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Lee CS, Kimura A, Wu JF, Ni YH, Hsu HY, Chang MH, Nittono H, Chen HL. Prognostic roles of tetrahydroxy bile acids in infantile intrahepatic cholestasis. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:607-614. [PMID: 28073941 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p070425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydroxy bile acids (THBAs) are hydrophilic and are present at minimal or undetectable levels in healthy human adults, but are present at high levels in bile salt export pump (abcb11)-knockout mice. The roles of THBAs in human cholestatic diseases are unclear. We aimed to investigate the presence of THBAs in patients with infantile intrahepatic cholestasis and its correlation with outcome. Urinary bile acids (BAs) were analyzed by GC-MS. Data were compared between good (n = 21) (disease-free before 1 year old) and poor prognosis groups (n = 19). Good prognosis patients had a higher urinary THBA proportion than poor prognosis patients [25.89% (3.45-76.73%) vs. 1.93% (0.05-48.90%)]. A urinary THBA proportion >7.23% predicted good prognosis with high sensitivity (95.24%), specificity (84.21%), and area under the curve (0.91) (P < 0.0001). A THBA proportion 7.23% was an independent factor for decreased transplant-free survival (hazard ratio = 7.16, confidence interval: 1.24-41.31, P = 0.028). Patients with a confirmed ABCB11 or tight junction protein 2 gene mutation (n = 7) had a minimally detectable THBA proportion (0.23-2.99% of total BAs). Three patients with an ATP8B1 mutation had an elevated THBA proportion (7.51-37.26%). In conclusion, in addition to disease entity as a major determinant of outcome, a high THBA level was associated with good outcome in the infantile intrahepatic cholestasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Seng Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jia-Feng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsuan Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hwei Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Huey-Ling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan .,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yoshimura T, Taniguchi T, Kurosawa T, Kimura A, Tolima M. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Conjugated and Unconjugated 3-Oxo-Δ4- and 3-Oxo-Δ4,6-Bile Acids in Human Urine. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079708013663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Yoshimura
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari-Tobetsu , Hokkaido, 061-02, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Taniguchi
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari-Tobetsu , Hokkaido, 061-02, Japan
| | - Takao Kurosawa
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari-Tobetsu , Hokkaido, 061-02, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- b Department of Pediatrics and Child Health , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume, Fukuoka, 830, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tolima
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari-Tobetsu , Hokkaido, 061-02, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Chace
- Division of Bio-Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Neo Gen Screening, Inc., P.O. Box 219, Bridgeville, Pennsylvania 15017, USA.
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Kimura A, Endo F, Kagimoto S, Inoue T, Suzuki M, Kurosawa T, Tohma M, Fujisawa T, Kato H. Tyrosinemia type I-like disease: a possible manifestation of 3-oxo-delta 4-steroid 5 beta-reductase deficiency. Pediatr Int 1998. [PMID: 9695292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that quantitative analysis of urinary bile acids may help to distinguish primary 3-oxo-delta 4-steroid 5 beta-reductase deficiency from the excretion of 3-oxo-delta 4 bile acids that occurs as a result of liver damage. METHODS Urinary bile acids were quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in four Japanese patients with severe neonatal cholestasis associated with hypertyrosinemia without urinary succinylacetone (i.e. tyrosinemia type I-like disease). These four patients represented sporadic cases. RESULTS Large amounts of 3-oxo-delta 4 bile acids were detected, which comprised greater than 80% of the total urinary bile acids. Small amounts of allo-bile acids and primary bile acids were also detected, comprising less than 1% and 15% of the total urinary bile acids, respectively. CONCLUSIONS It was suspected that these four patients had a primary 3-oxo-delta 4-steroid 5 beta-reductase deficiency. However, it is possible that some patients in this study may have had a secondary 3-oxo-delta 4-steroid 5 beta-reductase deficiency, caused by idiopathic neonatal cholestatic liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kimura A, Kondo KH, Okuda KI, Higashi S, Suzuki M, Kurosawa T, Tohma M, Inoue T, Nishiyori A, Yoshino M, Kato H, Setoguchi T. Diagnosis of the first Japanese patient with 3-oxo-delta4-steroid 5beta-reductase deficiency by use of immunoblot analysis. Eur J Pediatr 1998; 157:386-90. [PMID: 9625335 DOI: 10.1007/s004310050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A 3-oxo-delta4-steroid 5beta-reductase (5beta-reductase) deficiency is difficult to diagnose because severe liver damage can result in a similar pattern of metabolite excretion. We investigated the usefulness of immunoblot analysis for diagnosis of 5beta-reductase deficiency and quantitatively analysed urinary bile acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in a 5-month-old Japanese boy with severe neonatal cholestasis associated with hypertyrosinaemia. A liver sample was examined by immunoblot analysis using monoclonal antibodies against 5beta-reductase. Urinary 3-oxo-delta4 bile acids accounted for 88.3% of total bile acids, 5alpha-bile acids for 0.9%, and primary bile acids for 9.1%. Immunoblot analysis of the liver tissue showed an indistinct band of 5beta-reductase. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that this patient had a secondary 5beta-reductase deficiency due to severe liver damage, even though 3-oxo-delta4 bile acids constituted more than 70% of total urinary bile acids. However, the patient may possibly have had an inherited 5beta-reductase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kimura
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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Kimura A, Suzuki M, Murai T, Kurosawa T, Tohma M, Sata M, Inoue T, Hoshiyama A, Nakashima E, Yamashita Y, Fujisawa T, Kato H. Urinary 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic and 3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oic acids in infants with cholestasis. J Hepatol 1998; 28:270-9. [PMID: 9514540 DOI: 10.1016/0168-8278(88)80014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Urinary 3-oxo-delta4 bile acids have been detected in infants who ultimately died of liver disease. We used qualitative and quantitative methods to compare urinary 3-oxo-delta4 bile acids in liver disease, determining their composition and evaluating the prognostic implication in patients of various ages with various liver diseases. METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to measure 3-oxo-delta4 bile acids in the urine of patients and healthy controls. RESULTS Patients with a deficiency of 3-oxo-delta4-steroid 5beta-reductase and acute hepatic failure exhibited a significantly higher percentage of 3-oxo-delta4 bile acids in total bile acids in urine than the healthy controls or other patient groups, including those with neonatal cholestasis or biliary atresia (p<0.0001). The urinary 3-oxo-delta4 bile acids in patients with 3-oxo-delta4-steroid 5beta-reductase deficiency who had a poor prognosis were mainly 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid and 3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that an increase in the 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid and 3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid in the urine of patients with hepatobiliary disease indicates a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Suzuki M, Murai T, Yoshimura T, Kimura A, Kurosawa T, Tohma M. Determination of 3-oxo-delta4- and 3-oxo-delta4,6-bile acids and related compounds in biological fluids of infants with cholestasis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 693:11-21. [PMID: 9200514 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A method has been developed for the determination of 3-oxo-delta4- and 3-oxo-delta4,6-bile acids and related bile acids in biological fluids of infants by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the methyl ester-dimethylethylsilyl ether-methoxime derivatives. The 7alpha-hydroxylated 3-oxo-delta4-bile acids were partially dehydrated to give the 3-oxo-delta4,6-bile acids by trimethylsilyl or dimethylethylsilyl derivatization and other pretreatments under acidic or alkaline conditions for GC-MS analysis. To prevent dehydration, the 3-oxo-delta4-bile acids were derivatized to the oximes by treatment with O-methylhydroxylamine prior to pretreatments such as solid-phase extraction, enzymatic solvolysis and hydrolysis of the conjugates, and silylation with dimethylethylsilylimidazole. Calibration curves for the bile acids were linear over a range of 5-250 ng and the detection limit was 100 pg for each 3-oxo-delta4-bile acid. Recoveries of the bile acids and their glycine and taurine conjugates from bile acid-free urine and serum ranged from 94.2 to 105.9% of their added amounts. The bile acids in urine and serum of four patients with severe cholestatic liver disease were measured by the analytical method, and the 3-oxo-delta4-bile acids were determined to be the major bile acids (59-68%) in the urines associated with 3-oxo-delta4-steroid 5beta-reductase deficiency or dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
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