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Wang F, Yin Y, Wang Q, Xie J, Fu C, Guo H, Chen J, Yin Y. Effects of dietary β-alanine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, carnosine content, amino acid composition and muscular antioxidant capacity in Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pig. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 107:878-886. [PMID: 36575591 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
β-alanine has been demonstrated to improve carcass traits and meat quality of animals. However, no research has been found on the effects of dietary β-alanine in the meat quality control of finishing pigs, which are among the research focus. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary β-alanine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, carnosine content, amino acid composition and muscular antioxidant capacity of Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pigs. The treatments contained a basal diet (control, CON) and a basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg β-alanine. Each treatment group consisted of five pens, with five pigs per pen. Results showed that compared with CON, supplemental β-alanine did not affect the final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and the feed-to-gain ratio of pigs. Dietary β-alanine supplementation tended to increase the pH45 min (p = 0.071) while decreasing the shear force (p = 0.085) and the drip loss (p = 0.091). Moreover, it improved (p < 0.05) the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase and lessened (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde concentration. Added β-alanine in diets of finishing pigs could enhance the concentrations of arginine, alanine, and glutamate (p < 0.05) in the longissimus dorsi muscle and tended to raise the levels of cysteine, glycine and anserine (p = 0.060, p = 0.098 and p = 0.091 respectively). Taken together, our results showed that dietary β-alanine supplementation contributed to the improvement of the carcass traits, meat quality and anserine content, the amelioration of muscle antioxidant capacity and the regulation of amino acid composition in Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yexin Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junyan Xie
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Henghua Guo
- Anhui Huaheng Biotechnology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chen L, Zhong Y, Ouyang X, Wang C, Yin L, Huang J, Li Y, Wang Q, Xie J, Huang P, Yang H, Yin Y. Effects of β-alanine on intestinal development and immune performance of weaned piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:398-408. [PMID: 36788928 PMCID: PMC9918425 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beta-alanine is an important amino acid involved in several metabolic reactions in the body. The study aimed to investigate the effect of β-alanine supplementation on intestinal development and the immune performance of weaned piglets. Thirty-two 21-day-old healthy weaned piglets (half female and half male; Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial body weight of 8.11 ± 0.21 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates of 1 pig each. The control group was fed a basal diet and the three experimental treatment groups were fed diets supplemented with 300, 600 and 1,200 mg/kg β-alanine, respectively. The trial lasted 28 days and the diets fed were divided into 2 phases: the late lactation period (day 1 to 14) and the nursery period (day 15 to 28), during which the weaned piglets had free access to food and water. The regulatory effects of β-alanine were further investigated in vitro using organoids obtained from the jejunum of piglets. In vivo, the addition of β-alanine to the diet had no significant effect on the growth performance of weaned piglets (P > 0.05), but significantly reduced serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P < 0.01), immunoglobulin M (IgM) (P = 0.005), and complement 3 (C3) (P = 0.017). The serum interleukin- 6 (IL-6) levels (P < 0.01) were significantly reduced in the 1,200 mg/kg treatment group. The addition of β-alanine increased ileal villus height, with the most significant effect at a concentration of 300 mg/kg (P = 0.041). The addition of 600 mg/kg β-alanine significantly up-regulated the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P = 0.020) and the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) gene (P = 0.049) in the jejunum. Diets supplemented with 300 mg/kg β-alanine significantly increased the number of Ki67 positive cells in the jejunal crypts (P < 0.01). In vitro, β-alanine increased the organoid budding rates (P = 0.001) and the budding height of the crypt significantly (P = 0.004). In conclusion, β-alanine can improve intestinal morphology and barrier function, reduce inflammatory responses and alleviate the adverse effects of weaning stress on piglet intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Chen
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Xiangqin Ouyang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Lanmei Yin
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Junyan Xie
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China,Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China,Corresponding authors.
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Kadim IT, Al-Amri IS, Alkindi AY, Haq QMI. Nutritional values and health benefits of dromedary camel meat. Anim Front 2022; 12:61-70. [PMID: 35974788 PMCID: PMC9374515 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isam T Kadim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Issa S Al-Amri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdulaziz Y Alkindi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Quazi M I Haq
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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Suwanvichanee C, Sinpru P, Promkhun K, Kubota S, Riou C, Molee W, Yongsawatdigul J, Thumanu K, Molee A. Effects of β-alanine and L-histidine supplementation on carnosine contents in and quality and secondary structure of proteins in slow-growing Korat chicken meat. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101776. [PMID: 35303689 PMCID: PMC8927833 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine enrichment of slow-growing Korat chicken (KRC) meat helps differentiate KRC from mainstream chicken. We aimed to investigate the effects of β-alanine and L-histidine supplementation on the carnosine synthesis in and quality and secondary structure of proteins in slow-growing KRC meat. Four hundred 21-day-old female KRC were used, and a completely randomized design was applied. The chickens were divided into 4 experimental groups: basal diet (A), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% β-alanine (B), 0.5% L-histidine (C), and 1.0% β-alanine combined with 0.5% L-histidine (D). Each group consisted of 5 replicates (20 chickens per replicate). On d 70, 2 chickens per replicate were slaughtered, and the levels of carnosine, anserine, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were analyzed. Biochemical changes were monitored using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy; 5 chickens per replicate were slaughtered, and the meat quality was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA). Group D chickens exhibited the highest carnosine meat content, followed by those in groups B and C. However, amino acid supplementation did not affect anserine content and growth performance. Higher carnosine levels correlated with increasing pH45 min and decreasing drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, and lipid oxidation. PCA revealed that supplementation with only β-alanine or L-histidine was related to increased content of β-sheets, β-turns, and aliphatic bending groups and decreased content of α-helix groups. This study is the first to report such findings in slow-growing chicken. Our findings suggest that KRC can synthesize the highest carnosine levels after both β-alanine and L-histidine supplementation. Higher carnosine contents do not adversely affect meat quality, improve meat texture, and alter the secondary structures of proteins. The molecular mechanism underlying carnosine synthesis in chickens needs further study to better understand and reveal markers that facilitate the development of nutrient selection programs.
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Metabolism of Imidazole Dipeptides, Taurine, Branched-Chain Amino Acids, and Polyamines of the Breast Muscle Are Affected by Post-Hatch Development in Chickens. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010086. [PMID: 35050208 PMCID: PMC8778354 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore metabolic characteristics during the post-hatch developmental period, metabolomic analyses of breast muscle and plasma were performed in chickens. The most significant growth-related changes in metabolite levels were observed between seven and 28 days of age. Some of these metabolites are essential nutrients or reported as growth-promoting metabolites. In the muscle, two imidazole dipeptides—carnosine and its methylated metabolite, anserine—increased with the development. These dipeptide levels may be, in part, regulated transcriptionally because in the muscle mRNA levels of carnosine synthase and carnosine methylation enzyme increased. In contrast, taurine levels in the muscle decreased. This would be substrate availability-dependent because some upstream metabolites decreased in the muscle or plasma. In branched-chain amino acid metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine decreased in the muscle, while some of their downstream metabolites decreased in the plasma. The polyamines, putrescine and spermidine, decreased in the muscle. Furthermore, mRNA levels associated with insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling, which play important roles in muscle growth, increased in the muscle. These results indicate that some metabolic pathways would be important to clarify metabolic characteristics and/or growth of breast muscle during the post-hatch developmental period in chickens.
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Lackner J, Albrecht A, Mittler M, Marx A, Kreyenschmidt J, Hess V, Sauerwein H. Effect of feeding histidine and β-alanine on carnosine concentration, growth performance, and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101393. [PMID: 34530228 PMCID: PMC8445889 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The high growth rates of modern broiler breeds increased the risk for novel breast muscle myopathies as serious quality issue, relevant for the industry. In affected muscles, a depletion of the dipeptides carnosine and anserine was reported. Therefore, this study was performed to test whether a supplementation of the precursors histidine and β-alanine, alone or in combination can increase the dipeptide content in the breast muscle and improve meat quality. Ross 308 broiler chickens were supplemented with 3 different histidine:lysine ratios (0.44, 0.54, 0.64) of standardized ileal digestible amino acids (SID) combined with 0 or 0.5% β-alanine in total. The birds’ performance was recorded at different ages: birds were slaughtered in 2 batches after 33 and 53 d of life. Meat quality was tested at different time points after slaughter on breast fillets stored aerobically. The concentration of the dipeptides and amino acids in blood plasma and muscle tissue was tested postmortem at 35 and 54 d. All performance and meat quality data, as well as peptide and amino acid concentrations, of the 2 × 2 × 3 randomized block design were analyzed separately for the influence of both supplements and for slaughter age. Moreover, the influence of storage time was analyzed separately for meat quality parameters. At both slaughter ages, lesser feed intake (P ≤ 0.005) and breast yield (P ≤ 0.05) were observed in the birds receiving β-alanine. A greater SID histidine:lysine ratio increased the carnosine concentrations in blood plasma (P < 0.001) and in skeletal muscle (P < 0.001), whereas β-alanine increased carnosine in plasma at 35 d only (P = 0.004). Anserine was increased in plasma and muscle of older birds (P = 0.003), whereas carnosine was reduced in muscle tissue (P < 0.001). The main impact on meat quality parameters was seen for the age of the birds and storage time of the fillets. In conclusion, the supplementation of histidine increased carnosine in breast muscle but both supplements showed only minor effects on meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lackner
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany; Institute of Animal Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - A Albrecht
- Institute of Animal Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Mittler
- Institute of Animal Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - A Marx
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - J Kreyenschmidt
- Institute of Animal Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9 53115 Bonn, Germany; Department of Fresh Produce Logistics, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Straße 1 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - V Hess
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Qi B, Wang J, Hu M, Ma Y, Wu S, Qi G, Qiu K, Zhang H. Influences of Beta-Alanine and l-Histidine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Carnosine Content, and mRNA Expression of Carnosine-Related Enzymes in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082265. [PMID: 34438723 PMCID: PMC8388462 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, much attention has been paid to developing functional meat, which contains more functional peptides to impart health benefits. Poultry meat is a good source of imidazole dipeptides (carnosine and its derivative anserine), which are active endogenous constituents and may convey versatile physiological functions to promote health conditions. Carnosine is synthesized from l-histidine and beta-alanine. Dietary addition of histidine and/or beta-alanine may elevate the carnosine content in broiler meat. The current study further investigated the interaction of l-histidine and beta-alanine supplementation on carnosine content, meat quality, and gene expression of carnosine-related enzymes in broilers, which can facilitate a better understanding of the relationship between l-histidine and beta-alanine in carnosine synthesis. Abstract The current study investigated the effect of dietary l-histidine and beta-alanine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, carnosine content, and gene expression of carnosine-related enzymes in broilers. A two-factor design was adopted in this study. A total of 640 1-day-old male broilers were assigned to eight treatments with factorial arrangement containing four levels of l-histidine (0, 650, 1300, or 1950 mg/kg) and two levels of beta-alanine (0 or 1200 mg/kg) supplementation; 0 mg/kg histidine and/or 0 mg/kg were treated as control groups. Each treatment including eight replicates with 10 birds each and the feeding trial lasted for 42 days. Dietary supplementation with l-histidine and beta-alanine did not affect average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers during the grower (22–42 days) and the entire phase (1–42 days), compared with the control group (p > 0.05). The only exception was a significantly reduced ADG in the 1950 mg/kg l-histidine group in the starter period (1–21 days, p < 0.05). l-Histidine at 1950 mg/kg significantly decreased redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values of the meat at 45 min postmortem (p < 0.05), whereas it increased b* value and pH in breast muscle at 24 h postmortem. Moreover, dietary supplementation with beta-alanine alone or combination with l-histidine significantly increased ΔpH in breast muscle (p < 0.01). Dietary l-histidine markedly increased total superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) both in breast muscle (p < 0.01) and in plasma (p < 0.01), and it decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in breast muscle (p < 0.01). Dietary addition of beta-alanine, alone or combination, significantly increased T-AOC in breast muscle (p < 0.01) and markedly decreased MDA content both in breast muscle and in plasma (p < 0.01). Addition of l-histidine and beta-alanine significantly increased muscle peptide (carnosine and anserine) content (p < 0.05) and upregulated the expression of carnosine synthase, transporter of carnosine/ l-histidine, and l-histidine decarboxylase genes (p < 0.05), with greater change occurring in the combination group of 1300 mg/kg l-histidine and 1200 mg/kg beta-alanine. Overall, dietary l-histidine and beta-alanine could improve meat quality and antioxidant capacity, enhance the carnosine and anserine content, and upregulate the gene expression of carnosine synthesis-related enzymes in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (B.Q.); (J.W.); (M.H.); (Y.M.); (S.W.); (G.Q.); (K.Q.)
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria 3011, Australia
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (B.Q.); (J.W.); (M.H.); (Y.M.); (S.W.); (G.Q.); (K.Q.)
| | - Meng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (B.Q.); (J.W.); (M.H.); (Y.M.); (S.W.); (G.Q.); (K.Q.)
| | - Youbiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (B.Q.); (J.W.); (M.H.); (Y.M.); (S.W.); (G.Q.); (K.Q.)
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (B.Q.); (J.W.); (M.H.); (Y.M.); (S.W.); (G.Q.); (K.Q.)
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (B.Q.); (J.W.); (M.H.); (Y.M.); (S.W.); (G.Q.); (K.Q.)
| | - Kai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (B.Q.); (J.W.); (M.H.); (Y.M.); (S.W.); (G.Q.); (K.Q.)
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (B.Q.); (J.W.); (M.H.); (Y.M.); (S.W.); (G.Q.); (K.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-1136-4279
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Antioxidative Characteristics of Chicken Breast Meat and Blood after Diet Supplementation with Carnosine, L-histidine, and β-alanine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111093. [PMID: 33171823 PMCID: PMC7695160 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to test the effect of diets supplemented with β-alanine, L-histidine, and carnosine on the histidine dipeptide content and the antioxidative status of chicken breast muscles and blood. One-day-old Hubbard Flex male chickens were assigned to five treatments: control diet (C) and control diet supplemented with 0.18% L-histidine (ExpH), 0.3% β-alanine (ExpA), a mix of L-histidine\β-alanine (ExpH+A), and 0.27% carnosine (ExpCar). After 28 days, chicken breast muscles and blood samples were analyzed for the antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), carnosine and anserine content, amino acid profile, and anti-radical activity (ABTS, DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)). The results of the study showed that carnosine supplementation effectively increased body weight and breast muscle share in chicken carcasses. Carnosine and L-histidine supplementation with or without β-alanine increased carnosine content in chicken breast muscles up to 20% (p = 0.003), but the boost seems to be too low to affect the potential antioxidant capacity and amino acid content. The β-alanine-enriched diet lowered dipeptide concentration in chicken blood serum (p = 0.002) and activated catalase in chicken breast muscles in relation to the control group (p = 0.003). It can be concluded that histidine or dipeptide supplementation of chicken diets differently affected the total antioxidant potential: in breast muscles, it increased dipeptide content, while in blood cell sediment (rich in erythrocytes), increased SOD and GPx activities were observed.
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Gkarane V, Ciulu M, Altmann B, Mörlein D. Effect of Alternative Protein Feeds on the Content of Selected Endogenous Bioactive and Flavour-Related Compounds in Chicken Breast Meat. Foods 2020; 9:E392. [PMID: 32231074 PMCID: PMC7231189 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, soybean meal constitutes the main protein source for poultry production. However, the environmental and social issues related to soybean production are calling for more sustainable protein sources that can offset soybean requirements in animal production. Hermetia illucens larvae and the microalga spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) have proven to be effective alternatives to soybean meal for poultry production. In this study, the effect of 100% replacement of soy with partially defatted Hermetia illucens larvae and spirulina on the contents of selected endogenous bioactive (anserine, creatine and carnosine) and flavour-related (inosine and inosine-5´-monophosphate, IMP) compounds in chicken breast meat was evaluated. The results showed that the spirulina-based diet lowered the levels of anserine, carnosine and creatine compared to the control diet (3.3 vs. 4.1 mg/g, 0.15 vs. 0.72 mg/g and 1.49 vs. 2.49 mg/g, respectively) while IMP levels tended to be higher in spirulina-fed samples. Compared to the control group, Hermetia illucens-fed samples showed a lower content of bioactive peptides (anserine: 3.6 vs. 4.1 mg/g; carnosine: 0.39 vs. 0.72 mg/g; creatine: 2.03 vs. 2.49 mg/g), albeit to a lesser extent than the spirulina treatment group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Gkarane
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Ciulu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Brianne Altmann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Mörlein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Barbaresi S, Maertens L, Claeys E, Derave W, De Smet S. Differences in muscle histidine-containing dipeptides in broilers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5680-5686. [PMID: 31150113 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poultry meat has high levels of histidine-containing dipeptides (HCD) and consumption of meat rich in HCD may elicit certain health benefits. The aim of this work was to compare the HCD content (anserine and carnosine) in the breast and thigh muscles of two broiler strains differing in growth rate, feeding regime, and age at slaughter. A 3 (production system) × 2 (sex) × 2 (age at slaughter) full factorial arrangement was applied with fast-growing Ross 308 chicks fed ad libitum (ROSS-AL), slow-growing Sasso T451 chicks fed ad libitum (SASSO-AL), and Ross 308 chicks given limited feeding (ROSS-LIM). At the age of 40 and 62 days, eight birds per production system × sex combination were randomly selected for sampling of the breast and thigh muscle. Muscle HCD content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Across treatments, levels of anserine were 2.5- and 1.9-fold higher than carnosine in breast and thigh muscle respectively (P < 0.001), and levels of anserine and carnosine were 2.2- and 2.8-fold higher respectively in breast versus thigh muscle (P < 0.001). In breast muscle, SASSO-AL had higher levels of HCD than ROSS-AL and ROSS-LIM (P < 0.001). Considering different market meat types, breast muscle of 62-day-old SASSO-AL birds had more than threefold higher content of HCD compared to thigh muscle of 40-day-old ROSS-AL birds (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Large differences in muscle HCD content were found, varying according to type of muscle and broiler. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barbaresi
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Erik Claeys
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Biology, LANUPRO, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Biology, LANUPRO, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Qi B, Wang J, Ma YB, Wu SG, Qi GH, Zhang HJ. Effect of dietary β-alanine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, carnosine content, and gene expression of carnosine-related enzymes in broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1220-1228. [PMID: 29325148 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of dietary β-alanine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant ability, carnosine content, and gene expression of carnosine-related enzymes in broiler chicks. We randomly assigned 540 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers to 5 dietary treatments supplemented with 0 (control group), 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg of β-alanine (mg β-alanine per kg feed). Each treatment included 6 replicates of 18 birds. The feeding trial lasted for 42 d. Dietary β-alanine supplementation linearly and quadratically increased the average daily gain (ADG) during the starting period (d 1 to 21, P = 0.02 and P = 0.002). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased quadratically in response to dietary β-alanine supplementation during the starting and entire periods (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). For the entire period, the predicted best FCR would be achieved when β-alanine was fed at a level of 1,100 mg/kg from quadratic regression. The concentrations of carnosine and β-alanine in breast muscle increased quadratically with dietary β-alanine supplementation (d 42, P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). The predicted dietary β-alanine level for highest breast carnosine content was 1,196 mg/kg. Dietary supplementation with β-alanine reduced the taurine concentrations in plasma (d 42, linear and quadratic, P < 0.001). Breast muscle yield increased linearly and quadratically in response to dietary β-alanine addition (d 21, P = 0.017 and P = 0.007). Dietary supplementation with β-alanine quadratically reduced the shear force (P = 0.003), whereas a*45 min and a*24 h values increased quadratically in response to dietary β-alanine supplementation (d 42, P = 0.020 and P = 0.021, respectively). Dietary β-alanine addition quadratically enhanced the expression of carnosine synthase and taurine transporter mRNAs (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary β-alanine supplementation improved growth performance and carnosine content, ameliorated antioxidant capacity and meat quality, and upregulated the gene expression of carnosine synthesis-related enzymes in broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - You-Biao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Łukasiewicz M, Puppel K, Kuczyńska B, Kamaszewski M, Niemiec J. β-Alanine as a factor influencing the content of bioactive dipeptides in muscles of Hubbard Flex chickens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2562-2565. [PMID: 25348487 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various doses of β-alanine administered in feed mixtures and of heat treatment on changes in the contents of dipeptides anserine and carnosine in meat of fast-growing Hubbard Flex chickens. RESULTS The study demonstrated a significant effect of dietary administration of β-alanine on anserine content in breast muscles and on carnosine content in leg muscles of the chickens. A successive increase in dipeptide content was observed with increasing β-alanine content in the feed mixture. As a result of heat treatment, a significant (P ≤ 0.01) increase was observed in the anserine content of both breast and leg muscles: over twofold higher anserine content was detected in heat-treated muscles compared with raw muscles. The study showed that interesting effects might occur during β-alanine administration to feed mixtures for chickens, especially including increased contents of anserine and carnosine in skeletal muscles of the birds. CONCLUSION Taking into account the well-documented health-promoting effect of histidine dipeptides and possibilities of increasing their contents in the body by supplementation with β-alanine, anserine and carnosine might be considered as potential components of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Łukasiewicz
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Puppel
- Department of Cattle Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kuczyńska
- Department of Cattle Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kamaszewski
- Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Niemiec
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Influence of Dietary Histidine, Hybrid Line and Gender on Chicken Meat Quality and Carnosine Concentration. J Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0140201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kai S, Watanabe G, Kubota M, Kadowaki M, Fujimura S. Effect of dietary histidine on contents of carnosine and anserine in muscles of broilers. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:541-6. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Kai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Genya Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kubota
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Motoni Kadowaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Shinobu Fujimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
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Effects of β-Alanine Dietary Supplementation on Concentration of Carnosine and Quality of Broiler Muscle Tissue. J Poult Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0130047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kojima S, Saegusa H, Sakata M. Histidine-Containing Dipeptide Concentration and Antioxidant Effects of Meat Extracts from Silky Fowl: Comparison with Meat-Type Chicken Breast and Thigh Meats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.20.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tomonaga S, Hayakawa T, Yamane H, Maemura H, Sato M, Takahata Y, Morimatsu F, Furuse M. Oral administration of chicken breast extract increases brain carnosine and anserine concentrations in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 10:181-6. [DOI: 10.1080/10284150701587338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Histidine, β-Alanine, Magnesium Oxide, and Blood Meal on Carnosine and Anserine Concentrations of Broiler Breast Meat. J Poult Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0120064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kopeć W, Jamroz D, Wiliczkiewicz A, Biazik E, Hikawczuk T, Skiba T, Pudło A, Orda J. Antioxidation status and histidine dipeptides content in broiler blood and muscles depending on protein sources in feed. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:586-98. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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