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Roberts BM, Geddis AV, Matheny RW. The dose-response effects of flurbiprofen, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and naproxen on primary skeletal muscle cells. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2302046. [PMID: 38198469 PMCID: PMC10783825 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2302046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, naproxen sodium, and indomethacin are commonly employed for their pain-relieving and inflammation-reducing qualities. NSAIDs work by blocking COX-1 and/or COX-2, enzymes which play roles in inflammation, fever, and pain. The main difference among NSAIDs lies in their affinity to these enzymes, which in turn, influences prostaglandin secretion, and skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. The current study investigated the effects of NSAIDs on human skeletal muscle cells, focusing on myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and muscle protein synthesis signaling. METHODS Using human primary muscle cells, we examined the dose-response impact of flurbiprofen (25-200 µM), indomethacin (25-200 µM), ibuprofen (25-200 µM), and naproxen sodium (25-200 µM), on myoblast viability, myotube area, fusion, and prostaglandin production. RESULTS We found that supraphysiological concentrations of indomethacin inhibited myoblast proliferation (-74 ± 2% with 200 µM; -53 ± 3% with 100 µM; both p < 0.05) compared to control cells and impaired protein synthesis signaling pathways in myotubes, but only attenuated myotube fusion at the highest concentrations (-18 ± 2% with 200 µM, p < 0.05) compared to control myotubes. On the other hand, ibuprofen had no such effects. Naproxen sodium only increased cell proliferation at low concentrations (+36 ± 2% with 25 µM, p < 0.05), and flurbiprofen exhibited divergent impacts depending on the concentration whereby low concentrations improved cell proliferation (+17 ± 1% with 25 µM, p < 0.05) but high concentrations inhibited cell proliferation (-32 ± 1% with 200 µM, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that indomethacin, at high concentrations, may detrimentally affect myoblast proliferation and differentiation via an AKT-dependent mechanism, and thus provide new understanding of NSAIDs' effects on skeletal muscle cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Roberts
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa V. Geddis
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Ronald W. Matheny
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
- Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Detrick, MD, USA
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Russ DW, Sehested C, Banford K, Weisleder NL. Fish Oil Supplement Mitigates Muscle Injury In Vivo and In Vitro: A Preliminary Report. Nutrients 2024; 16:3511. [PMID: 39458505 PMCID: PMC11510179 DOI: 10.3390/nu16203511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Following injury, older adults exhibit slow recovery of muscle function. Age-related impairment of sarcolemmal membrane repair may contribute to myocyte death, increasing the need for myogenesis and prolonging recovery. Dietary fish oil (FO) is a common nutritional supplement that may alter plasma membrane composition to enhance the response to membrane injury. Methods: We assessed effects of an 8-week dietary intervention on muscle contractile recovery in aged (22 mo.) rats on control (n = 5) or FO (control + 33 g/kg FO (45% eicosapentaenoic acid; 10% docosahexaenoic acid); n = 5) diets 1-week after contusion injury, as well as adult (8 mo., n = 8) rats on the control diet. Results: Recovery was reduced in aged rats on the control diet vs. adults (63 vs. 80%; p = 0.042), while those on the FO diet recovered similarly to (78%) adults. To directly assess sarcolemma injury, C2C12 cells were cultured in media with and without FO (1, 10, and 100 μg/mL; 24 or 48 h) and injured with an infrared laser in medium containing FM4-64 dye as a marker of sarcolemmal injury. FO reduced the area under the FM4-64 fluorescence-time curve at all concentrations after both 24 and 48 h supplementation. Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest FO might aid recovery of muscle function following injury in older adults by enhancing membrane resealing and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Russ
- School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Courtney Sehested
- School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Kassidy Banford
- Department of Physiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Noah L. Weisleder
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 South Limestone Street, BBSRB 143, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
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3
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Lev R, Bar-Am O, Saar G, Guardiola O, Minchiotti G, Peled E, Seliktar D. Development of a local controlled release system for therapeutic proteins in the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries and diseases. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:470. [PMID: 38956034 PMCID: PMC11219926 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to develop and characterize a controlled-release delivery system for protein therapeutics in skeletal muscle regeneration following an acute injury. The therapeutic protein, a membrane-GPI anchored protein called Cripto, was immobilized in an injectable hydrogel delivery vehicle for local administration and sustained release. The hydrogel was made of poly(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen (PEG-Fibrinogen, PF), in the form of injectable microspheres. The PF microspheres exhibited a spherical morphology with an average diameter of approximately 100 micrometers, and the Cripto protein was uniformly entrapped within them. The release rate of Cripto from the PF microspheres was controlled by tuning the crosslinking density of the hydrogel, which was varied by changing the concentration of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) crosslinker. In vitro experiments confirmed a sustained-release profile of Cripto from the PF microspheres for up to 27 days. The released Cripto was biologically active and promoted the in vitro proliferation of mouse myoblasts. The therapeutic effect of PF-mediated delivery of Cripto in vivo was tested in a cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury model in mice. The Cripto caused an increase in the in vivo expression of the myogenic markers Pax7, the differentiation makers eMHC and Desmin, higher numbers of centro-nucleated myofibers and greater areas of regenerated muscle tissue. Collectively, these results establish the PF microspheres as a potential delivery system for the localized, sustained release of therapeutic proteins toward the accelerated repair of damaged muscle tissue following acute injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lev
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Orit Bar-Am
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galit Saar
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ombretta Guardiola
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Eli Peled
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Rosenbloom C, Okholm Kryger K, Carmody S, Broman D. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in football - a "Keeping SCORE" approach to judicious use. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024; 8:1-5. [PMID: 36271815 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2022.2140189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in elite sport is high, with football being no exception. Increased awareness of significant adverse drug reactions from published research and retired players commentary in the media have made the topic mainstream. Despite this increased awareness, usage rates show no sign of significantly reducing. Footballers, like all elite athletes are focused on maximising their performance and potential - even at the expense of their long-term health. An educational intervention prior to the 2010 FIFA Men's World Cup aimed at reducing rates was ineffective, suggesting that education alone is not the answer. Our author group propose a 'safer use' rather than 'no use' of NSAIDs in football. A 'Keeping SCORE' approach is suggested, designed as a prescribing aid. The approach guides medical staff towards focusing on Safety checks, Clinical indication/judgement, Open dialogue, Recording, and Evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Rosenbloom
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Department, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Medical Department, Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, London, UK
- The Football Association, Technical Directorate, Burton-upon-Trent, UK
| | - Katrine Okholm Kryger
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Department, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University Twickenham, Twickenham, UK
| | - Sean Carmody
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Broman
- The Football Association, Technical Directorate, Burton-upon-Trent, UK
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Scaturro D, de Sire A, Vitagliani F, Lo Nardo D, Tomasello S, Ammendolia A, Letizia Mauro G. Effectiveness of cryo plus ultrasound therapy versus diathermy in combination with high-intensity laser therapy for pain relief in footballers with muscle injuries: A prospective study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024; 37:771-780. [PMID: 38160343 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-230265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle injuries are common traumatic events in the clinical practice of the rehabilitation field. There is still a gap in the scientific literature on the effectiveness of physical agent modalities in the management of muscle injuries in athletes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cryo plus ultrasound therapy com-pared to diathermy in combination with high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) for pain relief in professional footballers with muscle injuries. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 31 professional footballers with a muscle injury of the lower limbs. Of these, 17 patients, assigned to a Group A (AG), were treated with HILT and cryoultrasound therapy; the remaining 14 patients, assigned to a Group B (BG), underwent HILT and diathermy. We assessed the extent of the pain, the size of the muscle injury, frequency of recurrence and number of days to recovery, at the time of recruitment, at the end of the rehabilitation and 3 months after the injury. RESULTS Group A athletes had a greater benefit on pain (4.65 ± 0.61 vs 3.24 ± 0.63; p< 0.05) and muscle injury recurrence. The return to play in the athletes of group A took place 4.73 days earlier. CONCLUSION HILT and cryo plus ultrasound therapy, in combination with therapeutic exercise, rep-resent a valid strategy in the treatment of muscle injuries in professional footballers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Scaturro
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro de Sire
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, MusculoSkeletalHealth@UMG, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabio Vitagliani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Lo Nardo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sofia Tomasello
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Ammendolia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, MusculoSkeletalHealth@UMG, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Letizia Mauro
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Yang C, Han B, Wang S. Sodium salicylate ameliorates exercise-induced muscle damage in mice by inhibiting NF-kB signaling. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:967. [PMID: 38098039 PMCID: PMC10722820 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eccentric muscle contraction can cause muscle damage, which reduces the efficiency of exercise. Previous evidence suggested that Sodium salicylate (SS) could improve the repair of aged muscle. This study intends to investigate whether SS can impact skeletal muscle damage caused by eccentric exercise. METHODS Eccentric treadmill exercise was performed to induce muscle damage in mice. Plasma levels of muscle damage markers were estimated. RT-qPCR was employed for detecting mRNA levels of proinflammatory mediators in murine gastrocnemius muscle. Immunofluorescence staining of laminin/DAPI was utilized for quantifying centrally nucleated myofibers in the gastrocnemius muscle. Western blotting was implemented to examine protein levels of mitsugumin 53 (MG53), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9, and NF-κB signaling-related markers. RESULTS SS administration reduced muscle damage marker production in the plasma and decreased the levels of proinflammatory mediators, MG53 and MMP-2/9 in mice after exercise. SS alleviated the severity of muscle damage in the gastrocnemius of mice after eccentric exercise. SS blocked NF-κB signaling pathway in the gastrocnemius muscle. CONCLUSION SS administration ameliorates skeletal muscle damage caused by eccentric exercise in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- Department of Sports, Northeastern University, Lane 3, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110819, China.
| | - Yuning Sun
- Department of Sports, Northeastern University, Lane 3, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110819, China
| | - Chunhui Yang
- Department of Sports, Northeastern University, Lane 3, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110819, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Sports, Northeastern University, Lane 3, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110819, China
| | - Sining Wang
- Department of General, Huanggu District People's Government Office, Shenyang City, 110032, China
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Nudo S, Jimenez-Garcia JA, Dover G. Efficacy of topical versus oral analgesic medication compared to a placebo in injured athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1884-1900. [PMID: 37278322 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletes are injured frequently and often take analgesic medication. Moreover, athletes commonly use non-prescription topical and oral medications with little guidance. Despite wide use, relatively few studies exist on the efficacy of pain medication in injured athletes compared to a placebo. OBJECTIVE To determine efficacy of topical or oral medications in pain reduction compared to a placebo in injured athletes. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted an electronic search using Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Ovid, and SportDiscus for all literature relating to topical or oral medications in athletes for pain management post-injury. Two reviewers screened the studies and measured their quality. To determine efficacy, we calculated the Hedges' g value. We created forest plots with 95% CI to graphically summarize the meta-analyses. RESULTS There was a significant pooled effect size reflecting a reduction in pain outcomes for the topical treatment versus placebo (g = -0.64; 95% CI [-0.89, -0.39]; p < 0.001). There was not a significant reduction in pain outcomes for the oral treatment versus placebo (g = -0.26; 95% CI [-0.60, 0.17]; p = 0.272). CONCLUSION Topical medications were significantly better at reducing pain compared to oral medications versus a placebo in injured athletes. These results are different when compared to other studies that used experimentally induced pain versus musculoskeletal injuries. The results from our study suggest that athletes should use topical medications for pain reduction, as it is more effective, and there are less reported adverse effects compared to oral medication.
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Davies E, McConn-Palfreyman W, Parker JK, Cameron LJ, Williams JM. Is Injury an Occupational Hazard for Horseracing Staff? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042054. [PMID: 35206242 PMCID: PMC8871636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Occupational health is a key priority for the horseracing industry, yet little research on occupational injuries exists. This study investigated the prevalence and the effect of injury in British horseracing staff during a 12-month period. An online retrospective survey was answered by 352 participants, identifying self-reported injury prevalence, injury management practices and attitudes towards workplace injury reporting. Chi Squared tests for independence were undertaken. A total of 310 (88.1%) staff reported injuries; risk factors for injury type included self-perceived job security, working hours, and perceived job control. Physical limitations, loss of confidence, workplace changes, and lifestyle implications were reported as consequences of injury. A total of 75.3% (n = 134) of staff were likely to seek time-off following fractures, but only 48.6% (n = 86) would take time-off for concussion. Attitudes towards injury management were influenced by financial circumstances, perceived staff shortages, previous injury experiences, and perceived employer expectations. The high self-reported injury prevalence could result in decreased workforce efficiency, poor physical health, and negative implications on retention and career longevity. The perception of invisible injuries, i.e., concussion, and subsequent management, should be of immediate concern to racing organizations. This paper identifies recommendations to enhance the safety and wellbeing of horseracing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Davies
- Equestrian Performance Research Centre, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK; (L.J.C.); (J.M.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - John K. Parker
- Sport and Exercise Research Centre, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK;
| | - Lorna J. Cameron
- Equestrian Performance Research Centre, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK; (L.J.C.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Jane M. Williams
- Equestrian Performance Research Centre, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK; (L.J.C.); (J.M.W.)
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Bourdier P, Birat A, Rochette E, Doré É, Courteix D, Dutheil F, Pereira B, Ratel S, Merlin E, Duché P. Muscle function and architecture in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:280-287. [PMID: 32420673 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess muscle function and functional abilities in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS Fourteen children with JIA and 14 healthy controls matched for age and sex were included. Muscle characteristics, both structural (thickness, cross-sectional area (CSA) and fascicle angle) and qualitative (intermuscular adipose tissue; IMAT), were assessed in thigh muscles using ultrasound and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Muscle function and functional abilities were determined from the assessment of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) knee extensors force and vertical jump performance. RESULTS No significant difference in MVIC force was observed between the two groups. However, squat jump height was significantly reduced in children with JIA (18.3 ± 5.4 vs 24.3 ± 7.9 cm, P < .05). No differences in structural parameters were observed, but IMAT/CSA (0.22 ± 0.02 vs 0.25 ± 0.03; P = .01) was significantly lower in children with JIA than in healthy children. CONCLUSION Knee extensor muscle architecture and force were comparable between children with and without JIA, but functional abilities (vertical jump performance) were poorer in JIA. The lower IMAT area in JIA could result from a lower physical activity level compared with healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bourdier
- Laboratoire AME2P Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Anthony Birat
- Laboratoire AME2P Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Emmanuelle Rochette
- INSERM, CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Laboratoire IAPS Université de Toulon Toulon France
| | - Éric Doré
- Laboratoire AME2P Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Laboratoire AME2P Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- CNRS Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LaPSCo) UCA‐CNRS 6024, CHU Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont–Ferrand France
- Faculty of Health School of Exercise Science Australian Catholic University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | | | - Sébastien Ratel
- Laboratoire AME2P Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Etienne Merlin
- INSERM, CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
- INRA, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Laboratoire AME2P Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Laboratoire IAPS Université de Toulon Toulon France
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Dalle S, Poffé C, Hiroux C, Suhr F, Deldicque L, Koppo K. Ibuprofen does not impair skeletal muscle regeneration upon cardiotoxin-induced injury. Physiol Res 2020; 69:847-859. [PMID: 32901495 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is regulated through interaction between muscle and immune cells. Studies showed that treatment with supra-physiological doses of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) abolished inflammatory signaling and impaired muscle recovery. The present study examines the effects of pharmacologically-relevant NSAID treatment on muscle regeneration. C57BL/6 mice were injected in the tibialis anterior (TA) with either PBS or cardiotoxin (CTX). CTX-injected mice received ibuprofen (CTX-IBU) or were untreated (CTX-PLAC). After 2 days, Il-1beta and Il-6 expression was upregulated in the TA of CTX-IBU and CTX-PL vs. PBS. However, Cox-2 expression and macrophage infiltration were higher in CTX-PL vs. PBS, but not in CTX-IBU. At the same time, anabolic markers were higher in CTX-IBU vs. PBS, but not in CTX-PL. Nevertheless, ibuprofen did not affect muscle mass or muscle fiber regeneration. In conclusion, mild ibuprofen doses did not worsen muscle regeneration. There were even signs of a transient improvement in anabolic signaling and attenuation of inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dalle
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Kazemi-Darabadi S, Nayebzadeh R, Shahbazfar AA, Kazemi-Darabadi F, Fathi E. Curcumin and Nanocurcumin Oral Supplementation Improve Muscle Healing in a Rat Model of Surgical Muscle Laceration. Bull Emerg Trauma 2019; 7:292-299. [PMID: 31392230 PMCID: PMC6681885 DOI: 10.29252/beat-0703013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of curcumin and nanocurcumin oral supplementation on the muscle healing rate of an animal model of surgical muscle laceration. METHODS Thirty-two male adult rats were randomly divided into sham, control, curcumin, and nanocurcumin groups. Partial transection of the gastrocnemius muscle was made in the right limb of the control and treatment groups. The sham and control groups received normal saline, curcumin group received 500 mg/kg of curcumin and nanocurcumin group received 100 mg curcumin-loaded nanomicelles orally every day. They euthanized two weeks later and the specimens were stained by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome methods. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were measured in blood samples. RESULTS The percentage of collagen fibers in the nanocurcumin group was significantly lesser than the control and curcumin groups (p<0.001). Muscle fiber regeneration in the treatment groups was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.001). The blood vessels of the nanocurcumin group were significantly more than other groups (p<0.001). Plasma AST had a significant difference in the control group compared to the sham and nanocurcumin groups (p=0.026). The plasma CPK level of the control group was also significantly higher than other groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, although oral curcumin supplementation has little effects because of its poor bioavailability, embedding it in nanoparticles could enhance its systemic effects in promoting the muscle healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Kazemi-Darabadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Nayebzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Shahbazfar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faranak Kazemi-Darabadi
- Emergency Department, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Chen Y, Buggy C, Kelly S. Winning at all costs: a review of risk-taking behaviour and sporting injury from an occupational safety and health perspective. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2019; 5:15. [PMID: 31049736 PMCID: PMC6497707 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-019-0189-9#citeas] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Professional athletes involved in high-performance sport are at a high injury risk, which may lead to long-term health consequences. Professional athletes often expose themselves to risky behaviours, resulting in a higher acceptance level of occupational risk compared to other occupations. To date, many studies have focused on elite athletes' specific injury prevention techniques. The objective of this narrative review is to (1) summarise elite athletes' attitudes towards important occupational safety and health (OSH) practices, including injury reporting, medicine usage and personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, and (2) explore factors that may influence elite athletes' injury awareness. If injury awareness were given a similar weighting in elite sports as in any other highly physical occupation, the potential benefits to elite athletes and their long-term health could be highly significant. This review identifies that most elite athletes are not aware that sporting injuries are occupational injuries requiring behaviours determined by OSH rules. All the 39 studies identified met the moderate methodological quality criteria according to the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The factors impeding athletes' injury awareness from achieving occupational health standards are discussed from three safety management perspectives: organisational, societal and individual. This review contributes to a better understanding of how to build a positive safety culture, one that could reduce elite athletes' injury rate and improve their long-term wellbeing. Further research is required to develop a quantitative measurement instrument to evaluate occupational health awareness in the sport context. Based on the papers reviewed, the study population was categorised as elite, professional, high-performance amateur and student-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Chen
- Institute of Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Buggy
- Centre for Safety and Health at Work, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus Kelly
- Institute of Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Chen Y, Buggy C, Kelly S. Winning at all costs: a review of risk-taking behaviour and sporting injury from an occupational safety and health perspective. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2019; 5:15. [PMID: 31049736 PMCID: PMC6497707 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-019-0189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Professional athletes involved in high-performance sport are at a high injury risk, which may lead to long-term health consequences. Professional athletes often expose themselves to risky behaviours, resulting in a higher acceptance level of occupational risk compared to other occupations. To date, many studies have focused on elite athletes' specific injury prevention techniques. The objective of this narrative review is to (1) summarise elite athletes' attitudes towards important occupational safety and health (OSH) practices, including injury reporting, medicine usage and personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, and (2) explore factors that may influence elite athletes' injury awareness. If injury awareness were given a similar weighting in elite sports as in any other highly physical occupation, the potential benefits to elite athletes and their long-term health could be highly significant. This review identifies that most elite athletes are not aware that sporting injuries are occupational injuries requiring behaviours determined by OSH rules. All the 39 studies identified met the moderate methodological quality criteria according to the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The factors impeding athletes' injury awareness from achieving occupational health standards are discussed from three safety management perspectives: organisational, societal and individual. This review contributes to a better understanding of how to build a positive safety culture, one that could reduce elite athletes' injury rate and improve their long-term wellbeing. Further research is required to develop a quantitative measurement instrument to evaluate occupational health awareness in the sport context. Based on the papers reviewed, the study population was categorised as elite, professional, high-performance amateur and student-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Chen
- Institute of Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Buggy
- Centre for Safety and Health at Work, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus Kelly
- Institute of Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Constantinescu DS, Campbell MP, Moatshe G, Vap AR. Effects of Perioperative Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Administration on Soft Tissue Healing: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes After Sports Medicine Orthopaedic Surgery Procedures. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967119838873. [PMID: 31019986 PMCID: PMC6469280 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119838873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of perioperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on
soft tissue healing in humans have yet to be established. Purpose: To systematically review the literature addressing the effects of
perioperative NSAID administration on soft tissue healing and clinical
patient outcomes. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This review study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. A
review of the literature regarding the existing evidence for clinical
effects of NSAID use on soft tissue healing was performed through use of the
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of
Controlled Trials, PubMed (1980 to present), and MEDLINE. Inclusion criteria
for articles were as follows: outcome studies after soft tissue (ligament,
meniscus, tendon, muscle) healing after surgical procedure with
perioperative NSAID administration, at least 1 year of follow-up, English
language, and human participants. Results: A total of 466 studies were initially retrieved, with 4 studies satisfying
all inclusion criteria. Among the surgical procedures reported, 93% of the
patients (4144/4451) underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
reconstruction, 3% (120/4451) underwent rotator cuff repair, 3% (155/4451)
underwent Bankart shoulder repair, and 1% (32/4451) underwent meniscal
repair. The reported surgical failure rate among patients administered
NSAIDs was 3.6% (157/4360). The reported surgical failure rate among control
participants not given NSAIDs was 3.7% (147/3996). NSAID use showed no
statistically significant effect on need for reoperation in meniscal repair
(P = .99), ACL reconstruction (P =
.8), and Bankart repair (P = .8) compared with no NSAID
administration. Celecoxib administration had a significantly higher rate of
retear (37%) after rotator cuff repair compared with ibuprofen (7%)
(P = .009). Conclusion: Insufficient data are available to definitively state the effects of
perioperative NSAIDs on soft tissue healing. Use of NSAIDs should be
considered on a case-by-case basis and may not affect healing rates
following either meniscal, ACL, rotator cuff, or Bankart repair. However,
celecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) may inhibit tendon-to-bone healing
in rotator cuff repair. Further research through clinical trials is required
to fully determine whether NSAIDs have an adverse effect on soft tissue
healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Constantinescu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael P Campbell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Alexander R Vap
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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15
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Russ DW, Garvey SM, Densmore C, Hawks T, Herman S, Pardi K. Effect of acute muscle contusion injury, with and without dietary fish oil, on adult and aged male rats: contractile and biochemical responses. Exp Gerontol 2018; 111:241-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Lundberg TR, Howatson G. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs in sports: Implications for exercise performance and training adaptations. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:2252-2262. [PMID: 30102811 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over-the-counter analgesics, such as anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol, are widely consumed by athletes worldwide to increase pain tolerance, or dampen pain and reduce inflammation from injuries. Given that these drugs also can modulate tissue protein turnover, it is important to scrutinize the implications of acute and chronic use of these drugs in relation to exercise performance and the development of long-term training adaptations. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the studies investigating the effects of analgesic drugs on exercise performance and training adaptations relevant for athletic development. There is emerging evidence that paracetamol might acutely improve important endurance parameters as well as aspects of neuromuscular performance, possibly through increased pain tolerance. Both NSAIDs and paracetamol have been demonstrated to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, which might explain the reduced anabolic response to acute exercise bouts. Consistent with this, NSAIDs have been reported to interfere with muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in response to chronic resistance training in young individuals. Although it remains to be established whether any of these observations also translate into detriments in sport-specific performance or reduced training adaptations in elite athletes, the extensive use of these drugs certainly raises practical, ethical, and important safety concerns that need to be addressed. Overall, we encourage greater awareness among athletes, coaches, and support staff on the potential adverse effects of these drugs. A risk-benefit analysis and professional guidance are strongly advised before the athlete considers analgesic medicine for training or competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy R Lundberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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17
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Srikuea R, Suhatcho K. Impact of intramuscular administration of lipid-soluble and water-soluble vehicles into regenerating muscle at the distinct phases of skeletal muscle regeneration. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:647-661. [PMID: 29134575 PMCID: PMC10717534 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interpretation on the effectiveness of potential substances to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration is difficult if an inappropriate vehicle is administered, since vehicle administration can directly enhance or suppress regenerative capacity. In the current study, intramuscular administration of lipid-soluble and water-soluble vehicles into regenerating muscle at the distinct phases of skeletal muscle regeneration (regenerative vs. remodeling) were investigated. Tested vehicles included lipid-soluble [olive oil, (0.1, 1, 5, and 40%) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 40% propylene glycol (PG)] and water-soluble [0.9% NaCl, PBS, 0.1% ethanol, and distilled water]. Skeletal muscle regeneration was induced by 1.2% BaCl2 injection to the tibialis anterior muscle of 10-week-old C57BL/6 male mice. Histological features, skeletal muscle stem cell activity, regenerating muscle fiber formation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and macrophage infiltration were examined. The results revealed repeated administration of 40% DMSO and 40% PG causes significant recurrent muscle injury, which is pronounced during the remodeling phase compared to the regenerative phase. These findings were supported by (1) massive infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages; (2) significant increase of skeletal muscle stem cell re-activation and nascent regenerating muscle fiber formation; (3) excess fibrous formation; and (4) decreased regenerating muscle fiber cross-sectional area. These deleterious effects were comparable to 2% trypsin (degenerative substance) administration and less pronounced with a single administration. Nevertheless, recurrent muscle injury was still presented with 5% DMSO administration but it can be alleviated when 0.1% DMSO was administered during the remodeling phase. In contrast, none of the tested vehicles enhanced regenerative capacity compared with IGF-1 administration. Altogether, intramuscular administration of vehicle containing high concentration of DMSO or PG could impair skeletal muscle regenerative capacity and potentially affect validation of the investigational substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchakrit Srikuea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kanokwan Suhatcho
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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18
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McKenzie E. Current status of myopathies affecting athletic horses. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/cep170005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Muscular disorders rank among the most prevalent problems of horses competing in a broad variety of athletic disciplines, including track racing, dressage, endurance racing and Western riding disciplines. As described in this review, active scientific investigation is continuing to elucidate the different mechanisms underlying specific muscular disorders in horses, and is discovering and defining new disorders, and new methods of diagnosis, treatment and management. The flourishing field of equine rehabilitation and regenerative medicine is also driving the progressive application of a variety of modalities to the treatment and management of musculoskeletal conditions in horses. However, it is essential that this be accompanied by appropriate scientific investigation to verify the efficacy of recommended modalities and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. McKenzie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 227 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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19
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Bryant AE, Aldape MJ, Bayer CR, Katahira EJ, Bond L, Nicora CD, Fillmore TL, Clauss TRW, Metz TO, Webb-Robertson BJ, Stevens DL. Effects of delayed NSAID administration after experimental eccentric contraction injury - A cellular and proteomics study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172486. [PMID: 28245256 PMCID: PMC5330483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute muscle injuries are exceedingly common and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely consumed to reduce the associated inflammation, swelling and pain that peak 1-2 days post-injury. While prophylactic use or early administration of NSAIDs has been shown to delay muscle regeneration and contribute to loss of muscle strength after healing, little is known about the effects of delayed NSAID use. Further, NSAID use following non-penetrating injury has been associated with increased risk and severity of infection, including that due to group A streptococcus, though the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of delayed NSAID administration on muscle repair and sought mechanisms supporting an injury/NSAID/infection axis. METHODS A murine model of eccentric contraction (EC)-induced injury of the tibialis anterior muscle was used to profile the cellular and molecular changes induced by ketorolac tromethamine administered 47 hr post injury. RESULTS NSAID administration inhibited several important muscle regeneration processes and down-regulated multiple cytoprotective proteins known to inhibit the intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death. These activities were associated with increased caspase activity in injured muscles but were independent of any NSAID effect on macrophage influx or phenotype switching. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new molecular evidence supporting the notion that NSAIDs have a direct negative influence on muscle repair after acute strain injury in mice and thus add to renewed concern about the safety and benefits of NSAIDS in both children and adults, in those with progressive loss of muscle mass such as the elderly or patients with cancer or AIDS, and those at risk of secondary infection after trauma or surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Bryant
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Aldape
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
- Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, ID, United States of America
| | - Clifford R. Bayer
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Eva J. Katahira
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Laura Bond
- Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Fillmore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas O. Metz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Dennis L. Stevens
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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20
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Abstract
Eccentric-contraction-induced skeletal muscle injuries, included in what is clinically referred to as muscle strains, are among the most common injuries treated in the sports medicine setting. Although patients with mild injuries often fully recover to their preinjury levels, patients who suffer moderate or severe injuries can have a persistent weakness and loss of function that is refractory to rehabilitation exercises and currently available therapeutic interventions. The objectives of this review were to describe the fundamental biophysics of force transmission in muscle and the mechanism of muscle-strain injuries, as well as the cellular and molecular processes that underlie the repair and regeneration of injured muscle tissue. The review also summarizes how commonly used therapeutic modalities affect muscle regeneration and opportunities to further improve our treatment of skeletal muscle strain injuries.
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21
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Prien A, Mountjoy M, Miller J, Boyd K, van den Hoogenband C, Gerrard D, Cherif MY, Lu Y, Nanousis K, Ortiz Liscano EI, Shahpar FM, Junge A. Injury and illness in aquatic sport: how high is the risk? A comparison of results from three FINA World Championships. Br J Sports Med 2016; 51:277-282. [PMID: 27313172 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological information on injury/illness is required to develop effective injury prevention strategies. AIM To assess the frequency and characteristics of injuries/illnesses (1) in the 4 weeks prior to and (2) during the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) World Championships 2015 compared with 2013 and 2009. METHOD (1) Athletes answered a retrospective questionnaire, and (2) the medical staff reported injuries/illnesses prospectively during the championships. RESULTS (1) A quarter of responding athletes reported symptoms in the 4 weeks prior to the championships. More than half of all affected athletes presented with substantial severity, 80% took medication, 70% had overuse injuries and 30% did not modify their training regime despite symptoms. At the start of the championships, 70% of affected participants were still symptomatic. (2) During the championships, injury and illness incidence was 12.9 per 100 athletes. The most common injuries were shoulder sprains (5.7%) and muscle cramps of the lower back (5.7%). The most common illnesses were infections of the respiratory (33.9%) and gastrointestinal tract (23.5%). Risk factors included discipline and age, but not gender. Incidence was highest in athletes competing in high diving (HD), water polo (WP) and diving (DIV) for injuries, and WP and swimming (SW) for illnesses. The significantly higher incidence of injuries and illnesses at the FINA World Championships 2015 compared with 2013 and 2009 was most probably due to a similarly improved response rate of the medical staff. CONCLUSIONS In aquatic sports, surveillance and health promotion should focus on prevention of out-of-competition overuse injuries and athlete education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Department of Family Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland.,International Olympic Committee (IOC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jim Miller
- Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Medicine Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kevin Boyd
- Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cees van den Hoogenband
- Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gerrard
- Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Yahia Cherif
- Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yifan Lu
- Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyriakos Nanousis
- Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Farhad Moradi Shahpar
- Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Junge
- Medical School Hamburg (MSH), Hamburg, Germany.,FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC), Zurich, Switzerland.,Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Fernandez-Jaén TF, Rey GÁ, Cuesta JA, Loureda RA, España FÁ, Matas RB, Pazos FB, de Dios Beas Jiménez J, Rosell JC, Fernandez CC, Ros FE, Colmenero JE, de Prado JF, Cota JJG, González JIG, Santander MG, Munilla MÁH, Ruiz FI, Díaz FJ, Marqueta PM, Fernandez AM, Benito JJM, Vilás RO, Teres XP, Amaro JP, Roque JPS, Parenteu CR, Serna JR, Álvarez MS, Marchori CS, Soto MDV, Alonso JMV, García PG, de la Iglesia NH, Alcorocho JML. Spanish Consensus Statement: The Treatment of Muscle Tears in Sport. Orthop J Sports Med 2016; 3:2325967115622434. [PMID: 27213161 PMCID: PMC4710119 DOI: 10.1177/2325967115622434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
On the 21st of March, 2015, experts met at Clínica CEMTRO in Madrid, Spain, under the patronage of The Spanish Society for Sports Traumatology (SETRADE), The Spanish Federation of Sports Medicine (FEMEDE), The Spanish Association of Medical Services for Football Clubs (AEMEF), and The Spanish Association of Medical Services for Basketball Clubs (AEMB) with the aim of establishing a round table that would allow specialists to consider the most appropriate current general actions to be taken when treating muscle tears in sport, based on proven scientific data described in the medical literature. Each expert received a questionnaire prior to the aforementioned meeting comprising a set of questions concerning therapeutic indications generally applied in the different stages present during muscle repair. The present Consensus Document is the result of the answers to the questionnaire and resulting discussion and consensus over which are the best current indications in the treatment of muscle tears in sport. Avoiding immobilization, not taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) randomly, fostering early mobilization, increasing vascularization of injured, site and regulating inflammatory mechanisms—without inhibiting these from the early stages of the recovery period—all stood out as main points of the Consensus Document. Additionally, there is controversy concerning cell stimulation techniques and the use of growth factors or cell inhibitors. The decision concerning discharge was unanimous, as was the criteria considered when it came to performing sport techniques without pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas F Fernandez-Jaén
- Chief of Sports Medicine and Trauma Unit, Head of Research and Education, Clínica CEMTRO, Madrid, Spain; Spanish School of Sports Traumatology Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain, SETRADE Secretary
| | | | - Jordi Ardevol Cuesta
- SETRADE 1st Vice President; Chief of Surgery Unit, Hospital ASEPEYO Sant Cugat, Clínica Diagonal Trauma Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Ávila España
- Member of the Medical Commission for The International Volleyball Federation, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramón Balius Matas
- Consell Català de l'Esport, Generalitat de Cataluña, Clínica Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Baró Pazos
- President of SETRADE; Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma Service, Traumatology Clinic, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Beas Jiménez
- Chief of Sports Medicine Unit, Sport Medicine Center for Andalusia, Sevilla, Spain. Coeditor, Andalusian Journal of Sports Medicine
| | | | | | - Francisco Esparza Ros
- ISAK Secretary General; Masters Course in Sports Traumatology Course Director, Murcia Catholic University, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan José García Cota
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma Ward at Hospital Miguel Domínguez, Pontevedra, Spain; Head of The Spain National Football Team and Real Club Celta de Vigo Football Team Medical Services, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Manuela González Santander
- Imaging and Postural Dynamics Ward, National Sport Medicine Center, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Ivorra Ruiz
- Mutua Asepeyo, Alicante, Spain; Emergency Ward, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Jiménez Díaz
- School of Sports Science, Castilla la Mancha University, Toledo, Spain; Echography MSK International Chair Director, Murcia Catholic University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Manonelles Marqueta
- President of Spanish Federation for Sports Medicine, Spain; Chair Director of International Sport Medicine, Murcia Catholic University, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Juan José Muñoz Benito
- Chief of Spanish Handball Federation Medical Services, Madrid, Spain; Member of Spanish Olympic Committee medical commission, Madrid, Spain; Member of the International Handball Federation
| | - Ramón Olivé Vilás
- Chief of Sports Medicine Ward, Consorcio Sanitario Terrassa - CAR Sant Cugat, Catalunya International University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Peirau Teres
- President, The Spanish Association for Football Clubs Medical Services (AEMEF); School of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Lleida University, Lleida, Spain
| | - José Peña Amaro
- Department of Morphological Sciences (Histology Section), School of Medicine and Nursing, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Christophe Ramírez Parenteu
- Medical Director, Real Federación Española de Atletismo, Madrid, Spain; Medical Director, Clínica Dr. Sanz Vázquez, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Juan Ribas Serna
- Chair, Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Seville. Seville, Spain
| | - Mikel Sánchez Álvarez
- Chief, Arthroscopy Surgery Unit Trauma Ward, Hospital San Jose Vithas, Vitoria-Gastéis, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Del Valle Soto
- Director, School of Sports Medicine, Oviedo, Spain; Professor, Oviedo University, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Guillen García
- Chair, Sports Traumatology, Catholic University of Murcia. Murcia, Spain; President of Clínica CEMTRO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas Hugo de la Iglesia
- Assistant Physician, Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma Ward, Dr Jose Penna Hospital, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
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Mackey AL, Rasmussen LK, Kadi F, Schjerling P, Helmark IC, Ponsot E, Aagaard P, Durigan JLQ, Kjaer M. Activation of satellite cells and the regeneration of human skeletal muscle are expedited by ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication. FASEB J 2016; 30:2266-81. [PMID: 26936358 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500198r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With this study we investigated the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in human skeletal muscle regeneration. Young men ingested NSAID [1200 mg/d ibuprofen (IBU)] or placebo (PLA) daily for 2 wk before and 4 wk after an electrical stimulation-induced injury to the leg extensor muscles of one leg. Muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis muscles before and after stimulation (2.5 h and 2, 7, and 30 d) and were assessed for satellite cells and regeneration by immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR, and we also measured telomere length. After injury, and compared with PLA, IBU was found to augment the proportion of ActiveNotch1(+) satellite cells at 2 d [IBU, 29 ± 3% vs. PLA, 19 ± 2% (means ± sem)], satellite cell content at 7 d [IBU, 0.16 ± 0.01 vs. PLA, 0.12 ± 0.01 (Pax7(+) cells/fiber)], and to expedite muscle repair at 30 d. The PLA group displayed a greater proportion of embryonic myosin(+) fibers and a residual ∼2-fold increase in mRNA levels of matrix proteins (all P < 0.05). Endomysial collagen was also elevated with PLA at 30 d. Minimum telomere length shortening was not observed. In conclusion, ingestion of NSAID has a potentiating effect on Notch activation of satellite cells and muscle remodeling during large-scale regeneration of injured human skeletal muscle.-Mackey, A. L., Rasmussen, L. K., Kadi, F., Schjerling, P., Helmark, I. C., Ponsot, E., Aagaard, P., Durigan, J. L. Q., Kjaer, M. Activation of satellite cells and the regeneration of human skeletal muscle are expedited by ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lotte K Rasmussen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida C Helmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elodie Ponsot
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | | | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tscholl PM, Vaso M, Weber A, Dvorak J. High prevalence of medication use in professional football tournaments including the World Cups between 2002 and 2014: a narrative review with a focus on NSAIDs. Br J Sports Med 2016; 49:580-2. [PMID: 25878074 PMCID: PMC4413681 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The use of medication in international football has been monitored since the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Team physicians were asked to provide information on prescribed medication 72 h prior to each match for every player. 69% of adult male players reported using medication, with more than half the players using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Up to one-third of all players used NSAIDs prior to every match, regardless of whether they took the field or not. The mean intake of medication was significantly higher during the FIFA Women's World Cup (0.85 vs 0.77 substances per player and per match in men, p<0.001), whereas the use of NSAIDs was similar to that for men. In the Under-20 and Under-17 male competitions, the use of medication was lower as 60% of players used some kind of medication and 43% of the players used NSAIDs during the tournaments. Despite the potential side effects of medication, especially of NSAIDs in the recovery process after a sports activity, there is no evidence of decreasing intake. The reported incidence is alarming, and moreover is most probably underestimated, since self-medication by the players or treatment already prescribed by club physicians is not included in the published reports. Future studies should focus on the daily dosage, time of treatment and especially the medical indication for painkilling agents to better understand the underlying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe M Tscholl
- FIFA-Medical Assessment and Research Center (F-MARC), Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland Division of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Martin Vaso
- Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Weber
- Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- FIFA-Medical Assessment and Research Center (F-MARC), Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Inflammation during skeletal muscle regeneration and tissue remodeling: application to exercise-induced muscle damage management. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 94:140-5. [PMID: 26526620 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increase in the practice of sport by more and more numerous people in the Western countries is associated with an increase in muscle injuries, and in demand for improving muscle function and acceleration of muscle recovery after damage. Most of the treatments used target inflammation. Indeed, several lines of experimental evidence in animal models that are supported by human studies identify inflammatory cells, and particularly macrophages, as essential players in skeletal muscle regeneration. Macrophages act not only through their immune functions, but also control myogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling by directly acting on myogenic precursors and fibro-adipogenic precursors. In light of these recent biological advances, the question of early treatment aiming at blunting inflammation after exercise-induced muscle injury is discussed.
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Abstract
Synopsis Tendinopathy has become the accepted term to describe a spectrum of changes that occur in damaged and/or diseased tendons. Over the past 2 decades, there have been new insights into tendon pathophysiology of relevance to clinicians, including (1) better characterization of the overuse injury process and the resultant structural and functional disruption in chronically painful tendons, (2) improved understanding of the pathomechanics associated with chronic tendon injury, and (3) greater knowledge about the influence of lifestyle factors and drugs on tendon pathology. The implications of these new insights are discussed. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(11):833-841. Epub 21 Sep 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5884.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the use of medication of top-level male players during the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil. DESIGN Retrospective survey. PARTICIPANTS/INFORMATION 736 top level players. SETTING The teams' physicians disclosed a list of the medications used by each player within 72 h before each match of the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil. OUTCOME MEASURES Average number of medications used per player per match or during the tournament; average number and percentage of players using at least one medication per match or during the tournament. RESULTS 67.0% of all players took various types of medication during the tournament. The most used medications during the tournament were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), by 54.2% of all players, followed by analgaesics (12.6%); β-2 agonists were only used by 0.5%. On average, 0.8 medications per player were used before each match. More players were reported taking medications during the knockout round than during the qualification round (0.36±0.48 vs 0.49±0.50, p<0.001). Players from the South American and Asian Confederations took twice as many medications per match as players from the African Confederation (1.17±1.55 and 1.01±1.26 vs 0.48±0.69, both p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was high use of NSAIDs during the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Although the intake of NSAIDs per match (0.35±0.46 vs 0.31±0.48, p<0.01) in the 2014 FIFA World Cup decreased compared to the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the average use was still higher than in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and the average number of all used medications per player remained the same level as 4 years prior, with all its implications for the player's health. More efforts need to be undertaken worldwide in order to reduce the administration of medications in sports, through continuous education for players, starting from a young age, as well as for doctors and paramedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vaso
- Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Sports Medicine, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Weber
- Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe M Tscholl
- FIFA—Medical Assessment and Research Center (F-MARC), Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Junge
- FIFA—Medical Assessment and Research Center (F-MARC), Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
- MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
- FIFA—Medical Assessment and Research Center (F-MARC), Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
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Marques JP, Pinheiro JP, Santos Costa J, Moura D. Myositis ossificans of the quadriceps femoris in a soccer player. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-210545. [PMID: 26264943 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-210545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A young soccer player was diagnosed with myositis ossificans 6 weeks after a muscle strain in the right thigh. Radiographic and sonographic investigations initially helped to confirm diagnosis and later supported clinical improvement. We present our approach to the case and discuss pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of this rare condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Pedro Marques
- Department of Sports Medicine, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Santos Costa
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo Moura
- Department of Orthopedics, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
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Effects of low-level laser therapy on skeletal muscle repair: a systematic review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 93:1073-85. [PMID: 25122099 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A review of the literature was performed to demonstrate the most current applicability of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries, addressing different lasers, irradiation parameters, and treatment results in animal models. Searches were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and SPIE Digital Library databases for studies published from January 2006 to August 2013 on the use of LLLT for the repair of skeletal muscle in any animal model. All selected articles were critically appraised by two independent raters. Seventeen of the 36 original articles on LLLT and muscle injuries met the inclusion criteria and were critically evaluated. The main effects of LLLT were a reduction in the inflammatory process, the modulation of growth factors and myogenic regulatory factors, and increased angiogenesis. The studies analyzed demonstrate the positive effects of LLLT on the muscle repair process, which are dependent on irradiation and treatment parameters. The findings suggest that LLLT is an excellent therapeutic resource for the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries in the short-term.
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Danna NR, Beutel BG, Campbell KA, Bosco JA. Therapeutic approaches to skeletal muscle repair and healing. Sports Health 2014; 6:348-55. [PMID: 24982709 PMCID: PMC4065556 DOI: 10.1177/1941738113512261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Skeletal muscle is comprised of a highly organized network of cells, neurovascular structures, and connective tissue. Muscle injury is typically followed by a well-orchestrated healing response that consists of the following phases: inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis. This review presents the mechanisms of action and evidence supporting the effectiveness of various traditional and novel therapies at each phase of the skeletal muscle healing process. Evidence Acquisition: Relevant published articles were identified using MEDLINE (1978-2013). Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Results: To facilitate muscle healing, surgical techniques involving direct suture repair, as well as the implantation of innovative biologic scaffolds, have been developed. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be potentially supplanted by nitric oxide and curcumin in modulating the inflammatory pathway. Studies in muscle regeneration have identified stem cells, myogenic factors, and β-agonists capable of enhancing the regenerative capabilities of injured tissue. Furthermore, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and, more recently, myostatin and the rennin-angiotensin system have been implicated in fibrous tissue formation; several antifibrotic agents have demonstrated the ability to disrupt these systems. Conclusion: Effective repair of skeletal muscle after severe injury is unlikely to be achieved with a single intervention. For full functional recovery of muscle there is a need to control inflammation, stimulate regeneration, and limit fibrosis. Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): B
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Danna
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Bryan G Beutel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kirk A Campbell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joseph A Bosco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
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Macedo ACBD, Ywazaki JL, Pacheco J, Gonçalves S, Gomes ARS. Acute effects of gastrocnemius muscle stretching after contusion in rats. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/446210114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of stretching after gastrocnemius contusion in rats. Thirty-three male Wistar rats were selected (8 weeks, 219±35 g) and divided into 4 groups: Control (CG, n=3) - intact; Lesion (LG, n=10); Stretching (SG, n=10): Lesion and Stretching (LSG, n=10). The right gastrocnemius (RG) was submitted to contusion. Stretching on RG was performed manually, with 4 repetitions of 30 seconds each day, for 5 consecutive days, beginning 72 hour after contusion. One week later, rats were weighed and both paws were removed for investigation of muscle length, serial sarcomere number and sarcomere length. The final body weight increased in all groups. The muscle weight and length, as well as the serial sarcomere number (SSN) of LG, were higher than SG. However, the SSN of LSG was higher than SG. The sarcomere length of SG was the highest among all groups. It was concluded that the contusion and stretching did not affect body weight gain. The stretching induced sarcomerogenesis in injured muscle, but did not modify the healthy muscle.
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32
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Dekeyser GJ, Clary CR, Otis JS. Chronic alcohol ingestion delays skeletal muscle regeneration following injury. Regen Med Res 2013; 1:2. [PMID: 25984321 PMCID: PMC4376340 DOI: 10.1186/2050-490x-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic alcohol ingestion may cause severe biochemical and pathophysiological derangements to skeletal muscle. Unfortunately, these alcohol-induced events may also prime skeletal muscle for worsened, delayed, or possibly incomplete repair following acute injury. As alcoholics may be at increased risk for skeletal muscle injury, our goals were to identify the effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on components of skeletal muscle regeneration. To accomplish this, age- and gender-matched C57Bl/6 mice were provided normal drinking water or water that contained 20% alcohol (v/v) for 18–20 wk. Subgroups of mice were injected with a 1.2% barium chloride (BaCl2) solution into the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle to initiate degeneration and regeneration processes. Body weights and voluntary wheel running distances were recorded during the course of recovery. Muscles were harvested at 2, 7 or 14 days post-injection and assessed for markers of inflammation and oxidant stress, fiber cross-sectional areas, levels of growth and fibrotic factors, and fibrosis. Results Body weights of injured, alcohol-fed mice were reduced during the first week of recovery. These mice also ran significantly shorter distances over the two weeks following injury compared to uninjured, alcoholics. Injured TA muscles from alcohol-fed mice had increased TNFα and IL6 gene levels compared to controls 2 days after injury. Total protein oxidant stress and alterations to glutathione homeostasis were also evident at 7 and 14 days after injury. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) induction was delayed in injured muscles from alcohol-fed mice which may explain, in part, why fiber cross-sectional area failed to normalize 14 days following injury. Gene levels of TGFβ1 were induced early following injury before normalizing in muscle from alcohol-fed mice compared to controls. However, TGFβ1 protein content was consistently elevated in injured muscle regardless of diet. Fibrosis was increased in injured, muscle from alcohol-fed mice at 7 and 14 days of recovery compared to injured controls. Conclusions Chronic alcohol ingestion appears to delay the normal regenerative response following significant skeletal muscle injury. This is evidenced by reduced cross-sectional areas of regenerated fibers, increased fibrosis, and altered temporal expression of well-described growth and fibrotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Dekeyser
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S Otis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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Saclier M, Cuvellier S, Magnan M, Mounier R, Chazaud B. Monocyte/macrophage interactions with myogenic precursor cells during skeletal muscle regeneration. FEBS J 2013; 280:4118-30. [PMID: 23384231 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle has the remarkable property of regenerating after damage, owing to satellite cells and myogenic precursor cells becoming committed to adult myogenesis to rebuild the muscle. This process is accompanied by the continuing presence of macrophages, from the phagocytosis of damaged myofibres to the full re-formation of new myofibres. In recent years, there has been huge progress in our understanding of the roles of macrophages during skeletal muscle regeneration, notably concerning their effects on myogenic precursor cells. Here, we review the most recent knowledge acquired on monocyte entry into damaged muscle, the various macrophage subpopulations, and their respective roles during the sequential phases of muscle repair. We also discuss the role of macrophages after exercise-induced muscle damage, notably in humans.
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