1
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Medhi R, Akhtar H, Shunyu NB, Jamil M. Atypical presentation of oral and laryngeal tuberculosis in an adolescent. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e261888. [PMID: 39216888 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-261888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) in the adolescent population in the head and neck region may be atypical in the site of involvement, symptomatology and clinical presentation. We report a case of the management of oral and laryngeal TB in an early adolescent female who presented with ulceration over the palate and tonsillar region with uvula destruction and laryngeal symptoms and aim to highlight the atypical extrapulmonary manifestations of TB in the head and neck region in adolescent age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Medhi
- ENT -Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Hanifa Akhtar
- ENT -Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Md Jamil
- General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India
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2
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Lin CP, Lin CL, Wu HC, Chung CH, Chien WC. Risk of Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) among patients with insomnia: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39112. [PMID: 39093735 PMCID: PMC11296460 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the risk of Simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in patients with insomnia. This study applied a population-based retrospective cohort design. A total of 50,210 patients aged ≥ 20 years who had received a diagnosis of insomnia between 2000 and 2015. They were identified according to the corresponding International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code. The control cohort comprised 100,420 age-matched and sex-matched patients. Data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were employed from 2000 to 2015. The overall incidence of HSV-1 in the insomnia cohort was significantly higher than that in the comparison cohort (3.10 vs 0.33 per 1000 person-years). Patients with insomnia had a higher risk of HSV-1 infection, compared with the comparisons (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.18-5.58). For individuals divided into 3 age groups (≤40, 41-65, and >65 years old), the HSV-1 infection risk of the insomnia cohort was significantly greater than that of the comparisons. As the duration of insomnia increases, the risk of HSV-1 occurrence decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Lin
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine, and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Lin
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ching Wu
- Department of Nursing, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association (TIPSPA), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Rezazadeh F, Shojaei R, Jamalidoust M, Khosropanah H, Tabesh A, Tayebi khorami E. Effect of periodontal surgery on the salivary Herpes simplex virus-1 levels-a pilot study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:482-485. [PMID: 37293582 PMCID: PMC10245326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are one of the most important groups of human pathogenic viruses. The prominent characteristic of this virus is latency and the ability to reactivate. One of the possible factors for reactivation of this virus is dental procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary level of Herpes simplex viruses, before and after periodontal (crown lengthening) surgery and its relation with age and sex. Materials and methods 30 HSV seropositive patients, who needed the crown lengthening surgery and accepted to cooperate in this research, were included as experimental group of this study. Unstimulated Saliva samples of the patients were collected in 1.5 ml micro-tubes, before and 24 h after the surgery, and were analyzed by Premix EX taq probe qpcr, using PCR real-time method. Results No significant statistical differences were observed in the salivary level of HSV before and after crown lengthening procedure (p = 0.18). However, the level of HSV in saliva after surgery was significantly higher than its level before surgery in women as compared to men (p = 0.003). The differences in virus level did not have any significant relationship with patients' age (p = 0.9). Conclusion It seems that periodontal (crown lengthening) surgery does not affect the level of HSV in saliva yet, but it could be one of the stimulators of increased HSV level after surgery in women as compared to men; but age does not play an important role in changes of level of virus before and after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Rezazadeh
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rana Shojaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jamalidoust
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hengameh Khosropanah
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Tabesh
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Tayebi khorami
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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4
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Lalei M, Zarei K. Fabrication of RuNPs/TBA/PGE and its application for the electrochemical determination of trace amounts of acyclovir. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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5
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Ethosomal Gel for Topical Administration of Dimethyl Fumarate in the Treatment of HSV-1 Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044133. [PMID: 36835541 PMCID: PMC9967198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The infections caused by the HSV-1 virus induce lesions on the lips, mouth, face, and eye. In this study, an ethosome gel loaded with dimethyl fumarate was investigated as a possible approach to treat HSV-1 infections. A formulative study was conducted, evaluating the effect of drug concentration on size distribution and dimensional stability of ethosomes by photon correlation spectroscopy. Ethosome morphology was investigated by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, while the interaction between dimethyl fumarate and vesicles, and the drug entrapment capacity were respectively evaluated by FTIR and HPLC. To favor the topical application of ethosomes on mucosa and skin, different semisolid forms, based on xanthan gum or poloxamer 407, were designed and compared for spreadability and leakage. Dimethyl fumarate release and diffusion kinetics were evaluated in vitro by Franz cells. The antiviral activity against HSV-1 was tested by plaque reduction assay in Vero and HRPE monolayer cells, while skin irritation effect was evaluated by patch test on 20 healthy volunteers. The lower drug concentration was selected, resulting in smaller and longer stable vesicles, mainly characterized by a multilamellar organization. Dimethyl fumarate entrapment in ethosome was 91% w/w, suggesting an almost total recovery of the drug in the lipid phase. Xanthan gum 0.5%, selected to thicken the ethosome dispersion, allowed to control drug release and diffusion. The antiviral effect of dimethyl fumarate loaded in ethosome gel was demonstrated by a reduction in viral growth both 1 h and 4 h post-infection. Moreover, the patch test demonstrated the safety of the ethosomal gel applied on the skin.
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Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella Zoster Virus Infections in Cancer Patients. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020439. [PMID: 36851652 PMCID: PMC9961783 DOI: 10.3390/v15020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) are alpha herpesviruses that establish life-long latent infection in neuronal ganglia after primary infection. Periodic reactivation of these viruses results in recurrent infections that can have significant impact on patients' quality of life. HSV commonly causes oral and genital mucocutaneous infections whereas VZV is responsible for varicella/chickenpox and herpes zoster/shingles, but cancer patients are at particularly higher risk of complications including disseminated and visceral infections due to impaired cell-mediated immunity. While diagnosis of more common HSV and/or VZV infections is frequently clinically based, immunocompromised hosts may have atypical skin presentation or visceral involvement. Thus, diagnostic confirmation using virus-specific tests such as polymerase chain reaction or immunohistochemical staining is crucial in some cases. Oral acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir are usually used for mild to moderate infections and intravenous acyclovir is the drug of choice for severe or disseminated infections. Foscarnet can be used when acyclovir-resistance is confirmed or suspected. Pharmaceutical prophylaxis against HSV and/or VZV should be considered in high-risk cancers patients. Currently, there is no commercially available vaccine against HSV, but VZV vaccines are available to prevent varicella and zoster.
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7
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Lin HS, Lin PT, Tsai YS, Chi CC. Interventions for treatment of herpes labialis (cold sores on the lips). THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2022; 2022:CD015216. [PMCID: PMC9717743 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of interventions for treating herpes labialis among immunocompetent people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huang-Shen Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineChang Gung Memorial Hospital, ChiayiPuziTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Pei-Tzu Lin
- Department of PharmacyJen Ai Hospital, Dali BranchTaichungTaiwan,Department of Project ManagementChang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinkouTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yu-Shiun Tsai
- Medical Library, Department of Medical EducationChang Gung Memorial Hospital, ChiayiPuziTaiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Chi
- Department of DermatologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinkouTaoyuanTaiwan,School of Medicine, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
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8
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Glioma diagnosis and therapy: Current challenges and nanomaterial-based solutions. J Control Release 2022; 352:338-370. [PMID: 36206948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is often referred to as one of the most dreadful central nervous system (CNS)-specific tumors with rapidly-proliferating cancerous glial cells, accounting for nearly half of the brain tumors at an annual incidence rate of 30-80 per a million population. Although glioma treatment remains a significant challenge for researchers and clinicians, the rapid development of nanomedicine provides tremendous opportunities for long-term glioma therapy. However, several obstacles impede the development of novel therapeutics, such as the very tight blood-brain barrier (BBB), undesirable hypoxia, and complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Several efforts have been dedicated to exploring various nanoformulations for improving BBB permeation and precise tumor ablation to address these challenges. Initially, this article briefly introduces glioma classification and various pathogenic factors. Further, currently available therapeutic approaches are illustrated in detail, including traditional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical practices. Then, different innovative treatment strategies, such as tumor-treating fields, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and phototherapy, are emphasized. In conclusion, we summarize the article with interesting perspectives, providing suggestions for future glioma diagnosis and therapy improvement.
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9
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Khalifa C, Slim A, Maroua G, Sioud S, Hentati H, Selmi J. Herpes simplex virus infection: Management of primary oral lesions in children. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:CCR36127. [PMID: 35937022 PMCID: PMC9347697 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS) represents the most observed clinical feature of primary herpes infection with the simplex virus (HSV). It is often caused by HSV-1 and affects children most of the time. Unlike, the majority of primary HSV infections that is asymptomatic. It may be preceded by some prodromal symptoms like fever, anorexia, irritability, malaise, and headache. After the resolution of the primary infection, the virus remains latent in a nervous ganglion. The aim of the present paper was to report a case of severe PHGS with herpetic whitlow in a 10-year-old child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Khalifa
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral SurgeryDental Clinic of MonastirMonastirTunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11)University of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Afef Slim
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral SurgeryDental Clinic of MonastirMonastirTunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11)University of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Garma Maroua
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral SurgeryDental Clinic of MonastirMonastirTunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11)University of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Sameh Sioud
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral SurgeryDental Clinic of MonastirMonastirTunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11)University of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Hajer Hentati
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral SurgeryDental Clinic of MonastirMonastirTunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11)University of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Jamil Selmi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral SurgeryDental Clinic of MonastirMonastirTunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11)University of MonastirMonastirTunisia
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10
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Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy versus antiviral therapy in the treatment of herpetic gingivostomatitis among children: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Golestannejad Z, Khozeimeh F, Mehrasa M, Mirzaeei S, Sarfaraz D. A novel drug delivery system using acyclovir nanofiber patch for topical treatment of recurrent herpes labialis: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 8:184-190. [PMID: 34865318 PMCID: PMC8874070 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Topical treatment with acyclovir cream has shown low efficacy in recent studies. Nano drug delivery systems, have received much attention in recent decades. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of acyclovir nanofiber patch with acyclovir cream. Material and Methods In this double‐blind three‐armed randomized clinical trial, a total of 60 patients with recurrent labial herpes, were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of 20. The patients in the first, second, and third groups were treated with acyclovir nanofiber patch, placebo nanofiber patch, and acyclovir cream, respectively. A numerical scale was used by the patients to record the self‐reported symptoms. Symptoms score, crusting time and healing time were assessed by the clinician. Kruskal‐Wallis test was used to compare the symptoms between the three groups, a survival test was also performed to evaluate the crusting and healing time. Data were analyzed in SPSS V22 at P‐value < 0.05. Results The mean scores of symptoms at baseline were 1.6, 1.5, and 1.4 in the first, second, and third groups, respectively. The symptoms were not significantly different between the three groups on different treatment days. The mean crusting time was 2.3, 2.4, and 2.6 days in the three groups, and the mean healing time was 7.4, 7.2, and 7.7 days, respectively. Crusting time and healing time were not significantly different between the three groups. Conclusions Acyclovir nanofiber patches are recommended for accelerating symptom relief in recurrent labial herpes, however, they are not effective in shortening the crusting or healing time. Clinical Trial Registration Number: IRCT20141124020073N2. Registered in: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Golestannejad
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Khozeimeh
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehrasa
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahla Mirzaeei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Dorna Sarfaraz
- Dental Students Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Manfredini M, Guida S, Giovani M, Lippolis N, Spinas E, Farnetani F, Dattola A, Di Matteo E, Pellacani G, Giannetti L. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: Treatment and Management. Dermatol Pract Concept 2021; 11:e2021099. [PMID: 34631263 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1104a99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis consists of the presence of abrasions or ulcerations located on mucosae (oral or genital). Objectives The aim of this article is to review the current literature providing the main causes related to recurrent aphthous stomatitis and insights into treatment and management of this clinical condition. Methods Articles matching terms that correlated with "recurrent aphthous stomatitis" were searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library and selected according to their pertinence. Results Several forms of aphthous stomatitis have been described, based on the extent (minor, major), morphology (herpetiform) and associations to other signs (Behçet syndrome or more complex inflammatory syndromes). Topical as well as systemic treatments have been described to obtain a faster remission of the aphthosis or to reduce associated symptoms such as pain. Conclusions Recurrent aphthous stomatitis can have a mild-to-severe clinical appearance, being mainly localized on the oral mucosa or at the level of the genital area. Different strategies have been described so far for its management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Manfredini
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Guida
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovani
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Lippolis
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Spinas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Farnetani
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annunziata Dattola
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Matteo
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Giannetti
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Dental Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Liu Y, You Q, Zhang F, Chen D, Huang Z, Wu Z. Harringtonine Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection by Reducing Herpes Virus Entry Mediator Expression. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:722748. [PMID: 34531841 PMCID: PMC8438530 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.722748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection induces various clinical disorders, such as herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), and genital herpes. In clinical intervention, acyclovir (ACV) is the major therapeutic drug used to suppress HSV-1; however, ACV-resistant strains have gradually increased. In the present study, harringtonine (HT) significantly inhibited infection of HSV-1 as well as two ACV-resistant strains, including HSV-1 blue and HSV-1 153. Time-of-drug addition assay further revealed that HT mainly reduced the early stage of HSV-1 infection. We also demonstrated that HT mainly affected herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) expression as shown by qPCR, Western Blot, and Immunofluorescence. Collectively, HT showed antiviral activity against HSV-1 and ACV-resistant strains by targeting HVEM and could be a promising therapeutic candidate for mitigating HSV-1-induced-pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao You
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyan Chen
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenping Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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14
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Obisesan O, Katata-Seru L, Mufamadi S, Mufhandu H. Applications of Nanoparticles for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Treatment. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:793-808. [PMID: 34082867 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the growing studies focused on the immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma and proved the preclinical and clinical promises of host antitumor immune response. However, there were still various obstacles in meeting satisfactory clinic need, such as low response rate, primary resistance and secondary resistance to immunotherapy. Tackling these barriers required a deeper understanding of immune underpinnings and a broader understanding of advanced technology. This review described immune microenvironment of liver and HCC which naturally decided the complexity of immunotherapy, and summarized recent immunotherapy focusing on different points. The ever-growing clues indicated that the instant killing of tumor cell and the subsequent relive of immunosuppressive microenvironment were both indis- pensables. The nanotechnology applied in immunotherapy and the combination with intervention technology was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Obisesan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Lebogang Katata-Seru
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Steven Mufamadi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Hazel Mufhandu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
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Almehmady AM, Ali SA. Transdermal Film Loaded with Garlic Oil-Acyclovir Nanoemulsion to Overcome Barriers for Its Use in Alleviating Cold Sore Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050669. [PMID: 34066923 PMCID: PMC8148569 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponentially mounting cases of herpes simplex virus infection or cold sores have become a serious global concern. Acyclovir (ACV) and garlic oil (GO)-loaded lipid nanocarrier could be a promising therapeutic approach in alleviating cold sores, as well as limiting the biopharmaceutical constraints associated with ACV absorption and therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the objective of the current research study was to formulate an ACV-GO self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (ACV-GO-SNEDDS) as transdermal films. The prepared SNEDDS was optimized using an experimental mixture design. The optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS was loaded in transdermal film and was evaluated for ex vivo skin permeation and in vivo pharmacokinetic prospects. An optimized ACV-GO SNEDDs formulation constituted of 10.4% (w/w) of GO, 64.8% (w/w) of surfactant mixture (Tween 20®-Span 20®); 24.8%(w/w) of co-surfactant (Propylene glycol®), and 200mg of ACV, respectively, were prepared and characterized for particle size (Y). The observed globule size of the optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS is 170 ± 13.45 nm. The results of stability studies indicated that the stability index of optimized ACV-GO-SNEDDS was more than 92 ± 3%. This optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS was loaded in hydroxypropyl cellulose transdermal film. The outcome of the ex vivo skin permeation study demonstrated a 2.3-fold augmented permeation of ACV from the optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS HPC transdermal film in comparison to the raw ACV transdermal film. There was a 3-fold increase in the relative bioavailability of the optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS transdermal film compared to the raw ACV-HPC film. The study findings confirmed that the ACV-GO SNEDDS transdermal film exhibited excellent potential to enhance the bioavailability of ACV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshaimaa M. Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-550-665-900
| | - Sarah A. Ali
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Ajmal M. Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to topical antiviral therapy in the treatment of herpes labialis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102302. [PMID: 33894370 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present clinical trial assessed the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in association with topical acyclovir in the treatment of herpes labialis in adolescent patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 45 individuals with herpes labialis were divided into three groups on the basis of provision of treatment. (a) Group I: Topical acyclovir therapy (AVT) (n = 15, mean age: 17.5 years) (b) Group 2: photodynamic therapy (PDT) (n = 15, mean age:16.8 years) and (c) Group III: AVT + adjunctive PDT (n = 15, mean age: 17.0 years) respectively. HSV-1 quantification and pain scales [visual analogue scale (VAS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)] were calculated. Pro-inflammatory biomarkers including interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality. The Friedman test was employed to compute the comparison for changes recorded in pain scores, proinflammatory cytokines and HSV-1 quantification, whereas Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the mean values and establish inter-group comparisons. All assessments were performed at baseline, immediate post op, 2-weeks, 4-weeks, 3-months, and 6-months. RESULTS A total of 44 individuals completed the clinical trial. According to the data obtained from the clinical assessment, all the study groups reported a decrease in the parameters being observed. However, Group III (anti-viral (acyclovir) therapy + adjunctive PDT) showed a statistically significant decrease, in comparison to Group II (PDT) and Group I [AVT] respectively. The quantified HSV-1 among all groups showed significant reduction among all groups at each successive follow-up. However, Group-III (AVT + PDT) showed statistically significant reduction as compared to Groups I and II, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Topical anti-viral therapy with adjunctive PDT significantly helped in reducing the pain and pro-inflammatory biomarkers in adolescent herpes labialis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Ajmal
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Photonix Diagnostic Imaging, Chalappuram, Calicut, Kerala, India.
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Clinical Study on the Effectiveness of Three Products in the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Labialis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6465. [PMID: 32296094 PMCID: PMC7160101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex labialis (HSL) is a viral disease that affects the perioral region. No guidelines recommending an effective treatment exist. The treatment of HSL with three different products was examined. Herpatch Serum, a film-forming patch, was compared to Compeed Patches, a set of semiocclusive hydrocolloid patches, and Zovirax Cream (ingredient: 5% acyclovir). In this prospective, randomized, examiner-blind study, 180 patients with recurrent HSL were split into three groups (Compeed: n = 60, Herpatch: n = 60, Zovirax: n = 60) and examined within 24 hours of HSL outbreak (DRKS Registration No.: DRKS00007786). The primary endpoint was healing time. The secondary endpoints were the reaction rate and quality of therapy evaluated by the Clinician’s Global Assessment of Therapy (CGAT) and the Subject’s Global Assessment of Therapy (SGAT) (0 = no response; 10 = excellent response), respectively. There was no significant difference among the healing times for the different products. The mean (95% confidence interval) was 9.67 days (9.11–10.22) for Compeed, 9.30 days (8.75–9.85) for Herpatch, and 9.80 days (9.30–10.30) for Zovirax. The reaction rate and quality of therapy (CGAT and SGAT) of Herpatch were significantly higher than those of Compeed and Zovirax. Within the study limitations, Herpatch proved to be an effective, non-antiviral alternative in the treatment of HSL.
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Castillo E, Duarte LF, Corrales N, Álvarez DM, Farías MA, Henríquez A, Smith PC, Agurto-Muñoz C, González PA. Anti-herpetic Activity of Macrocystis pyrifera and Durvillaea antarctica Algae Extracts Against HSV-1 and HSV-2. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2006. [PMID: 33013743 PMCID: PMC7516053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are highly prevalent in the human population, and the infections they produce are lifelong with frequent reactivations throughout life. Both viruses produce uncomfortable and sometimes painful lesions in the orofacial and genital areas, as well as herpetic gingivostomatitis, among other clinical manifestations. At present, the most common treatments against HSVs consist of nucleoside analogs that target the viral polymerases. However, such drugs are poorly effective for treating skin lesions, as they only reduce in 1-2 days the duration of the herpetic lesions. Additionally, viral isolates resistant to these drugs can emerge in immunosuppressed individuals, and second-line drugs for such variants are frequently accompanied by adverse effects requiring medical supervision. Thus, novel or improved therapeutic drugs for treating HSV lesions are needed. Here, we assessed the potential antiviral activity of aqueous extracts obtained from two brown macroalgae, namely Macrocystis pyrifera and Durvillaea antarctica against HSVs. Both extracts showed antiviral activity against acyclovir-sensitive and acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 and HSV-2. Our analyses show that there is a significant antiviral activity associated with proteins in the extract, although other compounds also seem to contribute to inhibiting the replication cycle of these viruses. Evaluation of the algae extracts as topical formulations in an animal model of HSV-1 skin infection significantly reduced the severity of the disease more than acyclovir, as well as the duration of the herpetic lesions, when compared to mock-treated animals, with the D. antarctica extract performing best. Taken together, these findings suggest that these algae extracts may be potential phytotherapeutics against HSVs and may be useful for the treatment and reduction of common herpetic manifestations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Castillo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa F. Duarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Corrales
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana M. Álvarez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica A. Farías
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adolfo Henríquez
- GIBMAR, Grupo Interdisciplinario de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio C. Smith
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Agurto-Muñoz
- GIBMAR, Grupo Interdisciplinario de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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van Velthoven MH, Lam C, de Cock C, Stenfors T, Chaudhury H, Meinert E. Development of an Innovative Real-World Evidence Registry for the Herpes Simplex Virus: Case Study. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2196/16933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Infection with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is common but not well understood. Furthermore, there remains a social stigma surrounding HSV that can have psychosocial implications for those infected. Despite many patients infected with HSV experiencing mild-to-severe physical symptoms, only one subeffective treatment is available. A registry collecting real-world data reported by individuals potentially infected with HSV could help patients to better understand and manage their condition.
Objective
This study aimed to report on the development of a registry to collect real-world data reported by people who might be infected with HSV.
Methods
A case study design was selected as it provides a systematic and in-depth approach to investigating the planning phase of the registry. The case study followed seven stages: plan, design, prepare, collect, analyze, create, and share. We carried out semistructured interviews with experts, which were thematically analyzed and used to build use cases for the proposed registry. These use cases will be used to generate detailed models of how a real-world evidence registry might be perceived and used by different users.
Results
The following key themes were identified in the interviews: (1) stigma and anonymity, (2) selection bias, (3) understanding treatment and outcome gaps, (4) lifestyle factors, (5) individualized versus population-level data, and (6) severe complications of HSV. We developed use cases for different types of users of the registry, including individuals with HSV, members of the public, researchers, and clinicians.
Conclusions
This case study revealed key considerations and insights for the development of an appropriate registry to collect real-world data reported by people who might be infected with HSV. Further development and testing of the registry with different users is required. The registry must also be evaluated for the feasibility and effectiveness of collecting data to support symptom management. This registry has the potential to contribute to the development of vaccines and treatments and provide insights into the impact of HSV on other conditions.
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20
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Fabrication of Anti-HSV-1 Curcumin Stabilized Nanostructured Proniosomal Gel: Molecular Docking Studies on Thymidine Kinase Proteins. Sci Pharm 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm88010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a dietary compound with accrued evidence of antiviral activity. Poor solubility and permeation renders curcumin a good applicant for incorporation into proniosomes. The intent of this study was to formulate curcumin proniosomal gel for topical application and the evaluation of its in-vitro, ex-vivo activities against Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), as well as molecular docking studies on HSV-1 thymidine kinase proteins. Coacervation phase separation tactic, using 23 full factorial design, was used in the preparation of different proniosomes. Cytotoxicity of the selected formulae (F4 and F8) was evaluated on the Vero cell line. Optimal formulae (F4 and F8) showed entrapment efficiency of 97.15 ± 2.47% and 95.85 ± 2.9%, vesicle size of 173.7 ± 2.26 nm and 206.15 ± 4.17 nm and percentages curcumin released after 3 h of 51.9 ± 1.4% and 50.5 ± 1.1%, respectively. Ex-vivo permeation studies demonstrated that the optimal formulae markedly improved the dermal curcumin delivery. Curcumin proniosomal gel formulae exhibited 85.4% reduction of HSV-1 replication. The ability of curcumin to interact with the key amino acids in the enzyme binding sites of 1KI7, 1KI4, and 1E2P, as indicated by its docking pattern, rationalized its observed activity. Therefore, curcumin proniosomes could be considered as a successful topical delivery system for the treatment of HSV-1.
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21
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Lavaee F, Moshaverinia M, Rastegarfar M, Moattari A. Evaluation of the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of cinnamon on herpes simplex virus-1. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.280889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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22
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Dhull D, Sharma V, Sharma Y, Kaushik S. Applicability of molecular assays for detection and typing of herpes simplex viruses in encephalitis cases. Virusdisease 2019; 30:504-510. [PMID: 31897415 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) cause a latent infection in humans which is mainly associated with characteristic cold sores or fever blisters and genital blisters. Large segments of the world population are suffering from the HSV infection and early diagnosis as well as treatments are needed to avoid further complications. HSV surveillance is very sparse, especially from developing countries including India. The aim of the present study is to develop and evaluate molecular assays for rapid detection and typing of HSV. In the present study, viral DNA was extracted from cerebro-spinal fluid from HSV suspected encephalitis patients. The conventional multiplex PCR for HSV-1 and HSV-2 was optimized and their comparative analysis was done with Real-Time qPCR for detection and typing of HSV. Out of 137 clinical samples, eleven samples (8.03%) were diagnosed as HSV positive by Real-Time qPCR while ten (7.3%) by conventional multiplex PCR which were further typed as subtyping HSV-1 (nine) and HSV-2 (two). Real-Time qPCR is highly sensitive and able to detect 9.4 × 101 to 3.1 × 106 copies/ml of HSV DNA. Conventional PCR was found to be having 99.21% specificity with 100% sensitivity. The positive predictive value was 90.91% whereas negative predictive value was 100%. Logistic regression indicates blisters with pain and skin rash as the most significant symptoms associated with HSV infection. The present study could be applied for rapid, specific, sensitive and cost-effective diagnosis of HSV-1 and HSV-2 thereby helpful in better patient management through early detection and treatment of HSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Dhull
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Vikrant Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Yashika Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Samander Kaushik
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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23
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van Velthoven MH, Lam C, de Cock C, Stenfors T, Chaudhury H, Meinert E. Development of an Innovative Real-World Evidence Registry for the Herpes Simplex Virus: Case Study (Preprint).. [DOI: 10.2196/preprints.16933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Infection with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is common but not well understood. Furthermore, there remains a social stigma surrounding HSV that can have psychosocial implications for those infected. Despite many patients infected with HSV experiencing mild-to-severe physical symptoms, only one subeffective treatment is available. A registry collecting real-world data reported by individuals potentially infected with HSV could help patients to better understand and manage their condition.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to report on the development of a registry to collect real-world data reported by people who might be infected with HSV.
METHODS
A case study design was selected as it provides a systematic and in-depth approach to investigating the planning phase of the registry. The case study followed seven stages: plan, design, prepare, collect, analyze, create, and share. We carried out semistructured interviews with experts, which were thematically analyzed and used to build use cases for the proposed registry. These use cases will be used to generate detailed models of how a real-world evidence registry might be perceived and used by different users.
RESULTS
The following key themes were identified in the interviews: (1) stigma and anonymity, (2) selection bias, (3) understanding treatment and outcome gaps, (4) lifestyle factors, (5) individualized versus population-level data, and (6) severe complications of HSV. We developed use cases for different types of users of the registry, including individuals with HSV, members of the public, researchers, and clinicians.
CONCLUSIONS
This case study revealed key considerations and insights for the development of an appropriate registry to collect real-world data reported by people who might be infected with HSV. Further development and testing of the registry with different users is required. The registry must also be evaluated for the feasibility and effectiveness of collecting data to support symptom management. This registry has the potential to contribute to the development of vaccines and treatments and provide insights into the impact of HSV on other conditions.
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24
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Properties the IFN-α Synthesis of Products in Patients with Herpes Virus Infection 1 and 2 type. Fam Med 2019. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.3.2019.178582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Lunagariya J, Bhadja P, Zhong S, Vekariya R, Xu S. Marine Natural Product Bis-indole Alkaloid Caulerpin: Chemistry and Biology. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:751-761. [PMID: 28971770 DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170927154231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine bis-indole alkaloids comprise a large and increasingly growing class of secondary metabolites, and continue to deliver a great variety of structural templates for diverse biological targets. The alkaloids derived from marine resources play a crucial role in medicinal chemistry and as chemical agents. In particular, bis-indole alkaloid caulerpin which has been isolated from marine green algae Caulerpa and a red algae Chondria armata at various places around the world, was tested for several therapeutic potentials such as anti-diabetic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti- larvicidal, anti-herpes, anti-tubercular, anti-microbial and immunostimulating activities as well as a means of other chemical agents. Herein, we summarized the discovery and isolation of caulerpin, and its potential medicinal and chemical applications in chronological order with various aspects. Additionally, synthesis of caulerpin and its functional analogues have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh Lunagariya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Poonam Bhadja
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shenghui Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rohit Vekariya
- School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shihai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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26
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Fitzpatrick SG, Cohen DM, Clark AN. Ulcerated Lesions of the Oral Mucosa: Clinical and Histologic Review. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 13:91-102. [PMID: 30701449 PMCID: PMC6405793 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerated lesions of the oral cavity have many underlying etiologic factors, most commonly infection, immune related, traumatic, or neoplastic. A detailed patient history is critical in assessing ulcerative oral lesions and should include a complete medical and medication history; whether an inciting or triggering trauma, condition, or medication can be identified; the length of time the lesion has been present; the frequency of episodes in recurrent cases; the presence or absence of pain; and the growth of the lesion over time. For multiple or recurrent lesions the presence or history of ulcers on the skin, genital areas, or eyes should be evaluated along with any accompanying systemic symptoms such as fever, arthritis, or other signs of underlying systemic disease. Biopsy may be indicated in many ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity although some are more suitable for clinical diagnosis. Neoplastic ulcerated lesions are notorious in the oral cavity for their ability to mimic benign ulcerative lesions, highlighting the essential nature of biopsy to establish a diagnosis in cases that are not clinically identifiable or do not respond as expected to treatment. Adjunctive tests may be required for final diagnosis of some ulcerated lesions especially autoimmune lesions. Laboratory tests or evaluation to rule out systemic disease may be also required for recurrent or severe ulcerations especially when accompanied by other symptoms. This discussion will describe the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of a variety of ulcerated lesions found in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Fitzpatrick
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Donald M Cohen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ashley N Clark
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Soft tissue disorders of the mouth encompass a wide expanse of pathophysiology. This article focuses on the identification, etiology, management, and complications of common infectious processes (candidiasis, dental caries, and herpes labialis), inflammatory lesions (sialolithiasis, oral lichen planus, and aphthous ulcer), and benign entities (bony tori and mucocele).
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28
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Sroussi HY, Jessri M, Epstein J. Oral Assessment and Management of the Patient with Head and Neck Cancer. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2018; 30:445-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
A diagnosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) is typically followed by therapy that is associated with immediate and long-lasting toxic consequences. HNC patients' oral health needs may be complex and are best addressed in multidisciplinary collaborative teams including surgical, medical, and radiation oncologists, dental providers, nutrition, speech/swallow specialists, and physical therapists. Oral health maintenance also requires patient compliance and caregiver support. The role of dental providers begins prior to cancer diagnosis and continues through survivorship. This includes oral screening and health maintenance, management of common oral complications such as mucositis, pain, infection, salivary dysfunction, altered taste, and dental decay, as well as complex issues that include soft tissue fibrosis, osteoradionecrosis of the jaw, dysphagia, and recurrent/new primary malignancies. As the number of potential therapeutic interventions for HNC increase, so do the spectrum of side effects affecting the oral cavity, oropharynx, and dentition. Specific approaches to oral care must be tailored to the idiosyncrasies of the patient and his/her therapy and condition. Oral and dental care is impacted by the patient's oral and dental status prior to cancer therapy, as well as the specific cancer type, location, stage, and its treatment and potential comorbid conditions. Communication between the dental professional and the oncology team is required for appropriate therapy and is best accomplished by integrated healthcare teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel B Epstein
- Cedars-Sinai Health System, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Andrei Barasch
- Dept of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Xie Y, He S, Wang J. MicroRNA-373 facilitates HSV-1 replication through suppression of type I IFN response by targeting IRF1. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1409-1416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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31
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Semprini A, Singer J, Shortt N, Braithwaite I, Beasley R. Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of 90% kanuka honey versus 5% aciclovir for the treatment of herpes simplex labialis in the community setting. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017766. [PMID: 28775197 PMCID: PMC5724166 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, about 90% of people are infected with the herpes simplex virus, 30% of whom will experience recurrent herpes simplex labialis, commonly referred to as 'cold sores', which can last up to 10 days. The most common treatment is aciclovir cream which reduces healing time by just half a day compared with no specific treatment. This is a protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to determine the efficacy of medical grade kanuka honey-based topical treatment (Honevo) in reducing the healing time and pain of cold sores, compared with topical aciclovir treatment (Viraban). METHODS AND ANALYSIS This open-label, parallel-group, active comparator superiority RCT will compare the efficacy of medical grade kanuka honey with 5% aciclovir cream in the treatment of cold sores in the setting of a pharmacy research network of 60 sites throughout New Zealand. Adults presenting with a cold sore (N=950) will be randomised by pharmacy-based investigators. The pharmacy-based investigators will dispense the investigational product to randomised participants and both study groups apply the treatment five times daily until their skin returns to normal or for 14 days, whichever occurs first. In response to a daily SMS message, participants complete an assessment of their cold sore healing, with reference to a visual guide, and transmit it to the investigators by a smartphone eDiary in real time. The primary outcome variable is time (in days) from randomisation to return to normal skin. Secondary endpoints include total healing time stratified by stage of the lesion at onset of treatment, highest pain severity and time to pain resolution. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION New Zealand Ethics Registration 15/NTB/93. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed medical journal, presented at academic meetings and reported to participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12615000648527, pre-results.SCOTT Registration: 15/SCOTT/14 PROTOCOL VERSION: 4.0 (12 June 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Semprini
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Victoria University Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Singer
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Shortt
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Victoria University Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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32
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Management of viral oral ulcers in children using Chinese herbal medicine: A report of two cases. Complement Ther Med 2017; 32:61-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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33
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Tajfirouz D, West DM, Yin XT, Potter CA, Klein R, Stuart PM. CXCL9 compensates for the absence of CXCL10 during recurrent Herpetic stromal keratitis. Virology 2017; 506:7-13. [PMID: 28282568 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) is a disease that is typically associated with reactivation of a latent HSV-1 infection. This disease is driven, in part, by chemokines that recruit leukocytes to the cornea. Surprisingly, neutralization of CXCL10 significantly reduced disease, while B6-CXCL10-/- mice exhibited worse disease compared with similarly infected wild-type controls. We hypothesized that compensatory up-regulation of CXCL9 occurs in the absence of CXCL10. Analysis of CXCL9 expression in HSV-1-infected B6 mice and B6-CXCL10-/- mice revealed significantly more CXCL9 in B6-XCL10-/- mice. Treatment of B6 and B6-CXCL10-/- mice with neutralizing antibodies to CXCL9 reduced HSK scores in B6-CXCL10-/-, but not B6 mice. We conclude that CXCL10 production worsens HSK and that CXCL9 may compensate in CXCL10-deficient animals. These studies identify the critical role that CXCL10 plays in the pathogenesis of recurrent HSK, and that CXCL9 displays its importance when CXCL10 is absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Tajfirouz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Devin M West
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiao-Tang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chloe A Potter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robyn Klein
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, Anatomy & Neurobiology Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick M Stuart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Samim F, Epstein JB, Zumsteg ZS, Ho AS, Barasch A. Oral and dental health in head and neck cancer survivors. CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2016; 1:14. [PMID: 31093344 PMCID: PMC6460838 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-016-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic improvements and epidemiologic changes in head and neck cancer (HNC) over the last three decades have led to increased numbers of survivors, resulting in greater need for continuing management of oral and dental health in this population. Generally, the HNC patient oral health needs are complex, requiring multidisciplinary collaboration among oncologists and dental professionals with special knowledge and training in the field of oral oncology. In this review, we focus on the impact of cancer treatment on oral health, and the oral care protocols recommended prior to, during and after cancer therapy. The management of oral complications such as mucositis, pain, infection, salivary function, taste and dental needs are briefly reviewed. Other complications and their management, including osteonecrosis of the jaw and recurrent/new primary malignancies are also described. This review offers clinical protocols and information for medical providers to assist in understanding oral complications and their management in HNC patients and survivors, and their oral and dental health care needs. Oral and dental care is impacted by the patient's initial oral and dental status, as well as the specific cancer location, type, and its treatment; thus, close communication between the dental professional and the oncology team is required for appropriate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Samim
- Department of Oral Medicine Oral Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Joel B. Epstein
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Zachary S. Zumsteg
- Radiation Oncology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Allen S. Ho
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Andrei Barasch
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
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The potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-Experimental investigations and clinical use. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:912-929. [PMID: 27522005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an intensively studied part of medicine based on free radicals. These reactive species, extremely harmful for whole human organism, are used for eradication numerous diseases. Specific structure of ill tissues causes accumulation free radicals inside them without attack remaining healthy tissues. A rapid development of medicine and scientific research has led to extension of PDT towards treatment many diseases such as cancer, herpes, acne and based on antimicrobials. The presented review article is focused on the aforementioned disorders with accurate analysis of the newest available scientific achievements. The discussed cases explicitly indicate on high efficacy of the therapy. In most cases, free radicals turned out to be solution of many afflictions. Photodynamic therapy can be considered as promising treatment with comparable effectiveness but without side effects characteristic for chemotherapy.
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Tai CJ, Li CL, Tai CJ, Wang CK, Lin LT. Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds. J Vis Exp 2015:e53124. [PMID: 26555014 DOI: 10.3791/53124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based systems are useful for discovering antiviral agents. Dissecting the viral life cycle, particularly the early entry stages, allows a mechanistic approach to identify and evaluate antiviral agents that target specific steps of the viral entry. In this report, the methods of examining viral inactivation, viral attachment, and viral entry/fusion as antiviral assays for such purposes are described, using hepatitis C virus as a model. These assays should be useful for discovering novel antagonists/inhibitors to early viral entry and help expand the scope of candidate antiviral agents for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jei Tai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University
| | - Chia-Lin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University
| | - Cheng-Jeng Tai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University
| | - Chien-Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University;
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Unur M, Bektas Kayhan K, Altop MS, Boy Metin Z, Keskin Y. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in children:a single center study. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent 2015; 49:29-38. [PMID: 28955543 PMCID: PMC5573502 DOI: 10.17096/jiufd.03460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies regarding oral health are mainly conducted on adult population and there is a lack of epidemiologic data on the oral health of children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of oral lesions in Turkish children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out on total of 1041 Turkish children attended by the outpatient Oral Medicine and Surgery Department of İstanbul University. RESULTS Examinations were performed and 277 of whom had a total of more than 30 different type of lesions detected. The fissured tongue (3.4%) was the most frequent lesion, followed by traumatic lesions (3.2%) and the cheek biting (2.5%). CONCLUSION This is the first study in Turkey on oral lesions in this age group. We hope that our study will be a baseline data for future studies and for sure there is a need for more goodquality epidemiological studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Unur
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul University,
Turkey
| | - Kıvanc Bektas Kayhan
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul University,
Turkey
| | - Muzeyyen Seda Altop
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul University,
Turkey
| | - Zeynep Boy Metin
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul University,
Turkey
| | - Yaren Keskin
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul University,
Turkey
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An impacted mandibular left third molar and pericoronitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 145:1146-51. [PMID: 25359647 DOI: 10.14219/jada.2014.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Azodo CC, Umoh AO. Herpes labialis and Nigerian dental health care providers: knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and refusal to treat. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15:383. [PMID: 26373396 PMCID: PMC4572650 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-1023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The few existing studies on herpes labialis among health care workers have been predominantly among non-dental health care workers. The purpose of this study was to determine Nigerian dental health care providers’ knowledge of, attitudes toward, preventive behaviors for, and refusal to treat patients with herpes labialis. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among final-year dental students at the University of Benin, dental house officers, and residents at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Data collection was via a self-administered questionnaire. Bivariate statistics and logistic regression were used to relate the dependent and independent variables. Results Of the 120 questionnaires distributed, 110 were completed and returned, giving a 91.7 % retrieval rate. However, 15 of the returned questionnaires were discarded because they were improperly completed, leaving a total of 95 questionnaires for final analysis in this study. The majority of participants were over 28 years old (54.7 %), male (67.4 %), unmarried (66.3 %), and postgraduate dental health care providers (51.6 %). Less than half (43.2 %) of participants demonstrated adequate overall knowledge of herpes labialis. About one-tenth (10.5 %) and more than three-quarters (87.4 %) of participants reported a positive attitude and performance of adequate preventive behaviors, respectively. A total of 16.8 % of participants reported a high tendency to refuse treatment to patients with herpes labialis. Although not statistically significant, young, unmarried, male undergraduate participants reported a greater likelihood to refuse treatment to herpes labialis patients. We found a statistically significant positive correlation between attitude and refusal to treat patients with herpes labialis. However, marital status and the attitude of participants toward these patients emerged as the determinants for refusal to treat patients with herpes labialis. Conclusions Data from this study revealed a high level of inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes, and reasonably adequate preventive behaviors with respect to herpes labialis. One out of every six dental health care workers studied reported having refused to treat patients with herpes labialis. Unmarried dental health care providers and those with negative attitudes toward herpes labialis patients were more prone to refuse treatment to these patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1023-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Chinedu Azodo
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, 300001, Nigeria.
| | - Agnes O Umoh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, 300001, Nigeria.
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Jin F, Ma K, Chen M, Zou M, Wu Y, Li F, Wang Y. Pentagalloylglucose Blocks the Nuclear Transport and the Process of Nucleocapsid Egress to Inhibit HSV-1 Infection. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 69:135-42. [PMID: 26166506 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2015.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a widespread virus, causes a variety of human viral diseases worldwide. The serious threat of drug-resistance highlights the extreme urgency to develop novel antiviral drugs with different mechanisms of action. Pentagalloylglucose (PGG) is a natural polyphenolic compound with significant anti-HSV activity; however, the mechanisms underlying its antiviral activity need to be defined by further studies. In this study, we found that PGG treatment delays the nuclear transport process of HSV-1 particles by inhibiting the upregulation of dynein (a cellular major motor protein) induced by HSV-1 infection. Furthermore, PGG treatment affects the nucleocapsid egress of HSV-1 by inhibiting the expression and disrupting the cellular localization of pEGFP-UL31 and pEGFP-UL34, which are indispensable for HSV-1 nucleocapsid egress from the nucleus. However, the over-expression of pEGFP-UL31 and pEGFP-UL34 could decrease the antiviral effect of PGG. In this study, for the first time, the antiviral activity of PGG against acyclovir-resistant virus was demonstrated in vitro, and the possible mechanisms of its anti-HSV activities were identified based on the inhibition of nuclear transport and nucleocapsid egress in HSV-1. It was further confirmed that PGG could be a promising candidate for HSV therapy, especially for drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Jin
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University
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Atypical Cutaneous Manifestations of Herpes Infection in Immunocompromised Hosts. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cohen N, Seo SK. Role of antimicrobial prophylaxis during treatment of adults with acute leukemia. Int J Hematol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ijh.15.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute leukemia (AL) are at high risk for developing bacterial, viral and fungal infections during chemotherapy. Because these infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality, prevention is attractive. In recent decades, several trials have established the benefit of prophylactic antimicrobials in patients with AL. Administration of prophylactic fluoroquinolone, acyclovir and triazole is recommended in neutropenic patients with AL by both the USA and European national guidelines. The potential for antimicrobial resistance as a long-term consequence of prophylaxis, however, is a concern. The recent development of nonculture-based diagnostic tests for invasive fungal infections has made early diagnosis and targeted treatment a promising future strategy as an alternative to mold-active prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Cohen
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Susan K Seo
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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da Silva AS, Raposo JV, Pereira TC, Pinto MA, de Paula VS. Effects of RNA interference therapy against herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis. Antivir Ther 2015; 21:225-35. [DOI: 10.3851/imp3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fingleton J, Corin A, Sheahan D, Cave N, Braithwaite I, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Randomised controlled trial of topical kanuka honey for the treatment of cold sores. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Goody MF, Sullivan C, Kim CH. Studying the immune response to human viral infections using zebrafish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:84-95. [PMID: 24718256 PMCID: PMC4067600 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Humans and viruses have a long co-evolutionary history. Viral illnesses have and will continue to shape human history: from smallpox, to influenza, to HIV, and beyond. Animal models of human viral illnesses are needed in order to generate safe and effective antiviral medicines, adjuvant therapies, and vaccines. These animal models must support the replication of human viruses, recapitulate aspects of human viral illnesses, and respond with conserved immune signaling cascades. The zebrafish is perhaps the simplest, most commonly used laboratory model organism in which innate and/or adaptive immunity can be studied. Herein, we will discuss the current zebrafish models of human viral illnesses and the insights they have provided. We will highlight advantages of early life stage zebrafish and the importance of innate immunity in human viral illnesses. We will also discuss viral characteristics to consider before infecting zebrafish with human viruses as well as predict other human viruses that may be able to infect zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Goody
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Con Sullivan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Carol H Kim
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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Oral complications and management strategies for patients undergoing cancer therapy. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:581795. [PMID: 24511293 PMCID: PMC3910370 DOI: 10.1155/2014/581795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With cancer survival rate climbing up over the past three decades, quality of life for cancer patients has become an issue of major concern. Oral health plays an important part in one's overall quality of life. However, oral health status can be severely hampered by side effects of cancer therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Moreover, prevention and treatment of these complications are often overlooked in clinical practice. The present paper aims at drawing health care professionals' attention to oral complications associated with cancer therapy by giving a comprehensive review. Brief comments on contemporary cancer therapies will be given first, followed by detailed description of oral complications associated with cancer therapy. Finally, a summary of preventive strategies and treatment options for common oral complications including oral mucositis, oral infections, xerostomia, and dysgeusia will be given.
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Netchiporouk E, Tchervenkov J, Paraskevas S, Sasseville D, Billick R. Evaluation of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Morbidity and Mortality in Pancreas and Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:3343-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jetté-Côté I, Ouellette D, Béliveau C, Mitchell A. Total dysphagia after short course of systemic corticotherapy: Herpes simplex virus esophagitis. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:5178-5181. [PMID: 23964155 PMCID: PMC3746393 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i31.5178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 72 year-old female developed a herpetic esophagitis after 3 d of oral corticotherapy for an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, presenting as odynophagia and total dysphagia. Biospies were taken during a first esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and the patient was referred to the thoracic surgery service with a presumptive diagnosis of esophageal cancer. A second EGD was planned for dilatation, but by that time the stenosis was completely resolved. The biopsies taken during the first EGD revealed multiple herpetic viral inclusions and ulcerations without any dysplasia or neoplasia. In front of a severe esophageal stenosis, one must still exclude the usual differential diagnosis peptic stenosis and cancer. Visualization of endoscopic lesions can suggest the diagnosis but must be promptly confirmed by biopsy, viral culture or polymerase chain reaction. Although immune systemic effects of corticotherapy are well known and herpetic esophagitis occurs most frequently in immunocompromised individuals, this case emphasizes the importance of clinical awareness concerning short courses of corticotherapy for immunocompetent individuals. This article discusses the reactivation process of herpetic infection in this context and addresses its diagnostic and therapeutic issues.
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Lin LT, Chen TY, Lin SC, Chung CY, Lin TC, Wang GH, Anderson R, Lin CC, Richardson CD. Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of chebulagic acid and punicalagin against viruses that use glycosaminoglycans for entry. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:187. [PMID: 23924316 PMCID: PMC3750913 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified two hydrolyzable tannins, chebulagic acid (CHLA) and punicalagin (PUG) that blocked herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) entry and spread. These compounds inhibited viral glycoprotein interactions with cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Based on this property, we evaluated their antiviral efficacy against several different viruses known to employ GAGs for host cell entry. RESULTS Extensive analysis of the tannins' mechanism of action was performed on a panel of viruses during the attachment and entry steps of infection. Virus-specific binding assays and the analysis of viral spread during treatment with these compounds were also conducted. CHLA and PUG were effective in abrogating infection by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), dengue virus (DENV), measles virus (MV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), at μM concentrations and in dose-dependent manners without significant cytotoxicity. Moreover, the natural compounds inhibited viral attachment, penetration, and spread, to different degrees for each virus. Specifically, the tannins blocked all these steps of infection for HCMV, HCV, and MV, but had little effect on the post-fusion spread of DENV and RSV, which could suggest intriguing differences in the roles of GAG-interactions for these viruses. CONCLUSIONS CHLA and PUG may be of value as broad-spectrum antivirals for limiting emerging/recurring viruses known to engage host cell GAGs for entry. Further studies testing the efficacy of these tannins in vivo against certain viruses are justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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