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Caixeta RAV, Batista AM, Caetano MW, Palmieri M, Schwab G, Zerbinati RM, Victor ASP, Gallo CDB, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Junges R, Ortega KL, Costa ALF, Sarmento DJDS, Pallos D, Lindoso JAL, Giannecchini S, Braz-Silva PH. Investigation of Oral Shedding of Torquetenovirus (TTV) in Moderate-to-Severe COVID-19 Hospitalised Patients. Viruses 2024; 16:831. [PMID: 38932124 PMCID: PMC11209259 DOI: 10.3390/v16060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Torquetenovirus (TTV) is a small DNA virus constituting the human virome. High levels of TTV-DNA have been shown to be associated with immunosuppression and inflammatory chronic disorders. AIM To assess the possible association between the salivary viral load of TTV-DNA in patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 and disease severity. METHODS Saliva samples collected from 176 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were used to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and TTV-DNA by use of real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS The majority of patients were male with severe COVID-19. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the saliva of 64.77% of patients, showing TTV-DNA in 55.68% of them. Patients with impaired clinical conditions (p < 0.001), which evolved to death (p = 0.003), showed a higher prevalence of TTV-DNA. The median viral load in patients with severe condition was 4.99 log10 copies/mL, in which those who were discharged and those evolving to death had values of 3.96 log10 copies/mL and 6.27 log10 copies/mL, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between the distribution of TTV-DNA viral load in saliva samples and severity of COVID-19 (p = 0.004) and disease outcomes (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that TTV-DNA in saliva could be a useful biomarker of COVID-19 severity and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Antônio Velôso Caixeta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.A.V.C.); (M.W.C.); (M.P.); (C.d.B.G.); (K.L.O.)
| | - Alexandre Mendes Batista
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
| | - Matheus Willian Caetano
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.A.V.C.); (M.W.C.); (M.P.); (C.d.B.G.); (K.L.O.)
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.A.V.C.); (M.W.C.); (M.P.); (C.d.B.G.); (K.L.O.)
| | - Gabriela Schwab
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
| | - Rodrigo Melim Zerbinati
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
| | - Andressa Silva Pereira Victor
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
| | - Camila de Barros Gallo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.A.V.C.); (M.W.C.); (M.P.); (C.d.B.G.); (K.L.O.)
| | - Tânia Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
| | - Roger Junges
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Karem L. Ortega
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.A.V.C.); (M.W.C.); (M.P.); (C.d.B.G.); (K.L.O.)
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Débora Pallos
- School of Dentistry, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo 04743-030, Brazil;
| | - José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso
- Emílio Ribas Institute of Infectious Diseases, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Protozoology (LIM-49-HC-FMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.A.V.C.); (M.W.C.); (M.P.); (C.d.B.G.); (K.L.O.)
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
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de Campos GM, de La-Roque DGL, Lima ARJ, Zucherato VS, de Carvalho E, de Lima LPO, de Queiroz Cattony Neto P, dos Santos MM, Ciccozzi M, Giovanetti M, Haddad R, Alcantara LCJ, Elias MC, Sampaio SC, Covas DT, Kashima S, Slavov SN. Exploring Viral Metagenomics in Pediatric Patients with Acute Respiratory Infections: Unveiling Pathogens beyond SARS-CoV-2. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2744. [PMID: 38004755 PMCID: PMC10672962 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent pandemic have prompted extensive diagnostic and clinical efforts to mitigate viral spread. However, these strategies have largely overlooked the presence of other respiratory viruses. Acute respiratory diseases in pediatric patients can be caused by a diverse range of viral agents, and metagenomics represents a powerful tool for their characterization. This study aimed to investigate the viral abundance in pediatric patients with acute respiratory symptoms who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron pandemic wave. To achieve this, viral metagenomics and next-generation sequencing were employed on 96 nasopharyngeal swab samples, which were organized into 12 pools, with each pool consisting of eight individual samples. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the most prevalent viruses associated with acute disease in pediatric patients were respiratory syncytial virus (detected in all pools) and enteroviruses, which are known to cause significant morbidity and mortality in children. Additionally, clinically significant viruses such as mumps orthorubulavirus, human metapneumovirus, influenza A, and a wide array of human herpesviruses (1, 3-7) were identified. These findings highlight the extensive potential of viral metagenomics in identifying viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 that contribute to acute infections in children. Consequently, this methodology should garner clinical attention in terms of differential diagnosis and the development of public policies to address such conditions in the global pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Montenegro de Campos
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-190, Brazil; (G.M.d.C.); (D.G.L.d.L.-R.); (V.S.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Debora Glenda Lima de La-Roque
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-190, Brazil; (G.M.d.C.); (D.G.L.d.L.-R.); (V.S.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Alex Ranieri Jerônimo Lima
- Center for Scientific Development (CDC), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.R.J.L.); (E.d.C.); (L.P.O.d.L.); (P.d.Q.C.N.); (M.M.d.S.); (M.C.E.); (S.C.S.); (D.T.C.)
| | - Victória Simionatto Zucherato
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-190, Brazil; (G.M.d.C.); (D.G.L.d.L.-R.); (V.S.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Eneas de Carvalho
- Center for Scientific Development (CDC), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.R.J.L.); (E.d.C.); (L.P.O.d.L.); (P.d.Q.C.N.); (M.M.d.S.); (M.C.E.); (S.C.S.); (D.T.C.)
| | - Loyze Paola Oliveira de Lima
- Center for Scientific Development (CDC), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.R.J.L.); (E.d.C.); (L.P.O.d.L.); (P.d.Q.C.N.); (M.M.d.S.); (M.C.E.); (S.C.S.); (D.T.C.)
| | - Pedro de Queiroz Cattony Neto
- Center for Scientific Development (CDC), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.R.J.L.); (E.d.C.); (L.P.O.d.L.); (P.d.Q.C.N.); (M.M.d.S.); (M.C.E.); (S.C.S.); (D.T.C.)
| | - Murilo Marconi dos Santos
- Center for Scientific Development (CDC), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.R.J.L.); (E.d.C.); (L.P.O.d.L.); (P.d.Q.C.N.); (M.M.d.S.); (M.C.E.); (S.C.S.); (D.T.C.)
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instututo Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.)
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Haddad
- Campus Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Federal District of Brazil, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Maria Carolina Elias
- Center for Scientific Development (CDC), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.R.J.L.); (E.d.C.); (L.P.O.d.L.); (P.d.Q.C.N.); (M.M.d.S.); (M.C.E.); (S.C.S.); (D.T.C.)
| | - Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio
- Center for Scientific Development (CDC), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.R.J.L.); (E.d.C.); (L.P.O.d.L.); (P.d.Q.C.N.); (M.M.d.S.); (M.C.E.); (S.C.S.); (D.T.C.)
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Scientific Development (CDC), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.R.J.L.); (E.d.C.); (L.P.O.d.L.); (P.d.Q.C.N.); (M.M.d.S.); (M.C.E.); (S.C.S.); (D.T.C.)
| | - Simone Kashima
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-190, Brazil; (G.M.d.C.); (D.G.L.d.L.-R.); (V.S.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-190, Brazil; (G.M.d.C.); (D.G.L.d.L.-R.); (V.S.Z.); (S.K.)
- Center for Scientific Development (CDC), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.R.J.L.); (E.d.C.); (L.P.O.d.L.); (P.d.Q.C.N.); (M.M.d.S.); (M.C.E.); (S.C.S.); (D.T.C.)
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Kyathanahalli C, Snedden M, Singh L, Regalia C, Keenan-Devlin L, Borders AE, Hirsch E. Maternal plasma and salivary anelloviruses in pregnancy and preterm birth. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1191938. [PMID: 37396897 PMCID: PMC10309558 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1191938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human anelloviruses, including torque teno virus (TTV) and torque teno mini virus (TTMV), are ubiquitous in the general population and have no known pathogenicity. We investigated the prevalence and viral load of TTV and TTMV in plasma and saliva over pregnancy, and assessed their association with spontaneous or medically indicated preterm birth. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Maternal Stress (MOMS) study, which recruited 744 individuals with singleton pregnancies from 4 US sites (Chicago, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, and rural Pennsylvania). Baseline outpatient visits took place in the second trimester (between 12'0 and 20'6/7 weeks' gestation), and follow-up visits in the third trimester (between 32'0 and 35'6/7 weeks' gestation). In a case-control study design, participants who delivered preterm (<37 weeks) resulting from spontaneous labor and/or preterm premature rupture of membranes ("sPTB") were compared with participants experiencing medically indicated preterm birth ("iPTB"), or delivery at term ("controls"). Plasma and saliva samples obtained during the second and third trimesters were tested for the presence and quantity of TTV and TTMV using real-time PCR. Demographic data were obtained via self-report, and clinical data via medical record review by trained research personnel. Results TTV was detected in plasma from 81% (second trimester) and 77% (third trimester) of participants, and in saliva from 64 and 60%. Corresponding detection rates for TTMV were 59 and 41% in plasma, and 35 and 24% in saliva. TTV and TTMV concentrations were similar between matched plasma and saliva samples. TTV prevalence and concentrations were not significantly different between groups (sPTB, iPTB, and controls). However, plasma TTMV in the third trimester was associated with sPTB and earlier gestational age at delivery. The iPTB group was not different from either the sPTB or the control group. In saliva, concentrations of TTV and TTMV were similar among the three groups. Both TTV and TTMV were more prevalent with increasing parity and were more common in Black and Hispanic participants compared to non-Hispanic White participants. Conclusion Anellovirus presence (specifically, TTMV) in the third trimester may be associated with preterm birth. Whether this association is causative remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekara Kyathanahalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Madeline Snedden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Lavisha Singh
- Department of Statistics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Camilla Regalia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Lauren Keenan-Devlin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ann E. Borders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Healthcare Studies, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Butkovic A, Kraberger S, Smeele Z, Martin DP, Schmidlin K, Fontenele RS, Shero MR, Beltran RS, Kirkham AL, Aleamotu’a M, Burns JM, Koonin EV, Varsani A, Krupovic M. Evolution of anelloviruses from a circovirus-like ancestor through gradual augmentation of the jelly-roll capsid protein. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead035. [PMID: 37325085 PMCID: PMC10266747 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anelloviruses are highly prevalent in diverse mammals, including humans, but so far have not been linked to any disease and are considered to be part of the 'healthy virome'. These viruses have small circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes and encode several proteins with no detectable sequence similarity to proteins of other known viruses. Thus, anelloviruses are the only family of eukaryotic ssDNA viruses currently not included in the realm Monodnaviria. To gain insights into the provenance of these enigmatic viruses, we sequenced more than 250 complete genomes of anelloviruses from nasal and vaginal swab samples of Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) from Antarctica and a fecal sample of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) from the USA and performed a comprehensive family-wide analysis of the signature anellovirus protein ORF1. Using state-of-the-art remote sequence similarity detection approaches and structural modeling with AlphaFold2, we show that ORF1 orthologs from all Anelloviridae genera adopt a jelly-roll fold typical of viral capsid proteins (CPs), establishing an evolutionary link to other eukaryotic ssDNA viruses, specifically, circoviruses. However, unlike CPs of other ssDNA viruses, ORF1 encoded by anelloviruses from different genera display remarkable variation in size, due to insertions into the jelly-roll domain. In particular, the insertion between β-strands H and I forms a projection domain predicted to face away from the capsid surface and function at the interface of virus-host interactions. Consistent with this prediction and supported by recent experimental evidence, the outermost region of the projection domain is a mutational hotspot, where rapid evolution was likely precipitated by the host immune system. Collectively, our findings further expand the known diversity of anelloviruses and explain how anellovirus ORF1 proteins likely diverged from canonical jelly-roll CPs through gradual augmentation of the projection domain. We suggest assigning Anelloviridae to a new phylum, 'Commensaviricota', and including it into the kingdom Shotokuvirae (realm Monodnaviria), alongside Cressdnaviricota and Cossaviricota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Butkovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Zoe Smeele
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Darren P Martin
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Kara Schmidlin
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Rafaela S Fontenele
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Michelle R Shero
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Roxanne S Beltran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Amy L Kirkham
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management, 1011 E, Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA
| | - Maketalena Aleamotu’a
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 1 Anzio Road, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
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Kaczorowska J, Cicilionytė A, Wahdaty AF, Deijs M, Jebbink MF, Bakker M, van der Hoek L. Transmission of anelloviruses to HIV-1 infected children. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:951040. [PMID: 36187966 PMCID: PMC9523257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anelloviruses (AVs) are widespread in the population and infect humans at the early stage of life. The mode of transmission of AVs is still unknown, however, mother-to-child transmission, e.g., via breastfeeding, is one of the likely infection routes. To determine whether the mother-to-child transmission of AVs may still occur despite the absence of natural birth and breastfeeding, 29 serum samples from five HIV-1-positive mother and child pairs were Illumina-sequenced. The Illumina reads were mapped to an AV lineage database “Anellometrix” containing 502 distinct ORF1 sequences. Although the majority of lineages from the mother were not shared with the child, the mother and child anellomes did display a significant similarity. These findings suggest that AVs may be transmitted from mothers to their children via different routes than delivery or breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaczorowska
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aurelija Cicilionytė
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annet Firouzi Wahdaty
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Deijs
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Jebbink
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margreet Bakker
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Lia van der Hoek,
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Batista AM, Caetano MW, Stincarelli MA, Mamana AC, Zerbinati RM, Sarmento DJS, Gallottini M, Caixeta RAV, Medina-Pestana J, Hasséus B, Zanella L, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Giannecchini S, Braz-Silva PH. Quantification of torque teno virus (TTV) DNA in saliva and plasma samples in patients at short time before and after kidney transplantation. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 14:2008140. [PMID: 34912500 PMCID: PMC8667915 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.2008140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several reports have proposed that the viral load of torque teno virus (TTV) in plasma is a biomarker of immune function in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additionally, for the latter one, TTV-DNA quantification in saliva has also been suggested. Aim to investigate the correlation between the TTV viral load and immune function in paired saliva and plasma samples in patients on kidney transplantation. Materials and Methods TTV-DNA viral load was quantified in paired samples of saliva and plasma from 71 patients before and a short-time after renal-transplantation by real-time PCR. Results The data obtained from 213 paired samples showed a slight consistency in the comparison between saliva and plasma, with prevalence of TTV-DNA being 58%, 52% and 60% in saliva samples and 60%, 73% and 90% in plasma samples before and at 15–20 and 45–60 days after transplantation, respectively. Additionally, a high TTV viral load was observed in plasma at 15–20 and 45–60 days after transplantation compared to that observed in saliva at the same time. Conclusions Overall, monitoring TTV-DNA in saliva samples could be an additional fast non-invasive option to assess the immune functionality in SOT populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mendes Batista
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus W. Caetano
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Stincarelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana C. Mamana
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Melim Zerbinati
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dmitry J. S. Sarmento
- Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oral Medicine, State University of Paraiba, Araruna, Brazil
| | - Marina Gallottini
- Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael A. V. Caixeta
- Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Medina-Pestana
- Division of Renal Transplantation, Kidney and Hypertension Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bengt Hasséus
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, University of Gothenburg Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Zanella
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus – Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine (BIOREN - CEMT), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tania R. Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paulo H. Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Torquetenovirus in saliva: A potential biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 infection? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256357. [PMID: 34428230 PMCID: PMC8384193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Torquetenovirus (TTV) is present in biological fluids from healthy individuals and measurement of its titer is used to assess immune status in individuals with chronic infections and after transplants. We assessed if the titer of TTV in saliva varied with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharynx and could be a marker of COVID-19 status. Saliva from 91 individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 in nasal-oropharyngeal samples, and from 126 individuals who were SARS-CoV-2-negative, all with mild respiratory symptoms, were analyzed. Both groups were similar in age, gender, symptom duration and time after symptom initiation when saliva was collected. Titers of TTV and SARS-CoV-2 were assessed by gene amplification. Loss of smell (p = 0.0001) and fever (p = 0.0186) were more prevalent in SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals, while sore throat (p = 0.0001), fatigue (p = 0.0037) and diarrhea (p = 0.0475) were more frequent in the SARS-CoV-2 negative group. The saliva TTV and nasal-oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 titers were correlated (p = 0.0085). The TTV level decreased as symptoms resolved in the SARS-CoV-2 infected group (p = 0.0285) but remained unchanged in the SARS-CoV-2 negative controls. In SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects who provided 2-4 saliva samples and in which TTV was initially present, the TTV titer always decreased over time as symptoms resolved. We propose that sequential TTV measurement in saliva is potentially useful to assess the likelihood of symptom resolution in SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals and to predict prognosis.
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8
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Kaczorowska J, van der Hoek L. Human anelloviruses: diverse, omnipresent and commensal members of the virome. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 44:305-313. [PMID: 32188999 PMCID: PMC7326371 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anelloviruses are small, single stranded circular DNA viruses. They are extremely diverse and have not been associated with any disease so far. Strikingly, these small entities infect most probably the complete human population, and there are no convincing examples demonstrating viral clearance from infected individuals. The main transmission could be via fecal-oral or airway route, as infections occur at an early age. However, due to the lack of an appropriate culture system, the virus–host interactions remain enigmatic. Anelloviruses are obviously mysterious viruses, and their impact on human life is not yet known, but, with no evidence of a disease association, a potential beneficial effect on human health should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaczorowska
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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9
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Rueschenbaum S, Ciesek S, Queck A, Widera M, Schwarzkopf K, Brüne B, Welsch C, Wedemeyer H, Zeuzem S, Weigert A, Lange CM. Dysregulated Adaptive Immunity Is an Early Event in Liver Cirrhosis Preceding Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Front Immunol 2021; 11:534731. [PMID: 33574809 PMCID: PMC7870861 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.534731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by high levels of systemic inflammation and parallel suppression of innate immunity, whereas little is known about adaptive immune immunity in ACLF. We therefore aimed to characterize the development of the adaptive immune system during the progression of liver cirrhosis to ACLF. Patients with compensated/stable decompensated liver cirrhosis, acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis, or ACLF were recruited from a prospective cohort study. Comprehensive immunophenotyping was performed using high dimensional flow cytometry. Replication of Torque teno (TT) virus was quantified as a marker of immunosuppression. High frequencies of detectable TT virus were observed already in patients with compensated/stable decompensated liver cirrhosis compared to healthy controls (>50% vs. 19%), suggesting relatively early occurrence of immunosuppression in cirrhosis. In line, profoundly reduced numbers of distinct innate and adaptive immune cell populations were observed before ACLF development. These changes were accompanied by parallel upregulation of co-stimulatory (e.g. CD40L, OX40, CD69, GITR, TIM-1) and inhibitory immune checkpoints (e.g. PDPN, PROCR, 2B4, TIGIT) on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which again preceded the development of ACLF. On a functional basis, the capacity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines upon stimulation was strongly diminished in patients with acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis and ACLF. Conclusion Impaired innate and—in particular—adaptive cellular immunity occurs relatively early in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and precedes ACLF. This may contribute to the development of ACLF by increasing the risk of infections in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rueschenbaum
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Queck
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Schwarzkopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Welsch
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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10
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Investigation of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) DNA as an immunological and virological marker in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Maev IV, Karlovich TI, Burmistrov AI, Chekmazov IA, Andreev DN, Reshetnyak VI. Current Views of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in Liver Diseases. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2020; 30:7-22. [DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-4-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Maev
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - T. I. Karlovich
- Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Care of the Russian President Administration
| | | | - I. A. Chekmazov
- Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Care of the Russian President Administration
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12
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Beyond Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus: a Review of Viruses Composing the Blood Virome of Solid Organ Transplant and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:33/4/e00027-20. [PMID: 32847820 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00027-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral primary infections and reactivations are common complications in patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Among these patients, viral infections are frequently associated with viremia. Beyond the usual well-known viruses that are part of the routine clinical management of transplant recipients, numerous other viral signatures or genomes can be identified in the blood of these patients. The identification of novel viral species and variants by metagenomic next-generation sequencing has opened up a new field of investigation and new paradigms. Thus, there is a need to thoroughly describe the state of knowledge in this field with a review of all viral infections that should be scrutinized in high-risk populations. Here, we review the eukaryotic DNA and RNA viruses identified in blood, plasma, or serum samples of pediatric and adult SOT/HSCT recipients and the prevalence of their detection, with a particular focus on recently identified viruses and those for which their potential association with disease remains to be investigated, such as members of the Polyomaviridae, Anelloviridae, Flaviviridae, and Astroviridae families. Current knowledge of the clinical significance of these viral infections with associated viremia among transplant recipients is also discussed. To ensure a comprehensive description in these two populations, individuals described as healthy (mostly blood donors) are considered for comparative purposes. The list of viruses that should be on the clinicians' radar is certainly incomplete and will expand, but the challenge is to identify those of possible clinical significance.
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13
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Reshetnyak VI, Maev IV, Burmistrov AI, Chekmazov IA, Karlovich TI. Torque teno virus in liver diseases: On the way towards unity of view. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1691-1707. [PMID: 32351287 PMCID: PMC7183866 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The review presents the data accumulated for more than 20 years of research of torque teno virus (TTV). Its molecular genetic structure, immunobiology, epidemiology, diagnostic methods, possible replication sites, and pathogenicity factors are described. TTV is a virus that is frequently detectable in patients with different viral hepatitides, in cases of hepatitis without an obvious viral agent, as well as in a healthy population. There is evidence suggesting that biochemical and histological changes occur in liver tissue and bile duct epithelium in TTV monoinfection. There are sufficient histological signs of liver damage, which confirm that the virus can undergo a replicative cycle in hepatocytes. Along with this, cytological hybridization in TTV-infected cells has shown no substantial cytopathic (cell-damaging) effects that are characteristic of pathogenic hepatotropic viruses. Studying TTV has led to the evolution of views on its role in the development of human pathology. The first ideas about the hepatotropism of the virus were gradually reformed as new data became available on the prevalence of the virus and its co-infection with other viruses, including the viruses of the known types of hepatitides. The high prevalence of TTV in the human population indicates its persistence in the body as a virome and a non-pathogenic virus. It has recently been proposed that the level of TTV DNA in the blood of patients undergoing organ transplantation should be used as an endogenous marker of the body’s immune status. The available data show the polytropism of the virus and deny the fact that TTV can be assigned exclusively to hepatitis viruses. Fortunately, the rare detection of the damaging effect of TTV on hepatic and bile duct epithelial cells may be indirect evidence of its conditionally pathogenic properties. The ubiquity of the virus and the variability of its existence in humans cannot put an end to its study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy I Reshetnyak
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Igor V Maev
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Alexandr I Burmistrov
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Igor A Chekmazov
- Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow 121359, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Karlovich
- Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow 121359, Russia
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14
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Guo G, Ye L, Shi X, Yan K, Huang J, Lin K, Xing D, Ye S, Wu Y, Li B, Chen C, Xue X, Zhang H. Dysbiosis in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Virome Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:131. [PMID: 32328467 PMCID: PMC7153479 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pathogen infection plays a role in the development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous studies showed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) harbor many viral communities. However, little is known about the viral components and the expression profiles of SLE-associated virome. We aimed to identify viral taxonomic markers of SLE that might be used in the detection of disease or in predicting its outcome. Methods: Non-human sequence data from high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of PBMC samples from 10 SLE patients and 10 healthy individuals were used for taxonomic alignment against an integrated virome reference genome database. Based on abundance profiles of SLE-associated virome species, genera, or host, Random Forests model was used to identify the viruses associated with SLE diagnostic markers. Spearman's correlation and functional clustering was used to analyze the interaction of candidate virome dysbiosis and SLE-associated differentially expressed genes. Results: A total of 419 viruses (38 human associated viruses, 350 phage, and 31 other viruses) was detected and the diversity of the PBMC virome was significantly increased in patients with SLE compared to the healthy controls (HCs). Viral taxa discriminated the cases from the controls, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.883, 0.695, and 0.540 for species, genus, and host, respectively. Clinical subgroup analysis showed that candidate PBMC viral markers were associated with stable- and active-stage SLE. Functional analyses showed that virome dysbiosis was mainly relevant to cellular and metabolic processes. Conclusion: We identified virome signatures associated with SLE, which might help develop tools to identify SLE patients or predict the disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqiang Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lele Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kejing Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kangming Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dong Xing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sisi Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Second Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaosheng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huidi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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15
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Rezahosseini O, Drabe CH, Sørensen SS, Rasmussen A, Perch M, Ostrowski SR, Nielsen SD. Torque-Teno virus viral load as a potential endogenous marker of immune function in solid organ transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2019; 33:137-144. [PMID: 30981537 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients receive immunosuppressive therapy to avoid rejection of the transplanted organ. Immunosuppressive therapy increases the risk of infections. However, no existing marker reliably reveals the status of the immune function in SOT recipients. Torque-Teno virus or Transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) has gained attention as a possible endogenous marker of the immune function. TTV is a non-enveloped, circular single strand DNA virus, and it may be considered a part of the human virome. In a bidirectional relationship, the immune system detects TTV and TTV may also modulate the activity of immune system. These characteristics have made the virus a possible candidate indicator of immune function. In this systematic review, we describe the role and potential function of TTV viral load as an endogenous marker of the immune function and consequently the level of immune suppression in SOT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Rezahosseini
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Heldbjerg Drabe
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Rasmussen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Perch
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Mazzola JC, Saito PK, Yamakawa RH, Watanabe MAE, da Silva Junior WV, Matta ACG, Borelli SD. Prevalence of Torque teno virus in healthy donors of Paraná State, southern Brazil. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2015; 37:336-40. [PMID: 26408369 PMCID: PMC4685100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence of the Torque teno virus in healthy donors in the northern and northwestern regions of the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Methods The Torque teno virus was detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction using a set of oligoprimers for the N22 region. Results The prevalence of the virus was 69% in 551 healthy blood donors in southern Brazil. There was no statistically significant difference between the presence of the virus and the variables gender, ethnicity and marital status. There was significant difference in the prevalence of the virus regarding the age of the donors (p-value = 0.024) with a higher incidence (74.7%) in 18- to 24-year-old donors. Conclusion A high prevalence of Torque teno virus was observed in the population studied. Further studies are needed to elucidate the routes of contamination and the clinical implications of the virus in the healthy population.
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17
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Haloschan M, Bettesch R, Görzer I, Weseslindtner L, Kundi M, Puchhammer-Stöckl E. TTV DNA plasma load and its association with age, gender, and HCMV IgG serostatus in healthy adults. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9716. [PMID: 25284090 PMCID: PMC4185385 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding immunosenescence and changes in antimicrobial immune response with age is of high importance. The association of immunosenescence with gender and persistent infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a matter of intensive research. We determined whether replication of another persistent and highly prevalent virus, Torque teno virus (TTV), is related to age, gender, and HCMV IgG serostatus of the host. TTV DNA load in plasma was assessed by real-time PCR in 313 healthy persons: 20-30 years old (young, n = 104), 50-60 years old (middle-aged, n = 101), or >80 years old (elderly, n = 108). TTV DNA loads were further associated with age-groups, gender, and HCMV IgG serostatus. TTV load was significantly higher in the elderly compared to the young group (p < 0.001; Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD)), and the higher TTV DNA levels over age were found to be gender-specific (p = 0.002; ANOVA), with young women showing the lowest TTV load compared to young men (p = 0.009, t test) and compared to the other female age-groups (middle-aged p = 0.005; elderly p < 0.001; Tukey's HSD). TTV load of HCMV IgG-seropositive persons was significantly higher than that of the HCMV IgG seronegative in the young (p = 0.005; t test) and middle-aged (p = 0.016; t test) groups. These results indicate that the host's immune control of TTV replication decreases with age and is gender-specific. Persistent HCMV infection is significantly related to higher TTV DNA loads, especially at a younger age. Therefore, the influence of gender and HCMV on immunosenescence earlier in life should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Haloschan
- />Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Bettesch
- />Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Görzer
- />Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Weseslindtner
- />Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- />Institute for Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria
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Massaú A, Martins C, Nachtigal GC, Araújo AB, Rossetti ML, Niel C, da Silva CMD. The high prevalence of Torque teno virus DNA in blood donors and haemodialysis patients in southern Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107:684-6. [PMID: 22850961 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000500017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the frequency of Torque teno virus (TTV) infection in 150 blood donors and 77 patients requiring haemodialysis in southern Brazil. Plasma samples were screened for TTV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalences of TTV among blood donors and patients requiring haemodialysis were 73.3% and 68.8%, respectively. The presence of TTV was correlated with age in the blood donors (p = 0.024). In haemodialysis patients, no association was found between TTV infection and the demographic parameters (age, sex and education), the duration of haemodialysis or a history of blood transfusion. This study is the first to evaluate the prevalence of TTV infection in Brazilian patients requiring haemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Massaú
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Diagnóstico Genético e Molecula, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil, 92425-900
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Torque teno virus viremia load size in patients with selected congenital defects of innate immunity. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:692-4. [PMID: 21325487 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00466-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plasma loads of torque teno virus (TTV) among individuals differ extensively beginning early in life, suggesting a role for innate immunity. Here, congenital mannose-binding lectin deficiencies, but not deficiencies in respiratory ciliary function, correlated with increased TTV loads. Notably, however, the presence of either disorder was associated with particularly high TTV loads.
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20
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Brassard J, Gagné MJ, Houde A, Poitras E, Ward P. Development of a real-time TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of porcine and bovine Torque teno virus. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:2191-8. [PMID: 19958424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this study was to develop and to optimize molecular tools to detect the presence of Torque teno virus (TTV) in swine and cattle. A novel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a TaqMan probe was developed to detect both genogroups of TTV strains. METHODS AND RESULTS Oligonucleotide primers and hybridization probes were designed based on sequence analysis of the noncoding region, a highly conserved part of the genome. The real-time PCR assay specifically detected bovine and porcine TTV DNA without cross-amplification of other common pathogens. The assay was compared with conventional PCR and nested-PCR assays for the detection of porcine genogroups 1 and 2 and bovine TTV on plasma and faecal samples, and the assay was found faster, more reliable and reduced the risk of false positive results. CONCLUSIONS The real-time PCR assay provided better detection results for the two TTV genogroups in both swine and cattle compared to the conventional PCR assays. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This new TaqMan PCR assay will be a useful tool for the detection of animal TTV strains, to evaluate the viral load from animal host and finally to identify the presence of these viruses in the agri-food continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brassard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Food Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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