevertheless, several studies have found the opposite to be true Nevertheless, few investigations have studied the opposite. Objective: To determine whether high intensity power exercise influences muscular flexibility in an acute manner. Methods: A sample of forty-three male and female young adults aged between 18 and 28 years, with a mean age of 22.88 + 3.04 years, who have practiced physical activity for at least six months. To determine flexibility, the sit-and-reach test was used. For the high intensity training, a 45º leg press was used. A 10-rep movement was performed at 85% of 1 RM, in both pre- and post-tests. Statistic analysis was conducted using the ANOVA and Scheffer's post-hoc tests, with a level of significance for differences of < 0.05. Results: Comparison of the pre- and post-tests proved to be statistically significant from the baseline from the fourth to the seventh repetitions. Conclusion: Strength exercises at 85% of 1RM seem to significantly increase range of motion in an acute manner, and the growth of this range of motion has a dose-effect response.
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Changes in tibialis anterior corticospinal properties after acute prolonged muscle vibration. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1197-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cengiz A. Acute effects of static stretching or whole body vibration on peak torque and peak power of collegiate athletes. Sci Sports 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pope ZK, DeFreitas JM. The effects of acute and prolonged muscle vibration on the function of the muscle spindle’s reflex arc. Somatosens Mot Res 2015; 32:254-61. [DOI: 10.3109/08990220.2015.1091770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary K. Pope
- Applied Musculoskeletal and Human Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Jason M. DeFreitas
- Applied Musculoskeletal and Human Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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35
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Novel insights into skeletal muscle function by mechanomyography: from the laboratory to the field. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-015-0219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pamukoff DN, Ryan ED, Troy Blackburn J. The acute effects of local muscle vibration frequency on peak torque, rate of torque development, and EMG activity. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2014; 24:888-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Jemni M, Mkaouer B, Marina M, Asllani A, Sands WA. Acute Static Vibration-Induced Stretching Enhanced Muscle Viscoelasticity But Did Not Affect Maximal Voluntary Contractions in Footballers. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28:3105-14. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ryan ED, Herda TJ, Costa PB, Herda AA, Cramer JT. Acute effects of passive stretching of the plantarflexor muscles on neuromuscular function: the influence of age. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9672. [PMID: 24981113 PMCID: PMC4150889 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The acute effects of stretching on peak force (Fpeak), percent voluntary activation (%VA), electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, maximum range of motion (MROM), peak passive torque, the passive resistance to stretch, and the percentage of ROM at EMG onset (%EMGonset) were examined in 18 young and 19 old men. Participants performed a MROM assessment and a maximal voluntary contraction of the plantarflexors before and immediately after 20 min of passive stretching. Fpeak (-11 %), %VA (-6 %), and MG EMG amplitude (-9 %) decreased after stretching in the young, but not the old (P > 0.05). Changes in Fpeak were related to reductions in all muscle activation variables (r = 0.56-0.75), but unrelated to changes in the passive resistance to stretch (P ≥ 0.24). Both groups experienced increases in MROM and peak passive torque and decreases in the passive resistance to stretch. However, the old men experienced greater changes in MROM (P < 0.001) and passive resistance (P = 0.02-0.06). Changes in MROM were correlated to increases in peak passive torque (r = 0.717), and the old men also experienced a nonsignificant greater (P = 0.08) increase in peak passive torque. %EMGonset did not change from pre- to post-stretching for both groups (P = 0.213), but occurred earlier in the old (P = 0.06). The stretching-induced impairments in strength and activation in the young but not the old men may suggest that the neural impairments following stretching are gamma-loop-mediated. In addition, the augmented changes in MROM and passive torque and the lack of change in %EMGonset for the old men may be a result of age-related changes in muscle-tendon behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Ryan
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB #8700, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8700, USA,
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Nakamura K, Kodama T, Mukaino Y. Effects of active individual muscle stretching on muscle function. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:341-4. [PMID: 24707080 PMCID: PMC3975999 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We investigated the effect of active individual muscle stretching (AID) on
muscle function. [Subjects] We used the right legs of 40 healthy male students. [Methods]
Subjects were divided into an AID group, which performed stretching, and a control group,
which did not. We examined and compared muscle function before and after stretching in the
AID and control groups using a goniometer and Cybex equipment. [Results] A significant
increase in flexibility and a significant decrease in muscle strength output were observed
in the AID group after the intervention. [Conclusion] These results suggest that AID
induces an increase in flexibility and a temporary decrease in muscle output strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Nakamura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fukuoka Wajiro Rehabilitation College, Japan ; Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Tachibana University, Japan
| | - Yoshito Mukaino
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Japan
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Effects of a Dynamic Warm-Up, Static Stretching or Static Stretching with Tendon Vibration on Vertical Jump Performance and EMG Responses. J Hum Kinet 2013; 39:49-57. [PMID: 24511340 PMCID: PMC3916929 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2013-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of static stretching, with vibration given directly over Achilles tendon, on electro-myographic (EMG) responses and vertical jump (VJ) performances. Fifteen male, college athletes voluntarily participated in this study (n=15; age: 22±4 years old; body height: 181±10 cm; body mass: 74±11 kg). All stages were completed within 90 minutes for each participant. Tendon vibration bouts lasted 30 seconds at 50 Hz for each volunteer. EMG analysis for peripheral silent period, H-reflex, H-reflex threshold, T-reflex and H/M ratio were completed for each experimental phases. EMG data were obtained from the soleus muscle in response to electro stimulation on the popliteal post tibial nerve. As expected, the dynamic warm-up (DW) increased VJ performances (p=0.004). Increased VJ performances after the DW were not statistically substantiated by the EMG findings. In addition, EMG results did not indicate that either static stretching (SS) or tendon vibration combined with static stretching (TVSS) had any detrimental or facilitation effect on vertical jump performances. In conclusion, using TVSS does not seem to facilitate warm-up effects before explosive performance.
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Place N, Blum Y, Armand S, Maffiuletti NA, Behm DG. Effects of a short proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching bout on quadriceps neuromuscular function, flexibility, and vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27:463-70. [PMID: 22505131 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182576ffe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of relatively long bouts of stretching (repeated static stretches of ∼30 seconds) in the warm-up is usually associated with a drop in muscle performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a novel self-administered proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) paradigm with short periods of stretching and contraction on quadriceps neuromuscular function, vertical jump performance, and articular range of motion (ROM). Twelve healthy men (age: 27.7 ± 7.3 years, height: 178.4 ± 10.4 cm, weight: 73.8 ± 16.9 kg) volunteered to participate in a PNF session and a control session separated by 2-7 days. The PNF stretching lasted 2 minutes and consisted of 4 sets of 5-second isometric hamstring contraction immediately followed by 5 seconds of passive static stretch of the quadriceps immediately followed by 5 seconds isometric quadriceps contraction for each leg. For the control session, the participants were asked to walk at a comfortable speed for 2 minutes. Active ROM of knee flexion, vertical jump performance, and quadriceps neuromuscular function were tested before, immediately after, and 15 minutes after the intervention. The PNF stretching procedure did not affect ROM, squat jump, and countermovement jump performances. Accordingly, we did not observe any change in maximal voluntary contraction force, voluntary activation level, M-wave and twitch contractile properties that could be attributed to PNF stretching. The present self-administered PNF stretching of the quadriceps with short (5-second) stretches is not recommended before sports where flexibility is mandatory for performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Place
- Institute of Movement Sciences and Sport Medicine, Medicine Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Time course of changes in passive properties of the gastrocnemius muscle–tendon unit during 5 min of static stretching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:211-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Morais de Oliveira AL, Greco CC, Molina R, Denadai BS. The rate of force development obtained at early contraction phase is not influenced by active static stretching. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:2174-9. [PMID: 21997454 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31823b0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of active static stretching on the maximal isometric muscle strength (maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]) and rate of force development (RFD) determined within time intervals of 30, 50, 100, and 200 milliseconds relative to the onset of muscle contraction. Fifteen men (aged 21.3 ± 2.4 years) were submitted on different days to the following tests: (a) familiarization session to the isokinetic dynamometer; (b) 2 maximal isometric contractions for knee extensors in the isokinetic dynamometer to determine MVC and RFD (control); and (c) 2 active static stretching exercises for the dominant leg extensors (10 × 30 seconds for each exercise with a 20-second rest interval between bouts). After stretching, the isokinetic test was repeated (poststretching). Conditions 2 and 3 were performed in random order. The RFD was considered as the mean slope of the moment-time curve at time intervals of 0-30, 0-50, 0-100; 0-150; and 0200 milliseconds relative to the onset of muscle contraction. The MVC was reduced after stretching (285 ± 59 vs. 271 ± 56 N · m, p < 0.01). The RFD at intervals of 0-30, 0-50, and 0-100 milliseconds was unchanged after stretching (p > 0.05). However, the RFD measured at intervals of 0-150 and 0-200 milliseconds was significantly lower after stretching (p < 0.01). It can be concluded that explosive muscular actions of a very short duration (<100 milliseconds) seem less affected by active static stretching when compared with actions using maximal muscle strength.
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Acute Effects of Passive Stretching on the Electromechanical Delay and Evoked Twitch Properties: A Gender Comparison. J Appl Biomech 2012; 28:645-54. [DOI: 10.1123/jab.28.6.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the acute effects of passive stretching on electromechanical delay (EMD), peak twitch force (PTF), rate of force development (RFD), and peak-to-peak M-wave (PPM) for the soleus muscle during evoked isometric plantar flexion muscle actions. Fourteen men (mean age ± SD = 21.2 ± 2.4 years; body mass = 80.0 ± 14.9 kg; height = 176.9 ± 7.2 cm) and 20 women (20.9 ± 2.5 years; 61.3 ± 8.9 kg; 165.3 ± 7.5 cm) volunteered for the study. Five single-square, supramaximal transcutaneous electrical stimuli (each separated by 5 s) were delivered to the tibial nerve before and after passive stretching. A time × gender interaction was observed for EMD, and the post hoc dependent-samples t tests indicated that EMD increased 4% for the women (p = .023), but not for the men (p = .191). There were no other stretching-related changes for PTF, RFD, or p-p M-wave for either the men or women (p > .05). These findings tentatively suggested that mechanical factors related to the stiffness of the muscle-tendon unit may contribute to the explanation for why stretching caused an acute increase in the EMD during evoked twitches in the women, but not in the men.
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Herda TJ, Herda ND, Costa PB, Walter-Herda AA, Valdez AM, Cramer JT. The effects of dynamic stretching on the passive properties of the muscle-tendon unit. J Sports Sci 2012; 31:479-87. [PMID: 23113555 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.736632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dynamic stretching on the passive biomechanical properties and isometric muscle strength of the knee flexors. Fourteen healthy men (mean ± s: age = 24 ± 3 years) performed passive range of motion assessments and isometric maximal voluntary contractions of the knee flexors at knee joint angles of 35°, 50°, 65°, 80°, and 95° below full knee extension before and after dynamic stretching. In addition, electromyographic amplitude was recorded from the biceps femoris during the maximal voluntary contractions. Passive stiffness and passive resistive torque were measured during pre- and post-dynamic stretching. The dynamic stretching included the participant extending their right leg outwards to the end range motion and pulling their leg back towards the body while seated in the isokinetic dynamometer for four 30-s bouts with 20-s rest between bouts. Passive range of motion increased while passive stiffness and passive resistive torque decreased following dynamic stretching. Peak torque decreased at knee joint angles of 65° and 80° below full extension, while electromyographic amplitude decreased following dynamic stretching. Dynamic stretching resulted in changes to passive stiffness and passive resistive torque that are typically reported following static stretching, however, there were decreases in peak torque at two of the knee joint angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent J Herda
- University of Kansas, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, 1301 Sunnyside Ave, Rm 101BE, Lawrence 66045, USA.
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Lapole T, Deroussen F, Pérot C, Petitjean M. Acute effects of Achilles tendon vibration on soleus and tibialis anterior spinal and cortical excitability. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37:657-63. [DOI: 10.1139/h2012-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged vibration is known to alter muscle performance. Attenuation of Ia afferent efficacy is the main mechanism suggested. However, changes in motor cortex excitability could also be hypothesized. The purpose of the present study was therefore to analyze the acute and outlasting effects of 1 h of Achilles tendon vibration (frequency, 50 Hz) on the soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) neuromuscular excitability. Spinal excitability was investigated by means of H-reflexes and F-waves while cortical excitability was characterized by motor evoked potentials (MEPs) obtained by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Twelve subjects performed the experimental procedures 3 times: at the beginning of the testing session (PRE), immediately after 1 h of Achilles tendon vibration (POST), and 1 h after the end of vibration (POST-1H). Prolonged vibration led to acute reduced H-reflex amplitudes for SOL only (46.9% ± 7.7% vs. 32.8% ± 7%; p = 0.006). Mainly presynaptic inhibition mechanisms were thought to be involved because of unchanged F-wave persistence and amplitude mean values, suggesting unaffected motoneuronal excitability. While no acute effects were reported for SOL and TA cortical excitability, both muscles were characterized by an outlasting increase in their MEP amplitude (0.64 ± 0.2 mV vs. 0.43 ± 0.18 mV and 2.17 ± 0.56 mV vs. 1.26 ± 0.36 mV, respectively; p < 0.05). The high modulation of Ia afferent input by vibration led to changes in motor cortex excitability that could contribute to the enhancement in muscular activation capacities reported after chronic use of tendon vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lapole
- EA 3300 Adaptations Physiologiques à l’Exercice et Réadaptation à l’Effort, UFR STAPS Amiens, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Université de Technologie, Compiègne CNRS UMR 7338, Biomécanique et Bioingénierie, F-60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France
| | - François Deroussen
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Amiens, France
| | - Chantal Pérot
- Université de Technologie, Compiègne CNRS UMR 7338, Biomécanique et Bioingénierie, F-60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France
| | - Michel Petitjean
- EA 2931 Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement, Université Paris Ouest, Nanterre, France
- Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Amiens, France
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Herda TJ, Costa PB, Walter AA, Ryan ED, Cramer JT. The time course of the effects of constant-angle and constant-torque stretching on the muscle-tendon unit. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 24:62-7. [PMID: 22738303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the time course of passive range of motion (PROM), passive torque (PASTQ), and musculo-tendinous stiffness (MTS) responses during constant-angle (CA) and constant-torque (CT) stretching of the leg flexors. Eleven healthy men [mean ± standard deviation (SD): age = 21.5 ± 2.3 years] performed 16 30-s bouts of CA and CT stretching of the leg flexors. PROM, PASTQ , and MTS were measured during stretches 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16. For PROM and PASTQ , there were no differences between CA and CT stretching treatments (P > 0.05); however, there were stretch-related differences (P < 0.001). PROM increased following one 30-s bout of stretching (collapsed across CA and CT stretching) with additional increases up to 8 min of stretching. PASTQ decreased following one 30-s bout of stretching (collapsed across CA and CT stretching) and continued to decrease up to 4 min of stretching. In contrast, only the CT stretching treatment resulted in changes to MTS (P < 0.001). MTS decreased after one 30-s bout of CT stretching, with subsequent decreases in MTS up to 6 min of stretching. These results suggested that CT stretching may be more appropriate than a stretch held at a constant muscle length for decreasing MTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Herda
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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Kay AD, Blazevich AJ. Effect of acute static stretch on maximal muscle performance: a systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 44:154-64. [PMID: 21659901 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318225cb27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The benefits of preexercise muscle stretching have been recently questioned after reports of significant poststretch reductions in force and power production. However, methodological issues and equivocal findings have prevented a clear consensus being reached. As no detailed systematic review exists, the literature describing responses to acute static muscle stretch was comprehensively examined. METHODS MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus, and Zetoc were searched with recursive reference checking. Selection criteria included randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials and intervention-based trials published in peer-reviewed scientific journals examining the effect of an acute static stretch intervention on maximal muscular performance. RESULTS Searches revealed 4559 possible articles; 106 met the inclusion criteria. Study design was often poor because 30% of studies failed to provide appropriate reliability statistics. Clear evidence exists indicating that short-duration acute static stretch (<30 s) has no detrimental effect (pooled estimate = -1.1%), with overwhelming evidence that stretch durations of 30-45 s also imparted no significant effect (pooled estimate = -1.9%). A sigmoidal dose-response effect was evident between stretch duration and both the likelihood and magnitude of significant decrements, with a significant reduction likely to occur with stretches ≥ 60 s. This strong evidence for a dose-response effect was independent of performance task, contraction mode, or muscle group. Studies have only examined changes in eccentric strength when the stretch durations were >60 s, with limited evidence for an effect on eccentric strength. CONCLUSIONS The detrimental effects of static stretch are mainly limited to longer durations (≥ 60 s), which may not be typically used during preexercise routines in clinical, healthy, or athletic populations. Shorter durations of stretch (<60 s) can be performed in a preexercise routine without compromising maximal muscle performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Kay
- Sport Exercise & Life Sciences, The University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom.
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Simic L, Sarabon N, Markovic G. Does pre-exercise static stretching inhibit maximal muscular performance? A meta-analytical review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 23:131-48. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Simic
- Motor Control and Human Performance Laboratory, School of Kinesiology; University of Zagreb; Zagreb; Croatia
| | - N. Sarabon
- Institute for Kinesiology Research; University of Primorska, Science and Research Center; Koper; Slovenia
| | - G. Markovic
- Motor Control and Human Performance Laboratory, School of Kinesiology; University of Zagreb; Zagreb; Croatia
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HERDA TRENTJ, COSTA PABLOB, WALTER ASHLEYA, RYAN ERICD, HOGE KATHERINEM, KERKSICK CHADM, STOUT JEFFREYR, CRAMER JOELT. Effects of Two Modes of Static Stretching on Muscle Strength and Stiffness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43:1777-84. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318215cda9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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