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Abdel-Monaem G, Farid A, Rabia I, El-Amir A. Evaluation of Echinostoma liei worm, metacercaria and redia antigens for schistosomiasis control. Exp Parasitol 2015; 157:23-9. [PMID: 26115938 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While chemotherepeutic drugs, such as praziquantel, oxamniquine and metrifonate, are currently considered safe and effective drugs for schistosomiasis treatment, reinfection occurs frequently after drug treatment. Thus, a vaccine is sought to provide long-term treatment. Antigens from worm, metacercaria and redia of Echinostoma liei (E. liei) were purified using CNBr-activated Sepharose column, then used for immunization of mice prior to infection with Schistosomiasis mansoni. Worm burden, hepatic and intestinal eggs and oogram count was significantly reduced and that was reflected in normalization of liver architecture. This referred to a significant increase in the tested immunoglobulin level (IgM, IgG1 and IgG2).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abdel-Monaem
- Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A Farid
- Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - I Rabia
- Parasitology Dept., Theodore Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - A El-Amir
- Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Guimarães MA, de Oliveira RN, Véras LMC, Lima DF, Campelo YDM, Campos SA, Kuckelhaus SAS, Pinto PLS, Eaton P, Mafud AC, Mascarenhas YP, Allegretti SM, de Moraes J, Lolić A, Verbić T, Leite JRSA. Anthelmintic activity in vivo of epiisopiloturine against juvenile and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003656. [PMID: 25816129 PMCID: PMC4376696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a serious disease currently estimated to affect more that 207 million people worldwide. Due to the intensive use of praziquantel, there is increasing concern about the development of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, it is necessary to search for and investigate new potential schistosomicidal compounds. This work reports the in vivo effect of the alkaloid epiisopiloturine (EPI) against adults and juvenile worms of Schistosoma mansoni. EPI was first purified its thermal behavior and theoretical solubility parameters charaterised. In the experiment, mice were treated with EPI over the 21 days post-infection with the doses of 40 and 200 mg/kg, and 45 days post-infection with single doses of 40, 100 and 300 mg/kg. The treatment with EPI at 40 mg/kg was more effective in adult worms when compared with doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg. The treatment with 40 mg/kg in adult worms reduced parasite burden significantly, lead to reduction in hepatosplenomegaly, reduced the egg burden in faeces, and decreased granuloma diameter. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological changes to the parasite tegument after treatment, including the loss of important features. Additionally, the in vivo treatment against juvenile with 40 mg/kg showed a reduction of the total worm burden of 50.2%. Histopathological studies were performed on liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain and EPI was shown to have a DL50 of 8000 mg/kg. Therefore EPI shows potential to be used in schistosomiasis treatment. This is the first time that schistosomicidal in vivo activity of EPI has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Guimarães
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Rosimeire N. de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leiz M. C. Véras
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, RENORBIO, Focal Point Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - David F. Lima
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, RENORBIO, Focal Point Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
- Collegiate Academic Medicine, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Campus Paulo Afonso, Paulo Afonso, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Yuri D. M. Campelo
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, RENORBIO, Focal Point Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Stefano Augusto Campos
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Selma A. S. Kuckelhaus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, UNB Campus Dacy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Eaton
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Mafud
- Group of Crystallography, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yvonne P. Mascarenhas
- Group of Crystallography, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silmara M. Allegretti
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases (NPDN/FACIG), Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tatjana Verbić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - José Roberto S. A. Leite
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
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El-Ahwany E, Bauiomy IR, Nagy F, Zalat R, Mahmoud O, Zada S. T regulatory cell responses to immunization with a soluble egg antigen in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2012; 50:29-35. [PMID: 22451731 PMCID: PMC3309048 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to characterize the phenotypes of CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells within the liver granulomas and association with both Foxp-3 gene expression and splenic cytokines. Naïve C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected with multiple doses of the soluble egg antigen (SEA) 7 days before cercarial infection. The immunized and infected control groups were sacrificed 8 and 16 weeks post-infection (PI). Histopathology, parasitological parameters, splenic phenotypes for T regulatory cells, the FOXP-3 expression in hepatic granuloma using real-time PCR, and the associated splenic cytokines were studied. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed remarkable increase in degenerated ova within hepatic granuloma which decreased in diameter at weeks 8 and 16 PI (P<0.01). The percentage of T regulatory cells (CD4+ CD25+) increased significantly (P<0.01) in the immunized group compared to the infected control at weeks 8 and 16 PI. The FOXP-3 expression in hepatic granulomas increased from 10 at week 8 to 30 fold at week 16 PI in the infected control group. However, its expression in the immunized group showed an increase from 30 at week 8 to 70 fold at week 16 PI. The splenic cytokine levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, IL-4, and TNF-α, showed significant decreases (P<0.05) compared to the infected control group. In conclusion, the magnitude and phenotype of the egg-induced effects on T helper responses were found to be controlled by a parallel response within the T regulatory population which provides protection in worm parasite-induced immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman El-Ahwany
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
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Bashtar A, Ahmed S, Soliman A, Hamed M. Biochemical Studies on Hepatocytes after Immunization of Mice with Schistosomal Worm and Egg Antigens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2006.224.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Botros S, William S, Hammam O, Zídek Z, Holý A. Activity of 9-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine against Schistosomiasis mansoni in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 47:3853-8. [PMID: 14638494 PMCID: PMC296212 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.12.3853-3858.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the acyclic nucleotide analogue 9-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine [(S)-HPMPA] against Schistosoma mansoni was investigated in mice. The compound was injected intraperitoneally, usually on two or five consecutive days, at 10 to 20 mg/kg of body weight/day. The treatment started before, at the time of, and after the onset of egg laying (oviposition) by S. mansoni. The animals were killed from 7 to 40 days after the cessation of treatment. Significant reductions in the total numbers of female and coupled worms were found. Female fecundity and both hepatic and intestinal egg loads were suppressed. These effects were more pronounced with dosing regimens launched before the time of oviposition. The complete disappearance of immature eggs and a significant reduction to the complete absence of mature eggs, with 99 to 100% of the eggs being dead, were produced. No hepatic egg-induced granulomas were present in mice treated at the time of oviposition, and the granulomas were smaller in mice treated before S. mansoni oviposition. These preliminary findings extend the knowledge of the antiparasitic properties of (S)-HPMPA.
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Sun JB, Stadecker MJ, Mielcarek N, Lakew M, Li BL, Hernandez HJ, Czerkinsky C, Holmgren J. Nasal administration of Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen-cholera B subunit conjugate suppresses hepatic granuloma formation and reduces mortality in S. mansoni-infected mice. Scand J Immunol 2001; 54:440-7. [PMID: 11696194 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Granulomatous inflammation in schistosomiasis is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction mediated by CD4+ T cells specific for parasite egg antigens (Ags). In an attempt to control T-cell responses leading to excessive harmful inflammation and granuloma formation, especially in the liver, BALB/c mice were intranasally (i.n.) treated with soluble Schistosoma mansoni egg Ags (SEA) conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), a mucosa-binding protein with demonstrated capacity to suppress inflammatory T-cell functions after mucosal administration. Treatment with CTB-SEA significantly conjugate a reduced liver granuloma formation in infected mice associated with decreased SEA specific Th1- and Th2-type immune responses by liver leukocytes. Importantly, treatment with CTB-SEA conjugate also significantly reduced the mortality in chronically infected mice. In S. mansoni-infected large-granuloma forming CBA mice, i.n. treatment with purified Sm-p40, the major egg antigen, conjugated to CTB likewise significantly inhibited hepatic egg granuloma formation. A reduction of SEA-driven lymphoproliferation and of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 production, together with an increase in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 production, were observed in splenic cells from CTB-Sm-p40-treated SEA-sensitized mice, as well as in liver leukocytes from CTB-Sm-p40-treated schistosome-infected mice. These results indicate that mucosal administration of SEA or purified Sm-p40 antigen in conjunction with CTB is highly effective in curtailing immunopathologic manifestations of schistosomiasis in vivo in infected hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Sun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Göteborg, Guldhedsgatan 10 A, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Botros SS, Makary EA, Ahmed KM, Ibrahim AM, Nashed NN, El-Nahal HM, Doughty BL, Hassanein HI. Effect of combined praziquantel and recombinant glutathione S-transferase on resistance to reinfection in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 22:979-88. [PMID: 11090706 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(00)00062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of recombinant Schistosoma mansoni-26 Glutathione S-transferase (rSm 26 GST) or soluble egg antigen (SEA) alone and in addition to praziquantel (PZQ) on the state of resistance to S. mansoni reinfection. The associated changes in the immune responses were evaluated. The experimental group of mice were injected intravenously before S. mansoni infection (80 cercariae/mouse) either with rSm26 GST (1 microgx4) or SEA (10 microgx4) in addition to PZQ (2x500 mg/kg) administered 6 weeks post-infection. Seven control groups were used, three of them were the infected (80 cercariae/mouse), the challenged (240 cercariae/mouse) and the infected challenged controls (80+240 cercariae/mouse). The rest of the four groups were the treated controls receiving: the GST-Lyzate, rSmGST, SEA and PZQ in the same doses and at the same timings. Challenge infection was conducted for all the groups 8 weeks post-infection. Animals were sacrificed 3 weeks post-challenge. After sacrifice animals were perfused and percentage resistance to reinfection was calculated. Immune responses were assessed by the measurement of hepatic granuloma diameter, intralesional T-cell phenotypes and serum immunoglobulin isotypes. The highest percentage of resistance to reinfection was observed in rGST-treated group while the lowest percentage of resistance was detected in PZQ-treated group. Whereas in mice receiving combined rGST or SEA and PZQ, percentage resistance to reinfection was significantly higher than that in PZQ treated mice. The remarkable reduction in granuloma diameter in rGST-treated group with or without PZQ was associated with decrease in the intralesional L(3)T(4)(+) and increase in Lyt(2)(+) T-cell phenotypes. However, no special relationship was observed between the percentage of resistance and the changes in granuloma diameter or intralesional T-cell phenotypes. The increase in percentage resistance to reinfection was found accompanied by increased anti SWAP IgE. Combined rGST and PZQ provided the complementary goals of improved state of resistance to reinfection 'which was compromized after cure with PZQ' and the maximal reduction in granuloma diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Botros
- Pharmacology, Parasitology and Immunology Departments, Theodor Bilharz Institute, P.O. Box 30, Imbaba, 12411, Guiza, Egypt
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El-Ahwany EG, Hanallah SB, Zada S, El Ghorab NM, Badir B, Badawy A, Sharmy R, Hassanein HI. Immunolocalization of macrophage adhesion molecule-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 in schistosomal soluble egg antigen-induced granulomatous hyporesponsiveness. Int J Parasitol 2000; 30:837-42. [PMID: 10899528 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This work studied the histopathological changes and the changes in the expression of macrophage adhesion molecule-1 (Mac-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) in a murine model of soluble egg antigen (SEA) - induced granulomatous hyporesponsiveness. Histopathological results of hepatic sections in an SEA group showed early acceleration of ova destruction and markedly diminished granuloma cellularity with eosinophils and macrophages still being the predominant cells. Later, giant cells and pigmented macrophages that were scattered among granuloma cells and in intimate contact with the deposited eggs were more predominant in the SEA group than in the infected control group. Concurrently, the counts of Mac-1 positive cells were significantly increased in liver sections of the SEA group than the infected control group during the course of infection. MIP-1alpha showed early higher counts followed by lower counts in the later stages of infection on granuloma cells in the SEA group than the infected control group. During the course of infection, similar distribution of Mac-1 and MIP-1alpha was present in both groups. This study suggests that sensitization with SEA probably leads to enhancement of phagocytic activity of macrophages via increasing expression of Mac-1 and hence engulfment of ic3b coated schistosomal products such as ova. It leads to rapid destruction of ova and hence decreases the host inflammatory response to infection and amelioration of hepatic pathology which would be a promising approach in reduction of host morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G El-Ahwany
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, P.O. Box 30 Imbaba, 12411, Guiza, Egypt
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Pancré V, Delacre M, Herno J, Auriault C. Schistosomal egg antigen-responsive CD8 T-cell population in Schistosoma mansoni-infected BALB/c mice. Immunology 1999; 98:525-34. [PMID: 10594684 PMCID: PMC2326969 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated here that schistosomal egg antigen (SEA) is able to stimulate an antigen-specific, cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell response in mice. Indeed, a single i.p. immunization with SEA resulted in the in vivo induction of significant cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in the spleen within 20 days. Effector cells were classic class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted CD8+ lymphocytes producing interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), suggesting a type 1 response to SEA. We therefore investigated the relevance of these observations in the context of the Schistosoma mansoni parasite infection. CTL activity against SEA-pulsed target cells was evidenced throughout the infection after in vitro stimulation of recovered splenic cells with SEA demonstrating that SEA-specific CD8+ T cells with cytotoxic potentialities are present during infection. This activity was strongly increased after immunization of mice with SEA like the production of IFN-gamma in the sera. A marked reduction in the number of granulomas and of fibrosis with the presence of cells producing IFN-gamma in the liver was also observed leading to the survival of SEA-immunized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pancré
- Laboratoire dImmunopathologie cellulaire des maladies infectieuses, Lille, France
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Hassanein H, Kamel M, Badawy A, El-Ghorab N, Abdeen H, Zada S, El-Ahwany E, Doughty B. Anti-miracidial effect of recombinant glutathione S-transferase 26 and soluble egg antigen on immune responses in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. APMIS 1999; 107:723-36. [PMID: 10515123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1999.tb01467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The anti-miracidial potential of recombinant Schistosoma mansoni glutathione S-transferase 26 (rSmGST26) or native crude soluble egg antigens (SEA) was assessed. The associated dynamics of granuloma formation and immune responses were evaluated. Naive C57BL/6 mice were injected intravenously with multiple doses of either SEA (SEA-group) or rSmGST26 (GST-group) 7 days before cercarial infection. The immunized groups and the respective controls were sacrificed 6, 8 and 16 weeks postinfection (p.i.). Acceleration of ova destruction and reduction of granuloma diameter were greater in the GST-group than the SEA-group, mainly at 8 weeks p.i. However, the amelioration of hepatic pathology and function was more evident in the SEA-group. Concurrently, serum-specific IgG1 levels were elevated throughout the course of infection in the immunized groups compared to the infected controls. Initial rise of all splenic cytokines and serum anti-SEA IgE levels at 6 weeks p.i. was observed, followed by a dramatic drop in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-2, IFNgamma, IL-4 and TNF-alpha and IgE at 8 weeks of infection. IL-10 level was lower at 8 weeks p.i. than at 6 weeks, but was higher in immunized groups than in infected controls. Several responses may be implicated as an outcome of the present immunization protocol, such as increased levels of blocking antibody (IgG1) and IL-10 with decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hassanein
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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