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Côté E, Zwicker LA, Anderson EL, Stryhn H, Yu J, Andersen E. Effects of dexmedetomidine and its reversal with atipamezole on echocardiographic measurements and circulating cardiac biomarker concentrations in normal cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1-9. [PMID: 35175929 DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.06.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DXM) and its subsequent reversal with atipamezole (APM) on the echocardiogram and circulating concentrations of cardiac biomarkers in cats. ANIMALS 14 healthy cats. PROCEDURES Cats underwent echocardiography and measurements of circulating cTn-I and NT-proBNP concentrations before (PRE) and during (INTRA) DXM sedation (40 µg/kg IM) and 2 to 4 (2H POST) and 24 (24H POST) hours after reversal with APM. RESULTS Administering DXM significantly decreased heart rate, right ventricular and left ventricular (LV) outflow tract velocities, and M-mode-derived LV free-wall thickness; increased LV end systolic diameter and volume; and caused valvar regurgitation. While sedative effects resolved within 25 minutes of APM reversal, the evolution of echocardiographic changes was mixed: LV ejection fraction and mitral valvar regurgitation score were different at 2H POST than at both INTRA and PRE (partial return toward baseline), LV end-diastolic volume was different PRE to INTRA and INTRA to 2H POST but not different PRE to 2H POST (full return toward baseline), and M-mode-derived LV free-wall thickness was significantly different from PRE to INTRA and PRE to 2H POST (no return toward baseline). Serum cTn-I and plasma NT-proBNP concentrations increased significantly with DXM, which remained significant 2H POST. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Administration of DXM and APM reversal produced changes in echocardiographic results and in circulating cTn-I and NT-proBNP concentrations. Understanding these changes could help veterinarians differentiate drug effects from cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Côté
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Lesley A Zwicker
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Erin L Anderson
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Henrik Stryhn
- Department Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Jenny Yu
- Department Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Erin Andersen
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Abstract
Practical relevance: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of feline
cardiomyopathy observed clinically and may affect up to approximately 15% of
the domestic cat population, primarily as a subclinical disease.
Fortunately, severe HCM, leading to heart failure or arterial
thromboembolism (ATE), only occurs in a small proportion of these cats. Patient group: Domestic cats of any age from 3 months upward, of either sex and of any
breed, can be affected. A higher prevalence in male and domestic shorthair
cats has been reported. Diagnostics: Subclinical feline HCM may or may not produce a heart murmur or gallop sound.
Substantial left atrial enlargement can often be identified radiographically
in cats with severe HCM. Biomarkers should not be relied on solely to
diagnose the disease. While severe feline HCM can usually be diagnosed via
echocardiography alone, feline HCM with mild to moderate left ventricular
(LV) wall thickening is a diagnosis of exclusion, which means there is no
definitive test for HCM in these cats and so other disorders that can cause
mild to moderate LV wall thickening (eg, hyperthyroidism, systemic
hypertension, acromegaly, dehydration) need to be ruled out. Key findings: While a genetic cause of HCM has been identified in two breeds and is
suspected in another, for most cats the cause is unknown. Systolic anterior
motion of the mitral valve (SAM) is the most common cause of dynamic left
ventricular outflow tract obstruction (DLVOTO) and, in turn, the most common
cause of a heart murmur with feline HCM. While severe DLVOTO is probably
clinically significant and so should be treated, lesser degrees probably are
not. Furthermore, since SAM can likely be induced in most cats with HCM, the
distinction between HCM without obstruction and HCM with obstruction (HOCM)
is of limited importance in cats. Diastolic dysfunction, and its
consequences of abnormally increased atrial pressure leading to signs of
heart failure, and sluggish atrial blood flow leading to ATE, is the primary
abnormality that causes clinical signs and death in affected cats. Treatment
(eg, loop diuretics) is aimed at controlling heart failure. Preventive
treatment (eg, antithrombotic drugs) is aimed at reducing the risk of
complications (eg, ATE). Conclusions: Most cats with HCM show no overt clinical signs and live a normal or
near-normal life despite this disease. However, a substantial minority of
cats develop overt clinical signs referable to heart failure or ATE that
require treatment. For most cats with clinical signs caused by HCM, the
long-term prognosis is poor to grave despite therapy. Areas of uncertainty: Genetic mutations (variants) that cause HCM have been identified in a few
breeds, but, despite valiant efforts, the cause of HCM in the vast majority
of cats remains unknown. No treatment currently exists that reverses or even
slows the cardiomyopathic process in HCM, again despite valiant efforts. The
search goes on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Kittleson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, and Veterinary Information Network, 777 West Covell Boulevard, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Etienne Côté
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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Sugimoto K, Aoki T, Fujii Y. Longitudinal evaluation of cardiovascular function in six healthy cats aged 1-8 years. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:98-104. [PMID: 32552525 PMCID: PMC10741354 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20932255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ageing on the cardiovascular system of healthy adult cats. METHODS Six experimental cats were used. Echocardiography and measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP) were performed every year for 8 years (from 1 year of age to 8 years of age) in all cats. Age-related changes to left ventricular (LV) structures, LV systolic and diastolic function, and SBP were assessed. RESULTS There were no significant changes in LV structures and SBP. Peak longitudinal strain rate during systole was decreased at 8 years of age, and peak longitudinal strain rate during diastole was decreased from 6 years of age. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study revealed that some measures of cardiac function recorded in six healthy cats from 1 to 8 years of age were affected as the cats got older; however, there were no structural changes or changes in measurements that are routinely assessed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Azabu
University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuma Aoki
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Azabu
University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Fujii
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Azabu
University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Jeong H, Lee H, Jung J, Kim H, Yu J, Yoon H, Lee Y, Chang J, Chang D. Evaluation of left ventricular function with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography after administration of dobutamine and esmolol in healthy beagle dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:581-591. [PMID: 33473057 PMCID: PMC8111355 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiac MRI) results in a
near-exact assessment of cardiac structures and function. However, most veterinary studies
have focused on dogs with normal cardiac function. We hypothesized that there would be
significant differences in cardiac measurements between cardiac MRI and echocardiography
when left ventricular (LV) function was abnormal. This study was undertaken to compare
measurements of LV function produced by cardiac MRI and echocardiography in dogs whose LV
function was altered by pharmacological agents. This study was conducted with six healthy
beagle dogs. We increased left ventricular contractility by administration of dobutamine;
we decreased cardiac contractility with esmolol. Stroke volume measurements were made by
using both cardiac MRI and echocardiography under seven different conditions with general
anesthesia: control, three doses of esmolol (100, 200, and 500 µg/kg/min), and three doses
of dobutamine (10, 20, and 50 µg/kg/min). Experiments involving each condition were
conducted at least 1 week apart. When LV contractility was normal, ejection fraction (EF)
and stroke volume (SV), as measured by echocardiography and cardiac MRI, were not
significantly different. However, when contractility was changed by pharmacological
agents, EF and SV were overestimated by echocardiography, compared to MRI. Evaluation of
cardiac function in patients treated with pharmacological agents should be conducted
carefully because EF and SV measured by echocardiography can be overestimated, compared
with EF and SV obtained by cardiac MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryoung Jeong
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hanbin Lee
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jaihyun Jung
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyunryung Kim
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jin Yu
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyounglok Yoon
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Youngjae Lee
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jinhwa Chang
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chang
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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5
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Scansen BA, Drees R. Joint virtual issue on recent advances in veterinary cardiac imaging. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:546-548. [PMID: 31943370 PMCID: PMC7096632 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Scansen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Randi Drees
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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Scansen BA, Drees R. Joint virtual issue on recent advances in veterinary cardiac imaging. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:127-129. [PMID: 31943510 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Scansen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Randi Drees
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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Kim J, Kim S, Lee Y, Yoon H, Eom K. Contrast Echocardiography in two-dimensional left ventricular measurements: comparison with 256-row multi-detector computed tomography as a reference standard in Beagles. J Vet Sci 2020; 20:e45. [PMID: 31565888 PMCID: PMC6769328 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unenhanced echocardiography (UE), commonly used in veterinary practice, is limited by left ventricular (LV) foreshortening and observer dependency. Contrast echocardiography (CE) was used to compare two-dimensional (2D) LV measurements made using UE and 256-row multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) as a reference standard. Seven healthy beagle dogs were evaluated in this study. Measurements obtained using CE, including LV wall thickness, internal diameter, and longitudinal and transverse length, were significantly greater than those obtained using UE. Measurements of LV internal dimension in diastole (LVIDd) and systole (LVIDs) were significantly larger with CE compared UE. Regardless of the cardiac cycle, LV longitudinal (LVLd and LVLs) and transverse diameter (LVTDd and LVTDs) measurements were significantly different with CE and approximated values from MDCT. Among automatically calculated parameters, LV end-systolic volume and the relative wall thickness were significantly different between UE and CE. In CE, the correlation coefficients of 4 major parameters (r = 0.87 in LVIDd; 0.91 in LVIDs; 0.87 in LVLd; and 0.81 in LVLs) showed higher values compared to the UE (r = 0.68 in LVIDd, 0.71 in LVIDs, 0.69 in LVLd, and 0.35 in LVLs). Inter-observer agreement was highest for MDCT and higher for CE than UE. In conclusion, CE is more accurate and reproducible than UE in assessing 2D LV measurements and can overcome the limitations of UE including LV foreshortening and high observer dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwan Kim
- Helix Animal Medical Center, Seoul 06546, Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yeonhea Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hakyoung Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kidong Eom
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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8
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Dörr K, Kammer M, Reindl-Schwaighofer R, Lorenz M, Loewe C, Marculescu R, Erben R, Oberbauer R. Effect of etelcalcetide on cardiac hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial (ETECAR-HD). Trials 2019; 20:601. [PMID: 31651370 PMCID: PMC6813957 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with chronic kidney disease, and calcimimetic therapy reduces plasma concentrations of FGF23. It remains unknown whether treatment with the calcimimetic etelcalcetide (ETL) reduces LVH in patients on hemodialysis. Methods/design This single-blinded randomized trial of 12 months duration will test the effects of ETL compared with alfacalcidol on LVH and cardiac fibrosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Both treatment regimens will be titrated to equally suppress secondary hyperparathyroidism while alfacalcidol treatment causes an increase and ETL a decrease in FGF23, respectively. Patients treated thrice weekly with hemodialysis for ≥ 3 months and ≤ 3 years with parathyroid hormone levels ≥ 300 pg/ml and LVH will be enrolled in the study. The primary study endpoint is change from baseline to 12 months in left ventricular mass index (LVMI; g/m2) measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Sample size calculations showed that 62 randomized patients will be necessary to detect a difference in LVMI of at least 20 g/m2 between the two groups at 12 months. Due to the strong association of volume overload and LVH, randomization will be stratified by residual kidney function, and regular body composition monitoring will be performed to control the volume status of patients. Study medication will be administered intravenously by the dialysis nurses after every hemodialysis session, thus omitting adherence issues. Secondary study endpoints are cardiac parameters measured by echocardiography, biomarker concentrations of bone metabolism (FGF23, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, s-Klotho), cardiac markers (pro-brain natriuretic peptide, pre- and postdialysis troponin T) and metabolites of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone cascade (angiotensin I (Ang I), Ang II, Ang-(1–7), Ang-(1–5), Ang-(1–9), and aldosterone). Discussion The causal inference and pathophysiology of LVH regression by FGF23 reduction using calcimimetic treatment has not yet been shown. This intervention study has the potential to discover a new strategy for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. It might be speculated that successful treatment of cardiac morphology will also reduce the risk of cardiac death in this population. Trial registration European Clinical Trials Database, EudraCT number 2017-000222-35; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03182699. Registered on
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dörr
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kammer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems (CeMSIIS), Section for Clinical Biometrics, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Matthias Lorenz
- Vienna Dialysis Center, Kapellenweg 37, 1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Loewe
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Bioimaging and Image-Guided Intervention, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhold Erben
- Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, VetMed Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Anatomical assessment of intrathoracic cardiovascular structures using fast spin-echo double inversion recovery and steady-state free precession magnetic resonance imaging in a normal cat. J Vet Cardiol 2019; 24:28-35. [PMID: 31405552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In human medicine, non-contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is routinely used to assess the cardiovascular system. In this study, using non-contrast CMRI, we provide a thorough description of the normal appearance of the intrathoracic cardiovascular structures in one healthy cat using a magnet operating at a field of 1.5-Tesla. The CMRI protocol was based on the use of fast spin-echo double inversion recovery and steady-state free precession pulse sequences in oblique short-axis, vertical long-axis, and horizontal long-axis imaging planes. After imaging the feline heart, four cadaver cats injected with latex substance into their arterial and venous systems were sectioned to facilitate interpretation of the intrathoracic cardiovascular structures to the corresponding CMRI. The fast spin-echo double inversion recovery images showed the best evaluation of gross intrathoracic anatomy, giving excellent contrast of the myocardium and vessels walls as they appeared with intermediate signal intensity compared to the lumen that appeared with low signal intensity. By contrast, steady-state free precession images showed details of the heart cavities and vascular lumen due to the high signal intensity of fast-flowing blood. The results of this study provide some anatomic detail for the heart and associated vessels as seen by non-contrast CMRI in the domestic cat.
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10
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Spalla I, Boswood A, Connolly DJ, Luis Fuentes V. Speckle tracking echocardiography in cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1232-1241. [PMID: 30993757 PMCID: PMC6524080 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have decreased left ventricular (LV) longitudinal deformation detected by mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and speckle tracking echocardiography. People with preclinical HCM have decreased systolic LV longitudinal and radial strain (S) and strain rate (SR), with preserved circumferential S and SR. Hypothesis/Objectives Cats with preclinical HCM have decreased systolic LV deformation compared to normal cats. Animals Seventy‐three client‐owned cats with (n = 37) and without (n = 36) preclinical HCM. Methods Retrospective echocardiographic study. Left and right ventricular longitudinal S and SR, LV radial and circumferential S and SR were calculated by STE. Left ventricular mass was also calculated. Correlation between STE variables and LV hypertrophy was determined and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for prediction of HCM. Results Cats with HCM had smaller absolute longitudinal S (−14.8 ± 3.3% vs −19.7 ± 2.7%, P < .001), longitudinal SR (−2.36 ± 0.62 vs −2.95 ± 0.68 second−1, P < .001), radial S (46.2 ± 21.3% vs 66.7 ± 17.6%, P < .001), and radial SR (5.60 ± 2.08 vs 6.67 ± 1.8 second−1, P < .001) compared to healthy controls. No difference was observed for circumferential S and SR. Cats with HCM had greater LV mass (13.2 ± 3.7 g vs 8.6 ± 2.7 g, P < .001). The ROC with the greatest area under the curve (AUC) for the identification of HCM (0.974) was plotted from a logistic regression equation combining LV mass, MAPSE at the free wall, and LV internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd). Conclusions and clinical importance Cats with preclinical HCM have decreased long axis and radial deformation. Decreased longitudinal deformation and decreased LVIDd are factors that would support a diagnosis of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Spalla
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Boswood
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - David J Connolly
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Luis Fuentes
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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11
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Lee Y, Jung J, Park J, Jeong J, Jeon S, Park S, Chang J, Kang JH, Lee C, Chang D. CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS IN THREE DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 58:62-75. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Lee
- Section of Medical Imaging; Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Jaihyun Jung
- Section of Medical Imaging; Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Junyong Park
- Section of Medical Imaging; Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Jiyoon Jeong
- Section of Medical Imaging; Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Seokho Jeon
- Section of Medical Imaging; Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Section of Medical Imaging; Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Jinhwa Chang
- Section of Medical Imaging; Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Ji-Houn Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine; Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Chulhyun Lee
- Bioimaging Research Team; Korea Basic Science Institute; Cheongju Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chang
- Section of Medical Imaging; Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
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12
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Arencibia A, Corbera JA, Ramírez G, Contreras S, Morales M, Jaber JR, Orós J, Vázquez JM. Three-dimensional time of flight magnetic resonance angiography of the heart and associated vessels in a cat. J Vet Cardiol 2016; 18:413-417. [PMID: 27444271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the normal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the heart and associated vessels in a mature female cat using a 1.5-Tesla magnet. Non-contrast enhanced MRA was performed using a three-dimensional time of flight (TOF) sequence in parasagittal and dorsal aspects. Relevant cardiac and vascular structures were labelled on three-dimensional Time of flight images. Time of flight imaging showed details of the heart cavities and vessels lumen due to the high signal intensity of fast-flowing blood compared with bones, muscles, and lungs, which appeared with low signal intensity. Three-dimensional TOF sequences provided adequate anatomical details of the heart and good differentiation of the vascular structures that could be used for interpretation of cardiac images and to assist in future MRA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arencibia
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - J A Corbera
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - G Ramírez
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Contreras
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - M Morales
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - J R Jaber
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - J Orós
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - J M Vázquez
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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Lin K, Collins JD, Lloyd-Jones DM, Jolly MP, Li D, Markl M, Carr JC. Automated Assessment of Left Ventricular Function and Mass Using Heart Deformation Analysis: Initial Experience in 160 Older Adults. Acad Radiol 2016; 23:321-5. [PMID: 26749328 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To assess the performance of automated quantification of left ventricular function and mass based on heart deformation analysis (HDA) in asymptomatic older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study complied with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulations. Following the approval of the institutional review board, 160 asymptomatic older participants were recruited for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging including two-dimensional cine images covering the entire left ventricle in short-axis view. Data analysis included the calculation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular mass (LVM), and cardiac output (CO) using HDA and standard global cardiac function analysis (delineation of end-systolic and end-diastolic left ventricle epi- and endocardial borders). The agreement between methods was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CoV). RESULTS HDA had a shorter processing time than the standard method (1.5 ± 0.3 min/case vs. 5.8 ± 1.4 min/case, P < 0.001). There was good agreement for LVEF (ICC = 0.552, CoV = 10.5%), CO (ICC = 0.773, CoV = 13.5%), and LVM (ICC = 0.859, CoV = 14.5%) acquired with the standard method and HDA. There was a systemic bias toward lower LVEF (62.8% ± 8.3% vs. 69.3% ± 6.7%, P < 0.001) and CO (4.4 ± 1.0 L/min vs. 4.8 ± 1.3 L/min, P < 0.001) by HDA compared to the standard technique. Conversely, HDA overestimated LVM (114.8 ± 30.1 g vs. 100.2 ± 29.0 g, P < 0.001) as compared to the reference method. CONCLUSIONS HDA has the potential to measure LVEF, CO, and LVM without the need for user interaction based on standard cardiac two-dimensional cine images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611.
| | - Jeremy D Collins
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611
| | | | | | - Debiao Li
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Michael Markl
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - James C Carr
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611
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Sargent J, Connolly DJ, Watts V, Mõtsküla P, Volk HA, Lamb CR, Luis Fuentes V. Assessment of mitral regurgitation in dogs: comparison of results of echocardiography with magnetic resonance imaging. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:641-50. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Sargent
- The Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Herts AL9 7TA
| | - D. J. Connolly
- The Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Herts AL9 7TA
| | - V. Watts
- The Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Herts AL9 7TA
| | - P. Mõtsküla
- The Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Herts AL9 7TA
| | - H. A. Volk
- The Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Herts AL9 7TA
| | - C. R. Lamb
- The Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Herts AL9 7TA
| | - V. Luis Fuentes
- The Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Herts AL9 7TA
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15
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Eskofier J, Wefstaedt P, Beyerbach M, Nolte I, Hungerbühler SO. Quantification of left ventricular volumes and function in anesthetized beagles using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: 4D-TomTec™ analysis versus 4D-AutLVQ™ analysis in comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:260. [PMID: 26459280 PMCID: PMC4603588 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Backround Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) enables accurate volume determination of the left ventricle (LV), since measurements in foreshortened depicted views are avertable. Different analyzing programs are available for this RT3DE. The commonly used semi-automatic software 4D-AutLVQ™ showed underestimation of LV volumes in comparison with CMRI in healthy anesthetized dogs (Am J Vet Res 74(9):1223–1230, 2013). TomTec 4D LV-Function™ is an offline analysis program for morphological and functional analyses of the left ventricle by using manual measurement optimization, showing excellent agreement with CMRI in human medicine (Echocardiography 27(10):1263–1273, 2010; Eur J Echocardiogr 11(4):359–368, 2010; Echocardiography 24(9):967–974, 2007). The aim of the present study was to compare these different RT3DE analyzing software programs to test the possibility of one performing better than the other by assessing accuracy and reproducibility in comparison with the reference method cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) by determining the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF). RT3DE and CMRI were performed during anesthesia in 10 healthy beagles. The analyzing programs 4D-AutLVQ™ (based on semi-automated border detection) and TomTec 4D LV-Function™ (primary manual tracking with semi-automated border detection) were used for RT3DE volume analysis of the left ventricle. Left ventricular EDV, ESV, SV and EF were measured and compared to those measured by the reference method CMRI. Repeated measurements were performed to determine inter- and intra-observer variability. Results Both, 4D-AutLVQ™ and 4D-TomTec™ showed small but significant underestimation for EDV and ESV with quite good correlation (r = 0.34–0.69) in comparison with CMRI, without significant difference between each of them. Ejection fraction (EF) measured by 4D-TomTec™ showed no significant differences compared to CMRI (p = 0.12), while 4D-AutLVQ™ significantly underestimated LV-EF (p = 0.03). Analyzing time was shorter using 4D-AutLVQ™ compared to 4D-TomTec™. The inter-observer variability was higher using 4D-TomTec™ than with 4D-AutLVQ™, whereas both methods present excellent intra-observer variability. Conclusion 4D-TomTec™ and 4D-AutLVQ™ are feasible RT3DE analyzing programs, allowing accurate volume quantification of the left ventricle, albeit with significant underestimation of ventricular volumes in comparison with the gold standard CMRI. 4D-AutLVQ™ is performed faster with less inter-observer variability than 4D-TomTec™. Therefore, 4D-AutLVQ™ is the more practicable measurement method when comparing the different analyzing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Eskofier
- 3Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Patrick Wefstaedt
- 3Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin Beyerbach
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ingo Nolte
- 3Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stephan O Hungerbühler
- 3Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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Contrast echocardiography to assess left ventricular volume and function in Beagle dogs: Comparison with 3-Tesla dual source parallel cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Vet J 2013; 198:450-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Contreras S, Arencibia A, Gil F, De Miguel A, Ramírez G, Vázquez JM. Black and bright-blood sequences magnetic resonance angiography and gross sections of the canine thorax: An anatomical study. Vet J 2010; 185:231-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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MAI WILFRIED, WEISSE CHICK, SLEEPER MEGM. CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN NORMAL DOGS AND TWO DOGS WITH HEART BASE TUMOR. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:428-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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19
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The potential role of MRI in veterinary clinical cardiology. Vet J 2010; 183:124-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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MacDonald KA, Kittleson MD, Larson RF, Kass P, Klose T, Wisner ER. The Effect of Ramipril on Left Ventricular Mass, Myocardial Fibrosis, Diastolic Function, and Plasma Neurohormones in Maine Coon Cats with Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy without Heart Failure. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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MacDonald KA, Wisner ER, Larson RF, Klose T, Kass PH, Kittleson MD. Comparison of myocardial contrast enhancement via cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in healthy cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Vet Res 2005; 66:1891-4. [PMID: 16334945 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify myocardial contrast enhancement (MCE) of the left ventricle (LV) by use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in healthy cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and to compare MCE between the 2 groups. ANIMALS 10 healthy cats and 26 Maine Coon cats with moderate to severe HCM but without clinical evidence of congestive heart failure. PROCEDURE Anesthetized cats underwent gradient echo CMRI examination. Short-axis images of the LV were acquired before and 7 minutes after IV administration of gadolinium dimeglumine. Regions of interest were manually traced in the quadrants of 5 mid-LV slices acquired at end systole, and the MCE percentage was calculated from summed weight-averaged data from all slices. Doppler tissue imaging echocardiography was performed to measure the early diastolic myocardial velocity (Em) as an index of diastolic function. Three-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to determine differences in MCE between cats with HCM and healthy cats. Simple linear regression was used to assess whether MCE was correlated with LV mass, LV mass index (LVMI), or Em. A Student t test was used to compare the SDs of the postcontrast myocardial signal intensity between the 2 groups. RESULTS There was no difference in MCE between cats with HCM and healthy cats. There was no correlation of MCE with LV mass, LVMI, or Em. There was no difference in heterogeneity of signal intensities of LV myocardium between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Contrast-enhancement CMRI was not useful in detecting diffuse myocardial fibrosis in cats with HCM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial/diagnosis
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial/veterinary
- Cat Diseases/diagnosis
- Cats
- Contrast Media/chemistry
- Echocardiography, Doppler/veterinary
- Heterocyclic Compounds/chemistry
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnosis
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/veterinary
- Linear Models
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/veterinary
- Meglumine/analogs & derivatives
- Meglumine/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A MacDonald
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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