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Pilot Study: The Effects of Slice Parameters and the Interobserver Measurement Variability in Computed Tomographic Hepatic Volumetry in Dogs without Hepatic Disease. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030177. [PMID: 36977216 PMCID: PMC10052709 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Manual computed tomographic (CT) hepatic volumetry is a non-invasive method for assessing liver volume. However, it is time-consuming with large numbers of slices. Reducing the slice number would expedite the process, but the effect of fewer slices on the accuracy of volumetric measurements in dogs has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between slice interval and the number of slices on hepatic volume in dogs using CT hepatic volumetry and the interobserver variability of CT volumetric measurements. We retrospectively reviewed medical records for dogs without evidence of hepatobiliary disease with abdominal CT from 2019 to 2020. Hepatic volumes were calculated by using all slices, and interobserver variability was calculated using the same dataset in 16 dogs by three observers. Interobserver variability was low, with a mean (±SD) percent difference in the hepatic volume of 3.3 (±2.5)% among all observers. The greatest percent differences in hepatic volume were decreased when using larger numbers of slices; the percent differences were <5% when using ≥20 slices for hepatic volumetry. Manual CT hepatic volumetry can be used in dogs to non-invasively assess liver volume with low interobserver variability, and a relatively reliable result can be acquired using ≥20 slices in dogs.
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An G, Kwon D, Yoon H, Yu J, Bang S, Lee Y, Jeon S, Jung J, Chang J, Chang D. Evaluation of the radiographic liver length/11th thoracic vertebral length ratio as a method for quantifying liver size in cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:640-647. [PMID: 31469210 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal radiography is a standard diagnostic test for cats with suspected liver disease, however, absolute measurements of radiographic liver size can be affected by other factors such as positioning, radiographic technique, and obesity. This prospective and retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional study evaluated the liver length/11th thoracic vertebral length (LL/T11) ratio as a method for minimizing these outside effects. In a prospectively recruited sample of 25 clinically healthy cats, measurements of radiographic LL/T11 ratio were compared with CT measurements of liver volume. Effects of radiographic technical factors (body posture, recumbency state, and beam center to LL/T11 ratio) and observer were also tested. In a retrospectively recruited sample of 324 cats with no evidence of liver disease, radiographic measurements of the LL/T11 ratio were performed using right lateral radiographs and compared among signalment groups (age, sex, body weight, and body condition score). There was a strong significant correlation between the LL/T11 ratio and CT liver volume (P < .001), and this ratio was not affected by radiographic technical factors. The reference value of the LL/T11 ratio was 4.22 ± 0.54 and the LL/T11 ratio did not differ among signalment groups. Findings supported the use of the LL/T11 ratio as a novel quantitative index of radiographic liver size in cats. Future studies in clinically affected cats are needed to further validate this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayeon An
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dohoon Kwon
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyounglok Yoon
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Yu
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sohyun Bang
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Youngjae Lee
- Jeil Referral Animal Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Jaihyun Jung
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | | | - Dongwoo Chang
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Cha A, Park S, Kim C, Yoon S, Lee D, Kim D, Chang DW, Choi J. Effect of radiographic technique on assessment of liver size in Beagles. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:1133-1139. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.11.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Older companion animals may be uncommonly affected with hepatobiliary neoplasia. If clinical signs are shown they are often nonspecific. Animals may have increased liver enzyme activities detected on serum biochemistry. Ultrasound imaging can help to characterize liver lesions and guide sampling with fine needle aspiration. Treatment for massive liver tumor morphology involves liver lobectomy. Prognosis depends on the tumor morphology, type, and stage, but can be good for cats and dogs with massive hepatocellular tumors, with animals experiencing prolonged survival and low recurrence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Fujimoto A, Neo S, Ishizuka C, Kato T, Segawa K, Kawarai S, Ogihara K, Hisasue M, Tsuchiya R. Identification of cell surface antigen expression in canine hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:831-5. [PMID: 23412833 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of surface antigens in canine hepatocellular carcinoma (cHCC) have not been clarified. The objective of this study was to investigate surface antigens, which are considered as stem/progenitor or cancer cell markers, in cHCC cell lines. Expression of various antigens including CD29, CD34, CD44, CD90, CD133 and Dlk-1 was assessed in four cHCC cell lines by flow cytometry. CD44, CD133 and Dlk-1 expression was detectable in all cell lines, and three cell lines expressed CD29. These results indicate that CD29, CD44, CD133 and Dlk-1 have potential as suitable markers in cHCC identification, suggesting that these findings will contribute to the establishment of an early diagnostic tool for the identification of hepatocellular maturation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuoku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Liver. CANINE AND FELINE GASTROENTEROLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161409 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3661-6.00061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Choi J, Keh S, Kim H, Kim J, Yoon J. RADIOGRAPHIC LIVER SIZE IN PEKINGESE DOGS VERSUS OTHER DOG BREEDS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 54:103-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonnam National University; Gwangju; South Korea
| | - Seoyeon Keh
- Haemaru Referral Animal Hospital; Seongnam; South Korea
| | | | - Junyoung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul; South Korea
| | - Junghee Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul; South Korea
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Sterczer Á, Németh T, Mándoki M, Gálfi P, Jakab C. A case of synchronous hepatocellular carcinoma and aortic body chemodectoma in a dog - pathological case report. Acta Vet Hung 2011; 59:113-21. [PMID: 21354946 DOI: 10.1556/avet.59.2011.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe a case of synchronously occurring (double) tumours, i.e. primary hepatocellular carcinoma and aortic body chemodectoma in a 14-year-old mixed-breed male dog. The tumours were identified during necropsy, following euthanasia. In the last months of its life, the dog showed signs of weakness, anorexia, apathy, inactivity, and abdominal palpation elicited a painful reaction. The primary liver cancer emerged in the left lateral lobe without evidence of any distant metastases. Histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations revealed a well-differentiated, trabecular, claudin-7-, claudin-5- and pancytokeratin-negative hepatocellular carcinoma. The Ki-67 proliferation index was 33%. During necropsy, a synchronously occurring benign, grade I type aortic body chemodectoma was also detected in the dog. This neuroendocrine tumour showed chromogranin-, synaptophysin-, neuron-specific enolase- and S100 protein-positivity, and the Ki-67 proliferation index was 2%. The authors believe that this is the first description of synchronously occurring hepatocellular carcinoma and aortic body chemodectoma in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Sterczer
- 1 Szent István University Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tibor Németh
- 4 Szent István University Department of Surgery and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Science István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Míra Mándoki
- 2 Szent István University Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Péter Gálfi
- 3 Szent István University Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Csaba Jakab
- 2 Szent István University Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
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Cave TA, Johnson V, Beths T, Edwards R, Argyle DJ. Treatment of unresectable hepatocellular adenoma in dogs with transarterial iodized oil and chemotherapy with and without an embolic agent: A report of two cases. Vet Comp Oncol 2003; 1:191-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5810.2003.00028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
The histopathologic types of liver tumors in dogs and cats are reviewed with particular emphasis on the presenting signs and distribution within the liver. Ultrasonographic findings are discussed, as well as laboratory abnormalities. Finally, treatment options, prognoses, and survival times are presented, including chemotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hammer
- CritiCare Veterinary Services, Inc, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Abstract
Radiographically, the diseased liver may change in size, shape, position, or opacity. Contrast studies such as peritoneography, cholecystography, portography, and arteriography may be performed to increase the specificity of the radiographic diagnosis. Ultrasound can be used to detect the changes in liver echogenicity associated with disease, identify focal verses diffuse disease processes, detect vascular and biliary abnormalities noninvasively, and direct needle aspirates and biopsies for culture, cytology, and histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Partington
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
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