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Ahsan F, Shabbir A, Shahzad M, Mobashar A, Sharif M, Basheer MI, Tareen RB, Syed NIH. Amelioration of allergic asthma by Ziziphora clinopodioides via upregulation of aquaporins and downregulation of IL4 and IL5. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 266:39-46. [PMID: 31015030 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ziziphora clinopodioides has been frequently used as an anti asthmatic plant in traditional medication. Recent work explores the anti-asthmatic activity of Z. clinopodioides in allergen-induced asthmatic mice. Intraperitoneal sensitization followed by intranasal challenge were given with ovalbumin (allergen) to develop allergic asthma. Investigational groups of animals were administered with drug methylprednisolone (MP) (15 mg/kg body weight), n-hexane fraction, ethylacetate fraction, and methanolic extract of Z. clinopodioides extract (500 mg/kg b.w.) for successive 07 days. Hematoxyline and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains were used to evaluate histopathological parameters on lung tissues. As an index of lungs tissues edema, wet/dry weight ratio of lungs was determined. Evaluation of expression levels of AQP1, AQP5, IL4, and IL5 was conducted by using RT-PCR. The data exhibited that both Z. clinopodioides and MP attenuated differential and total leukocyte counts in hematological examination i.e. in BALF and blood. Treatment with Z. clinopodioides also caused suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration and expression levels of IL4 and IL5, the later could have caused attenuation of pulmonary inflammation. The study also found decline in lung wet/dry ratio and goblet cellh hyperplasia in treated groups which indicates amelioration of lung edema. Treatment with Z. clinopodioides significantly increased the expression levels of aquaporin-1 and -5, which could have led to reduction in lung edema. The treatment with MP showed comparable results to Z. clinopodioides. Current investigation revealed that Z. clinopodioides possessed anti-asthmatic property which might be accredited to upregulagted AQP1 and AQP5 levels and downregulated IL4 and IL5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ahsan
- Pharmacology section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Pharmacology section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore-Gujrat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Pharmacology section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Marriam Sharif
- Pharmacology section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sierra-Heredia C, North M, Brook J, Daly C, Ellis AK, Henderson D, Henderson SB, Lavigne É, Takaro TK. Aeroallergens in Canada: Distribution, Public Health Impacts, and Opportunities for Prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1577. [PMID: 30044421 PMCID: PMC6121311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aeroallergens occur naturally in the environment and are widely dispersed across Canada, yet their public health implications are not well-understood. This review intends to provide a scientific and public health-oriented perspective on aeroallergens in Canada: their distribution, health impacts, and new developments including the effects of climate change and the potential role of aeroallergens in the development of allergies and asthma. The review also describes anthropogenic effects on plant distribution and diversity, and how aeroallergens interact with other environmental elements, such as air pollution and weather events. Increased understanding of the relationships between aeroallergens and health will enhance our ability to provide accurate information, improve preventive measures and provide timely treatments for affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle North
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences and Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
- Allergy Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada.
| | - Jeff Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
| | - Christina Daly
- Air Quality Health Index, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Anne K Ellis
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences and Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
- Allergy Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada.
| | - Dave Henderson
- Health and Air Quality Services, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, QC K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Sarah B Henderson
- Environmental Health Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada.
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Éric Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada.
| | - Tim K Takaro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Interleukin-4 -590 T>C and interleukin-4 receptor Q551R A>G gene polymorphisms in Saudi cases with alopecia areata. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2017; 90:20-3. [PMID: 25853541 DOI: 10.1097/01.epx.0000461326.05328.d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immunogenetic factors are known to play a role in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA). This study aimed at investigating the association between AA with the polymorphisms of interleukin-4 (IL-4) promoter and receptor (IL-4R) genes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This work is a case-control study that was conducted on 76 AA patients from Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Patients were compared with 93 normal healthy controls from the same locality. Genomic DNA was extracted and processed using real-time PCR amplification for characterization of IL-4 -590 T>C and IL-4R Q551R A>G gene polymorphisms. RESULTS Cases of AA showed a higher frequency of the IL-4 -590 CC homozygous genotype compared with controls (63.2 vs. 53.8%, P>0.05) with a lower frequency of the TT genotype (5.3 vs. 10.8%); yet, both were statistically nonsignificant (P>0.05). Regarding the IL-4R Q551R A>G polymorphism, cases and controls showed nearly equal frequencies of all variants, that is, with no significant difference. Although the frequency of the IL-4 C and the IL-4R A alleles was higher among cases than among controls (78.9 vs. 71.5% and 78.8 vs. 72.6%, respectively), this was also statistically nonsignificant (P>0.05). Comparing case subgroups in terms of their age of onset, sex, disease severity, consanguinity, and family history showed no statistically significant difference regarding the studied genetic variant. CONCLUSION IL-4 -590 and IL-4R Q551R gene polymorphisms are not associated with the susceptibility and the clinical pattern of AA in Saudi patients. We recommend further research studies involving the estimation of cytokines both in the serum and in the local skin lesions or in cultured skin cells to figure out whether Th1 or Th2 pathways play a specific role in the pathogenesis of AA.
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Lee HJ, Kim TH, Kang SW, Kim YH, Kim SK, Chung JH, Kim YG, Moon JY, Lee SH, Ihm CG, Lee TW, Jeong KH. Association Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-4 Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Acute Rejection and Graft Dysfunction After Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:813-9. [PMID: 27234743 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine genotypes have previously been studied in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation; certain polymorphisms have been implicated in the development of acute rejection (AR) and graft dysfunction (GD). Allograft outcomes determined, in part, by alloimmune responses is mainly mediated by T-cell responses, activated and driven by cytokines. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is one such cytokine, which exerts its biological effects through binding to the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) complex on target cells. In the present study, we investigated whether polymorphisms of the IL-4 and/or IL-4R gene were associated with susceptibility to acute AR and GD after kidney transplantation. METHODS We analyzed 2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of IL-4 (rs2243250 and rs2070874) and 3 SNPs of IL-4R (rs1801275, rs2107356, and rs1805010) in 344 kidney transplant recipients. These patients included 62 of whom had developed AR and 215 of whom had GD in 1 year after kidney transplantation. RESULTS The AR group included 62 patients (45 men and 17 women). There was a statistically significant difference in the male-to-female ratio and the use of tacrolimus in the AR group. The GD group included 215 patients. Patients who developed GD were more likely to be older and have an underlying cause of end-stage renal disease that was unknown compared with patients who did not have GD, the cause of which was typically known. Among the SNPs examined, 1 of the SNPs in the IL-4R gene (ie, rs1801275) showed a statistical association with AR (co-dominant model, P = .061; dominant model, P = .019; and log-addictive model, P = .029). In addition, 1 of the IL-4R SNPs (ie, rs2107356) was statistically associated with GD (dominant model, P = .034). No significant difference in the IL-4 genotype was observed between the AR/GD and non-AR/non-GD subjects. CONCLUSIONS One IL-4R gene polymorphism (rs1801275) was associated with AR. In addition, a separate IL-4R SNP (rs2107356) was statistically associated with GD after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Seoul Red Cross Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Kang
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Chung
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y G Kim
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Moon
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C G Ihm
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T W Lee
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Jeong
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Polymorphisms in Host Immunity-Modulating Genes and Risk of Invasive Aspergillosis: Results from the AspBIOmics Consortium. Infect Immun 2015; 84:643-57. [PMID: 26667837 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01359-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that immune-modulating single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influence the risk of developing cancer-related infections. Here, we evaluated whether 36 SNPs within 14 immune-related genes are associated with the risk of invasive aspergillosis (IA) and whether genotyping of these variants might improve disease risk prediction. We conducted a case-control association study of 781 immunocompromised patients, 149 of whom were diagnosed with IA. Association analysis showed that the IL4Rrs2107356 and IL8rs2227307 SNPs (using dbSNP numbering) were associated with an increased risk of IA (IL4Rrs2107356 odds ratio [OR], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 3.09; IL8rs2227307 OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.81), whereas the IL12Brs3212227 and IFNγrs2069705 variants were significantly associated with a decreased risk of developing the infection (IL12Brs3212227 OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.96; IFNγrs2069705 OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.97). An allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT)-stratified analysis revealed that the effect observed for the IL4Rrs2107356 and IFNγrs2069705 SNPs was stronger in allo-HSCT (IL4Rrs2107356 OR, 5.63; 95% CI, 1.20 to 3.09; IFNγrs2069705 OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.59) than in non-HSCT patients, suggesting that the presence of these SNPs renders patients more vulnerable to infection, especially under severe and prolonged immunosuppressive conditions. Importantly, in vitro studies revealed that carriers of the IFNγrs2069705C allele showed a significantly increased macrophage-mediated neutralization of fungal conidia (P = 0.0003) and, under stimulation conditions, produced higher levels of gamma interferon (IFNγ) mRNA (P = 0.049) and IFNγ and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokines (P value for 96 h of treatment with lipopolysaccharide [PLPS-96 h], 0.057; P value for 96 h of treatment with phytohemagglutinin [PPHA-96 h], 0.036; PLPS+PHA-96 h = 0.030; PPHA-72 h = 0.045; PLPS+PHA-72 h = 0.018; PLPS-96 h = 0.058; PLPS+PHA-96 h = 0.0058). Finally, we also observed that the addition of SNPs significantly associated with IA to a model including clinical variables led to a substantial improvement in the discriminatory ability to predict disease (area under the concentration-time curve [AUC] of 0.659 versus AUC of 0.564; P-2 log likehood ratio test = 5.2 · 10(-4) and P50.000 permutation test = 9.34 · 10(-5)). These findings suggest that the IFNγrs2069705 SNP influences the risk of IA and that predictive models built with IFNγ, IL8, IL12p70, and VEGFA variants can used to predict disease risk and to implement risk-adapted prophylaxis or diagnostic strategies.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The hygiene hypothesis stipulates that microbial exposure during early life induces immunologic tolerance via immune stimulation, and hence reduces the risk of allergy development. Several common lifestyle factors and household practices, such as dishwashing methods, may increase microbial exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate if such lifestyle factors are associated with allergy prevalence. METHODS Questionnaire-based study of 1029 children aged 7 to 8 years from Kiruna, in the north of Sweden, and Mölndal, in the Gothenburg area on the southwest coast of Sweden. Questions on asthma, eczema, and rhinoconjunctivitis were taken from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. RESULTS Hand dishwashing was associated with a reduced risk of allergic disease development (multivariate analysis, odds ratio 0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.37-0.85). The risk was further reduced in a dose-response pattern if the children were also served fermented food and if the family bought food directly from farms. CONCLUSIONS In families who use hand dishwashing, allergic diseases in children are less common than in children from families who use machine dishwashing. We speculate that a less-efficient dishwashing method may induce tolerance via increased microbial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Hesselmar
- Paediatric Allergology, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Västra Götaland Healthcare Department, Follow-up and Analysis Unit, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Paediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | | | - Göran Wennergren
- Paediatric Allergology, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Paediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
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Engel-Yeger B, Almog M, Kessel A. The sensory profile of children with asthma. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103:e490-4. [PMID: 25039931 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Sensory hypersensitivity is one expression of sensory processing disorders (SPD) and results from the inability to regulate an appropriate response to a sensory input in an adaptive manner. We explored the sensory processing profile of children with asthma, based on reports from parents. METHODS We studied 86 children between the ages of four and 11 years: 37 diagnosed with asthma and 49 healthy controls. The parents of all participants filled out the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) that measures the child's behavioural reactions to sensory stimuli in daily environments. RESULTS Sensory processing disorders were more prevalent among children with asthma (F7,71 = 4.16, p = 0.001; ή(2) = 0.29) than among healthy controls and were mainly reflected by hypersensitivity. While about 90% of the healthy children were reported to actively seek sensory stimuli, only 53% of the asthmatic children showed this trend. In the study group, 25.7% of the children's scores reflected abnormal sensory performance, compared with 0% of the controls (χ(2) =21.93; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Children with asthma may suffer from SPD. Our finding supports previous reports that suggest that the central nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic conditions. The sensory profile of children with asthma should be evaluated and treated as required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batya Engel-Yeger
- Occupational Therapy Department; Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences; University of Haifa; Haifa Israel
| | - Meital Almog
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Bnai Zion Medical Center; Haifa Israel
| | - Aharon Kessel
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Bnai Zion Medical Center; Haifa Israel
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Anderson WH, Koshy BT, Huang L, Mosteller M, Stinnett SW, Condreay LD, Ortega H. Genetic analysis of asthma exacerbations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 110:416-422.e2. [PMID: 23706709 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying genetic markers of susceptibility to exacerbations may improve patient management, decrease morbidity, and lead to drug development. OBJECTIVES To assess whether genetic markers associated with severe asthma exacerbations in previous reports are associated with less severe events that do not require intensive care and intubation and to identify additional markers in candidate genes and throughout the genome. METHODS A total of 199 patients and 502 controls (individuals without an exacerbation) were identified from 4 clinical trials. We genotyped 51 markers from 17 genes previously reported to be associated with exacerbations; a whole genome scan was used to identify additional markers. Admixture analysis was conducted to characterize the presence of ancestral groups. The genetic marker effects were assessed by logistic regression for each study followed by a meta-analysis. RESULTS Several coding variants in the IL4R gene had a genetic effect across 3 studies, including rs1805011 in IL4R (P < .0006). In addition, 3 markers in the IFNB1 gene showed evidence of association (P < .002) but only in the study with African Americans. Because these markers did not meet the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted significance level of P = .0002, we were unable to confirm previously published results for less severe events. The whole genome scan identified genes related to mast cell mediator release. The admixture analysis suggests that ancestry was best characterized by the presence of 3 ancestral groups. CONCLUSION We were unable to confirm previously reported associations of genetic markers with asthma exacerbations. Although, in general, the patients studied had less severe asthma than patients in earlier reports, these results suggest involvement of similar pathways. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: NTC00452699, NCT00452348, NTC00102765, NCT00843193.
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Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Arakawa M. Case-control study of eczema in relation to IL4Rα genetic polymorphisms in Japanese women: The Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study. Scand J Immunol 2013; 77:413-8. [PMID: 23480403 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological research on the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL4Rα gene and eczema is sparse. We investigated the associations between IL4Rα SNPs rs1805011, rs1805015 and rs1801275 and risk of eczema in young adult Japanese women. Included were 188 women who met the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) for eczema. Controls were 635 women without eczema according to the ISAAC criteria who also had not been diagnosed with asthma, atopic eczema and/or allergic rhinitis by a doctor. Adjustment was made for age, region of residence, number of children, smoking and education. Under the additive model, SNP rs1805011 was significantly related to eczema: the adjusted OR was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.31-0.99). SNP rs1805015 was significantly associated with eczema in the additive and dominant models: the adjusted ORs were 0.55 (95% CI: 0.30-0.98) and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.30-0.997), respectively. There was no significant association between SNP rs1801275 and eczema. None of the haplotypes were significantly related to eczema. Significant associations between SNPs rs1805011 and rs1805015 and eczema were reported in women who had never smoked, but not in those who had ever smoked; the multiplicative interactions, however, were not significant. This is the first study to demonstrate significant associations between IL4Rα SNPs rs1805011 and rs1805015 and eczema. We do not find evidence for interactions affecting eczema between IL4Rα SNPs and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Miyake
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 814-0180 Fukuoka, Japan.
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Tapia LI, Ampuero S, Palomino MA, Luchsinger V, Aguilar N, Ayarza E, Mamani R, Larrañaga C. Respiratory syncytial virus infection and recurrent wheezing in Chilean infants: a genetic background? INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 16:54-61. [PMID: 23333336 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has been associated to recurrent wheezing, but pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. Interleukin-4/Interleukin-13 (IL-4/IL-13) pathway is involved in both conditions. A common host genetic susceptibility may exist in patients whom RSV will trigger severe illness and those who develop recurrent wheezing. OBJECTIVE To assess, by a candidate-gene approach, whether genetic polymorphisms in IL-4/IL-13 pathway are associated with RSV infection severity and its outcome in Chilean children. A cohort of 118 RSV-infected infants was analyzed and followed for one year. Severity of acute infection and later recurrent wheezing were characterized. Alleles and genotypes frequencies were determined for two SNP in each of the genes IL-4, IL-13 and IL-4Rα. Association tests and interaction analyses were performed. Enrollment included 60 moderate and 58 severe cases. Two SNP were found associated to severity during acute infection in IL-4Rα gene (Gln551Arg, Ile50Val). The follow up was completed in 71% of patients (84/118). Later recurrent wheezing was 54% in severe group, versus 31% in moderate cases (p=0.035). In relation to outcome, allele Ile50 in IL-4Rα was more frequent in patients with moderate disease and no wheezing outcome. A common protector genotype is proposed for Chilean children: IL-4Rα Ile/Ile. CONCLUSION Genetic variations in the host are associated to infection severity and outcome. A common genetic background might be influencing both pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena I Tapia
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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Asthma in children and adolescents: a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2013; 43:98-137. [PMID: 22187333 PMCID: PMC7091307 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-011-8261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease that has a significant impact on quality of life and is particularly important in children and adolescents, in part due to the higher incidence of allergies in children. The incidence of asthma has increased dramatically during this time period, with the highest increases in the urban areas of developed countries. It seems that the incidence in developing countries may follow this trend as well. While our knowledge of the pathophysiology of asthma and the available of newer, safer medication have both improved, the mortality of the disease has undergone an overall increase in the past 30 years. Asthma treatment goals in children include decreasing mortality and improving quality of life. Specific treatment goals include but are not limited to decreasing inflammation, improving lung function, decreasing clinical symptoms, reducing hospital stays and emergency department visits, reducing work or school absences, and reducing the need for rescue medications. Non-pharmacological management strategies include allergen avoidance, environmental evaluation for allergens and irritants, patient education, allergy testing, regular monitoring of lung function, and the use of asthma management plans, asthma control tests, peak flow meters, and asthma diaries. Achieving asthma treatment goals reduces direct and indirect costs of asthma and is economically cost-effective. Treatment in children presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management. Challenges in diagnosis include consideration of other diseases such as viral respiratory illnesses or vocal cord dysfunction. Challenges in management include evaluation of the child’s ability to use inhalers and peak flow meters and the management of exercise-induced asthma.
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The heterogeneity of asthma phenotypes in children and young adults. J Allergy (Cairo) 2012; 2012:163089. [PMID: 22577403 PMCID: PMC3332210 DOI: 10.1155/2012/163089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Genetic heterogeneity and risk factor distribution was analyzed in two previously proposed asthma phenotypes. Method. A sample of 412 subjects was investigated at 7-8, 12-13, and 21-22 years of age with questionnaires, skin prick tests, and genetic analysis of IL-4 receptor (IL4R) single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The sample was subdivided in one group with no asthma, and two groups with asthma separated by age of onset of symptoms, namely, early onset asthma (EOA) and late onset asthma (LOA). Risk factors and IL4R markers were analyzed in respect to asthma phenotypes. Results. EOA and LOA groups were both associated with atopy and a maternal history of asthma. Female gender was more common in LOA, whereas childhood eczema, frequent colds in infancy, and a paternal history of asthma were more common in EOA. The AA genotype of rs2057768 and the GG genotype of rs1805010 were more common in LOA, whereas the GG genotype of rs2107356 was less common in EOA. Conclusion. Our data suggest that early and late onset asthma may be of different endotypes and genotypes.
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Tanaka T, Hitomi Y, Kambayashi Y, Hibino Y, Fukutomi Y, Shibata A, Sugimoto N, Hatta K, Eboshida A, Konoshita T, Nakamura H. The differences in the involvements of loci of promoter region and Ile50Val in interleukin-4 receptor α chain gene between atopic dermatitis and Japanese cedar pollinosis. Allergol Int 2012; 61:57-63. [PMID: 21918367 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.10-oa-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) and Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP) are common chronically allergic diseases associated with the activation of T-helper 2 cells. Recent studies have shown that polymorphisms in the genes for IL-4 receptor α chain (IL4RA) may contribute to susceptibility of AD and JCP, although the differences in the involvements of loci of IL4RA gene between AD and JCP are unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of polymorphisms in IL-4RA gene in conferring susceptibility to the development of AD and/or JCP using a family analysis and an association analysis in a Japanese population. METHODS Five polymorphisms in the IL-4RA gene, C-3223T, T-1914C, T-890C, Ile50Val and Glu375Ala, have been genotyped using PCR-based methods in 75 trios families, including 15 AD families, 30 JCP families, and 30 families with combination of AD and JCP in the family analysis. Forty-five AD, 60 JCP and 125 control children constituted the association study. RESULTS The transmission disequilibrium test showed that the allele of Ile50 was significantly transmitted to children with JCP alone (p < 0.05). Haplotype analysis showed that the -3223T/Ile50 haplotype was preferentially transmitted to both AD (p < 0.01) and JCP children (p < 0.01), while that the C-3223/Ile50 haplotype was preferentially transmitted to only JCP children (p < 0.01). The association study showed that -3223T and haplotype of -3223T/Ile50 were associated with AD children, but not with JCP. Ile50 was associated with both AD and JCP. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that -3223T and the -3223T/Ile50 haplotype were risk factors for AD. Ile50 allele seems to be involved in both JCP and AD. Interactions of the IL-4RA loci may play a role both conferring susceptibility and modulating severity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tanaka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Farooq MK, Prause JU, Heegaard S. Synthetic fiber from a teddy bear causing keratitis and conjunctival granuloma: case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2011; 11:17. [PMID: 21689446 PMCID: PMC3130717 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-11-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report a case of keratitis and a case of conjunctivitis caused by synthetic fibers from toy teddy bears. CASE PRESENTATION Case stories with histopathological analysis. 1) A two-year-old girl developed a severe case of keratitis and corneal ulceration. The initial treatment with various antibiotics gave no improvement and eventually the patient developed spontaneous perforation of the cornea. The corneal swabs contained no bacteria or fungi. Corneal grafting was performed and the corneal button was sent for histopathological examination. 2) A five-year-old girl presented with ocular irritation in her left eye. Examination revealed a conjunctival granuloma in the inferior fornix. The lesion was excised and histopathologically examined. RESULTS Microscopy revealed synthetic fibers embedded in the cornea and in the conjunctival granuloma. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of marked birefringence of the synthetic fibers. Microscopical examination of synthetic fibers from two different types of fur (whiskers and face hairs) from the two-year-old girl's teddy bear was performed. Hairs from the face of the teddy bear were morphologically and microscopically identical with the fibers causing the severe corneal ulceration in the two-year-old girl. CONCLUSIONS Doctors should especially in small children be aware of the risk of ocular consequences of close exposure of synthetic fibers from stuffed toy animals. Corneal ulceration, clinically presenting as corneal infection with negative culturing and staining, should lead to a different clinical strategy and treatment. The treatment of conjunctival synthetic fiber granuloma is excision and antibiotic eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Farooq
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan U Prause
- Eye Pathology Section, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Eye Pathology Section, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2011; 17:50-3. [PMID: 21116136 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e3283418f95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bibliography. Genetics. Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2010; 22:833-5. [PMID: 21610333 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e32834179f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Muñoz-López F. Prognostic bases of asthma. Natural history? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2010; 38:333-6. [PMID: 20864244 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Different causes of asthma have been established. The most common cause is conditioned to a genetic predisposition towards atopy (atopic asthma), although other factors can also give rise to bronchial inflammation, such as over-exposure to environmental irritants (occupational asthma), altered arachidonic acid metabolism (aspirin-induced asthma) and also exercise - in which different thermal and osmotic mechanisms are known to intervene. The prognosis of these different variants of asthma depends on the severity of the condition; patient age at onset of the disease; patient age at the time of diagnosis; the treatment provided; and adherence to therapy. The concept of "natural history" refers to the spontaneous evolution or course of the disease process in the absence of pathogenic or etiological treatment, with the provision of only symptomatic treatment. In order to gain increased certainty regarding the course of these patients, the study groups must present similar baseline characteristics in terms of the start and severity of the condition; the start of treatment; compliance; and the clinical and functional control findings.
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