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Gabriel DB, Liley AE, Franks H, Minnes GL, Tutaj M, Dwinell MR, de Jong T, Williams RW, Mulligan MK, Chen H, Simon NW. Divergent risky decision-making and impulsivity behaviors in Lewis rat substrains with low genetic difference. Behav Neurosci 2023; 137:254-267. [PMID: 37104777 PMCID: PMC10524952 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with a cluster of cognitive disturbances that engender vulnerability to ongoing drug seeking and relapse. Two of these endophenotypes-risky decision-making and impulsivity-are amplified in individuals with SUD and are augmented by repeated exposure to illicit drugs. Identifying genetic factors underlying variability in these behavioral patterns is critical for early identification, prevention, and treatment of SUD-vulnerable individuals. Here, we compared risky decision-making and different facets of impulsivity between two fully inbred substrains of Lewis rats-LEW/NCrl and LEW/NHsd. We performed whole genome sequencing of both substrains to identify almost all relevant variants. We observed substantial differences in risky decision-making and impulsive behaviors. Relative to LEW/NHsd, the LEW/NCrl substrain accepts higher risk options in a decision-making task and higher rates of premature responses in the differential reinforcement of low rates of responding task. These phenotypic differences were more pronounced in females than males. We defined a total of ∼9,000 polymorphisms between these substrains at 40× whole genome short-read coverage. Roughly half of variants are located within a single 1.5 Mb region of Chromosome 8, but none impact protein-coding regions. In contrast, other variants are widely distributed, and of these, 38 are predicted to cause protein-coding variants. In conclusion, Lewis rat substrains differ significantly in risk-taking and impulsivity and only a small number of easily mapped variants are likely to be causal. Sequencing combined with a reduced complexity cross should enable identification of one or more variants underlying multiple complex addiction-relevant behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna E. Liley
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis TN 38152
| | - Hunter Franks
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105
| | - Grace L. Minnes
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis TN 38152
| | - Monika Tutaj
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226
| | - Melinda R. Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226
| | - Tristan de Jong
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163
| | - Megan K. Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163
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2
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Li M, Li Y, Qin H, Tubbs JD, Li M, Qiao C, Lin J, Li Q, Fan F, Gou M, Huang J, Tong J, Yang F, Tan Y, Yao Y. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of peripheral blood cells derived from patients with first-episode schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4475-4485. [PMID: 33279932 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with core features including hallucinations, delusions, and cognition deficits. Accumulating evidence has implicated abnormal DNA methylation in the development of schizophrenia. However, the mechanisms by which DNA methylation changes alter the risk for schizophrenia remain largely unknown. We recently carried out a DNA methylome study of peripheral blood samples from 469 first-episode patients with schizophrenia and 476 age- and gender-matched healthy controls of Han Chinese origin. Genomic DNA methylation patterns were quantified using an Illumina Infinium Human MethylationEPIC BeadChip. We identified multiple differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions between patients and controls. The most significant DMPs were annotated to genes C17orf53, THAP1 and KCNQ4 (KV7.4), with Bonferroni-adjusted P values of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively. In particular, KCNQ4 encodes a voltage-gated potassium channel of the KV7 family, which is linked to neuronal excitability. The genes associated with top-ranked DMPs also included many genes involved in nervous system development, such as LIMK2 and TMOD2. Gene ontology analysis of the differentially methylated genes further identified strong enrichment of neuronal networks, including neuron projection extension, axonogenesis and neuron apoptotic process. Finally, we provided evidence that schizophrenia-associated epigenetic alterations co-localize with genetic susceptibility loci. By focusing on first-episode schizophrenia patients, our investigation lends particularly strong support for an important role of DNA methylation in schizophrenia pathogenesis unconfounded by the effects of long-term antipsychotic medication or disease progression. The observed DNA methylation aberrations in schizophrenia patients could potentially provide a valuable resource for identifying diagnostic biomarkers and developing novel therapeutic targets to benefit schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Yanli Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, PR China
| | - Haide Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Justin D Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, PR China
| | - Minghui Li
- Sinotech Genomics Ltd, Shanghai, 210000, PR China
| | - Chunhong Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jinran Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, PR China
| | - Mengzhuang Gou
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, PR China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, PR China
| | - Jinghui Tong
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, PR China
| | - Fude Yang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, PR China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, PR China.
| | - Yin Yao
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China.
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Forouzan S, Nieto SJ, Kosten TA. Persistence of Operant Responding for Food After Prior Cocaine Exposure in Fischer 344 But Not Lewis Rats. Am J Addict 2021; 30:358-365. [PMID: 33797135 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chronic cocaine exposure has differential neural effects in Fischer 344 (F344) vs Lewis inbred rats that may explain strain-dependent differences during acquisition vs maintenance of cocaine self-administration. We assessed whether prior cocaine exposure alters operant responding for food across various phases (acquisition, maintenance, extinction, spontaneous recovery, reinitiation) in these strains. METHODS Lewis and F344 rats (N = 12) were administered three cocaine (15 mg/kg) or saline injections at hourly intervals for 3 consecutive days. Beginning the next day for 24 days, rats had access to operant chambers in which one lever depression resulted in the delivery of a food pellet. Then, four extinction sessions were conducted in which food was no longer available, but other stimulus conditions remained the same. After a 2-day break, spontaneous recovery was assessed over four sessions. Food delivery was then restored for 3 days to test reinitiation followed by a progressive ratio session. RESULTS Lewis rats acquired the operant faster than F344 rats. F344 rats showed lower maintenance rates than Lewis rats but higher spontaneous recovery responding. Cocaine exposure caused persistence of responding during extinction in F344 but not Lewis rats. All groups reinitiated responding when food was available again and did not differ in final ratios completed under the progressive ratio schedule. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS That prior cocaine exposure led to persistence of responding in F344 rats during extinction may reflect heightened contextual conditioning that interferes with the ability to extinguish responding. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Results have implications for the genetic contribution to relapse-like behaviors. (Am J Addict 2021;00:00-00).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Forouzan
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven J Nieto
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Social and anxiety-like behaviors contribute to nicotine self-administration in adolescent outbred rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18069. [PMID: 30584246 PMCID: PMC6305389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both emotional and social traits interact with genetic factors to influence smoking behavior. We previously established a socially acquired nicotine intravenous self-administration model where social learning of a nicotine-associated odor cue reversed conditioned flavor aversion and promoted nicotine intake. In this study, we first phenotyped ~800 adolescent heterogeneous stock rats in open field, novel object interaction, social interaction, elevated plus maze, and marble burying behaviors. These rats were then phenotyped on socially acquired nicotine self-administration. We found 243 significant correlations between different behavioral tests. Principal component regression analysis found that ~10-20% of the variance in nicotine-related measures, such as intake during the first or the last three fixed-ratio sessions, the progressive ratio session, and reinstatement behavior, can be explained by variations in behavioral traits. Factors corresponding to social behavior and anxiety were among the strongest predictors of nicotine intake and reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior. We also found many sex differences in behavioral measures. These data indicated that the genetic diversity of this population, in combination with social behaviour and anxiety, are significant contributors to the divergent nicotine self-administration behavior and indicated a high probability of discovering sex-specific genetic mechanisms for nicotine intake in future genome-wide association studies.
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PKC and CaMK-II inhibitions coordinately rescue ischemia-induced GABAergic neuron dysfunction. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39309-39322. [PMID: 28445148 PMCID: PMC5503615 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia leads to neuronal death for stroke, in which the imbalance between glutamatergic neurons and GABAergic neurons toward neural excitotoxicity is presumably involved. GABAergic neurons are vulnerable to pathological factors and impaired in an early stage of ischemia. The rescue of GABAergic neurons is expected to be the strategy to reserve ischemic neuronal impairment. As protein kinase C (PKC) and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-II) are activated during ischemia, we have investigated whether the inhibitions of these kinases rescue the ischemic impairment of cortical GABAergic neurons. The functions of GABAergic neurons were analyzed by whole-cell recording in the cortical slices during ischemia and in presence of 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine (CaMK-II inhibitor) and chelerythrine chloride (PKC inhibitor). Our results indicate that PKC inhibitor or CaMK-II inhibitor partially prevents ischemia-induced functional deficits of cortical GABAergic neurons. Moreover, the combination of PKC and CaMK-II inhibitors synergistically reverses this ischemia-induced deficit of GABAergic neurons. One of potential therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke may be to rescue the ischemia-induced deficit of cortical GABAergic neurons by inhibiting PKC and CaMK-II.
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Ferrari R, Grassi M, Graziano F, Palluzzi F, Archetti S, Bonomi E, Bruni AC, Maletta RG, Bernardi L, Cupidi C, Colao R, Rainero I, Rubino E, Pinessi L, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Serpente M, Nacmias B, Piaceri I, Bagnoli S, Rossi G, Giaccone G, Tagliavini F, Benussi L, Binetti G, Ghidoni R, Singleton A, Hardy J, Momeni P, Padovani A, Borroni B. Effects of Multiple Genetic Loci on Age at Onset in Frontotemporal Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:1271-1278. [PMID: 28128768 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In frontotemporal dementia (FTD), age at disease onset (AAO) is unpredictable in both early and late-onset cases; AAO variability is found even in autosomal dominant FTD. The present study was aimed at identifying genetic modifiers modulating AAO in a large cohort of Italian FTD patients. We conducted an association analysis on 411 FTD patients, belonging to 7 Italian Centers, and for whom AAO was available. Population structure was evaluated by principal component analysis to infer continuous axes of genetic variation, and single linear regression models were applied. A genetic score (GS) was calculated on the basis of suggestive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found by association analyses. GS showed genome-wide significant slope decrease by -3.86 (95% CI: -4.64 to -3.07, p < 2×10-16) per standard deviation of the GS for 6 SNPs mapping to genes involved in neuronal development and signaling, axonal myelinization, and glutamatergic/GABA neurotransmission. An increase of the GS was associated with a decrease of the AAO. Our data indicate that there is indeed a genetic component that underpins and modulates up to 14.5% of variability of AAO in Italian FTD. Future studies on genetic modifiers in FTD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Graziano
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fernando Palluzzi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvana Archetti
- Department of Laboratories, III Laboratory of Analysis, Brescia Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Bonomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Amalia C Bruni
- Neurogenetic Regional Centre ASPCZ Lamezia Terme, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - Livia Bernardi
- Neurogenetic Regional Centre ASPCZ Lamezia Terme, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Chiara Cupidi
- Neurogenetic Regional Centre ASPCZ Lamezia Terme, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Rosanna Colao
- Neurogenetic Regional Centre ASPCZ Lamezia Terme, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology I, University of Torino and Cittá della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology I, University of Torino and Cittá della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pinessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology I, University of Torino and Cittá della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neurology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neurology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serpente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neurology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Piaceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,MAC Memory Center, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Parastoo Momeni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy
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7
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Han W, Wang T, Chen H. Social learning promotes nicotine self-administration by facilitating the extinction of conditioned aversion in isogenic strains of rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8052. [PMID: 28808247 PMCID: PMC5556091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both social environment and genetic factors are critical for smoking initiation and nicotine addiction. We reported that rats developed conditioned flavor (i.e., taste and odor) aversion to intravenously self-administered (IVSA) nicotine, and that social learning promoted nicotine IVSA with flavor cues. We thus tested the hypothesis that socially acquired nicotine IVSA is a heritable trait by using female rats of six inbred strains and six F1 hybrids. Each strain was tested for 10 daily IVSA sessions. We found that the intake of nicotine (15 and 30 μg/kg/inf) varied among these strains by 33.7–56.6-fold. The heritability of nicotine intake was estimated to be 0.54–0.65. Further, there was a strong correlation in nicotine intake (R2 = 0.85, p < 0.0001) between the two nicotine doses. Another cohort of rats was given three daily IVSA sessions followed by five sessions that tested conditioned flavor aversion. Nicotine intake was highly correlated with the extinction of the conditioned aversion (R2 = 0.58, p < 0.005). These data showed that nicotine intake in the socially acquired nicotine self-administration model is controlled by genetic factors and that the role of social learning is likely in facilitating the extinction of conditioned aversive response to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Han
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas St., Room 205 Translational Science Research Building, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas St., Room 205 Translational Science Research Building, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas St., Room 205 Translational Science Research Building, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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8
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Zhu B, Li X, Chen H, Wang H, Zhu X, Hou H, Hu Q. iTRAQ proteomic analysis of the hippocampus in a rat model of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:971-977. [PMID: 28359756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Repeated exposures to nicotine are known to result in persistent changes in proteins expression in addiction-related brain regions, such as the striatum, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex, but the changes induced in the protein content of the hippocampus remain poorly studied. This study established a rat model of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), and screened for proteins that were differentially expressed in the hippocampus of these rats using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling (iTRAQ) coupled with 2D-LC MS/MS. The nicotine-induced CPP was established by subcutaneously injecting rats with 0.2 mg/kg nicotine. Relative to the control (saline) group, the nicotine group showed 0.67- and 1.5-fold changes in 117 and 10 hippocampal proteins, respectively. These differentially expressed proteins are mainly involved in calcium-mediated signaling, neurotransmitter transport, GABAergic synapse function, long-term synaptic potentiation and nervous system development. Furthermore, RT-PCR was used to confirmed the results of the proteomic analysis. Our findings identify several proteins and cellular signaling pathways potentially involved in the molecular mechanisms in the hippocampus that underlie nicotine addiction. These results provide insights into the mechanisms of nicotine treatment in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinchao Zhu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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9
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Cadoni C. Fischer 344 and Lewis Rat Strains as a Model of Genetic Vulnerability to Drug Addiction. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:13. [PMID: 26903787 PMCID: PMC4746315 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Today it is well acknowledged that both nature and nurture play important roles in the genesis of psychopathologies, including drug addiction. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic factors contribute for at least 40–60% of the variation in liability to drug dependence. Human genetic studies suggest that multiple genes of small effect, rather than single genes, contribute to the genesis of behavioral psychopathologies. Therefore, the use of inbred rat strains might provide a valuable tool to identify differences, linked to genotype, important in liability to addiction and related disorders. In this regard, Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rats have been proposed as a model of genetic vulnerability to drug addiction, given their innate differences in sensitivity to the reinforcing and rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, as well their different responsiveness to stressful stimuli. This review will provide evidence in support of this model for the study of the genetic influence on addiction vulnerability, with particular emphasis on differences in mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission, rewarding and emotional function. It will be highlighted that Lewis and Fischer 344 rats differ not only in several indices of DA transmission and adaptive changes following repeated drug exposure, but also in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness, influencing not only the ability of the individual to cope with stressful events, but also interfering with rewarding and motivational processes, given the influence of corticosteroids on dopamine neuron functionality. Further differences between the two strains, as impulsivity or anxiousness, might contribute to their different proneness to addiction, and likely these features might be linked to their different DA neurotransmission plasticity. Although differences in other neurotransmitter systems might deserve further investigation, results from the reviewed studies might open new vistas in understanding aberrant deviations in reward and motivational functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadoni
- Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council of ItalyCagliari, Italy; Centre of Excellence "Neurobiology of Dependence", University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
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10
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Lobo DSS, Aleksandrova L, Knight J, Casey DM, el-Guebaly N, Nobrega JN, Kennedy JL. Addiction-related genes in gambling disorders: new insights from parallel human and pre-clinical models. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1002-10. [PMID: 25266122 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurobiological research supports the characterization of disordered gambling (DG) as a behavioral addiction. Recently, an animal model of gambling behavior was developed (rat gambling task, rGT), expanding the available tools to investigate DG neurobiology. We investigated whether rGT performance and associated risk gene expression in the rat's brain could provide cross-translational understanding of the neuromolecular mechanisms of addiction in DG. We genotyped tagSNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in 38 addiction-related genes in 400 DG and 345 non-DG subjects. Genes with P<0.1 in the human association analyses were selected to be investigated in the animal arm to determine whether their mRNA expression in rats was associated with the rat's performance on the rGT. In humans, DG was significantly associated with tagSNPs in DRD3 (rs167771) and CAMK2D (rs3815072). Our results suggest that age and gender might moderate the association between CAMK2D and DG. Moderation effects could not be investigated due to sample power. In the animal arm, only the association between rGT performance and Drd3 expression remained significant after Bonferroni correction for 59 brain regions. As male rats were used, gender effects could not be investigated. Our results corroborate previous findings reporting the involvement of DRD3 receptor in addictions. To our knowledge, the use of human genetics, pre-clinical models and gene expression as a cross-translation paradigm has not previously been attempted in the field of addictions. The cross-validation of human findings in animal models is crucial for improving the translation of basic research into clinical treatments, which could accelerate neurobiological and pharmacological investigations in addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S S Lobo
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Aleksandrova
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Knight
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D M Casey
- Mental Health Commission of Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - N el-Guebaly
- Division of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J N Nobrega
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J L Kennedy
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Identification of a QTL in Mus musculus for alcohol preference, withdrawal, and Ap3m2 expression using integrative functional genomics and precision genetics. Genetics 2014; 197:1377-93. [PMID: 24923803 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.166165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive genetic and genomic studies of the relationship between alcohol drinking preference and withdrawal severity have been performed using animal models. Data from multiple such publications and public data resources have been incorporated in the GeneWeaver database with >60,000 gene sets including 285 alcohol withdrawal and preference-related gene sets. Among these are evidence for positional candidates regulating these behaviors in overlapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapped in distinct mouse populations. Combinatorial integration of functional genomics experimental results revealed a single QTL positional candidate gene in one of the loci common to both preference and withdrawal. Functional validation studies in Ap3m2 knockout mice confirmed these relationships. Genetic validation involves confirming the existence of segregating polymorphisms that could account for the phenotypic effect. By exploiting recent advances in mouse genotyping, sequence, epigenetics, and phylogeny resources, we confirmed that Ap3m2 resides in an appropriately segregating genomic region. We have demonstrated genetic and alcohol-induced regulation of Ap3m2 expression. Although sequence analysis revealed no polymorphisms in the Ap3m2-coding region that could account for all phenotypic differences, there are several upstream SNPs that could. We have identified one of these to be an H3K4me3 site that exhibits strain differences in methylation. Thus, by making cross-species functional genomics readily computable we identified a common QTL candidate for two related bio-behavioral processes via functional evidence and demonstrate sufficiency of the genetic locus as a source of variation underlying two traits.
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Chen H, Luo R, Gong S, Matta SG, Sharp BM. Protection genes in nucleus accumbens shell affect vulnerability to nicotine self-administration across isogenic strains of adolescent rat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86214. [PMID: 24465966 PMCID: PMC3899218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical genetic studies show the heritability of cigarette smoking is 0.4–0.6, and that multiple genes confer susceptibility and resistance to smoking. Despite recent advances in identifying genes associated with smoking behaviors, the major source of this heritability and its impact on susceptibility and resistance are largely unknown. Operant self-administration (SA) of intravenous nicotine is an established model for smoking behavior. We recently confirmed that genetic factors exert strong control over nicotine intake in isogenic rat strains. Because the processing of afferent dopaminergic signals by nucleus accumbens shell (AcbS) is critical for acquisition and maintenance of motivated behaviors reinforced by nicotine, we hypothesized that differential basal gene expression in AcbS accounts for much of the strain-to-strain variation in nicotine SA. We therefore sequenced the transcriptome of AcbS samples obtained by laser capture microdissection from 10 isogenic adolescent rat strains and compared all RNA transcript levels with behavior. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis, a systems biology method, found 12 modules (i.e., unique sets of genes that covary across all samples) that correlated (p<0.05) with amount of self-administered nicotine; 9 of 12 correlated negatively, implying a protective role. PCR confirmed selected genes from these modules. Chilibot, a literature mining tool, identified 15 genes within 1 module that were nominally associated with cigarette smoking, thereby providing strong support for the analytical approach. This is the first report demonstrating that nicotine intake by adolescent rodents is associated with the expression of specific genes in AcbS of the mesolimbic system, which controls motivated behaviors. These findings provide new insights into genetic mechanisms that predispose or protect against tobacco addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HC); (BS)
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Suzhen Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shannon G. Matta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Burt M. Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HC); (BS)
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Bahi A. Viral-mediated knockdown of mGluR7 in the nucleus accumbens mediates excessive alcohol drinking and increased ethanol-elicited conditioned place preference in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:2109-19. [PMID: 22781839 PMCID: PMC3773660 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Whether metabotropic glutamate 7 (mGluR7) -activation enhances or diminishes the reinforcing properties of psychostimulants remains unclear. We have previously shown that systemic mGluR7 activation reduced alcohol consumption and preference as well as locomotor-stimulating and rewarding properties of ethanol. In this study, we further examined the contribution of mGluR7 on the effect of ethanol within the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a neural target for many drugs of abuse. Using short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing lentiviral vectors (LV) to alter locally the activity of mGluR7 in male rats, we have shown that blocking mGluR7 expression increased ethanol consumption and preference in a two-bottle choice drinking paradigm with no effect either on saccharin or on quinine used for taste discrimination. In addition, mGluR7 knockdown increases preference for environments previously paired with low doses of ethanol in the conditioned place preference (CPP) test, as it shifted the dose-response curve for ethanol CPP to the left, indicating alterations in the rewarding effects of alcohol. More importantly, mGluR7 blockade in the dorsal striatum (DS) neither affected ethanol consumption nor ethanol-elicited CPP. These results show that levels of mGluR7 in the NAcc regulate responsiveness to alcohol. Taken together, these findings clearly demonstrate that mGluR7 signaling within the NAcc is a key modulator of functional responses to ethanol and offer an important target for regulating the addictive effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Bahi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Tawam Medical Campus, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE, Tel: +971 3 7137 516, Fax: +971 3 7672 033, E-mail:
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Chen H, Hiler KA, Tolley EA, Matta SG, Sharp BM. Genetic factors control nicotine self-administration in isogenic adolescent rat strains. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44234. [PMID: 22937166 PMCID: PMC3429443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult cigarette smokers usually become dependent on cigarettes during adolescence. Despite recent advances in addiction genetics, little data delineates the genetic factors that account for the vulnerability of humans to smoke tobacco. We studied the operant nicotine self-administration (SA) behavior of six inbred strains of adolescent male rats (Fisher 344, Brown Norway, Dark Agouti, Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat, Wistar Kyoto and Lewis) and six selected F1 hybrids. All rats were trained to press a lever to obtain food starting on postnatal day (PN) 32, and then nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) reinforcement was made available on PN41-42 (10 consecutive daily 2 h sessions). Of the 12 isogenic strains, Fisher rats self-administered the fewest nicotine infusions (1.45 ± 0.36/d) during the last 3 d, while Lewis rats took the most nicotine (13.0 ± 1.4/d). These strains sorted into high, intermediate and low self-administration groups in 2, 2, and 8 strains, respectively. The influence of heredity on nicotine SA (0.64) is similar to that reported for humans. Therefore, this panel of isogenic rat strains effectively models the overall impact of genetics on the vulnerability to acquire nicotine-reinforced behavior during adolescence. Separate groups of rats responded for food starting on PN41. The correlation between nicotine and food reward was not significant. Hence, the genetic control of the motivation to obtain nicotine is distinctly different from food reward, indicating the specificity of the underlying genetic mechanisms. Lastly, the behavior of F1 hybrids was not predicted from the additive behavior of the parental strains, indicating the impact of significant gene-gene interactions on the susceptibility to nicotine reward. Taken together, the behavioral characteristics of this model indicate its strong potential to identify specific genes mediating the human vulnerability to smoke cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HC); (BS)
| | - Katie A. Hiler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Tolley
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shannon G. Matta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Burt M. Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HC); (BS)
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Quantitative trait loci for sensitivity to ethanol intoxication in a C57BL/6J×129S1/SvImJ inbred mouse cross. Mamm Genome 2012; 23:305-21. [PMID: 22371272 PMCID: PMC3357470 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Individual variation in sensitivity to acute ethanol (EtOH) challenge is associated with alcohol drinking and is a predictor of alcohol abuse. Previous studies have shown that the C57BL/6J (B6) and 129S1/SvImJ (S1) inbred mouse strains differ in responses on certain measures of acute EtOH intoxication. To gain insight into genetic factors contributing to these differences, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of measures of EtOH-induced ataxia (accelerating rotarod), hypothermia, and loss of righting reflex (LORR) duration in a B6 × S1 F2 population. We confirmed that S1 showed greater EtOH-induced hypothermia (specifically at a high dose) and longer LORR compared to B6. QTL analysis revealed several additive and interacting loci for various phenotypes, as well as examples of genotype interactions with sex. QTLs for different EtOH phenotypes were largely non-overlapping, suggesting separable genetic influences on these behaviors. The most compelling main-effect QTLs were for hypothermia on chromosome 16 and for LORR on chromosomes 4 and 6. Several QTLs overlapped with loci repeatedly linked to EtOH drinking in previous mouse studies. The architecture of the traits we examined was complex but clearly amenable to dissection in future studies. Using integrative genomics strategies, plausible functional and positional candidates may be found. Uncovering candidate genes associated with variation in these phenotypes in this population could ultimately shed light on genetic factors underlying sensitivity to EtOH intoxication and risk for alcoholism in humans.
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