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Whole RNA-sequencing and gene expression analysis of Trichoderma harzianum Tr-92 under chlamydospore-producing condition. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:689-699. [PMID: 30968334 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoderma is one of the most important biocontrol fungi, which could produce mycelia, conidiospores, and chlamydospores three types of propagules under different conditions. Chlamydospores are produced in harsh conditions in various fungi, and may be more resistant to adverse conditions. However, the knowledge associated with the mechanism of chlamydospore formation remained unclear in Trichoderma. OBJECTIVES This study is aimed to explore the essential genes and regulatory pathways associated with chlamydospore formation in Trichoderma. METHODS The culture condition, survival rate, and biocontrol effects of chlamydospores and conidiospores from Trichoderma.harzianum Tr-92 were determined. Furthermore, the whole transcriptome profiles of T. harzianum Tr-92 under chlamydospore-producing and chlamydospore-nonproducing conditions were performed. RESULTS T. harzianum Tr-92 produced chlamydospores under particular conditions, and chlamydospore-based formulation of T. harzianum Tr-92 exhibited higher biocontrol ability against Botrytis cinerea in cucumber than conidoiospore-based formulation. In the transcriptome analysis, a total of 2,029 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in T. harzianum Tr-92 under chlamydospore-producing condition, compared to that under chlamydospore-nonproducing condition. GO classification indicated that the DEGs were significantly enriched in 284 terms among biological process, cellular components and molecular function categories. A total of 19 pathways were observed with DEGs by KEGG analysis. Furthermore, fifteen DEGs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR, and the expression profiles were consistent with the transcriptome data. CONCLUSION The results would provide a basis on the molecular mechanisms underlying Trichoderma sporulation, which would assist the development and application of fungal biocontrol agents.
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Nakamura S, Okamoto MR, Yamamoto K, Tsurumoto A, Yoshino Y, Iwabuchi H, Saito I, Maeda N, Nakagawa Y. The Candida species that are important for the development of atrophic glossitis in xerostomia patients. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:153. [PMID: 29246167 PMCID: PMC5732471 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to clarify the species of Candida that are important for the development of atrophic glossitis in xerostomia patients. Methods A total of 231 patients with subjective dry mouth were enrolled in the present study. Logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify the contribution of each Candida species and other variables to the development of atrophic glossitis. The dependent variable was the absence/presence of atrophic glossitis. The Candida colony-forming units (CFU) of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei, as well as age, gender, resting (RSFR) and stimulated (SSFR) whole salivary flow rate, and denture-wearing status, were treated as explanatory variables. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that two factors were closely associated with the presence of atrophic glossitis: an increase in C. albicans CFU and a decrease in the SSFR. Conclusions C. albicans, but not non-albicans Candida, was associated with atrophic glossitis in xerostomia patients who had no systemic predisposing factors, indicating that C. albicans remains a treatment target for Candida-related atrophic glossitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachika Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology., Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.,Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mariko R Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology., Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.,Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Kobayashi Dental Clinic, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology., Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.,Community Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihisa Tsurumoto
- Community Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshino
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology., Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sagami Women's University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwabuchi
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Saito
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology., Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuko Maeda
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology., Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
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Livério HO, Ruiz LDS, Freitas RSD, Nishikaku A, Souza ACD, Paula CR, Domaneschi C. Phenotypic and genotypic detection of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis strains isolated from oral mucosa of AIDS pediatric patients. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e14. [PMID: 28423089 PMCID: PMC5398186 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess a collection of yeasts to verify the presence of Candida dubliniensis among strains isolated from the oral mucosa of AIDS pediatric patients which were initially characterized as Candida albicans by the traditional phenotypic method, as well as to evaluate the main phenotypic methods used in the discrimination between the two species and confirm the identification through genotypic techniques, i.e., DNA sequencing. Twenty-nine samples of C. albicans isolated from this population and kept in a fungi collection were evaluated and re-characterized. In order to differentiate the two species, phenotypic tests (Thermotolerance tests, Chromogenic medium, Staib agar, Tobacco agar, Hypertonic medium) were performed and genotypic techniques using DNA sequencing were employed for confirmation of isolated species. Susceptibility and specificity were calculated for each test. No phenotypic test alone was sufficient to provide definitive identification of C. dubliniensis or C. albicans, as opposed to results of molecular tests. After amplification and sequencing of specific regions of the 29 studied strains, 93.1% of the isolates were identified as C. albicans and 6.9% as C. dubliniensis. The Staib agar assay showed a higher susceptibility (96.3%) in comparison with other phenotypic techniques. Therefore, genotypic methods are indispensable for the conclusive identification and differentiation between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harisson Oliveira Livério
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Estomatologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roseli Santos de Freitas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Nishikaku
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório Especial de Micologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Estomatologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudete Rodrigues Paula
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Estomatologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Domaneschi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Estomatologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Böttcher B, Pöllath C, Staib P, Hube B, Brunke S. Candida species Rewired Hyphae Developmental Programs for Chlamydospore Formation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1697. [PMID: 27833594 PMCID: PMC5081361 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydospore formation is a characteristic of many fungal species, among them the closely related human-pathogenic dimorphic yeasts Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis. Whereas function and regulation of filamentation are well-studied in these species, the basis of chlamydospore formation is mostly unknown. Here, we investigate the contribution of environmental and genetic factors and identified central proteins involved in species-specific regulation of chlamydosporulation. We show that specific nutrient levels strongly impact chlamydospore initiation, with starvation favoring sporulation and elevated levels of saccharides or peptone inhibiting it. Thresholds for these nutritional effects differ between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, which explain species-specific chlamydospore formation on certain diagnostic media. A C. albicans nrg1Δ mutant phenocopied C. dubliniensis, putting Nrg1 regulation at the basis of species-specific chlamydospore formation under various conditions. By screening a series of potential chlamydospore regulators, we identified the TOR and cAMP pathways as crucial for sporulation. As rapamycin treatment blocked chlamydosporulation, a low basal Tor1 activity seems to be essential. In addition, TOR effector pathways play an important role, and loss of the NCR (nitrogen catabolite repression) gene regulators Gat1 and Gln3 reduced chlamydospore formation. A severe reduction was seen for a C. albicans gcn4Δ deletion strain, implicating a link between regulation of amino acid biosynthesis and chlamydospore development. On the other hand, deletion of the GTPase gene RAS1 and the adenylyl cyclase gene CYR1 caused a defect in chlamydospore formation that was mostly rescued by cAMP supplementation. Thus, cAMP-signaling is a second major pathway to control chlamydospore production. Finally, we confirmed light exposure to have a repressive effect on chlamydosporulation. However, permanent illumination only reduced, but not abolished chlamydospore production of C. albicans whereas C. dubliniensis sporulation was unaffected. In summary, we describe novel environmental factors which determine chlamydosporulation and propose a first model for the regulatory network of chlamydospore formation by different Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Böttcher
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knöll-Institute Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Pöllath
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knöll-InstituteJena, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Jena University HospitalJena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University HospitalJena, Germany
| | - Peter Staib
- Department of Research and Development, Kneipp GmbH Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knöll-InstituteJena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University HospitalJena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knöll-Institute Jena, Germany
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Arruda C, Artico G, Freitas R, Filho A, Migliari D. Prevalence of Candida spp. in Healthy Oral Mucosa Surfaces with Higher Incidence of Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:618-622. [PMID: 27659076 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Predisposing factors in chronic hyperplastic candidosis (CHC) have been poorly recognized. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of Candida spp. in areas of the oral mucosa showing greater prevalent rate of CHC, such as the retrocomissural area, the lateral borders of the tongue, and the hard-palate mucosa in four groups of individuals presenting predisposing factors as follows: Smoking habits (group I); patients with low salivary flow rate (SFR) (hyposalivation - group II); patients with loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (LVDO -group III); and control subjects (group IV). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 44 individuals (age 4090 years, mean: 55.8 years) were divided into four groups: Group I (11 smokers); group II (10 hyposalivation patients); group III (10 LVDO patients); and group IV (control, 13 healthy subjects). All individuals were tested for Candida-pseudohyphae form by direct examination and for Candida spp. culture growth in samples obtained from the retrocomissural, tongue's lateral border, and hard-soft palatal mucosa. RESULTS Direct examination showed a statistically significant prevalence rate for pseudohyphae (p < 0.05) on the retrocomissural and on tongue's lateral borders of individuals with LVDO. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) culture growth for Candida spp. was found on the retrocomissural areas of those with hyposalivation and with LVDO, and on the palate mucosa and on the tongue's lateral borders in the smokers and in the individuals with LVDO when compared with those of the control group. CONCLUSION While direct examination is effective for detecting pseudohyphae, LVDO and tobacco smoking seem to be factors of relevance to the development of CHC. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Since CHC has been linked to a high rate of malignant transformation, this study analyzes some clinical (and exogenous) factors that may contribute to the development of CHC and addresses some preventive measures to reduce its incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claúdia Arruda
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Artico
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roseli Freitas
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Division of Dermatology School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Filho
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Division of Dermatology School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dante Migliari
- Associate Professor, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Disciplina de Estomatologia Clínica, Faculdade de Odontologia Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +551130917883, e-mail:
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Stefaniuk E, Baraniak A, Fortuna M, Hryniewicz W. Usefulness of CHROMagar Candida Medium, Biochemical Methods--API ID32C and VITEK 2 Compact and Two MALDI-TOF MS Systems for Candida spp. Identification. Pol J Microbiol 2016; 65:111-4. [PMID: 27282002 DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1197283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare of the yeasts identification results obtained with two new systems using the MALDI-TOF MS technique with the ones obtained using the routine identification methods of Candida spp. in clinical microbiology laboratories. All 124 Candida spp. isolates were recovered from the routine examination of clinical specimens in microbiological laboratories and collected in the Centre of Quality Control in Microbiology in Warsaw (Poland). Our findings confirm the high agreement (98%) of fungal identification using the standard, biochemistry laboratory methods and mass spectrometry technique.
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7
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Design and evaluation of peptide nucleic acid probes for specific identification of Candida albicans. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 53:511-21. [PMID: 25428160 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02417-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an important cause of systemic fungal infections, and rapid diagnostics for identifying and differentiating C. albicans from other Candida species are critical for the timely application of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, improved patient outcomes, and pharmaceutical cost savings. In this work, two 28S rRNA-directed peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) probes, P-Ca726 (targeting a novel region of the ribosome) and P-CalB2208 (targeting a previously reported region), were evaluated. Hybridization conditions were optimized by using both fluorescence microscopy (FM) and flow cytometry (FCM), and probes were screened for specificity and discriminative ability against a panel of C. albicans and various nontarget Candida spp. The performance of these PNA probes was compared quantitatively against that of DNA probes or DNA probe/helper combinations directed against the same target regions. Ratiometric analyses of FCM results indicated that both the hybridization quality and yield of the PNA probes were higher than those of the DNA probes. In FCM-based comparisons of the PNA probes, P-Ca726 was found to be highly specific, showing 2.5- to 5.5-fold-higher discriminatory power for C. albicans than P-CalB2208. The use of formamide further improved the performance of the new probe. Our results reinforce the significant practical and diagnostic advantages of PNA probes over their DNA counterparts for FISH and indicate that P-Ca726 may be used advantageously for the rapid and specific identification of C. albicans in clinical and related applications, especially when combined with FCM.
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Tay LY, Jorge JH, Herrera DR, Campanha NH, Gomes BP, Andre dos Santos F. Evaluation of different treatment methods against denture stomatitis: a randomized clinical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Neppelenbroek KH, Seó RS, Urban VM, Silva S, Dovigo LN, Jorge JH, Campanha NH. Identification of
Candida
species in the clinical laboratory: a review of conventional, commercial, and molecular techniques. Oral Dis 2013; 20:329-44. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- KH Neppelenbroek
- Department of Prosthodontics Bauru Dental School University of São Paulo‐USP Bauru São PauloBrazil
| | - RS Seó
- Department of Prosthodontics Varzea Grande School of Dentistry Varzea Grande Mato GrossoBrazil
| | - VM Urban
- Department of Dentistry Ponta Grossa State University‐UEPG Ponta Grossa Paraná Brazil
| | - S Silva
- Department of Biological Engineering Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering University of Minho Braga Portugal
| | - LN Dovigo
- Department of Social Dentistry Araraquara Dental School UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista Araraquara São PauloBrazil
| | - JH Jorge
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araraquara Dental School UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - NH Campanha
- Department of Dentistry Ponta Grossa State University‐UEPG Ponta Grossa Paraná Brazil
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Artico G, Freitas RS, Santos Filho AM, Benard G, Romiti R, Migliari DA. Prevalence of Candida spp., xerostomia, and hyposalivation in oral lichen planus--a controlled study. Oral Dis 2013; 20:e36-41. [PMID: 23656547 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of Candida spp., xerostomia, and salivary flow rate (SFR) in three different groups: patients with OLP (OLP group), patients with oral mucosal lesions other than OLP (non-OLP group), and subjects without oral mucosal lesions (control group). MATERIAL AND METHODS Xerostomia as well as SFR was investigated in the three groups. Samples for isolation of Candida spp. were collected from OLP lesions (38 patients), non-OLP lesions (28 patients), and healthy subjects (32 subjects). RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference regarding the frequency of xerostomia and hyposalivation among the three groups (P > 0.05). A higher prevalence for colonization by Candida spp. was found in the healthy subject as compared to that of patients with OLP (P = 0.03) and non-OLP (P = 0.02) groups. Low SFR was not a factor for colonization by Candida spp. CONCLUSIONS Xerostomia and hyposalivation occur with similar frequency in subjects with and without oral lesions; also, the presence of oral lesions does not increase the susceptibility to colonization by Candida spp. It seems that any study implicating Candida spp. in the malignant transformation of oral lesions should be carried out mostly on a biochemical basis, that is, by testing the capability of Candida spp. to produce carcinogenic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Artico
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Paranhos HDFO, Salles AES, Macedo LDD, Silva-Lovato CHD, Pagnano VO, Watanabe E. Complete denture biofilm after brushing with specific denture paste, neutral soap and artificial saliva. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:47-52. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201301946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the levels of biofilm in maxillary and mandibular complete dentures and evaluated the number of colony-forming units (cfu) of yeasts, after using auxiliary brushing agents and artificial saliva. Twenty-three denture wearers with hyposalivation and xerostomia were instructed to brush the dentures 3 times a day during 3 weeks with the following products: Corega Brite denture dentifrice, neutral liquid soap, Corega Brite combined with Oral Balance (artificial saliva) or tap water. For biofilm quantification, the internal surfaces of the dentures were disclosed, photographed and measured using a software. For microbiological analysis, the biofilm was scrapped off, and the harvested material was diluted, sown in CHROMagar™ Candida and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Mandibular dentures presented a mean biofilm percentage (µ=26.90 ± 21.10) significantly greater than the maxillary ones (µ=18.0 ± 15.0) (p<0.05). Brushing using Corega Brite combined with Oral Balance (µ=15.87 ± 18.47) was more effective (p<0.05) than using the denture dentifrice (µ=19.47 ± 17.24), neutral soap (µ=23.90 ± 18.63) or tap water (control; µ=32.50 ± 20.68). For the microbiological analysis, the chi-square test did not indicate significant difference between the hygiene products for either type of denture. The more frequently isolated species of yeasts were C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. In conclusion, mandibular dentures had more biofilm formation than maxillary ones. Denture brushing with Corega Brite dentifrice combined with the use of Oral Balance was the most effective method for reduction of biofilm levels, but the use of products did not show difference in yeast cfu counts.
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Weerasekera MM, Sissons CH, Wong L, Anderson S, Holmes AR, Cannon RD. Use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for the identification of mixed oral yeasts in human saliva. J Med Microbiol 2012; 62:319-330. [PMID: 23065546 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.050237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was established for the simultaneous presumptive identification of multiple yeast species commonly present in the oral cavity. Published primer sets targeting different regions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 26-28S rRNA gene (denoted primer sets N and U) and the 18S rRNA gene (primer set E) were evaluated with ten Candida and four non-Candida yeast species, and twenty Candida albicans isolates. Optimized PCR-DGGE conditions using primer set N were applied to presumptively identify, by band matching, yeasts in the saliva of 25 individuals. Identities were confirmed by DNA sequencing and compared with those using CHROMagar Candida culture. All primer sets yielded detectable DGGE bands for all species tested. Primer set N yielded mainly single bands and could distinguish all species examined, including differentiating Candida dubliniensis from C. albicans. Primer set U was less discriminatory among species but yielded multiple bands that distinguished subspecies groups within C. albicans. Primer set E gave poor yeast discrimination. DGGE analysis identified yeasts in 17 of the 25 saliva samples. Six saliva samples contained two yeast species: three contained C. albicans and three C. dubliniensis. C. dubliniensis was present alone in one saliva sample (total prevalence 16 %). CHROMagar culture detected yeasts in 16 of the yeast-containing saliva samples and did not enable identification of 7 yeast species identified by DGGE. In conclusion, DGGE identification of oral yeast species with primer set N is a relatively fast and reliable method for the simultaneous presumptive identification of mixed yeasts in oral saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula M Weerasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka.,Dental Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Chris H Sissons
- Dental Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Wong
- Dental Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Sally Anderson
- Dental Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Ann R Holmes
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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13
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Candida dubliniensis endophthalmitis: first case in North America. Int Ophthalmol 2012; 32:41-5. [PMID: 22222717 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-011-9499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To report an unusual case of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis due to Candida dubliniensis. Interventional case report of a 27-year-old immunocompetent male with loss of vision, dense vitritis, and chorioretinal infiltrates, who underwent a diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy. Microbiology cultures obtained by a diagnostic vitrectomy were positive for the growth of C. dubliniensis. This infectious process was then appropriately treated with intravitreal amphotericin B and systemic fluconazole with resolution of the endophthalmitis. Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is a condition that can masquerade other more common causes of endophthalmitis. Atypical cases of endophthalmitis may benefit from diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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Do hospital microbiology laboratories still need to distinguish Candida albicans from Candida dubliniensis? J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:4415. [PMID: 21998427 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.05923-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ribeiro PM, Querido SMR, Back-Brito GN, Mota AJ, Koga-Ito CY, Jorge AOC. Research on Candida dubliniensis in a Brazilian yeast collection obtained from cardiac transplant, tuberculosis, and HIV-positive patients, and evaluation of phenotypic tests using agar screening methods. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 71:81-6. [PMID: 21763095 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to research Candida dubliniensis among isolates present in a Brazilian yeast collection and to evaluate the main phenotypic methods for discrimination between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis from oral cavity. A total of 200 isolates, presumptively identified as C. albicans or C. dubliniensis obtained from heart transplant patients under immunosuppressive therapy, tuberculosis patients under antibiotic therapy, HIV-positive patients under antiretroviral therapy, and healthy subjects, were analyzed using the following phenotypic tests: formation and structural arrangement of chlamydospores on corn meal agar, casein agar, tobacco agar, and sunflower seed agar; growth at 45 °C; and germ tube formation. All strains were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In a preliminary screen for C. dubliniensis, 48 of the 200 isolates on corn meal agar, 30 of the 200 on casein agar, 16 of the 200 on tobacco agar, and 15 of the 200 on sunflower seed agar produced chlamydoconidia; 27 of the 200 isolates showed no or poor growth at 45 °C. All isolates were positive for germ tube formation. These isolates were considered suggestive of C. dubliniensis. All of them were subjected to PCR analysis using C. dubliniensis-specific primers. C. dubliniensis isolates were not found. C. dubliniensis isolates were not recovered in this study done with immunocompromised patients. Sunflower seed agar was the medium with the smallest number of isolates of C. albicans suggestive of C. dubliniensis. None of the phenotypic methods was 100% effective for discrimination between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Monteiro Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, São José dos Campos Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Candida albicans is increasing as an opportunistic pathogen causing candidemia and candidiasis worldwide. In addition, other non-albicans Candida species are now also associated with pertinent infections. These include the closely related C. dubliniensis, which shares many phenotypic similarities with C. albicans. These similarities pose problems in the identification of isolates and have previously led to misidentification of these species. As a result, several identification techniques based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics have been developed to differentiate between these Candida species. This review will focus on the similarities and differences between these two Candida species highlighting different identification methods and their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Ells
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Bisha B, Kim H, Brehm-Stecher B. Improved DNA-FISH for cytometric detection ofCandidaspp. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:881-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pasligh J, Radecke C, Fleischhacker M, Ruhnke M. Comparison of phenotypic methods for the identification of Candida dubliniensis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2010; 43:147-54. [PMID: 20457432 DOI: 10.1016/s1684-1182(10)60023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Mixed infections caused by different Candida species are the rule rather than the exception. The discrimination between the two closely related species Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis is not trivial. Therefore, there is a need for fast, reliable, and inexpensive methods with high specificity for the identification and differentiation of these two Candida species, which are frequently detected in the oral cavities of patients with a human immunodeficiency virus infection. METHODS We applied several phenotypic identification methods (growth on Rice-agar, Bird-seed agar, CHROMagar Candida, API ID 32C; growth at 42 degrees C and 45 degrees C) and compared them with genotyping by arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A sensitivity of 44% for the identification of C. dubliniensis was achieved for growth on Rice-agar, 97% for discrimination on Bird-seed agar, 95% with the assimilation profile index API ID 32C, and 97% when grown at 45 degrees C. We found two API codes not described for C. dubliniensis so far. Additionally, 88% of our C. dubliniensis isolates assimilated palatinose, in contrast to the 1% described in the API reference manual. CONCLUSION According to our results, cultivation of Candida isolates on Bird-seed agar after screening on CHROMagar Candida is a very sensitive, simple, and cost-effective method for discriminating C. dubliniensis from C. albicans in routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pasligh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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Molecular epidemiology of Candida albicans and its closely related yeasts Candida dubliniensis and Candida africana. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 47:212-4. [PMID: 18987171 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01540-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a molecular study to determine the occurrence of Candida albicans, Candida africana, and Candida dubliniensis in different clinical samples. The study provides new insights into the epidemiology of candidiasis in hospitalized patients in three hospitals in southern Italy. It also reports the first detailed epidemiological data concerning the occurrence of C. africana in clinical samples.
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Blanco MT, Sacristán B, Beteta A, Fernández-Calderón MC, Hurtado C, Pérez-Giraldo C, Gómez-García AC. Cellular surface hydrophobicity as an additional phenotypic criterion applied to differentiate strains of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 60:129-31. [PMID: 17900846 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated the cellular surface hydrophobicity (CSH) determination as an additional criterion to differentiate Candida albicans from Candida dubliniensis. Our results show that C. albicans when grown at 37 degrees C in Sabouraud is always hydrophilic, and C. dubliniensis presents high CSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Teresa Blanco
- Area of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
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Zanatta N, Borchhardt DM, Alves SH, Coelho HS, Squizani AMC, Marchi TM, Bonacorso HG, Martins MAP. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new (4,4,4-trihalo-3-oxo-but-1-enyl)-carbamic acid ethyl esters, (4,4,4-trihalo-3-hydroxy-butyl)-carbamic acid ethyl esters, and 2-oxo-6-trihalomethyl-[1,3]oxazinane-3-carboxylic acid ethyl esters. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:3174-84. [PMID: 16412654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a three-step synthesis of a new series of 4-substituted 2-oxo-6-trihalomethyl-[1,3]oxazinane-3-carboxylic acid ethyl esters, from beta-alkoxyvinyl trihalomethyl ketones of general formula X3C-C(O)-CH=C(R)-OR(1), where R = H, Me, Ph, and 4-Me-Ph; R(1) = Me and Et; and X = F and Cl. The Michael addition-substitution of the ethyl carbamate on beta-alkoxyvinyl trihalomethyl ketones furnished the corresponding (4,4,4-trihalo-3-oxo-but-1-enyl)-carbamic acid ethyl esters. These compounds underwent reduction with NaBH4 leading to the respective (4,4,4-trihalo-3-hydroxy-butyl)-carbamic acid ethyl esters. The 3-hydroxy-butyl carbamates were submitted to cyclization reaction with triphosgene to give a series of 4-substituted 2-oxo-6-trihalomethyl-[1,3]oxazinane-3-carboxylic acid ethyl esters. The in vitro antimicrobial activity, of some of the three new series of the title compounds, was assessed against a panel of microorganisms including yeast like fungi, bacteria, and algae, and their minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal fungicidal, bactericidal, and algacidal concentrations were determined. Some of the analyzed carbamates exhibited significant in vitro antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97.015-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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