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Gao F, Xu T, Zang F, Luo Y, Pan D. Cardiotoxicity of Anticancer Drugs: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Management and Innovative Treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:4089-4116. [PMID: 39286288 PMCID: PMC11404500 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s469331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous refinement of therapeutic measures, the survival rate of tumor patients has been improving year by year, while cardiovascular complications related to cancer therapy have become increasingly prominent. Exploring the mechanism and prevention strategy of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) remains one of the research hotspots in the field of Cardio-Oncology in recent years. Cardiotoxicity of anticancer drugs involves heart failure, myocarditis, hypertension, arrhythmias and vascular toxicity, mechanistically related to vascular endothelial dysfunction, ferroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. To address the cardiotoxicity induced by different anticancer drugs, various therapeutic measures have been put in place, such as reducing the accumulation of anticancer drugs, shifting to drugs with less cardiotoxicity, using cardioprotective drugs, and early detection. Due to the very limited treatments available to ameliorate anticancer drugs-induced cardiotoxicity, a few innovations are being shifted from animal studies to human studies. Examples include mitochondrial transplantation. Mitochondrial transplantation has been proven to be effective in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Several recent studies have demonstrated that intercellular mitochondrial transfer can ameliorate doxorubicin(DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity, laying the foundation for innovative therapies in anticancer drugs-induced cardiotoxicity. In this review, we will discuss the current status of anticancer drugs-induced cardiotoxicity in terms of the pathogenesis and treatment, with a focus on mitochondrial transplantation, and we hope that this review will bring some inspiration to you.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangnan Zang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Defeng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
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Sam J, Hofer T, Kuettel C, Claus C, Thom J, Herter S, Georges G, Korfi K, Lechmann M, Eigenmann MJ, Marbach D, Jamois C, Lechner K, Krishnan SM, Gaillard B, Marinho J, Kronenberg S, Kunz L, Wilson S, Briner S, Gebhardt S, Varol A, Appelt B, Nicolini V, Speziale D, Bez M, Bommer E, Eckmann J, Hage C, Limani F, Jenni S, Schoenle A, Le Clech M, Vallier JBP, Colombetti S, Bacac M, Gasser S, Klein C, Umaña P. CD19-CD28: an affinity-optimized CD28 agonist for combination with glofitamab (CD20-TCB) as off-the-shelf immunotherapy. Blood 2024; 143:2152-2165. [PMID: 38437725 PMCID: PMC11143537 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Effective T-cell responses not only require the engagement of T-cell receptors (TCRs; "signal 1"), but also the availability of costimulatory signals ("signal 2"). T-cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) deliver a robust signal 1 by engaging the TCR signaling component CD3ε, while simultaneously binding to tumor antigens. The CD20-TCB glofitamab redirects T cells to CD20-expressing malignant B cells. Although glofitamab exhibits strong single-agent efficacy, adding costimulatory signaling may enhance the depth and durability of T-cell-mediated tumor cell killing. We developed a bispecific CD19-targeted CD28 agonist (CD19-CD28), RG6333, to enhance the efficacy of glofitamab and similar TCBs by delivering signal 2 to tumor-infiltrating T cells. CD19-CD28 distinguishes itself from the superagonistic antibody TGN1412, because its activity requires the simultaneous presence of a TCR signal and CD19 target binding. This is achieved through its engineered format incorporating a mutated Fc region with abolished FcγR and C1q binding, CD28 monovalency, and a moderate CD28 binding affinity. In combination with glofitamab, CD19-CD28 strongly increased T-cell effector functions in ex vivo assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and spleen samples derived from patients with lymphoma and enhanced glofitamab-mediated regression of aggressive lymphomas in humanized mice. Notably, the triple combination of glofitamab with CD19-CD28 with the costimulatory 4-1BB agonist, CD19-4-1BBL, offered substantially improved long-term tumor control over glofitamab monotherapy and respective duplet combinations. Our findings highlight CD19-CD28 as a safe and highly efficacious off-the-shelf combination partner for glofitamab, similar TCBs, and other costimulatory agonists. CD19-CD28 is currently in a phase 1 clinical trial in combination with glofitamab. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT05219513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Sam
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hofer
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christine Kuettel
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christina Claus
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Thom
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Herter
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Guy Georges
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Koorosh Korfi
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lechmann
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Miro Julian Eigenmann
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Marbach
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Candice Jamois
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Lechner
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sreenath M Krishnan
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brenda Gaillard
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Joana Marinho
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sven Kronenberg
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leo Kunz
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Wilson
- Roche Innovation Center Welwyn, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Briner
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Gebhardt
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ahmet Varol
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Birte Appelt
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Nicolini
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Dario Speziale
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Bez
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Esther Bommer
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jan Eckmann
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Carina Hage
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Florian Limani
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Jenni
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anne Schoenle
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marine Le Clech
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Sara Colombetti
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Gasser
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Anyalebechi JC, Sun Y, Davis C, Wagener ME, Liang Z, Burd EM, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. CD8 + T cells are necessary for improved sepsis survival induced by CD28 agonism in immunologically experienced mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346097. [PMID: 38633258 PMCID: PMC11021695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A hallmark of T cell dysregulation during sepsis is the downregulation of costimulatory molecules. CD28 is one of T cell costimulatory molecules significantly altered on memory T cells during sepsis. We recently showed that treatment with a αCD28 agonist in septic immunologically experienced mice led to improved survival. Therefore, here we aimed to identify the cell subset(s) necessary for the survival benefit observed in the context of CD28 agonism, and to further investigate the mechanism by which CD28 agonism improves sepsis survival in immunologically experienced mice. Methods: Mice received specific pathogen inoculation to generate memory T cell populations similar in frequency to that of adult humans. Once these infections were cleared and the T cell response had transitioned to the memory phase, animals were rendered septic via cecal ligation and puncture in the presence or absence of an agonistic anti-CD28 mAb. Results Results demonstrated that CD8+ T cells, and not bulk CD4+ T cells or CD25+ regulatory T cells, were necessary for the survival benefit observed in CD28 agonist-treated septic immunologically experienced mice. Upon examination of these CD8+ T cells, we found that CD28 agonism in septic immunologically experienced mice was associated with an increase in Foxp3+ CD8+ T cells as compared to vehicle-treated controls. When CD8+ T cells were depleted in septic immunologically experienced mice in the setting of CD28 agonism, a significant increase in levels of inflammatory cytokines in the blood was observed. Discussion Taken together, these results indicate that CD28 agonism in immunologically experienced mice effectively suppresses inflammation via a CD8+-dependent mechanism to decrease mortality during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome C. Anyalebechi
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yini Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Carolyn Davis
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Maylene E. Wagener
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eileen M. Burd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mandy L. Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Oludada OE, Idowu TO, Jeon Y, Choi I. VSTM5 is a novel immune checkpoint that promotes oral tolerance of cell-mediated and antibody responses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 635:283-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Estrada-Capetillo L, Aragoneses-Fenoll L, Domínguez-Soto Á, Fuentelsaz-Romero S, Nieto C, Simón-Fuentes M, Alonso B, Portolés P, Corbí AL, Rojo JM, Puig-Kröger A. CD28 is expressed by macrophages with anti-inflammatory potential and limits their T-cell activating capacity. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:824-834. [PMID: 33169838 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CD28 expression is generally considered to be T lymphocyte specific. We have previously shown CD28 mRNA expression in M-CSF-dependent anti-inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages (M-MØ), and now demonstrate that CD28 cell surface expression is higher in M-MØ than in GM-CSF-dependent macrophages, and that macrophage CD28 expression is regulated by MAFB and activin A. In vivo, CD28 was found in tumor-associated macrophages and, to a lower extent, in pro-inflammatory synovial fluid macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Analysis of mouse macrophages confirmed Cd28 expression in bone-marrow derived M-MØ. Indeed, anti-CD28 antibodies triggered ERK1/2 phosphorylation in mouse M-MØ. At the functional level, Cd28KO M-MØ exhibited a significantly higher capacity to activate the OVA-specific proliferation of OT-II CD4+ T cells than WT M-MØ, as well as enhanced LPS-induced IL-6 production. Besides, the Cd28KO M-MØ transcriptome was significantly different from WT M-MØ regarding the expression IFN response, inflammatory response, and TGF-β signaling related gene sets. Therefore, defective CD28 expression in mouse macrophages associates to changes in gene expression profile, what might contribute to the altered functionality displayed by Cd28KO M-MØ. Thus, CD28 expression appears as a hallmark of anti-inflammatory macrophages and might be a target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Estrada-Capetillo
- Unidad de InmunoMetabolismo e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Aragoneses-Fenoll
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara Fuentelsaz-Romero
- Unidad de InmunoMetabolismo e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concha Nieto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Bárbara Alonso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Portolés
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel L Corbí
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Rojo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya Puig-Kröger
- Unidad de InmunoMetabolismo e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Negron A, Stüve O, Forsthuber TG. Ectopic Lymphoid Follicles in Multiple Sclerosis: Centers for Disease Control? Front Neurol 2020; 11:607766. [PMID: 33363512 PMCID: PMC7753025 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.607766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While the contribution of autoreactive CD4+ T cells to the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is widely accepted, the advent of B cell-depleting monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies has shed new light on the complex cellular mechanisms underlying MS pathogenesis. Evidence supports the involvement of B cells in both antibody-dependent and -independent capacities. T cell-dependent B cell responses originate and take shape in germinal centers (GCs), specialized microenvironments that regulate B cell activation and subsequent differentiation into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) or memory B cells, a process for which CD4+ T cells, namely follicular T helper (TFH) cells, are indispensable. ASCs carry out their effector function primarily via secreted Ig but also through the secretion of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Memory B cells, in addition to being capable of rapidly differentiating into ASCs, can function as potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to cognate memory CD4+ T cells. Aberrant B cell responses are prevented, at least in part, by follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells, which are key suppressors of GC-derived autoreactive B cell responses through the expression of inhibitory receptors and cytokines, such as CTLA4 and IL-10, respectively. Therefore, GCs represent a critical site of peripheral B cell tolerance, and their dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. In MS patients, the presence of GC-like leptomeningeal ectopic lymphoid follicles (eLFs) has prompted their investigation as potential sources of pathogenic B and T cell responses. This hypothesis is supported by elevated levels of CXCL13 and circulating TFH cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients, both of which are required to initiate and maintain GC reactions. Additionally, eLFs in post-mortem MS patient samples are notably devoid of TFR cells. The ability of GCs to generate and perpetuate, but also regulate autoreactive B and T cell responses driving MS pathology makes them an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we will summarize the evidence from both humans and animal models supporting B cells as drivers of MS, the role of GC-like eLFs in the pathogenesis of MS, and mechanisms controlling GC-derived autoreactive B cell responses in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Negron
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Neurology Section, Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Thomas G Forsthuber
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Sun Y, Xie J, Anyalebechi JC, Chen CW, Sun H, Xue M, Liang Z, Morrow KN, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. CD28 Agonism Improves Survival in Immunologically Experienced Septic Mice via IL-10 Released by Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3358-3371. [PMID: 33158954 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune dysregulation during sepsis is mediated by an imbalance of T cell costimulatory and coinhibitory signaling. CD28 is downregulated during sepsis and is significantly altered on memory versus naive T cells. Thus, to study the role of CD28 during sepsis in a more physiologically relevant context, we developed a "memory mouse" model in which animals are subjected to pathogen infections to generate immunologic memory, followed by sepsis induction via cecal ligation and puncture. Using this system, we show that agonistic anti-CD28 treatment resulted in worsened survival in naive septic animals but conferred a significant survival advantage in immunologically experienced septic animals. Mechanistically, this differential response was driven by the ability of CD28 agonism to elicit IL-10 production from regulatory T cells uniquely in memory but not naive mice. Moreover, elevated IL-10 released by activated regulatory T cells in memory mice inhibited sepsis-induced T cell apoptosis via the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Together, these data demonstrate that immunologic experience is an important parameter that affects sepsis pathophysiology and can fundamentally change the outcome of modulating the CD28 pathway during sepsis. This study suggests that testing therapeutic strategies in immunologically experienced hosts may be one way to increase the physiologic relevance of rodent models in sepsis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Sun
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Jianfeng Xie
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - He Sun
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Kristen N Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; .,Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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8
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Immune checkpoint molecules. Possible future therapeutic implications in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2019; 104:102333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Selective Costimulation Blockade With Antagonist Anti-CD28 Therapeutics in Transplantation. Transplantation 2019; 103:1783-1789. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Revu S, Wu J, Henkel M, Rittenhouse N, Menk A, Delgoffe GM, Poholek AC, McGeachy MJ. IL-23 and IL-1β Drive Human Th17 Cell Differentiation and Metabolic Reprogramming in Absence of CD28 Costimulation. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29514093 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells drive autoimmune disease but also control commensal microbes. A common link among antigens from self-proteins or commensal microbiota is relatively low activation of T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulation signaling. Indeed, strong TCR/CD28 stimulation suppressed Th17 cell differentiation from human naive T cells, but not effector/memory cells. CD28 suppressed the classical Th17 transcriptional program, while inducing known Th17 regulators, and acted through an Akt-dependent mechanism. Th17 cells differentiated without CD28 were not anergic: they showed robust proliferation and maintained Th17 cytokine production following restimulation. Interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-1β promoted glucose uptake and increased glycolysis. Although modestly increased compared to CD28 costimulation, glycolysis was necessary to support Th17 differentiation, indicating that cytokine-mediated metabolic shifts were sufficient to obviate the classical requirement for CD28 in Th17 differentiation. Together, these data propose that, in humans, strength of TCR/CD28/Akt activation serves as a rheostat tuning the magnitude of Th17 development driven by IL-23 and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Revu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Henkel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Ashley Menk
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Leibler C, Thiolat A, Elsner RA, El Karoui K, Samson C, Grimbert P. Costimulatory blockade molecules and B-cell-mediated immune response: current knowledge and perspectives. Kidney Int 2019; 95:774-786. [PMID: 30711200 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for therapeutic agents that target humoral alloimmunity in solid organ transplantation. This includes sensitized patients with preformed donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies and patients who develop de novo donor-specific antibodies, both of which are associated with acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection and allograft loss. In the last decade, both experimental and clinical studies highlighted the major impact of costimulation molecules in the control of immune responses both in the field of transplantation and autoimmune disease. Although these molecules have been initially developed to control the early steps of T-cell activation, recent evidence also supports their influence at several steps of the humoral response. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the effects of costimulatory blockade agents on humoral responses in both autoimmune and allogeneic contexts. We first present the effects of costimulatory molecules on the different steps of alloantibody production. We then summarize mechanisms and clinical results observed using cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4)-Ig molecules both in transplantation and autoimmunity. Finally, we present the potential interest and implications of other costimulatory family members as therapeutic targets, with emphasis on combinatorial approaches, for the optimal control of the alloantigen-specific humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leibler
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Pôle Cancérologie-Immunité-Transplantation-Infectiologie, Paris-Est Creteil, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allan Thiolat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Rebecca A Elsner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Khalil El Karoui
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Pôle Cancérologie-Immunité-Transplantation-Infectiologie, Paris-Est Creteil, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Chloe Samson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Grimbert
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Pôle Cancérologie-Immunité-Transplantation-Infectiologie, Paris-Est Creteil, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.
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12
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Watkins BK, Tkachev V, Furlan SN, Hunt DJ, Betz K, Yu A, Brown M, Poirier N, Zheng HB, Taraseviciute A, Colonna L, Mary C, Blancho G, Soulillou JP, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Sharma P, Garcia A, Strobert E, Hamby K, Garrett A, Deane T, Blazar BR, Vanhove B, Kean LS. CD28 blockade controls T cell activation to prevent graft-versus-host disease in primates. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3991-4007. [PMID: 30102255 DOI: 10.1172/jci98793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major unmet need in stem cell transplantation, and new, targeted therapies are being actively developed. CD28-CD80/86 costimulation blockade represents a promising strategy, but targeting CD80/CD86 with CTLA4-Ig may be associated with undesired blockade of coinhibitory pathways. In contrast, targeted blockade of CD28 exclusively inhibits T cell costimulation and may more potently prevent GVHD. Here, we investigated FR104, an antagonistic CD28-specific pegylated-Fab', in the nonhuman primate (NHP) GVHD model and completed a multiparameter interrogation comparing it with CTLA4-Ig, with and without sirolimus, including clinical, histopathologic, flow cytometric, and transcriptomic analyses. We document that FR104 monoprophylaxis and combined prophylaxis with FR104/sirolimus led to enhanced control of effector T cell proliferation and activation compared with the use of CTLA4-Ig or CTLA4-Ig/sirolimus. Importantly, FR104/sirolimus did not lead to a beneficial impact on Treg reconstitution or homeostasis, consistent with control of conventional T cell activation and IL-2 production needed to support Tregs. While FR104/sirolimus had a salutary effect on GVHD-free survival, overall survival was not improved, due to death in the absence of GVHD in several FR104/sirolimus recipients in the setting of sepsis and a paralyzed INF-γ response. These results therefore suggest that effectively deploying CD28 in the clinic will require close scrutiny of both the benefits and risks of extensively abrogating conventional T cell activation after transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Watkins
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Victor Tkachev
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute; The University of Washington; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Scott N Furlan
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute; The University of Washington; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel J Hunt
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute; The University of Washington; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kayla Betz
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute; The University of Washington; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alison Yu
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute; The University of Washington; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melanie Brown
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute; The University of Washington; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicolas Poirier
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, France
| | - Hengqi Betty Zheng
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute; The University of Washington; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Agne Taraseviciute
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute; The University of Washington; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lucrezia Colonna
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute; The University of Washington; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caroline Mary
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Prachi Sharma
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly Hamby
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aneesah Garrett
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Taylor Deane
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bernard Vanhove
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, France
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute; The University of Washington; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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13
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CTLA4Ig Improves Murine iTreg Induction via TGF β and Suppressor Function In Vitro. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2484825. [PMID: 30057914 PMCID: PMC6051081 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2484825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of the CD28:CD80/86 costimulatory pathway has been shown to be potent in blocking T cell activation in vitro and in vivo. The costimulation blocker CTLA4Ig has been approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. The therapeutic application of regulatory T cells (Tregs) has recently gained much attention for its potential of improving allograft survival. However, neither costimulation blockade with CTLA4Ig nor Treg therapy induces robust tolerance on its own. Combining CTLA4Ig with Treg therapy would be an attractive approach for minimizing immunosuppression or for possibly achieving tolerance. However, since the CD28 pathway is more complex than initially thought, the question arose whether blocking CD80/86 would inadvertently impact immunological tolerance by interfering with Treg generation and function. We therefore wanted to investigate the compatibility of CTLA4Ig with regulatory T cells by evaluating direct effects of CTLA4Ig on murine Treg generation and function in vitro. For generation of polyclonal-induced Tregs, we utilized an APC-free in vitro system and added titrated doses of CTLA4Ig at different time points. Phenotypical characterization by flow cytometry and functional characterization in suppressor assays did not reveal negative effects by CTLA4Ig. The costimulation blocker CTLA4Ig does not impair but rather improves murine iTreg generation and suppressor function in vitro.
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14
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Liu D, Badell IR, Ford ML. Selective CD28 blockade attenuates CTLA-4-dependent CD8+ memory T cell effector function and prolongs graft survival. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96378. [PMID: 29321374 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells pose a significant problem to successful therapeutic control of unwanted immune responses during autoimmunity and transplantation, as they are differentially controlled by cosignaling receptors such as CD28 and CTLA-4. Treatment with abatacept and belatacept impede CD28 signaling by binding to CD80 and CD86, but they also have the unintended consequence of blocking the ligands for CTLA-4, a process that may inadvertently boost effector responses. Here, we show that a potentially novel anti-CD28 domain antibody (dAb) that selectively blocks CD28 but preserves CTLA-4 coinhibition confers improved allograft survival in sensitized recipients as compared with CTLA-4 Ig. However, both CTLA-4 Ig and anti-CD28 dAb similarly and significantly reduced the accumulation of donor-reactive CD8+ memory T cells, demonstrating that regulation of the expansion of CD8+ memory T cell populations is controlled in part by CD28 signals and is not significantly impacted by CTLA-4. In contrast, selective CD28 blockade was superior to CTLA-4 Ig in inhibiting IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-2 production by CD8+ memory T cells, which in turn resulted in reduced recruitment of innate CD11b+ monocytes into allografts. Importantly, this superiority was CTLA-4 dependent, demonstrating that effector function of CD8+ memory T cells is regulated by the balance of CD28 and CTLA-4 signaling.
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15
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Yu C, Xi J, Li M, An M, Liu H. Bioconjugate Strategies for the Induction of Antigen-Specific Tolerance in Autoimmune Diseases. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:719-732. [PMID: 29165988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASI) holds great promise for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In mice, administration of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding synthetic peptides which modulate T cell receptor (TCR) signaling under subimmunogenic conditions induces selective tolerance without suppressing the global immune responses. However, clinical translation has yielded limited success. It has become apparent that the TCR signaling pathway via synthetic peptide antigen alone is inadequate to induce an effective tolerogenic immunity in autoimmune diseases. Bioconjugate strategies combining additional immunomodulatory functions with TCR signaling can amplify the antigen-specific immune tolerance and possibly lead to the development of new treatments in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide a summary of recent advances in the development of bioconjugates to achieve antigen-specific immune tolerance in vivo, with the discussion focused on the underlying design principles and challenges that must be overcome to target these therapies to patients suffering from autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Jingchao Xi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Myunggi An
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States.,Department of Oncology , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States.,Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program , Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
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16
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Vanhove B, Poirier N, Fakhouri F, Laurent L, 't Hart B, Papotto PH, Rizzo LV, Zaitsu M, Issa F, Wood K, Soulillou JP, Blancho G. Antagonist Anti-CD28 Therapeutics for the Treatment of Autoimmune Disorders. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 6:antib6040019. [PMID: 31548534 PMCID: PMC6698823 DOI: 10.3390/antib6040019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effector functions of T lymphocytes are responsible for most autoimmune disorders and act by directly damaging tissues or by indirectly promoting inflammation and antibody responses. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory T cell receptor molecules are the primary pharmacological targets that enable interference with immune-mediated diseases. Among these, selective CD28 antagonists have drawn special interest, since they tip the co-stimulation/co-inhibition balance towards efficiently inhibiting effector T cells while promoting suppression by pre-existing regulatory T-cells. After having demonstrated outstanding therapeutic efficacy in multiple models of autoimmunity, inflammation and transplantation, and safety in phase-I studies in humans, selective CD28 antagonists are currently in early clinical development for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we review the available proof of concept studies for CD28 antagonists in autoimmunity, with a special focus on the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Vanhove
- OSE Immunotherapeutics, 44200 Nantes, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Nicolas Poirier
- OSE Immunotherapeutics, 44200 Nantes, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Fadi Fakhouri
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Laetitia Laurent
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Bert 't Hart
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
- Department Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pedro H Papotto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Luiz V Rizzo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein 627-701, 2-SS Bloco A, 05651-901 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Masaaki Zaitsu
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Fadi Issa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Kathryn Wood
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
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17
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Novel CD28 antagonist mPEG PV1-Fab' mitigates experimental autoimmune uveitis by suppressing CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and IFN-γ production. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171822. [PMID: 28248972 PMCID: PMC5331984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune Uveitis is an important chronic inflammatory disease and a leading cause of impaired vision and blindness. This ocular autoimmune disorder is mainly mediated by T CD4+ lymphocytes poising a TH1 phenotype. Costimulatory molecules are known to play an important role on T cell activation and therefore represent interesting therapeutical targets for autoimmune disorders. CD28 is the prototypical costimulatory molecule for T lymphocytes, and plays a crucial role in the initiation, and maintenance of immune responses. However, previous attempts to use this molecule in clinical practice achieved no success. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of mPEG PV1-Fab’ (PV1), a novel selective CD28 antagonist monovalent Fab fragment in the treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU). Here, we showed that PV1 treatment decreases both average disease score and incidence of EAU. A decrease in the activation profile of both T CD4+ and T CD8+ eye-infiltrating lymphocytes was evidenced. In the periphery, T CD4+ cells from PV1-treated mice also showed a decrease in their activation status, with reduced expression of CD69, CD25, and PD-1 molecules. This suppression was not dependent on Treg cells, as both their frequency and absolute number were lower in PV1-treated mice. In addition, frequency of CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells was significantly lower in PV1-treated group, but not of IL-17-producing T cells. Moreover, after specific restimulation, PV1 blockade selectively blocked IFN-γ production by CD4+ lymphocytes Taken together, our data suggest that mPEG PV1-Fab’ acts mainly on IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells and emphasize that this specific CD28 blockade strategy is a potential specific and alternative tool for the treatment of autoimmune disorders in the eye.
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18
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Poirier N, Blancho G, Hiance M, Mary C, Van Assche T, Lempoels J, Ramael S, Wang W, Thepenier V, Braudeau C, Salabert N, Josien R, Anderson I, Gourley I, Soulillou JP, Coquoz D, Vanhove B. First-in-Human Study in Healthy Subjects with FR104, a Pegylated Monoclonal Antibody Fragment Antagonist of CD28. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4593-4602. [PMID: 27849166 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
FR104 is a monovalent pegylated Fab' Ab, antagonist of CD28, under development for treatment of transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases. In contrast to CD80/86 antagonists (CTLA4-Ig), FR104 selectively blunts CD28 costimulation while sparing CTLA-4 and PD-L1 coinhibitory signals. In the present work, FR104 has been evaluated in a first-in-human study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and potency of i.v. administrations in healthy subjects. Sixty-four subjects were randomly assigned to four single ascending dose groups, two double dose groups and four single ascending dose groups challenged with keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Subjects were followed up over a maximum of 113 d. Overall, the pharmacokinetics of FR104 after a single and double infusions was approximately linear at doses ≥0.200 mg/kg. CD28 receptor occupancy by FR104 was saturated at the first sampling time point (0.5 h) at doses above 0.02 mg/kg and returned to 50% in a dose-dependent manner, by day 15 (0.020 mg/kg) to 85 (1.500 mg/kg). FR104 was well tolerated, with no evidence of cytokine-release syndrome and no impact on blood lymphocyte subsets. Inhibition of anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin Ab response was dose-dependent in FR104 recipients and was already apparent at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg. Abs to FR104 were detected in 22/46 (48%) of FR104 recipients and only 1/46 (2.2%) was detected during drug exposure. In conclusion, selective blockade of CD28 with FR104 was safe and well tolerated at the doses tested. The observed immunosuppressive activity indicated that FR104 has potential to show clinical activity in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poirier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1064, Nantes F44093, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Nantes, Nantes F44000, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics S.A., Nantes F44200, France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1064, Nantes F44093, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Nantes, Nantes F44000, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre d'immunomonitorage Nantes-Atlantique, Nantes, F44000, France
| | | | - Caroline Mary
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1064, Nantes F44093, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Nantes, Nantes F44000, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics S.A., Nantes F44200, France
| | - Tim Van Assche
- SGS Life Science Services, Clinical Pharmacology Unit Antwerp, Antwerp 2060, Belgium
| | - Jos Lempoels
- SGS Life Science Services, Clinical Pharmacology Unit Antwerp, Antwerp 2060, Belgium
| | - Steven Ramael
- SGS Life Science Services, Clinical Pharmacology Unit Antwerp, Antwerp 2060, Belgium
| | - Weirong Wang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Virginie Thepenier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1064, Nantes F44093, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Nantes, Nantes F44000, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics S.A., Nantes F44200, France
| | - Cecile Braudeau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1064, Nantes F44093, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Nantes, Nantes F44000, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraft Oncology, Nantes F44000, Nantes, France; and
| | - Nina Salabert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1064, Nantes F44093, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Nantes, Nantes F44000, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre d'immunomonitorage Nantes-Atlantique, Nantes, F44000, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraft Oncology, Nantes F44000, Nantes, France; and
| | - Regis Josien
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1064, Nantes F44093, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Nantes, Nantes F44000, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre d'immunomonitorage Nantes-Atlantique, Nantes, F44000, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraft Oncology, Nantes F44000, Nantes, France; and
| | - Ian Anderson
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Ian Gourley
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1064, Nantes F44093, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Nantes, Nantes F44000, France
| | | | - Bernard Vanhove
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1064, Nantes F44093, France; .,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Nantes, Nantes F44000, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics S.A., Nantes F44200, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraft Oncology, Nantes F44000, Nantes, France; and
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19
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Abstract
Immunosuppression strategies that selectively inhibit effector T cells while preserving and even enhancing CD4FOXP3 regulatory T cells (Treg) permit immune self-regulation and may allow minimization of immunosuppression and associated toxicities. Many immunosuppressive drugs were developed before the identity and function of Treg were appreciated. A good understanding of the interactions between Treg and immunosuppressive agents will be valuable to the effective design of more tolerable immunosuppression regimens. This review will discuss preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the influence of current and emerging immunosuppressive drugs on Treg homeostasis, stability, and function as a guideline for the selection and development of Treg-friendly immunosuppressive regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven A Wisel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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20
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Vierboom MPM, Breedveld E, Kap YS, Mary C, Poirier N, 't Hart BA, Vanhove B. Clinical efficacy of a new CD28-targeting antagonist of T cell co-stimulation in a non-human primate model of collagen-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 183:405-18. [PMID: 26540618 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells have a central pathogenic role in the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and are therefore a favoured target of immunotherapy aiming at physical or functional elimination. Here we report an efficacy test of FR104, a new co-stimulation inhibitor directly targeting CD28 on T cells, in a translationally relevant model, the rhesus monkey model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). As a relevant comparator we used abatacept [cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen immunoglobulin (CTLA Ig)], an antagonist of CTLA-4 binding to CD80/86 clinically approved for treatment of RA. Treatment with either compound was started at the day of CIA induction. Although FR104 previously demonstrated a higher control of T cell responses in vitro than abatacept, both compounds were equally potent in the suppression of CIA symptoms and biomarkers, such as the production of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 and anti-collagen type II (CII) serum antibody (IgM/IgG). However, in contrast to abatacept, FR104 showed effective suppression of CII-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation. The current study demonstrates a strong potential of the new selective CD28 antagonist FR104 for treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P M Vierboom
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - E Breedveld
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Y S Kap
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - C Mary
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, Université De Nantes, Effimune SA, Nantes, France
| | - N Poirier
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, Université De Nantes, Effimune SA, Nantes, France
| | - B A 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands.,Department Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Vanhove
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, Université De Nantes, Effimune SA, Nantes, France
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21
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Poirier N, Chevalier M, Mary C, Hervouet J, Minault D, Baker P, Ville S, Le Bas-Bernardet S, Dilek N, Belarif L, Cassagnau E, Scobie L, Blancho G, Vanhove B. Selective CD28 Antagonist Blunts Memory Immune Responses and Promotes Long-Term Control of Skin Inflammation in Nonhuman Primates. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:274-83. [PMID: 26597009 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapies that specifically target activation and expansion of pathogenic immune cell subsets responsible for autoimmune attacks are needed to confer long-term remission. Pathogenic cells in autoimmunity include memory T lymphocytes that are long-lived and present rapid recall effector functions with reduced activation requirements. Whereas the CD28 costimulation pathway predominantly controls priming of naive T cells and hence generation of adaptive memory cells, the roles of CD28 costimulation on established memory T lymphocytes and the recall of memory responses remain controversial. In contrast to CD80/86 antagonists (CTLA4-Ig), selective CD28 antagonists blunt T cell costimulation while sparing CTLA-4 and PD-L1-dependent coinhibitory signals. Using a new selective CD28 antagonist, we showed that Ag-specific reactivation of human memory T lymphocytes was prevented. Selective CD28 blockade controlled both cellular and humoral memory recall in nonhuman primates and induced long-term Ag-specific unresponsiveness in a memory T cell-mediated inflammatory skin model. No modification of memory T lymphocytes subsets or numbers was observed in the periphery, and importantly no significant reactivation of quiescent viruses was noticed. These findings indicate that pathogenic memory T cell responses are controlled by both CD28 and CTLA-4/PD-L1 cosignals in vivo and that selectively targeting CD28 would help to promote remission of autoimmune diseases and control chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poirier
- INSERM UMR 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Effimune, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Melanie Chevalier
- INSERM UMR 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 44000 Nantes, France; and
| | - Caroline Mary
- INSERM UMR 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Effimune, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jeremy Hervouet
- INSERM UMR 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - David Minault
- INSERM UMR 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Paul Baker
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Ville
- INSERM UMR 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stephanie Le Bas-Bernardet
- INSERM UMR 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 44000 Nantes, France; and
| | - Nahzli Dilek
- INSERM UMR 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Effimune, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Lyssia Belarif
- INSERM UMR 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Effimune, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Linda Scobie
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Gilles Blancho
- INSERM UMR 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 44000 Nantes, France; and
| | - Bernard Vanhove
- INSERM UMR 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Effimune, 44000 Nantes, France;
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Wang C, Gui Q, Zhang K. Functional polymorphisms in CD86 gene are associated with susceptibility to pneumonia-induced sepsis. APMIS 2015; 123:433-8. [PMID: 25912130 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an illness in which the body has a severe response to bacteria or other germs. A bacterial infection in the body such as lungs may set off the response that leads to the disease. CD86 (B7-2) is expressed on various immune cells and plays critical roles in immune responses. Genetic polymorphisms in CD86 gene may affect the development of several diseases. Here, we evaluated the association between two CD86 polymorphisms (rs1915087C/T and rs2332096T/G) and susceptibility to pneumonia-induced sepsis. CD86 rs1915087C/T and rs2332096T/G were identified in 186 pneumonia-induced septic patients and 196 healthy controls in the Chinese population. Results revealed that subjects with rs1915087CT and TT genotypes had significantly lower risk of pneumonia-induced sepsis than those with CC genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37-0.91, p = 0.017, and OR = 0.40, 95%CI, 0.21-0.76, p = 0.005]. However, prevalence of rs2332096GG genotype and G allele were significantly increased in patients than in healthy controls (OR = 2.75, 95%CI, 1.46-5.16, p = 0.001, and OR = 1.65, 95%CI, 1.21-2.24, p = 0.001]. We further investigated functions of these two polymorphisms by assessing gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in monocytes. Data showed subjects carrying rs2332096GG genotype had significantly decreased level of CD86 in monocytes than those carrying rs2332096TT genotype. These results indicate that CD86 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to pneumonia-induced sepsis and may affect gene expression in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ramani T, Auletta CS, Weinstock D, Mounho-Zamora B, Ryan PC, Salcedo TW, Bannish G. Cytokines: The Good, the Bad, and the Deadly. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:355-65. [PMID: 26015504 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815584918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, the world of pharmaceutical toxicology has seen an explosion in the area of cytokines. An overview of the many aspects of cytokine safety evaluation currently in progress and evolving strategies for evaluating these important entities was presented at this symposium. Cytokines play a broad role to help the immune system respond to diseases, and drugs which modulate their effect have led to some amazing therapies. Cytokines may be "good" when stimulating the immune system to fight a foreign pathogen or attack tumors. Other "good" cytokine effects include reduction of an immune response, for example interferon β reduction of neuron inflammation in patients with multiple sclerosis. They may be "bad" when their expression causes inflammatory diseases, such as the role of tumor necrosis factor α in rheumatoid arthritis or asthma and Crohn's disease. Therapeutic modulation of cytokine expression can help the "good" cytokines to generate or quench the immune system and block the "bad" cytokines to prevent damaging inflammatory events. However, care must be exercised, as some antibody therapeutics can cause "ugly" cytokine release which can be deadly. Well-designed toxicology studies should incorporate careful assessment of cytokine modulation that will allow effective therapies to treat unmet needs. This symposium discussed lessons learned in cytokine toxicology using case studies and suggested future directions.
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Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. CD28 signal blockade after T cell receptor activation is under intense investigation as a tolerance-inducing therapy for transplantation. Our goal is to produce a CD28-specific reagent as a therapy for the prevention of graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease in the canine model of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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Haanstra KG, Dijkman K, Bashir N, Bauer J, Mary C, Poirier N, Baker P, Crossan CL, Scobie L, 't Hart BA, Vanhove B. Selective blockade of CD28-mediated T cell costimulation protects rhesus monkeys against acute fatal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1454-66. [PMID: 25589073 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Costimulatory and coinhibitory receptor-ligand pairs on T cells and APC control the immune response. We have investigated whether selective blockade of CD28-CD80/86 costimulatory interactions, which preserves the coinhibitory CTLA4-CD80/86 interactions and the function of regulatory T (Treg) cells, abrogates the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rhesus monkeys. EAE was induced by intracutaneous immunization with recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (rhMOG) in CFA on day 0. FR104 is a monovalent, PEGylated-humanized Fab' Ab fragment against human CD28, cross-reactive with rhesus monkey CD28. FR104 or placebo was administered on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. FR104 levels remained high until the end of the study (day 42). Placebo-treated animals all developed clinical EAE between days 12 and 27. FR104-treated animals did not develop clinical EAE and were sacrificed at the end of the study resulting in a significantly prolonged survival. FR104 treatment diminished T and B cell responses against rhMOG, significantly reduced CNS inflammation and prevented demyelination. The inflammatory profile in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain material was also strongly reduced. Recrudescence of latent virus was investigated in blood, spleen, and brain. No differences between groups were observed for the β-herpesvirus CMV and the polyomaviruses SV40 and SA12. Cross-sectional measurement of lymphocryptovirus, the rhesus monkey EBV, demonstrated elevated levels in the blood of FR104-treated animals. Blocking rhesus monkey CD28 with FR104 mitigated autoreactive T and B cell activation and prevented CNS pathology in the rhMOG/CFA EAE model in rhesus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista G Haanstra
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, the Netherlands;
| | - Karin Dijkman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Noun Bashir
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Bauer
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Paul Baker
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Linda Scobie
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Department of Neuroscience, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Bernard Vanhove
- Effimune SAS, 44035 Nantes, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, 44093 Nantes, France
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Poirier N, Dilek N, Mary C, Ville S, Coulon F, Branchereau J, Tillou X, Charpy V, Pengam S, Nerriere-Daguin V, Hervouet J, Minault D, Le Bas-Bernardet S, Renaudin K, Vanhove B, Blancho G. FR104, an antagonist anti-CD28 monovalent fab' antibody, prevents alloimmunization and allows calcineurin inhibitor minimization in nonhuman primate renal allograft. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:88-100. [PMID: 25488654 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Selective targeting of CD28 might represent an effective immunomodulation strategy by preventing T cell costimulation, while favoring coinhibition since inhibitory signals transmitted through CTLA-4; PD-L1 and B7 would not be affected. We previously showed in vitro and in vivo that anti-CD28 antagonists suppress effector T cells while enhancing regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression and immune tolerance. Here, we evaluate FR104, a novel antagonist pegylated anti-CD28 Fab' antibody fragment, in nonhuman primate renal allotransplantation. FR104, in association with low doses of tacrolimus or with rapamycin in a steroid-free therapy, prevents acute rejection and alloantibody development and prolongs allograft survival. However, when FR104 was associated with mycophenolate mofetil and steroids, half of the recipients rejected their grafts prematurely. Finally, we observed an accumulation of Helios-negative Tregs in the blood and within the graft after FR104 therapy, confirmed by Treg-specific demethylated region DNA analysis. In conclusion, FR104 reinforces immunosuppression in calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-low or CNI-free protocols, without the need of steroids. Accumulation of intragraft Tregs suggested the promotion of immunoregulatory mechanisms. Selective CD28 antagonists might become an alternative CNI-sparing strategy to B7 antagonists for kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Poirier
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Effimune SAS, Nantes, France
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Mou D, Espinosa J, Lo DJ, Kirk AD. CD28 negative T cells: is their loss our gain? Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2460-6. [PMID: 25323029 PMCID: PMC4886707 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CD28 is a primary costimulation molecule for T cell activation. However, during the course of activation some T cells lose this molecule and assume a CD28-independent existence. These CD28- T cells are generally antigen-experienced and highly differentiated. CD28- T cells are functionally heterogeneous. Their characteristics vary largely on the context in which they are found and range from having enhanced cytotoxic abilities to promoting immune regulation. Thus, CD28 loss appears to be more of a marker for advanced differentiation regardless of the cytotoxic or regulatory function being conducted by the T cell. CD28- T cells are now being recognized as playing significant roles in several human diseases. Various functional CD28- populations have been characterized in inflammatory conditions, infections and cancers. Of note, the recent introduction of costimulation blockade-based therapies, particularly those that inhibit CD28-B7 interactions, has made CD28 loss particularly relevant for solid organ transplantation. Certain CD28- T cell populations seem to promote allograft tolerance whereas others contribute to alloreactivity and costimulation blockade resistant rejection. Elucidating the interplay between these populations and characterizing the determinants of their ultimate function may have relevance for clinical risk stratification and personal determination of optimal posttransplant immune management.
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28
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Gardner D, Jeffery LE, Sansom DM. Understanding the CD28/CTLA-4 (CD152) pathway and its implications for costimulatory blockade. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1985-91. [PMID: 25098238 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
T cell activation is a key event in the adaptive immune system and vital in the generation of protective cellular and humoral immunity. Activation is required to generate CD4 effector T cell responses and provide help for B cell and cytotoxic T cell responses. While defective T responses to foreign antigen result in infectious pathology, over-reactive T cell responses against self-antigens result in autoimmunity and, in a transplantation setting, tissue rejection. Understanding how T cell activation is normally regulated is critical to therapeutic intervention and the CD28/CTLA-4 (CD152) pathway represents the initial activation checkpoint in molecular terms. In particular, while the CTLA-4 pathway is well established as an essential regulator of self-reactivity, its mechanism of action is still uncertain. Such mechanistic issues are important given its central position in T cell activation and the increasing number of therapeutic modalities aimed at manipulating the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway. Here, we provide an updated view of CTLA-4 biology, reviewing the established features of the system and highlighting its interplay with CD28. We then discuss how recent progress in our understanding of this pathway affects our interpretations following intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gardner
- University of Birmingham, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Birmingham, UK
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Papotto PH, Marengo EB, Sardinha LR, Goldberg AC, Rizzo LV. Immunotherapeutic strategies in autoimmune uveitis. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:909-16. [PMID: 24833504 PMCID: PMC4181827 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is an organ-specific disorder characterized by irreversible lesions to the eye that predominantly affect people in their most productive years and is among the leading causes of visual deficit and blindness. Currently available therapies are effective in the treatment of a wide spectrum of uveitis, but are often associated with severe side effects. Here, we review ongoing research with promising immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies, describing their specific features, interactions and the responses triggered by the targeted immune molecules that aim to minimize clinical complications and the likelihood of disease relapse. We first review the main features of the disease, diagnostic tools, and traditional forms of therapy, as well as the animal models predominantly used to understand the pathogenesis and test the novel intervention approaches aiming to control the acute immune and inflammatory responses and to dampen chronic responses. Both exploratory research and clinical trials have targeted either the blockade of effector pathways or of their companion co-stimulatory molecules. Examples of targets are T cell receptors (CD3), their co-stimulatory receptors (CD28, CTLA-4) and corresponding ligands (B7-1 and B7-2, also known as CD80 and CD86), and cytokines like IL-2 and their receptors. Here, we summarize the available evidence on effectiveness of these treatments in human and experimental uveitis and highlight a novel CD28 antagonist monovalent Fab′ antibody, FR104, which has shown preclinical efficacy suppressing effector T cells while enhancing regulatory T cell function and immune tolerance in a humanized graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mice model and is currently being tested in a mouse autoimmune uveitis model with encouraging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Papotto
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein 627-701, 2-SS Bloco A, 05651-901 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Blini Marengo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein 627-701, 2-SS Bloco A, 05651-901 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Sardinha
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein 627-701, 2-SS Bloco A, 05651-901 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Carla Goldberg
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein 627-701, 2-SS Bloco A, 05651-901 São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), Brazil
| | - Luiz Vicente Rizzo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein 627-701, 2-SS Bloco A, 05651-901 São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), Brazil.
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Poirier N, Mary C, Le Bas-Bernardet S, Daguin V, Belarif L, Chevalier M, Hervouet J, Minault D, Ville S, Charpy V, Blancho G, Vanhove B. Advantages of Papio anubis for preclinical testing of immunotoxicity of candidate therapeutic antagonist antibodies targeting CD28. MAbs 2014; 6:697-707. [PMID: 24598534 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.28375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonist anti-CD28 antibodies prevent T-cell costimulation and are functionally different from CTLA4Ig since they cannot block CTLA-4 and PDL-1 co-inhibitory signals. They demonstrated preclinical efficacy in suppressing effector T cells while enhancing immunoregulatory mechanisms. Because a severe cytokine release syndrome was observed during the Phase 1 study with the superagonist anti-CD28 TGN1412, development of other anti-CD28 antibodies requires careful preclinical evaluation to exclude any potential immunotoxicity side-effects. The failure to identify immunological toxicity of TGN1412 using macaques led us to investigate more relevant preclinical models. We report here that contrary to macaques, and like in man, all baboon CD4-positive T lymphocytes express CD28 in their effector memory cells compartment, a lymphocyte subtype that is the most prone to releasing cytokines after reactivation. Baboon lymphocytes are able to release pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro in response to agonist or superagonist anti-CD28 antibodies. Furthermore, we compared the reactivity of human and baboon lymphocytes after transfer into non obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) interleukin-2rγ knockout mice and confirmed that both cell types could release inflammatory cytokines in situ after injection of agonistic anti-CD28 antibodies. In contrast, FR104, a monovalent antagonistic anti-CD28 antibody, did not elicit T cell activation in these assays, even in the presence of anti-drug antibodies. Infusion to baboons also resulted in an absence of cytokine release. In conclusion, the baboon represents a suitable species for preclinical immunotoxicity evaluation of anti-CD28 antibodies because their effector memory T cells do express CD28 and because cytokine release can be assessed in vitro and trans vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poirier
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN) ; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France; Effimune SAS; Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Mary
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN) ; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France; Effimune SAS; Nantes, France
| | - Stephanie Le Bas-Bernardet
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN) ; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire; Nantes, France
| | - Veronique Daguin
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN) ; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France
| | - Lyssia Belarif
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN) ; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France
| | - Melanie Chevalier
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN) ; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France
| | - Jeremy Hervouet
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN) ; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France
| | - David Minault
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN) ; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France
| | - Simon Ville
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN) ; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France
| | - Vianney Charpy
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN) ; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN) ; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire; Nantes, France
| | - Bernard Vanhove
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN) ; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France; Effimune SAS; Nantes, France
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Dilek N, Poirier N, Hulin P, Coulon F, Mary C, Ville S, Vie H, Clémenceau B, Blancho G, Vanhove B. Targeting CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-L1 costimulation differentially controls immune synapses and function of human regulatory and conventional T-cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83139. [PMID: 24376655 PMCID: PMC3871694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-L1, the three identified ligands for CD80/86, are pivotal positive and negative costimulatory molecules that, among other functions, control T cell motility and formation of immune synapse between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). What remains incompletely understood is how CD28 leads to the activation of effector T cells (Teff) but inhibition of suppression by regulatory T cells (Tregs), while CTLA-4 and PD-L1 inhibit Teff function but are crucial for the suppressive function of Tregs. Using alloreactive human T cells and blocking antibodies, we show here by live cell dynamic microscopy that CD28, CTLA-4, and PD-L1 differentially control velocity, motility and immune synapse formation in activated Teff versus Tregs. Selectively antagonizing CD28 costimulation increased Treg dwell time with APCs and induced calcium mobilization which translated in increased Treg suppressive activity, in contrast with the dampening effect on Teff responses. The increase in Treg suppressive activity after CD28 blockade was also confirmed with polyclonal Tregs. Whereas CTLA-4 played a critical role in Teff by reversing TCR-induced STOP signals, it failed to affect motility in Tregs but was essential for formation of the Treg immune synapse. Furthermore, we identified a novel role for PD-L1-CD80 interactions in suppressing motility specifically in Tregs. Thus, our findings reveal that the three identified ligands of CD80/86, CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-L1, differentially control immune synapse formation and function of the human Teff and Treg cells analyzed here. Individually targeting CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-L1 might therefore represent a valuable therapeutic strategy to treat immune disorders where effector and regulatory T cell functions need to be differentially targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahzli Dilek
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de Recherche 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Poirier
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de Recherche 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Hulin
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de Recherche 892, Nantes, France
- Cellular and Tissular Imaging Core Facility (MicroPICell), Nantes, France
| | - Flora Coulon
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de Recherche 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Mary
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de Recherche 1064, Nantes, France
- Effimune S.A.S, Nantes, France
| | - Simon Ville
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de Recherche 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Henri Vie
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de Recherche 892, Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Clémenceau
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de Recherche 892, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de Recherche 1064, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Bernard Vanhove
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de Recherche 1064, Nantes, France
- Effimune S.A.S, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
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32
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Abstract
T cells must be activated before they can elicit damage to allografts, through interaction of their T cell receptor (TCR) with peptide-MHC complex and through accessory molecules. Signaling through accessory molecules or costimulatory molecules is a critical way for the immune system to fine tune T cell activation. An emerging therapeutic strategy is to target selective molecules involved in the process of T cell activation using biologic agents, which do not impact TCR signaling, thus only manipulating the T cells, which recognize alloantigen. Costimulatory receptors and their ligands are attractive targets for this strategy and could be used both to prevent acute graft rejection as well as for maintenance immunosuppression. Therapeutic agents targeting costimulatory molecules, notably belatacept, have made the progression from the bench, through nonhuman primate studies and into the clinic. This overview describes some of the most common costimulatory molecules, their role in T cell activation, and the development of reagents, which target these pathways and their efficacy in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathryn J Wood
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU UK
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Mary C, Coulon F, Poirier N, Dilek N, Martinet B, Blancho G, Vanhove B. Antagonist properties of monoclonal antibodies targeting human CD28: role of valency and the heavy-chain constant domain. MAbs 2012; 5:47-55. [PMID: 23221503 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.22697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antagonist antibodies targeting CD28 have been proposed as an alternative to the use of CD80/86 antagonists to modulate T cell responses in autoimmunity and transplantation. Advantages would be the blockade of CD28-mediated co-stimulatory signals without impeding the co-inhibitory signals dependent on CD80 interactions with CTLA-4 and PD-L1 that are important for the control of immune responses and for the function of regulatory T cells. Anti-CD28 antibodies are candidate antagonists only if they prevent access to the CD80/86 ligands without simultaneously stimulating CD28 itself, a process that is believed to depend on receptor multimerization. In this study, we evaluated the impact of different formats of a potentially antagonist anti-human CD28 antibody on T cell activation. In particular, we examined the role of valency and of the presence of an Fc domain, two components that might affect receptor multimerization either directly or in the presence of accessory cells expressing Fc receptors. Among monovalent (Fab', scFv), divalent (Fab'2), monovalent-Fc (Fv-Fc) and divalent-Fc (IgG) formats, only the monovalent formats showed consistent absence of induced CD28 multimerization and absence of associated activation of phosphoinositol-3-kinase, and clear antagonist properties in T cell stimulation assays. In contrast, divalent antibodies showed agonist properties that resulted in cell proliferation and cytokine release in an Fc-independent manner. Conjugation of monovalent antibodies with polyethylene glycol, α-1-antitrypsin or an Fc domain significantly extended their in vivo half-life without modifying their antagonist properties. In conclusion, these data indicate that monovalency is mandatory for maintaining the antagonistic activity of anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mary
- Institut National de Santé Et de Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-Santé, Nantes, France
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Vanhove B, Azimzadeh A. Reply to "Biologics in organ transplantation". Transpl Int 2012; 26:e25. [PMID: 23176194 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Poirier N, Mary C, Dilek N, Hervouet J, Minault D, Blancho G, Vanhove B. Preclinical efficacy and immunological safety of FR104, an antagonist anti-CD28 monovalent Fab' antibody. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2630-40. [PMID: 22759318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antagonist anti-CD28 antibodies prevent T cell costimulation and differentiate from CTLA4Ig since they cannot block CTLA-4 and PDL-1 coinhibitory signals. They demonstrated efficacy in suppressing effector T cells while enhancing regulatory T cells function and immune tolerance. However, anti-CD28 antibodies devoid of immunotoxicity and with a good pharmacokinetic profile have not yet been developed. Here, we describe FR104, a novel humanized pegylated anti-CD28 Fab' antibody fragment presenting a long elimination half-life in monkeys. In vitro, FR104 failed to induce human T cell proliferation and cytokines secretion, even in the presence of anti-CD3 antibodies or when cross-linked with secondary antibodies. Furthermore, in humanized NOD/SCID mice adoptively transferred with human PBMC, whereas superagonist and divalent antibodies elicited rapid cytokines secretion and human T cell activation, FR104 did not. These humanized mice developed a florid graft-versus-host disease, which was prevented by administration of FR104 in a CTLA4-dependent manner. Interestingly, administration of high doses of CTLA4-Ig was ineffective to prevent GVHD, whereas administration of low doses was partially effective. In conclusion, we demonstrated that FR104 is devoid of agonist activity on human T cells and thus compatible with a clinical development that might lead to higher therapeutic indexes, by sparing CTLA-4, as compared to CD80/CD86 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Poirier
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Nantes, France
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