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Ercolin ACM, Uchôa AS, Aires LPN, Gomes DR, Tinto ST, Feliciano GSM, Feliciano MAR. Use of New Ultrasonography Methods for Detecting Neoplasms in Dogs and Cats: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:312. [PMID: 38275771 PMCID: PMC10812759 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this literature review was to present the novel imaging modalities elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. We provided an overview of the concepts and applications of each technique for the investigation of neoplastic and metastatic tumors in dogs and cats. Studies on elastography are based on the elasticity and deformation of the evaluated tissue. The information obtained from the different types of elastography can aid in the detection and differentiation of malignant and benign structures. Descriptions of elastography studies in several organs and tissue in veterinary medicine reported that, in general, malignant tumors tend to be more rigid and, therefore, less deformable than benign lesions or in comparison to the healthy parenchyma. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is based on the intravenous injection of contrast media constituted by microbubbles. This imaging modality can be performed in nonsedated animals and provides information on the tissue perfusion, allowing the investigation of macro- and micro-circulation. Studies on different organs and tissues were performed in dogs and cats and revealed a tendency of malignant tumors to present faster transit of the contrast media (time to wash-in, peak and wash-out). These advanced techniques can be associated with other imaging modalities, aiding important information to the well-established exams of B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography. They can be used as screening tests, potentially representing an alternative to the invasive sampling methods required for cytological and histopathological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carolina Mazeto Ercolin
- Laboratory of Veterinary, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.M.E.); (A.S.U.); (D.R.G.); (S.T.T.); (G.S.M.F.)
| | - Alex Silveira Uchôa
- Laboratory of Veterinary, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.M.E.); (A.S.U.); (D.R.G.); (S.T.T.); (G.S.M.F.)
| | - Luiz Paulo Nogueira Aires
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Sao Paulo 14884-900, Brazil;
| | - Diego Rodrigues Gomes
- Laboratory of Veterinary, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.M.E.); (A.S.U.); (D.R.G.); (S.T.T.); (G.S.M.F.)
| | - Stefany Tagliatela Tinto
- Laboratory of Veterinary, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.M.E.); (A.S.U.); (D.R.G.); (S.T.T.); (G.S.M.F.)
| | - Giovanna Serpa Maciel Feliciano
- Laboratory of Veterinary, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.M.E.); (A.S.U.); (D.R.G.); (S.T.T.); (G.S.M.F.)
| | - Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano
- Laboratory of Veterinary, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.M.E.); (A.S.U.); (D.R.G.); (S.T.T.); (G.S.M.F.)
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Canejo-Teixeira R, Lima A, Santana A. Applications of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Splenic Studies of Dogs and Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162104. [PMID: 36009694 PMCID: PMC9404716 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a noninvasive imaging technique that has become a reliable tool for identifying and monitoring lesions in both human and animals. In the last decade, its use in veterinary diagnostic imaging has gained increasing importance, and it can be reliable in everyday clinical practice. However, there is a lack of reviews describing existing CEUS results in the study of splenic lesions, which is of particular importance in dogs and cats. This information is important for validating its efficacy, to facilitate decision making related to sampling procedures and diagnosis, or even as a means to select CEUS as an alternative diagnostic tool in specific cases. Our goal was to review the existing studies of CEUS applications for splenic ultrasound studies in cats and dogs, present these results in a systematic manner, and combine this information into practical guidelines that can be used to help diagnosis and interpretation in both clinical cases and research. Abstract Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an emerging technology in veterinary medicine involving the administration of intravenous contrast agents, and it is increasingly recognized for its high potential as a diagnostic imaging tool for small animals. This exam is easy and quick to perform, safe and reliable, and allows for the differentiation of lesions. It permits the identification of lesions that may require more invasive procedures, from those that can be safely dismissed to those that can be followed-up with ultrasound imaging. Although it has been extensively reviewed for use in human medicine, there is an overall lack of information about the application of this technique for cats and dogs, particularly in splenic studies, which can be particularly important for small animals. The present review describes and summarizes the CEUS applications used for splenic analysis in cats and dogs, providing a basic overview of CEUS technology with examples of common and uncommon features of focal splenic lesions. It also systematically gathers the results obtained for benign and malignant splenic lesions described in the literature, whilst providing guidelines for their interpretation. Furthermore, it presents the advantages of using CEUS for splenic analysis in cats and dogs and the main factors that may influence the quality of the imaging and the accuracy of the diagnosis. This type of knowledge can be used to provide a framework to help veterinarians make informed decisions regarding the use of this emerging technique for splenic lesions, guiding their interpretation of CEUS findings in the splenic ultrasounds of cats and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Canejo-Teixeira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.C.-T.); (A.L.)
| | - Ana Lima
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.C.-T.); (A.L.)
| | - Ana Santana
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- CECAV-Animal and Veterinary Research Center, Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS-Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Nagumo T, Ishigaki K, Yoshida O, Iizuka K, Tamura K, Sakurai N, Terai K, Seki M, Edamura K, Asano K. Utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differential diagnosis of adrenal tumors in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1594-1601. [PMID: 32968037 PMCID: PMC7719881 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective case study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the differential diagnosis of canine adrenal tumors. Forty-three client-owned dogs with adrenal tumors were included. All dogs underwent CEUS, which was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The peak signal intensity (PI), time to peak signal intensity (TPI), mean transit time (MTT), upslope, and downslope were calculated for each time-intensity curve. The histopathological diagnosis of each resected mass was compared with the CEUS findings and parameters. Enhancement distribution, vascularity, tortuous nourishing vessels, enhancement pattern, and late-phase enhancement did not differ significantly between adrenal cortical adenoma (CA), adenocarcinoma (CAC), and pheochromocytoma (PHEO) in qualitative assessment. In PHEO, the TPI was significantly more rapid compared with that in CA (P=0.0287) and CAC (P=0.0404). The MTT in PHEO was significantly shorter than that in CA (P=0.0016) and CAC (P=0.0003). Upslope in PHEO was larger than that in CAC (P=0.0406). Downslope in PHEO was significantly larger than that in CA (P=0.0048) and CAC (P=0.0018). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the MTT curve yielded 0.91 for distinguishing PHEO from adrenocortical tumors in dogs; an MTT cut-off value less than 6,225 msec yielded a sensitivity of 69%, specificity of 94%, and likelihood ratio of 12.46. CEUS appears to be clinically applicable for the differential diagnosis between cortical and medullary origins of primary adrenal tumors in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nagumo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishigaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Orie Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Keigo Iizuka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kei Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Terai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Mamiko Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kazuya Edamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Zoller G, Hahn H, Di Girolamo N. Technological Advances in Diagnostic Imaging in Exotic Pet Medicine. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2019; 22:397-417. [PMID: 31395322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic imaging relies on interpretation of interactions between the body tissue and various energies, such as x-rays, ultrasound, and magnetic or nuclear energies, to differentiate normal from abnormal tissues. Major technological improvements regarding emission and detection of the energetic waves, as well as reconstruction and interpretation of the images, have occurred. These advances made possible visualization of smaller structures, quantitative evaluation of functional processes, and development of unique imaging-guided procedures. This article reviews the technological advances that allowed development of cone beam computed tomography, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, which all could have applications in exotic pet medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Zoller
- Exotic Pet Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, Arcueil 94110, France.
| | - Harriet Hahn
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, Arcueil 94110, France
| | - Nicola Di Girolamo
- Tai Wai Small Animal and Exotic Hospital, 69-75 Chik Shun Street, Tai Wai, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Mangano C, Macrì F, Di Pietro S, Pugliese M, Santoro S, Iannelli NM, Mazzullo G, Crupi R, De Majo M. Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessment of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in canine spleen. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:196. [PMID: 31185980 PMCID: PMC6560855 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) is one of the most common non-neoplastic splenic lesions in dogs, especially in old ones, showing a splenic enlargement. More recent studies have been focused on Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography (CEUS) analysis of the spleen for establishing normal perfusion patterns and blood pool phase peculiarities of focal lesions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative CEUS analysis of the canine splenic NLH, characterizing the CEUS pattern of this pathology on 20 clinical cases. Results A prospective, observational study was performed using a system equipped with contrast-tuned imaging technology. Mechanical Index was set from 0.08 to 0.11; the contrast medium was a second generation contrast medium composed of sulphur hexafluoride encapsulated of a shell of phospholipids (SonoVue®). Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the enhancement pattern of splenic NLH were performed. Cytology and histology identified 20 splenic NLH. All of the benign hyperplastic lesions assessed were isoechoic with a homogeneous pattern than the surrounding normal spleen, during the wash-in phase (10–20 s) of the CEUS exam. Before finishing the wash-in phase, 20–45 s from the contrast medium inoculation, 19/20 benign nodules became markedly hypoechoic to the adjacent spleen. Sensitivity of hypoechoic pattern for NLH was 95%. Conclusions These findings should prove useful in the evaluation of focal splenic masses in dogs. Since enhancement and perfusion patterns of NLH seem to coincide with some neoplastic lesions of the spleen previously reported, in clinical practice attention must be paid to the final diagnosis of canine splenic lesions using only the CEUS exam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyndi Mangano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Macrì
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Di Pietro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Michela Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Santoro
- Camagna Veterinary Clinic, Via Parco Caserta 13, RC 89124, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Nicola M Iannelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzullo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Massimo De Majo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
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Macrì F, Di Pietro S, Liotta L, Piccionello AP, Pugliese M, De Majo M. Effects of size and location of regions of interest examined by use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography on renal perfusion variables of dogs. Am J Vet Res 2017; 77:869-76. [PMID: 27463550 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.8.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine effects of the size and location of regions of interest (ROIs) in the renal cortex of unsedated dogs on renal perfusion variables determined by use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). ANIMALS 12 client-owned adult (1.5 to 2 years old) Labrador Retrievers (8 males and 4 females; mean ± SD body weight, 27 ± 1.6 kg). PROCEDURES Each dog received 2 bolus injections of sulfur hexafluoride during CEUS. Three small oval ROIs (area of each ROI, 0.11 cm(2)) located in a row with a distance of 1 mm between adjacent ROIs and 1 large oval ROI (area, 1 cm(2)) that encompassed the 3 smaller ROIs were manually drawn in the renal cortex. The ROIs were located at a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 cm in the near field of the renal cortex. Software analysis of time-intensity curves within each ROI was used to identify peak enhancement, time to peak enhancement, regional blood flow, and mean transit time. RESULTS The location and size of the ROIs of unsedated dogs did not cause significant differences in the mean values of the renal perfusion variables. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The development of CEUS has provided a unique means for visually examining and quantifying tissue perfusion. Results of this study indicated that it was possible to use small or large ROIs during renal CEUS to evaluate renal perfusion in dogs.
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Rossi F, Fina C, Stock E, Vanderperren K, Duchateau L, Saunders JH. EFFECT OF SEDATION ON CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE SPLEEN IN HEALTHY DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:276-81. [PMID: 26777031 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the spleen enables the dynamic assessment of the perfusion of this organ, however, both subjective and quantitative evaluation can be strongly influenced by sedative agent administration. The purpose of this prospective, experimental study was to test effects of two sedative agents on splenic perfusion during contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the spleen in a sample of healthy dogs. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the spleen was repeated in six healthy Beagles following a cross-over study design comparing three protocols: awake, butorphanol 0.2 mg/Kg intramuscular (IM), and dexmedetomidine 500 μg/m(2) IM. After intravenous injection of a phospholipid stabilized sulfur hexafluoride microbubble solution (SonoVue®, Bracco Imaging, Milano, Italy), the enhancement intensity and perfusion pattern of the splenic parenchyma were assessed and perfusion parameters were calculated. Normal spleen was slightly heterogeneous in the early phase, but the parenchyma was homogeneous at a later phase. Sedation with butorphanol did not modify perfusion of the spleen. Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced splenic enhancement, providing diffuse parenchymal hypoechogenicity during the entire examination. Measured parameters were significantly modified, with increased arrival time (AT; (< 0.0001) and time to peak (TTP; P < 0.0001), and decreased peak intensity (PI; P = 0.0108), wash-in (P = 0.0014), and area under the curve (AUC; P = 0.0421). Findings supported the use of butorphanol and contraindicated the use of dexmedetomidine as sedatives for splenic contrast ultrasound procedures in dogs. Short-term and diffuse heterogeneity of the spleen in the early venous phase was determined to be a normal finding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Fina
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmelie Stock
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vanderperren
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jimmy H Saunders
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Jones ID, Lamb CR, Drees R, Priestnall SL, Mantis P. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DUAL-PHASE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FEATURES AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC DIAGNOSES IN 52 DOGS WITH HEPATIC OR SPLENIC MASSES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:144-53. [PMID: 26763951 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ability to noninvasively differentiate malignant from nonmalignant abdominal masses would aid clinical decision making. The aim of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to identify features in dual-phase computed tomographic (CT) studies that could be used to distinguish malignant from nonmalignant hepatic and splenic masses in dogs. Medical records were searched for dogs that had an abdominal dual-phase CT examination, a hepatic or splenic mass, and subsequent histopathologic diagnosis. Computed tomographic images for all included dogs were acquired prior to and <30 s (early phase) and >60 s (delayed phase) after intravenous contrast administration. Fifty-two dogs with 55 masses were studied: 24 hepatic, including 14 (58%) malignant and 10 (42%) non-malignant; 31 splenic, including 18 (58%) malignant and 13 (42%) nonmalignant. There was substantial overlap in the pre- and postcontrast CT features of malignant and nonmalignant hepatic and splenic masses. Regardless of histologic diagnosis, hepatic masses most frequently showed marked, generalized enhancement in early phase images that persisted in the delayed phase. Splenic hemangiosarcoma and nodular hyperplastic lesions most frequently showed marked, generalized enhancement in early phase images that persisted in delayed images whereas most splenic hematomas had slight enhancement in early phase images. All splenic hematomas and 77% of the hemangiosarcomas had contrast accumulation compatible with active hemorrhage. There were no other significant differences in quantitative or categorical CT data between malignant and nonmalignant hepatic or splenic masses. Dual-phase CT of dogs with hepatic or splenic masses provides limited specific diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Jones
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Christopher R Lamb
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Randi Drees
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Panagiotis Mantis
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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Pey P, Rossi F, Vignoli M, Duchateau L, Marescaux L, Saunders JH. Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to characterize adrenal gland tumors in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:886-92. [PMID: 25255177 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.10.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic characteristics and vascular patterns of adrenal gland tumors in dogs and determine whether those features are indicative of malignancy or histologic type of tumor. ANIMALS 14 dogs with 16 adrenal gland lesions (10 carcinomas [8 dogs], 3 adenomas [3 dogs], and 3 pheochromocytomas [3 dogs]). PROCEDURES Unsedated dogs with adrenal gland lesions underwent B-mode ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography ≤ 48 hours before adrenalectomy; contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic examinations were video-recorded. Macroscopic evaluation of the adrenal gland lesions and histologic examination of removed adrenal gland tissues were subsequently performed. Surgical and histopathologic findings and the ultrasonographic and contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic characteristics were recorded for the various tumor types. Time-intensity curves were generated from the contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic recordings and used to calculate regional blood volume (value proportional to area under the curve) and mean transit time (time the lesion began to enhance to the half-peak intensity). RESULTS In adrenal gland carcinomas, tortuous feeding vessels were noticeable during the arterial and venous phases of contrast enhancement. Heterogeneity of contrast enhancement was evident only in malignant tumors. Compared with adenomas, adrenal gland carcinomas and pheochromocytomas had significantly less regional blood volume. Mean transit times were significantly shorter in adrenal gland carcinomas and pheochromocytomas than in adenomas. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE For dogs, evaluation of the vascular pattern and contrast-enhancement characteristics of adrenal gland tumors by means of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography may be useful in assessment of malignancy and tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascaline Pey
- Departments of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopedy of Small Animals, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Haers H, Daminet S, Smets PMY, Duchateau L, Aresu L, Saunders JH. Use of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to detect diffuse renal changes in Beagles with iatrogenic hypercortisolism. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:70-7. [PMID: 23270348 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for detection of changes in renal blood flow in dogs before and after hydrocortisone administration. ANIMALS 11 Beagles. PROCEDURE Dogs were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: oral administration of hydrocortisone (9.6 mg/kg; n = 6) or a placebo (5; control group) twice a day for 4 months, after which the dose was tapered until treatment cessation at 6 months. Before treatment began and at 1, 4, and 6 months after, CEUS of the left kidney was performed by IV injection of ultrasonography microbubbles. Images were digitized, and time-intensity curves were generated from regions of interest in the renal cortex and medulla. Changes in blood flow were determined as measured via contrast agent (baseline [background] intensity, peak intensity, area under the curve, arrival time of contrast agent, time-to-peak intensity, and speed of contrast agent transport). RESULTS Significant increases in peak intensity, compared with that in control dogs, were observed in the renal cortex and medulla of hydrocortisone-treated dogs 1 and 4 months after treatment began. Baseline intensity changed similarly. A significant increase from control values was also apparent in area under the curve for the renal cortex 4 months after hydrocortisone treatment began and in the renal medulla 1 and 4 months after treatment began. A significant time effect with typical time course was observed, corresponding with the period during which hydrocortisone was administered. No difference was evident in the other variables between treated and control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Quantitative CEUS allowed detection of differences in certain markers of renal blood flow between dogs treated orally with and without hydrocortisone. Additional studies are needed to investigate the usefulness of quantitative CEUS in the diagnosis of diffuse renal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Haers
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Sharpley JL, Marolf AJ, Reichle JK, Bachand AM, Randall EK. Color and power Doppler ultrasonography for characterization of splenic masses in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53:586-90. [PMID: 22702800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign and malignant splenic masses can appear similar on B-mode imaging, making ultrasound sensitive but not specific in their diagnosis. Our goal was to characterize color and/or power Doppler characteristics of vasculature within and adjacent to a splenic mass, which would distinguish benign vs. malignant lesions. The hypothesis was that malignant splenic masses will have altered vascular patterns compared with benign masses. Color and power Doppler cineloops evaluating the vasculature within the mass and normal splenic parenchyma were obtained in sagittal and transverse planes using a standardized protocol. Categories of evaluation included presence of peritoneal effusion, a large aberrant or tortuous vessel within the mass, relative blood flow within the mass compared with normal parenchyma, and path of vessels in the adjacent parenchyma entering into the mass. All patients had histopathologic or definitive cytologic diagnosis. Thirty-one dogs were included. There were 13 malignant masses and 18 were benign. Peritoneal effusion was significantly associated with malignancy (P = 0.0007). Presence of an aberrant or tortuous vessel within the mass was nearly significant (P = 0.059). There was no significant difference in any of the color or power Doppler blood flow evaluations. Ultrasonographic findings of a splenic mass and peritoneal effusion may indicate malignancy. The presence of an aberrant vessel within a splenic mass could suggest malignancy; however more data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenelle L Sharpley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Warren-Smith CMR, Andrew S, Mantis P, Lamb CR. Lack of associations between ultrasonographic appearance of parenchymal lesions of the canine liver and histological diagnosis. J Small Anim Pract 2012; 53:168-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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