1
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Foley A, Lao N, Clarke C, Barron N. A complete workflow for single cell mtDNAseq in CHO cells, from cell culture to bioinformatic analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1304951. [PMID: 38440325 PMCID: PMC10910102 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1304951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have a long history in the biopharmaceutical industry and currently produce the vast majority of recombinant therapeutic proteins. A key step in controlling the process and product consistency is the development of a producer cell line derived from a single cell clone. However, it is recognized that genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity between individual cells in a clonal CHO population tends to arise over time. Previous bulk analysis of CHO cell populations revealed considerable variation within the mtDNA sequence (heteroplasmy), which could have implications for the performance of the cell line. By analyzing the heteroplasmy of single cells within the same population, this heterogeneity can be characterized with greater resolution. Such analysis may identify heterogeneity in the mitochondrial genome, which impacts the overall phenotypic performance of a producer cell population, and potentially reveal routes for genetic engineering. A critical first step is the development of robust experimental and computational methods to enable single cell mtDNA sequencing (termed scmtDNAseq). Here, we present a protocol from cell culture to bioinformatic analysis and provide preliminary evidence of significant mtDNA heteroplasmy across a small panel of single CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Foley
- Cell Engineering Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nga Lao
- Cell Engineering Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Clarke
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Bioinformatics Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niall Barron
- Cell Engineering Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Uruski P, Matuszewska J, Leśniewska A, Rychlewski D, Niklas A, Mikuła-Pietrasik J, Tykarski A, Książek K. An integrative review of nonobvious puzzles of cellular and molecular cardiooncology. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:44. [PMID: 37221467 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncologic patients are subjected to four major treatment types: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. All nonsurgical forms of cancer management are known to potentially violate the structural and functional integrity of the cardiovascular system. The prevalence and severity of cardiotoxicity and vascular abnormalities led to the emergence of a clinical subdiscipline, called cardiooncology. This relatively new, but rapidly expanding area of knowledge, primarily focuses on clinical observations linking the adverse effects of cancer therapy with deteriorated quality of life of cancer survivors and their increased morbidity and mortality. Cellular and molecular determinants of these relations are far less understood, mainly because of several unsolved paths and contradicting findings in the literature. In this article, we provide a comprehensive view of the cellular and molecular etiology of cardiooncology. We pay particular attention to various intracellular processes that arise in cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells treated in experimentally-controlled conditions in vitro and in vivo with ionizing radiation and drugs representing diverse modes of anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Uruski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Matuszewska
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Leśniewska
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Daniel Rychlewski
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Niklas
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Mikuła-Pietrasik
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Książek
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially perturbation of oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, disrupts cellular homeostasis and is a surprisingly frequent cause of central and peripheral nervous system pathology. Mitochondrial disease is an umbrella term that encompasses a host of clinical syndromes and features caused by in excess of 300 different genetic defects affecting the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Patients with mitochondrial disease can present at any age, ranging from neonatal onset to late adult life, with variable organ involvement and neurological manifestations including neurodevelopmental delay, seizures, stroke-like episodes, movement disorders, optic neuropathy, myopathy, and neuropathy. Until relatively recently, analysis of skeletal muscle biopsy was the focus of diagnostic algorithms, but step-changes in the scope and availability of next-generation sequencing technology and multiomics analysis have revolutionized mitochondrial disease diagnosis. Currently, there is no specific therapy for most types of mitochondrial disease, although clinical trials research in the field is gathering momentum. In that context, active management of epilepsy, stroke-like episodes, dystonia, brainstem dysfunction, and Parkinsonism are all the more important in improving patient quality of life and reducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert McFarland
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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4
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Bansept C, Gaignard P, Lebigot E, Eyer D, Delplancq G, Hoebeke C, Mazodier K, Ledoyen A, Rouzier C, Fragaki K, Ait-El-Mkadem Saadi S, Philippe C, Bruel AL, Faivre L, Feillet F, Abi Warde MT. UQCRC2-related mitochondrial complex III deficiency, about 7 patients. Mitochondrion 2023; 68:138-144. [PMID: 36509339 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isolated complex III defect is a relatively rare cause of mitochondrial disorder. New genes involved were identified in the last two decades, with only a few cases described for each deficiency. UQCRC2, which encodes ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2, is one of the eleven structural subunits of complex III. We report seven French patients with UQCRC2 deficiency to complete the phenotype reported so far. We highlight the similarities with neoglucogenesis defect during decompensations - hypoglycaemias, liver failure and lactic acidosis - and point out the rapid improvement with glucose fluid infusion, which is a remarkable feature for a mitochondrial disorder. Finally, we discuss the relevance of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in this defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bansept
- Service de Pédiatrie, GHRMSA, 69 avenue du Dr Léon Mangeney, 68100 Mulhouse, France.
| | - Pauline Gaignard
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, AP-HP, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Elise Lebigot
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, AP-HP, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Didier Eyer
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital de Haguenau, 64 avenue du Professeur René Leriche, 67500 Haguenau, France.
| | - Geoffroy Delplancq
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHRU Besançon, 3 boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France; Oncobiologie Génétique Bioinformatique, PCBio, CHRU Besançon, 3 boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France.
| | - Célia Hoebeke
- Service de Neurométabolisme Pédiatrique, AP-HM, CHU Timone, 264 Rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Karin Mazodier
- Service de Médecine Interne, AP-HM, CHU Conception, 147 boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Anaïs Ledoyen
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre hospitalier d'Ajaccio, 27 avenue de l'Impératrice Eugénie, 20000 Ajaccio, France.
| | - Cécile Rouzier
- Centre de référence des Maladies Mitochondriales, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nice, 151 route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 28 avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice Cedex 02, France.
| | - Konstantina Fragaki
- Centre de référence des Maladies Mitochondriales, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nice, 151 route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 28 avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice Cedex 02, France.
| | - Samira Ait-El-Mkadem Saadi
- Centre de référence des Maladies Mitochondriales, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nice, 151 route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 28 avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice Cedex 02, France.
| | - Christophe Philippe
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des maladies rares, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, FHU TRANSLAD, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des maladies rares, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, FHU TRANSLAD, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Laurence Faivre
- INSERM UMR1231 GAD, F-21000, Dijon, France; Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs", Centre de Génétique, FHU TRANSLAD et Institut GIMI, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - François Feillet
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Métaboliques, Inserm U1256 NGERE, Service de Médecine Infantile, CHRU Brabois Enfants, Rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Marie-Thérèse Abi Warde
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, 1 avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France.
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5
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Vikramdeo KS, Sudan SK, Singh AP, Singh S, Dasgupta S. Mitochondrial respiratory complexes: Significance in human mitochondrial disorders and cancers. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4049-4078. [PMID: 36074903 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal organelles that govern cellular energy production through the oxidative phosphorylation system utilizing five respiratory complexes. In addition, mitochondria also contribute to various critical signaling pathways including apoptosis, damage-associated molecular patterns, calcium homeostasis, lipid, and amino acid biosynthesis. Among these diverse functions, the energy generation program oversee by mitochondria represents an immaculate orchestration and functional coordination between the mitochondria and nuclear encoded molecules. Perturbation in this program through respiratory complexes' alteration results in the manifestation of various mitochondrial disorders and malignancy, which is alarmingly becoming evident in the recent literature. Considering the clinical relevance and importance of this emerging medical problem, this review sheds light on the timing and nature of molecular alterations in various respiratory complexes and their functional consequences observed in various mitochondrial disorders and human cancers. Finally, we discussed how this wealth of information could be exploited and tailored to develop respiratory complex targeted personalized therapeutics and biomarkers for better management of various incurable human mitochondrial disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar Somesh Vikramdeo
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sarabjeet Kour Sudan
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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6
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Li W, Zhang J, Yu X, Meng F, Huang J, Zhang L, Wang S. Aristolochic acid I exposure decreases oocyte quality. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:838992. [PMID: 36036003 PMCID: PMC9402977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.838992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte quality is a determinant of a successful pregnancy. The final step of oocyte development is oocyte maturation, which is susceptible to environmental exposures. Aristolochic acids (AAs), widely existing in Aristolochia and Asarum plants that have been used in traditional medicine, can result in a smaller ovary and fewer superovulated oocytes after in vivo exposure to mice. However, whether AAs affect oocyte maturation and the underlying mechanism(s) are unclear. In this study, we focused on the effect of Aristolochic acid I (AAI), a major compound of AAs, on the maturation of in vitro cultured mouse oocytes. We showed that AAI exposure significantly decreased oocyte quality, including elevated aneuploidy, accompanied by aberrant chiasma patterns and spindle organization, and decreased first polar body extrusion and fertilization capability. Moreover, embryo development potential was also dramatically decreased. Further analyses revealed that AAI exposure significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis and increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), implying impaired mitochondrial function. Insufficient ATP supply can cause aberrant spindle assembly and excessive ROS can cause premature loss of sister chromatid cohesion and thus alterations in chiasma patterns. Both aberrant spindles and changed chiasma patterns can contribute to chromosome misalignment and thus aneuploidy. Therefore, AAI exposure decreases oocyte quality probably via impairing mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liangran Zhang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shunxin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Shunxin Wang,
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7
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Guo X, Xu L, Velazquez H, Chen TM, Williams RM, Heller DA, Burtness B, Safirstein R, Desir GV. Kidney-Targeted Renalase Agonist Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease by Inhibiting Regulated Necrosis and Inflammation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:342-356. [PMID: 34921111 PMCID: PMC8819981 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated administration of cisplatin causes CKD. In previous studies, we reported that the kidney-secreted survival protein renalase (RNLS) and an agonist peptide protected mice from cisplatin-induced AKI. METHODS To investigate whether kidney-targeted delivery of RNLS might prevent cisplatin-induced CKD in a mouse model, we achieved specific delivery of a RNLS agonist peptide (RP81) to the renal proximal tubule by encapsulating the peptide in mesoscale nanoparticles (MNPs). We used genetic deletion of RNLS, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, and Western blotting to determine efficacy and to explore underlying mechanisms. We also measured plasma RNLS in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving their first dose of cisplatin chemotherapy. RESULTS In mice with CKD induced by cisplatin, we observed an approximate 60% reduction of kidney RNLS; genetic deletion of RNLS was associated with significantly more severe cisplatin-induced CKD. In this severe model of cisplatin-induced CKD, systemic administration of MNP-encapsulated RP81 (RP81-MNP) significantly reduced CKD as assessed by plasma creatinine and histology. It also decreased inflammatory cytokines in plasma and inhibited regulated necrosis in kidney. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that RP81-MNP preserved epithelial components of the nephron and the vasculature and suppressed inflammatory macrophages and myofibroblasts. In patients receiving their first dose of cisplatin chemotherapy, plasma RNLS levels trended lower at day 14 post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Kidney-targeted delivery of RNLS agonist RP81-MNP protects against cisplatin-induced CKD by decreasing cell death and improving the viability of the renal proximal tubule. These findings suggest that such an approach might mitigate the development of CKD in patients receiving cisplatin cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Guo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Leyuan Xu
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Heino Velazquez
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tian-Min Chen
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ryan M. Williams
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Robert Safirstein
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gary V. Desir
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
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8
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Senthilvelan S, Sekar SS, Kesavadas C, Thomas B. Neuromitochondrial Disorders : Genomic Basis and an Algorithmic Approach to Imaging Diagnostics. Clin Neuroradiol 2021; 31:559-574. [PMID: 34106285 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-021-01030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders have been an enigma for a long time due to the varied clinical presentations. Although a genetic confirmation will be mandatory most of the time, half the number of Leigh syndrome would be negative for genetic mutations. There are a growing number of mutations in clinical practice, which escape detection on routine clinical exome sequencing. Imaging would render help in pointing towards a mitochondrial disorder. There are a few case reports which brief about specific mitochondrial mutations and their specific imaging appearance. This article tries to provide a comprehensive review on the imaging-genomic correlation of mitochondrial disorders with an objective of performing a specific genetic testing to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhakumar Senthilvelan
- Department of IS&IR, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, Trivandrum, India
| | - Sabarish S Sekar
- Department of IS&IR, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, Trivandrum, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Kesavadas
- Department of IS&IR, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, Trivandrum, India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of IS&IR, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, Trivandrum, India.
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9
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Needs HI, Protasoni M, Henley JM, Prudent J, Collinson I, Pereira GC. Interplay between Mitochondrial Protein Import and Respiratory Complexes Assembly in Neuronal Health and Degeneration. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:432. [PMID: 34064758 PMCID: PMC8151517 DOI: 10.3390/life11050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that >99% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and synthesised in the cytosol renders the process of mitochondrial protein import fundamental for normal organelle physiology. In addition to this, the nuclear genome comprises most of the proteins required for respiratory complex assembly and function. This means that without fully functional protein import, mitochondrial respiration will be defective, and the major cellular ATP source depleted. When mitochondrial protein import is impaired, a number of stress response pathways are activated in order to overcome the dysfunction and restore mitochondrial and cellular proteostasis. However, prolonged impaired mitochondrial protein import and subsequent defective respiratory chain function contributes to a number of diseases including primary mitochondrial diseases and neurodegeneration. This review focuses on how the processes of mitochondrial protein translocation and respiratory complex assembly and function are interlinked, how they are regulated, and their importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope I. Needs
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (H.I.N.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Margherita Protasoni
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (M.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Jeremy M. Henley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (H.I.N.); (J.M.H.)
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (M.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Ian Collinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (H.I.N.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Gonçalo C. Pereira
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (M.P.); (J.P.)
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10
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Organization of the Respiratory Supercomplexes in Cells with Defective Complex III: Structural Features and Metabolic Consequences. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040351. [PMID: 33920624 PMCID: PMC8074069 DOI: 10.3390/life11040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain encompasses four oligomeric enzymatic complexes (complex I, II, III and IV) which, together with the redox carrier ubiquinone and cytochrome c, catalyze electron transport coupled to proton extrusion from the inner membrane. The protonmotive force is utilized by complex V for ATP synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Respiratory complexes are known to coexist in the membrane as single functional entities and as supramolecular aggregates or supercomplexes (SCs). Understanding the assembly features of SCs has relevant biomedical implications because defects in a single protein can derange the overall SC organization and compromise the energetic function, causing severe mitochondrial disorders. Here we describe in detail the main types of SCs, all characterized by the presence of complex III. We show that the genetic alterations that hinder the assembly of Complex III, not just the activity, cause a rearrangement of the architecture of the SC that can help to preserve a minimal energetic function. Finally, the major metabolic disturbances associated with severe SCs perturbation due to defective complex III are discussed along with interventions that may circumvent these deficiencies.
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11
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Chak STC, Baeza JA, Barden P. Eusociality Shapes Convergent Patterns of Molecular Evolution across Mitochondrial Genomes of Snapping Shrimps. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1372-1383. [PMID: 33211078 PMCID: PMC8480187 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eusociality is a highly conspicuous and ecologically impactful behavioral syndrome that has evolved independently across multiple animal lineages. So far, comparative genomic analyses of advanced sociality have been mostly limited to insects. Here, we study the only clade of animals known to exhibit eusociality in the marine realm-lineages of socially diverse snapping shrimps in the genus Synalpheus. To investigate the molecular impact of sociality, we assembled the mitochondrial genomes of eight Synalpheus species that represent three independent origins of eusociality and analyzed patterns of molecular evolution in protein-coding genes. Synonymous substitution rates are lower and potential signals of relaxed purifying selection are higher in eusocial relative to noneusocial taxa. Our results suggest that mitochondrial genome evolution was shaped by eusociality-linked traits-extended generation times and reduced effective population sizes that are hallmarks of advanced animal societies. This is the first direct evidence of eusociality impacting genome evolution in marine taxa. Our results also strongly support the idea that eusociality can shape genome evolution through profound changes in life history and demography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon T C Chak
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
- Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Pierce, FL
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Phillip Barden
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY
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12
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Feng P, Xie Q, Liu Z, Guo Z, Tang R, Yu Q. Study on the Reparative Effect of PEGylated Growth Hormone on Ovarian Parameters and Mitochondrial Function of Oocytes From Rats With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649005. [PMID: 33791307 PMCID: PMC8005617 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous disorder and lacks effective interventions in clinical applications. This research aimed to elucidate the potential effects of recombinant human PEGylated growth hormone (rhGH) on follicular development and mitochondrial function in oocytes as well as ovarian parameters in POI rats induced by the chemotherapeutic agent. The impacts of rhGH on ovarian function before superovulation on follicles, estrous cycle, and sex hormones were evaluated. Oocytes were retrieved to determine oocyte quality and oxidative stress parameters. Single-cell sequencing was applied to investigate the latent regulatory network. This study provides new evidence that a high dosage of rhGH increased the number of retrieved oocytes even though it did not completely restore the disturbed estrous cycle and sex hormones. rhGH attenuated the apoptosis of granulosa cells and oxidative stress response caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide. Additionally, rhGH modulated the energy metabolism of oocytes concerning the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content but not mtDNA copy numbers. Based on single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we found that rhGH directly or indirectly promoted the balance of oxidative stress and cellular oxidant detoxification. Four hub genes, Pxmp4, Ehbp1, Mt-cyb, and Enpp6, were identified to be closely related to the repair process in oocytes as potential targets for POI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu Xie
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Genetics Medical Science Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zaixin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyi Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Mitochondrial Structure and Bioenergetics in Normal and Disease Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020586. [PMID: 33435522 PMCID: PMC7827222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are ubiquitous intracellular organelles found in almost all eukaryotes and involved in various aspects of cellular life, with a primary role in energy production. The interest in this organelle has grown stronger with the discovery of their link to various pathologies, including cancer, aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, dysfunctional mitochondria cannot provide the required energy to tissues with a high-energy demand, such as heart, brain and muscles, leading to a large spectrum of clinical phenotypes. Mitochondrial defects are at the origin of a group of clinically heterogeneous pathologies, called mitochondrial diseases, with an incidence of 1 in 5000 live births. Primary mitochondrial diseases are associated with genetic mutations both in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), affecting genes involved in every aspect of the organelle function. As a consequence, it is difficult to find a common cause for mitochondrial diseases and, subsequently, to offer a precise clinical definition of the pathology. Moreover, the complexity of this condition makes it challenging to identify possible therapies or drug targets.
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14
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Evidence of diaphragmatic dysfunction with severe alveolar hypoventilation syndrome in mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 30:593-598. [PMID: 32654952 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diaphragmatic dysfunction has been reported in congenital myopathies, muscular dystrophies, and occasionally, mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. Using a minimally invasive procedure in 3 young girls, 1 with a heteroplasmic MT-CYB mutation and 2 with biallelic pathogenic TK2 variants, we provided functional evidence of diaphragmatic dysfunction with global respiratory muscle weakness in mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. Analysis of respiratory muscle performance using esogastric pressures revealed paradoxical breathing and severe global inspiratory and expiratory muscle weakness with a sniff esophageal inspiratory pressure and a gastric pressure during cough averaging 50% and 40% of predicted values, respectively. This diaphragmatic dysfunction was responsible for severe undiagnosed nocturnal hypoventilation, requiring noninvasive ventilation. Our results underline the interest of this minimally invasive procedure for the evaluation of respiratory muscle performance and its potential value for the monitoring of future clinical trials in respiratory chain deficiency.
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15
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Yang L, He T, Xiong F, Chen X, Fan X, Jin S, Geng Z. Identification of key genes and pathways associated with feed efficiency of native chickens based on transcriptome data via bioinformatics analysis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:292. [PMID: 32272881 PMCID: PMC7146967 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving feed efficiency is one of the important breeding targets for poultry industry. The aim of current study was to investigate the breast muscle transcriptome data of native chickens divergent for feed efficiency. Residual feed intake (RFI) value was calculated for 1008 closely related chickens. The 5 most efficient (LRFI) and 5 least efficient (HRFI) birds were selected for further analysis. Transcriptomic data were generated from breast muscle collected post-slaughter. RESULTS The differently expressed genes (DEGs) analysis showed that 24 and 325 known genes were significantly up- and down-regulated in LRFI birds. An enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that the genes and pathways related to inflammatory response and immune response were up-regulated in HRFI chickens. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was also employed, which indicated that LRFI chickens increased expression of genes related to mitochondrial function. Furthermore, protein network interaction and function analyses revealed ND2, ND4, CYTB, RAC2, VCAM1, CTSS and TLR4 were key genes for feed efficiency. And the 'phagosome', 'cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)', 'citrate cycle (TCA cycle)' and 'oxidative phosphorylation' were key pathways contributing to the difference in feed efficiency. CONCLUSIONS In summary, a series of key genes and pathways were identified via bioinformatics analysis. These key genes may influence feed efficiency through deep involvement in ROS production and inflammatory response. Our results suggested that LRFI chickens may synthesize ATP more efficiently and control reactive oxygen species (ROS) production more strictly by enhancing the mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle compared with HRFI chickens. These findings provide some clues for understanding the molecular mechanism of feed efficiency in birds and will be a useful reference data for native chicken breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.,Key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.,Key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengliang Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xianzhen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.,Key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.,Key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihua Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.,Key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China. .,Key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Lomeli N, Di K, Pearre DC, Chung TF, Bota DA. Mitochondrial-associated impairments of temozolomide on neural stem/progenitor cells and hippocampal neurons. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:56-66. [PMID: 32045717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary brain tumor patients often experience neurological, cognitive, and depressive symptoms that profoundly affect quality of life. The DNA alkylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ), along with radiation therapy forms the standard of care for glioblastoma (GBM) - the most common and aggressive of all brain cancers. Numerous studies have reported that TMZ disrupts hippocampal neurogenesis and causes spatial learning deficits in rodents; however, the effect of TMZ on mature hippocampal neurons has not been addressed. In this study, we examined the mitochondrial-mediated mechanisms involving TMZ-induced neural damage in primary rat neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC) and hippocampal neurons. TMZ inhibited mtDNA replication and transcription of mitochondrial genes (ND1 and Cyt b) in NSC by 24 h, whereas the effect of TMZ on neuronal mtDNA transcription was less pronounced. Transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed mitochondrial degradation in TMZ-treated NSC. Acute TMZ exposure (4 h) caused a rapid reduction in dendritic branching and loss of postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95) puncta on dendrites. Longer TMZ exposure impaired mitochondrial respiratory activity, increased oxidative stress, and induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. The presented findings suggest that NSC may be more vulnerable to TMZ than hippocampal neurons upon acute exposure; however long-term TMZ exposure results in neuronal mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction and dendritic damage, which may be associated with delayed cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Lomeli
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Kaijun Di
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Diana C Pearre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Tzu-Feng Chung
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Daniela A Bota
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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17
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Malik AN, Rosa HS, S. de Menezes E, Tamang P, Hamid Z, Naik A, Parsade CK, Sivaprasad S. The Detection and Partial Localisation of Heteroplasmic Mutations in the Mitochondrial Genome of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246259. [PMID: 31835862 PMCID: PMC6940788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and a major cause of acquired blindness in adults. Mitochondria are cellular organelles involved in energy production which contain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We previously showed that levels of circulating mtDNA were dysregulated in DR patients, and there was some evidence of mtDNA damage. In the current project, our aim was to confirm the presence of, and determine the location and prevalence of, mtDNA mutation in DR. DNA isolated from peripheral blood from diabetes patients (n = 59) with and without DR was used to amplify specific mtDNA regions which were digested with surveyor nuclease S1 to determine the presence and location of heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations were present. An initial screen of the entire mtDNA genome of 6 DR patients detected a higher prevalence of mutations in amplicon P, covering nucleotides 14,443 to 1066 and spanning the control region. Further analysis of 42 subjects showed the presence of putative mutations in amplicon P in 36% (14/39) of DR subjects and in 10% (2/20) non-DR subjects. The prevalence of mutations in DR was not related to the severity of the disease. The detection of a high-prevalence of putative mtDNA mutations within a specific region of the mitochondrial genome supports the view that mtDNA damage contributes to DR. The exact location and functional impact of these mutations remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan N. Malik
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-848-6271
| | - Hannah S. Rosa
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Eliane S. de Menezes
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Priyanka Tamang
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Zaidi Hamid
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anita Naik
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Chandani Kiran Parsade
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK
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18
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Synergistic Effect of Mitochondrial and Lysosomal Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050452. [PMID: 31091796 PMCID: PMC6563092 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between lysosomes and mitochondria plays a central role in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Lysosomal function may be influenced by mitochondrial quality control, dynamics and/or respiration, but whether dysfunction of endocytic or autophagic pathway is associated with mitochondrial impairment determining accumulation of defective mitochondria, is not yet understood. Here, we performed live imaging, western blotting analysis, sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity assay on primary fibroblasts from a young patient affected by PD, her mother and a healthy control to analyze the occurrence of mtDNA mutations, lysosomal abundance, acidification and function, mitochondrial biogenesis activation and senescence. We showed synergistic alterations in lysosomal functions and mitochondrial biogenesis, likely associated with a mitochondrial genetic defect, with a consequent block of mitochondrial turnover and occurrence of premature cellular senescence in PARK2-PD fibroblasts, suggesting that these alterations represent potential mechanisms contributing to the loss of dopaminergic neurons.
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19
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Pal A, Pal A, Banerjee S, Batabyal S, Chatterjee PN. Mutation in Cytochrome B gene causes debility and adverse effects on health of sheep. Mitochondrion 2019; 46:393-404. [PMID: 30660753 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome B is the mitochondrial protein, which functions as part of the electron transport chain and is the main subunit of transmembrane cytochrome bc1 and b6f complexes affecting energy metabolism through oxidative phosphorylation. The present study was conducted to study the effect of mutation of Cytochrome B gene on the health condition of sheep, which the first report of association of mitochondrial gene with disease traits in livestock species. Non-synonymous substitutions (F33 L and D171N) and Indel mutations were observed for Cytochrome B gene, leading to a truncated protein, where anemia, malfunctioning of most of the vital organs as liver, kidney and mineral status was observed and debility with exercise intolerance and cardiomyopathy in extreme cases were depicted. These findings were confirmed by bioinformatics analysis, haematological and biochemical data analysis, and other phenotypical physiological data pertaining to different vital organs. The molecular mechanism of cytochrome B mutation was that the mutant variant interferes with the site of heme binding (iron containing) domain and calcium binding essential for electron transport chain. Mutation at amino acid site 33 is located within transmembrane helix A, a hydrophobic environment at the Qi site and close to heme binding domain, and mutation effects these domain and diseases occur. Thermodynamic stability was also observed to decrease in mutant variant. Sheep Cytochrome B being genetically more similar to the human, it may be used as a model for studying human diseases related to cytochrome B defects. Future prospect of the study includes the therapeutic application of recombinant protein, gene therapy and marker-assisted selection of disease-resistant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Pal
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K.B.Sarani, Kolkata-37, West Bengal, India.
| | - Abantika Pal
- Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Samiddha Banerjee
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K.B.Sarani, Kolkata-37, West Bengal, India
| | - S Batabyal
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K.B.Sarani, Kolkata-37, West Bengal, India
| | - P N Chatterjee
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K.B.Sarani, Kolkata-37, West Bengal, India
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20
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Pradhan M, Pal A, Samanta AK, Banerjee S, Samanta R. Mutations in cytochrome B gene effects female reproduction of Ghungroo pig. Theriogenology 2018; 119:121-130. [PMID: 30006127 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome B is an important polypeptide of the mitochondria helpful in energy metabolism through oxidative phosphorylation. Cytochrome B plays an immense role in the reproduction of animals and due to its mutation prone nature, it can affect the basic physiology of animals. Cytochrome B affects reproductive system in males and equally plays an important role in transferring and providing energy in the development of the embryo, zygote, and oocytes precisely in females. The present study was conducted on Ghungroo pig to study their molecular and reproductive traits and the effect of the cytochrome B gene in the female reproduction of the Ghungroo pig. Although studies are available for cytochrome B gene analysis for evolutionary studies through phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report for the study of Cytochrome B gene on reproduction in pigs. Cytochrome B gene was sequenced and seven SNPs were observed out of which three were non-synonymous. INDEL mutation was detected in Variant B which had lead to Frame Shift mutation resulting in a stop codon AGA. The effect in the reproductive traits of the sow was studied due to the occurrence of nucleotide substitution. Bioinformatics analysis (I-mutant, PROVEAN, and SIFT) had revealed that the mutations were deleterious for the mutant type. Mutation leading to alterations in post-translational modification sites as phosphorylation site, leucine-rich nuclear export signal, occurrence of transmembrane helices, arginine and lysine peptide cleavage site for the mutant variant had resulted in a reduced physiological response. 3 D protein structure, (predicted through bioinformatics analysis) for cytochrome B has revealed distinct structural differences in mutated form with truncated protein by RMSD analysis through TM-Align software. Associated studies of genotype variants with reproductive traits have revealed the significant effect of variants of cytochrome B gene on reproductive traits namely litter size at first, second and third furrowing, piglet mortality, age at first furrowing and furrowing interval. Mitochondrial gene as Cytochrome B variants might be used as a marker for studying female reproduction of Ghungroo sow in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Pradhan
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata-37, West Bengal, India
| | - Aruna Pal
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata-37, West Bengal, India.
| | - A K Samanta
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata-37, West Bengal, India
| | - Samiddha Banerjee
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata-37, West Bengal, India
| | - R Samanta
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata-37, West Bengal, India
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21
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Kretzschmar C, Roolf C, Timmer K, Sekora A, Knübel G, Murua Escobar H, Fuellen G, Ibrahim SM, Tiedge M, Baltrusch S, Jaster R, Köhling R, Junghanss C. Polymorphisms of the murine mitochondrial ND4, CYTB and COX3 genes impact hematopoiesis during aging. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74460-74472. [PMID: 27626489 PMCID: PMC5342679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can accumulate mutations leading to increasing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased ROS were described to activate formerly quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Mutations in mtDNA were shown to enhance the risk for myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia. However, the complex relationship between mtDNA variations, ROS and aging of the hematopoietic system is not fully understood. Herein, three mouse strains with mtDNA polymorphisms in genes of respiratory chain complexes I (ND4), III (CYTB) and IV (COX3) were compared to a reference strain during aging. Analysis focused on ROS and ATP levels, bone marrow composition and blood counts. Additionally, hematopoietic restoration capacity following cytotoxic stress was tested. Mice with polymorphisms in ND4 and CYTB gene had significantly decreasing ROS levels in bone marrow cells during aging, without effecting ATP levels. In addition, the frequency of stem and progenitor cells increased during aging but the amount of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood decreased during aging. In summary, the presence of mtDNA polymorphisms affecting the respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV was associated with altered ROS levels as well as changes in BM and peripheral blood composition during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Kretzschmar
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Catrin Roolf
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katrin Timmer
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Sekora
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gudrun Knübel
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Tiedge
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simone Baltrusch
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Jaster
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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22
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Combined Respiratory Chain Deficiency and UQCC2 Mutations in Neonatal Encephalomyopathy: Defective Supercomplex Assembly in Complex III Deficiencies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7202589. [PMID: 28804536 PMCID: PMC5540226 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7202589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate respiratory chain complex III consists of eleven subunits. Mutations in five subunits either mitochondrial (MT-CYB) or nuclear (CYC1, UQCRC2, UQCRB, and UQCRQ) encoded have been reported. Defects in five further factors for assembly (TTC19, UQCC2, and UQCC3) or iron-sulphur cluster loading (BCS1L and LYRM7) cause complex III deficiency. Here, we report a second patient with UQCC2 deficiency. This girl was born prematurely; pregnancy was complicated by intrauterine growth retardation and oligohydramnios. She presented with respiratory distress syndrome, developed epileptic seizures progressing to status epilepticus, and died at day 33. She had profound lactic acidosis and elevated urinary pyruvate. Exome sequencing revealed two homozygous missense variants in UQCC2, leading to a severe reduction of UQCC2 protein. Deficiency of complexes I and III was found enzymatically and on the protein level. A review of the literature on genetically distinct complex III defects revealed that, except TTC19 deficiency, the biochemical pattern was very often a combined respiratory chain deficiency. Besides complex III, typically, complex I was decreased, in some cases complex IV. In accordance with previous observations, the presence of assembled complex III is required for the stability or assembly of complexes I and IV, which might be related to respirasome/supercomplex formation.
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23
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Rieger B, Shalaeva DN, Söhnel AC, Kohl W, Duwe P, Mulkidjanian AY, Busch KB. Lifetime imaging of GFP at CoxVIIIa reports respiratory supercomplex assembly in live cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46055. [PMID: 28383048 PMCID: PMC5382582 DOI: 10.1038/srep46055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of respiratory complexes into macromolecular supercomplexes is currently a hot topic, especially in the context of newly available structural details. However, most work to date has been done with purified detergent-solubilized material and in situ confirmation is absent. We here set out to enable the recording of respiratory supercomplex formation in living cells. Fluorescent sensor proteins were placed at specific positions at cytochrome c oxidase suspected to either be at the surface of a CI1CIII2CIV1 supercomplex or buried within this supercomplex. In contrast to other loci, sensors at subunits CoxVIIIa and CoxVIIc reported a dense protein environment, as detected by significantly shortened fluorescence lifetimes. According to 3D modelling CoxVIIIa and CoxVIIc are buried in the CI1CIII2CIV1 supercomplex. Suppression of supercomplex scaffold proteins HIGD2A and CoxVIIa2l was accompanied by an increase in the lifetime of the CoxVIIIa-sensor in line with release of CIV from supercomplexes. Strikingly, our data provide strong evidence for defined stable supercomplex configuration in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Rieger
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Biology, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Mitochondrial Dynamics Group, School of Biology, University of Osnabrueck, D-49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Daria N Shalaeva
- School of Physics, University of Osnabrueck, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Anna-Carina Söhnel
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Biology, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Mitochondrial Dynamics Group, School of Biology, University of Osnabrueck, D-49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Wladislaw Kohl
- Mitochondrial Dynamics Group, School of Biology, University of Osnabrueck, D-49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Patrick Duwe
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Biology, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armen Y Mulkidjanian
- School of Physics, University of Osnabrueck, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany.,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Biology, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Mitochondrial Dynamics Group, School of Biology, University of Osnabrueck, D-49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
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24
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Etzler JC, Bollo M, Holstein D, Deng JJ, Perez V, Lin DT, Richardson A, Bai Y, Lechleiter JD. Cyclophilin D over-expression increases mitochondrial complex III activity and accelerates supercomplex formation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 613:61-68. [PMID: 27916505 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CyPD), a mitochondrial matrix protein, has been widely studied for its role in mitochondrial-mediated cell death. Unexpectedly, we previously discovered that overexpression of CyPD in a stable cell line, increased mitochondrial membrane potentials and enhanced cell survival under conditions of oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms responsible for these findings. Spectrophotometric measurements in isolated mitochondria revealed that overexpression of CyPD in HEK293 cells increased respiratory chain activity, but only for Complex III (CIII). Acute treatment of mitochondria with the immumosupressant cyclosporine A did not affect CIII activity. Expression levels of the CIII subunits cytochrome b and Rieske-FeS were elevated in HEK293 cells overexpressing CyPD. However, CIII activity was still significantly higher compared to control mitochondria, even when normalized by protein expression. Blue native gel electrophoresis and Western blot assays revealed a molecular interaction of CyPD with CIII and increased levels of supercomplexes in mitochondrial protein extracts. Radiolabeled protein synthesis in mitochondria showed that CIII assembly and formation of supercomplexes containing CIII were significantly faster when CyPD was overexpressed. Taken together, these data indicate that CyPD regulates mitochondrial metabolism, and likely cell survival, by promoting more efficient electrons flow through the respiratory chain via increased supercomplex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Etzler
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Mariana Bollo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5016, Argentina
| | - Deborah Holstein
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Janice Jianhong Deng
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Viviana Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 73104, USA
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yidong Bai
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - James D Lechleiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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25
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Sun Z, Lan X, Ahsan A, Xi Y, Liu S, Zhang Z, Chu P, Song Y, Piao F, Peng J, Lin Y, Han G, Tang Z. Phosphocreatine protects against LPS-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Apoptosis 2016; 21:283-97. [PMID: 26708229 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphocreatine (PCr) is an exogenous energy substance, which provides phosphate groups for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) cycle and promotes energy metabolism in cells. However, it is still unclear whether PCr has influenced on mitochondrial energy metabolism as well as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHO) in previous studies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the regulation of PCr on lipopolsaccharide (LPS)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mitochondrial OXPHO pathway. PCr protected HUVECs against LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing the mitochondrial permeability transition, cytosolic release of cytochrome c (Cyt C), Ca(2+), reactive oxygen species and subsequent activation of caspases, and increasing Bcl2 expression, while suppressing Bax expression. More importantly, PCr significantly improved mitochondrial swelling and membrane potential, enhanced the activities of ATP synthase and mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKmt) in creatine shuttle, influenced on respiratory chain enzymes, respiratory control ratio, phosphorus/oxygen ratio and ATP production of OXPHO. Above PCr-mediated mitochondrial events were effectively more favorable to reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2) pathway than reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotid pathway in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Our results revealed that PCr protects against LPS-induced HUVECs apoptosis, which probably related to stabilization of intracellular energy metabolism, especially for FADH2 pathway in mitochondrial respiratory chain, ATP synthase and CKmt. Our findings suggest that PCr may play a certain role in the treatment of atherosclerosis via protecting endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China.,Pharmacy Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lan
- Neurology Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Anil Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yalin Xi
- Pharmacy Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zonghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Peng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yushu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Fengyuan Piao
- Public Health Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Guozhu Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China.
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26
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Ng YS, Feeney C, Schaefer AM, Holmes CE, Hynd P, Alston CL, Grady JP, Roberts M, Maguire M, Bright A, Taylor RW, Yiannakou Y, McFarland R, Turnbull DM, Gorman GS. Pseudo-obstruction, stroke, and mitochondrial dysfunction: A lethal combination. Ann Neurol 2016; 80:686-692. [PMID: 27453452 PMCID: PMC5215534 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The m.3243A>G MTTL1 mutation is the most common cause of mitochondrial disease; yet there is limited awareness of intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO) in this disorder. We aimed to determine the prevalence, severity, and clinical outcome of patients with m.3243A>G-related mitochondrial disease manifesting with IPO. METHODS In this large, observational cohort study, we assessed the clinical, molecular, and radiological characteristics of patients with genetically determined m.3243A>G-related mitochondrial disease, who presented with severe symptoms suggestive of bowel obstruction in the absence of an occluding lesion. RESULTS Between January 2009 and June 2015, 226 patients harbouring the m.3243A>G mutation were recruited to the Medical Research Council Centre Mitochondrial Disease Patient Cohort, Newcastle. Thirty patients (13%) presented acutely with IPO. Thirteen of these patients had a preceding history of stroke-like episodes, whereas 1 presented 27 years previously with their first stroke-like episode. Eight patients developed IPO concomitantly during an acute stroke-like episode. Regression analysis suggested stroke was the strongest predictor for development of IPO, in addition to cardiomyopathy, low body mass index and high urinary mutation load. Poor clinical outcome was observed in 6 patients who underwent surgical procedures. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest, in this common mitochondrial disease, that IPO is an under-recognized, often misdiagnosed clinical entity. Poor clinical outcome associated with stroke and acute surgical intervention highlights the importance of the neurologist having a high index of suspicion, particularly in the acute setting, to instigate timely coordination of appropriate care and management with other specialists. Ann Neurol 2016;80:686-692.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Feeney
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Schaefer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Ellen Holmes
- Department of Radiology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Hynd
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John P Grady
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Roberts
- The Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Mellisa Maguire
- Department of Neurology, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Bright
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Yiannakou
- Department of Gastroenterology, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gráinne S Gorman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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27
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Avcilar T, Kirac D, Ergec D, Koc G, Ulucan K, Kaya Z, Kaspar EC, Turkeri L, Guney AI. Investigation of the association between mitochondrial DNA and p53 gene mutations in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2872-2879. [PMID: 27698873 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract. The major aim of the present study is to investigate the association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and p53 gene mutations in bladder carcinoma. A total of 30 patients with transitional cell carcinoma and 27 controls were recruited for the study. Bladder cancer tissues were obtained by radical cystectomy or transurethral resection. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. mtDNA and p53 genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced directly. A total of 37 polymorphisms were identified, among which, 2 mutations were significant in the patient group, and 1 mutation was significant in the control group. Additionally, 5 different moderate positive correlations between mtDNA mutations and 3 different positive correlations between p53 gene and mtDNA mutations were detected. The high incidence of mtDNA and p53 gene mutations in bladder cancer suggests that these genes could be important in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Avcilar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34890, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kirac
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ergec
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34890, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Koc
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul 34295, Turkey
| | - Korkut Ulucan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Zehra Kaya
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van 65080, Turkey
| | - Elif Cigdem Kaspar
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Levent Turkeri
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34890, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ilter Guney
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34890, Turkey
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28
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Sallevelt SCEH, de Die-Smulders CEM, Hendrickx ATM, Hellebrekers DMEI, de Coo IFM, Alston CL, Knowles C, Taylor RW, McFarland R, Smeets HJM. De novo mtDNA point mutations are common and have a low recurrence risk. J Med Genet 2016; 54:73-83. [PMID: 27450679 PMCID: PMC5502310 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe, disease-causing germline mitochondrial (mt)DNA mutations are maternally inherited or arise de novo. Strategies to prevent transmission are generally available, but depend on recurrence risks, ranging from high/unpredictable for many familial mtDNA point mutations to very low for sporadic, large-scale single mtDNA deletions. Comprehensive data are lacking for de novo mtDNA point mutations, often leading to misconceptions and incorrect counselling regarding recurrence risk and reproductive options. We aim to study the relevance and recurrence risk of apparently de novo mtDNA point mutations. Methods Systematic study of prenatal diagnosis (PND) and recurrence of mtDNA point mutations in families with de novo cases, including new and published data. ‘De novo’ based on the absence of the mutation in multiple (postmitotic) maternal tissues is preferred, but mutations absent in maternal blood only were also included. Results In our series of 105 index patients (33 children and 72 adults) with (likely) pathogenic mtDNA point mutations, the de novo frequency was 24.6%, the majority being paediatric. PND was performed in subsequent pregnancies of mothers of four de novo cases. A fifth mother opted for preimplantation genetic diagnosis because of a coexisting Mendelian genetic disorder. The mtDNA mutation was absent in all four prenatal samples and all 11 oocytes/embryos tested. A literature survey revealed 137 de novo cases, but PND was only performed for 9 (including 1 unpublished) mothers. In one, recurrence occurred in two subsequent pregnancies, presumably due to germline mosaicism. Conclusions De novo mtDNA point mutations are a common cause of mtDNA disease. Recurrence risk is low. This is relevant for genetic counselling, particularly for reproductive options. PND can be offered for reassurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine E M de Die-Smulders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra T M Hendrickx
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby M E I Hellebrekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Irenaeus F M de Coo
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Charlotte Knowles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Cardiovascular Diseases in Maastricht, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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29
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Biolistic Transformation for Delivering DNA into the Mitochondria. Fungal Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10142-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Carossa V, Ghelli A, Tropeano CV, Valentino ML, Iommarini L, Maresca A, Caporali L, La Morgia C, Liguori R, Barboni P, Carbonelli M, Rizzo G, Tonon C, Lodi R, Martinuzzi A, De Nardo V, Rugolo M, Ferretti L, Gandini F, Pala M, Achilli A, Olivieri A, Torroni A, Carelli V. A novel in-frame 18-bp microdeletion in MT-CYB causes a multisystem disorder with prominent exercise intolerance. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:954-8. [PMID: 24863938 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) microdeletion affecting the cytochrome b gene (MT-CYB) was identified in an Italian female patient with a multisystem disease characterized by sensorineural deafness, cataracts, retinal pigmentary dystrophy, dysphagia, postural and gait instability, and myopathy with prominent exercise intolerance. The deletion is 18-base pair long and encompasses nucleotide positions 15,649-15,666, causing the loss of six amino acids (Ile-Leu-Ala-Met-Ile-Pro) in the protein, but leaving the remaining of the MT-CYB sequence in frame. The defective complex III function was cotransferred with mutant mtDNA in cybrids, thus unequivocally establishing its pathogenic role. Maternal relatives failed to show detectable levels of the deletion in blood and urinary epithelium, suggesting a de novo mutational event. This is the second report of an in-frame intragenic deletion in MT-CYB, which most likely occurred in early stages of embryonic development, associated with a severe multisystem disorder with prominent exercise intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Carossa
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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31
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Chen C, Hyun TK, Han X, Feng Z, Li Y, Liu X, Liu J. Coexpression within Integrated Mitochondrial Pathways Reveals Different Networks in Normal and Chemically Treated Transcriptomes. Int J Genomics 2014; 2014:452891. [PMID: 25089262 PMCID: PMC4095669 DOI: 10.1155/2014/452891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As energy producers, mitochondria play a pivotal role in multiple cellular processes. Although several lines of evidence suggest that differential expression of mitochondrial respiratory complexes (MRCs) has a significant impact on mitochondrial function, the role of integrated MRCs in the whole coexpression network has yet to be revealed. In this study, we construct coexpression networks based on microarray datasets from different tissues and chemical treatments to explore the role of integrated MRCs in the coexpression network and the effects of different chemicals on the mitochondrial network. By grouping MRCs as one seed target, the hypergeometric distribution allowed us to identify genes that are significantly coexpress with whole MRCs. Coexpression among 46 MRC genes (approximately 78% of MRC genes tested) was significant in the normal tissue transcriptome dataset. These MRC genes are coexpressed with genes involved in the categories "muscle system process," "metabolic process," and "neurodegenerative disease pathways," whereas, in the chemically treated tissues, coexpression of these genes mostly disappeared. These results indicate that chemical stimuli alter the normal coexpression network of MRC genes. Taken together, the datasets obtained from the different coexpression networks are informative about mitochondrial biogenesis and should contribute to understanding the side effects of drugs on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tae Kyung Hyun
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21-World Class University Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21-World Class University Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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32
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Pathological Mutations of the Mitochondrial Human Genome: the Instrumental Role of the Yeast S. cerevisiae. Diseases 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/diseases2010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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33
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Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes in Mitochondria. THE STRUCTURAL BASIS OF BIOLOGICAL ENERGY GENERATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8742-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Schoenfuss HL, Maie T, Moody KN, Lesteberg KE, Blob RW, Schoenfuss TC. Stairway to heaven: evaluating levels of biological organization correlated with the successful ascent of natural waterfalls in the Hawaiian stream goby Sicyopterus stimpsoni. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84851. [PMID: 24386424 PMCID: PMC3873996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective pressures generated by locomotor challenges act at the level of the individual. However, phenotypic variation among individuals that might convey a selective advantage may occur across any of multiple levels of biological organization. In this study, we test for differences in external morphology, muscle mechanical advantage, muscle fiber type and protein expression among individuals of the waterfall climbing Hawaiian fish Sicyopterus stimpsoni collected from sequential pools increasing in elevation within a single freshwater stream. Despite predictions from previous laboratory studies of morphological selection, few directional morphometric changes in body shape were observed at successively higher elevations. Similarly, lever arm ratios associated with the main pelvic sucker, central to climbing ability in this species, did not differ between elevations. However, among climbing muscles, the adductor pelvicus complex (largely responsible for generating pelvic suction during climbing) contained a significantly greater red muscle fiber content at upstream sites. A proteomic analysis of the adductor pelvicus revealed two-fold increases in expression levels for two respiratory chain proteins (NADH:ubiquinone reductase and cytochrome b) that are essential for aerobic respiration among individuals from successively higher elevations. Assessed collectively, these evaluations reveal phenotypic differences at some, but not all levels of biological organization that are likely the result of selective pressures experienced during climbing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko L. Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, Saint Cloud, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Takashi Maie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kristine N. Moody
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kelsey E. Lesteberg
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, Saint Cloud, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Richard W. Blob
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tonya C. Schoenfuss
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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35
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Bouchard C, Rankinen T, Timmons JA. Genomics and genetics in the biology of adaptation to exercise. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1603-48. [PMID: 23733655 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article is devoted to the role of genetic variation and gene-exercise interactions in the biology of adaptation to exercise. There is evidence from genetic epidemiology research that DNA sequence differences contribute to human variation in physical activity level, cardiorespiratory fitness in the untrained state, cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute exercise, and responsiveness to regular exercise. Methodological and technological advances have made it possible to undertake the molecular dissection of the genetic component of complex, multifactorial traits, such as those of interest to exercise biology, in terms of tissue expression profile, genes, and allelic variants. The evidence from animal models and human studies is considered. Data on candidate genes, genome-wide linkage results, genome-wide association findings, expression arrays, and combinations of these approaches are reviewed. Combining transcriptomic and genomic technologies has been shown to be more powerful as evidenced by the development of a recent molecular predictor of the ability to increase VO2max with exercise training. For exercise as a behavior and physiological fitness as a state to be major players in public health policies will require that the role of human individuality and the influence of DNA sequence differences be understood. Likewise, progress in the use of exercise in therapeutic medicine will depend to a large extent on our ability to identify the favorable responders for given physiological properties to a given exercise regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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Salsano E, Farina L, Lamperti C, Piscosquito G, Salerno F, Morandi L, Carrara F, Lamantea E, Zeviani M, Uziel G, Savoiardo M, Pareyson D. Adult-onset leukodystrophies from respiratory chain disorders: do they exist? J Neurol 2013; 260:1617-23. [PMID: 23358625 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-6844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory chain disorders (RCDs) have been included in the differential diagnosis of adult-onset leukodystrophies. Here, we first report a 32-year-old female with an atypical, adult-onset, non-syndromic RCD due to a mitochondrial DNA deletion and manifesting as complicated ataxia. A 'leukodystrophic' pattern was found on brain MRI, but it was neither isolated nor predominant because of the presence of overt basal ganglia and infratentorial lesions, which led us to the proper diagnosis. Subsequently, we evaluated our series of patients with RCDs in order to verify whether a 'leukodystrophic' pattern with little or no involvement of deep grey structures and brainstem may be found in adult-onset RCDs, as reported in children. Among 52 patients with adult-onset RCDs, no case with a 'leukodystrophic' pattern was found, apart from three cases with a classical phenotype of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy. In addition, no case of RCDs was found among six cases of adult-onset leukodystrophy of unknown origin and at least one feature suggestive of mitochondrial disease. The review of the literature was in agreement with these findings. Thus, we provide evidence that, unlike in children, RCDs should not be included in the differential diagnosis of adult-onset leukodystrophies, except when there are additional MRI findings or clinical features which unequivocally point towards a mitochondrial disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Salsano
- Unit of Neurology VIII, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Sobenin IA, Chistiakov DA, Sazonova MA, Ivanova MM, Bobryshev YV, Orekhov AN, Postnov AY. Association of the level of heteroplasmy of the 15059G>A mutation in the MT-CYB mitochondrial gene with essential hypertension. World J Cardiol 2013; 5:132-40. [PMID: 23710300 PMCID: PMC3663127 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v5.i5.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine whether the heteroplasmy level for 15059G>A mutation in the mitochondrial genome might be associated with essential hypertension. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 196 unrelated participants randomly selected from general population (90 males and 106 females) who underwent a regular medical check-up at the Institute for Atherosclerosis Research (Moscow, Russia). One hundred and twenty of them (61%) had essential hypertension, and 76 (39%) were apparently healthy normotensive persons. The level of heteroplasmy for 15059G>A mutation occurring in the coding region of cytochrome b gene (MT-CYB) of mtDNA isolated from the blood leukocytes, was quantified using DNA pyrosequencing method. RESULTS The 15059G>A heteroplasmy level ranged between 4% and 83%, with a median level of 31%. Between the upper and lower quartiles of 15059G>A heteroplasmy distribution, significant differences were observed for patients' age, systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride levels. 15059G>A heteroplasmy correlated both with age (r = 0.331, P < 0.001) and the presence of hypertension (r = 0.228, P = 0.002). Regression analysis revealed that the age explains 12% variability of 15059G>A heteroplasmy, and hypertension independently explains more 5% variability. The 15059G>A heteroplasmy exceeding 31% was found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of essential hypertension (odds ratio 2.76; P (Fisher) 0.019]. The study participants with high 15059G>A heteroplasmy level were found to have significantly higher age (P < 0.001) and the prevalence of essential hypertension (P = 0.033), as compared to those with low 15059G>A heteroplasmy level. These observations suggested a positive correlation between the level of 15059G>A heteroplasmy and essential hypertension. CONCLUSION This study provides the evidence of association of mtDNA 15059G>A mutation heteroplasmy with essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Sobenin
- Igor A Sobenin, Margarita A Sazonova, Anton Y Postnov, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, 121552 Moscow, Russia
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Hagen CM, Aidt FH, Havndrup O, Hedley PL, Jespersgaard C, Jensen M, Kanters JK, Moolman-Smook JC, Møller DV, Bundgaard H, Christiansen M. MT-CYB mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2013; 1:54-65. [PMID: 24498601 PMCID: PMC3893158 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a characteristic of heart failure. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA, particularly in MT-CYB coding for cytochrome B in complex III (CIII), have been associated with isolated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We hypothesized that MT-CYB mutations might play an important causal or modifying role in HCM. The MT-CYB gene was sequenced from DNA isolated from blood from 91 Danish HCM probands. Nonsynonymous variants were analyzed by bioinformatics, molecular modeling and simulation. Two germline-inherited, putative disease-causing, nonsynonymous variants: m.15024G>A; p.C93Y and m.15482T>C; p.S246P were identified. Modeling showed that the p.C93Y mutation leads to disruption of the tertiary structure of Cytb by helix displacement, interfering with protein–heme interaction. The p.S246P mutation induces a diproline structure, which alters local secondary structure and induces a kink in the protein backbone, interfering with macromolecular interactions. These molecular effects are compatible with a leaky phenotype, that is, limited but progressive mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, we find that rare, putative leaky mtDNA variants in MT-CYB can be identified in a cohort of HCM patients. We propose that further patients with HCM should be examined for mutations in MT-CYB in order to clarify the role of these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Hagen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology, and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen, Denmark ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik H Aidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology, and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen, Denmark ; Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Havndrup
- Department of Cardiology, Roskilde Sygehus Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Paula L Hedley
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology, and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen, Denmark ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cathrine Jespersgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology, and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Jensen
- Department of Medicine B, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Daniel V Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology, and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Medicine B, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology, and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ghelli A, Tropeano CV, Calvaruso MA, Marchesini A, Iommarini L, Porcelli AM, Zanna C, De Nardo V, Martinuzzi A, Wibrand F, Vissing J, Kurelac I, Gasparre G, Selamoglu N, Daldal F, Rugolo M. The cytochrome b p.278Y>C mutation causative of a multisystem disorder enhances superoxide production and alters supramolecular interactions of respiratory chain complexes. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:2141-51. [PMID: 23418307 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome b is the only mtDNA-encoded subunit of the mitochondrial complex III (CIII), the functional bottleneck of the respiratory chain. Previously, the human cytochrome b missense mutation m.15579A>G, which substitutes the Tyr 278 with Cys (p.278Y>C), was identified in a patient with severe exercise intolerance and multisystem manifestations. In this study, we characterized the biochemical properties of cybrids carrying this mutation and report that the homoplasmic p.278Y>C mutation caused a dramatic reduction in the CIII activity and in CIII-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis. However, the CI, CI + CIII and CII + CIII activities and the rate of ATP synthesis driven by the CI or CII substrate were only partially reduced or unaffected. Consistent with these findings, mutated cybrids maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential in the presence of oligomycin, indicating that it originated from the respiratory electron transport chain. The p.278Y>C mutation enhanced superoxide production, as indicated by direct measurements in mitochondria and by the imbalance of glutathione homeostasis in intact cybrids. Remarkably, although the assembly of CI or CIII was not affected, the examination of respiratory supercomplexes revealed that the amounts of CIII dimer and III2IV1 were reduced, whereas those of I1III2IVn slightly increased. We therefore suggest that the deleterious effects of p.278Y>C mutation on cytochrome b are palliated when CIII is assembled into the supercomplexes I1III2IVn, in contrast to when it is found alone. These findings underline the importance of supramolecular interactions between complexes for maintaining a basal respiratory chain activity and shed light to the molecular basis of disease manifestations associated with this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ghelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Universita` di Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna 40126, Italy
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Gasparre G, Porcelli AM, Lenaz G, Romeo G. Relevance of mitochondrial genetics and metabolism in cancer development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:5/2/a011411. [PMID: 23378588 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a011411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized in general by a decrease of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, together with a strong enhancement of glycolysis, the so-called Warburg effect. The decrease of mitochondrial activity in cancer cells may have multiple reasons, related either to the input of reducing equivalents to the electron transfer chain or to direct alterations of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes. In some cases, the depression of respiratory activity is clearly the consequence of disruptive mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and leads as a consequence to enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By acting both as mutagens and cellular mitogens, ROS may contribute directly to cancer progression. On the basis of our experimental evidence, we suggest a deep implication of the supercomplex organization of the respiratory chain as a missing link between oxidative stress, energy failure, and tumorigenesis. We speculate that under conditions of oxidative stress, a dissociation of mitochondrial supercomplexes occurs, with destabilization of complex I and secondary enhanced generation of ROS, thus leading to a vicious circle amplifying mitochondrial dysfunction. An excellent model to dissect the role of pathogenic, disassembling mtDNA mutations in tumor progression and their contribution to the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells (glycolysis vs. respiration) is provided by an often underdiagnosed subset of tumors, namely, the oncocytomas, characterized by disruptive mutations of mtDNA, especially of complex I subunits. Such mutations almost completely abolish complex I activity, which slows down the Krebs cycle, favoring a high ratio of α-ketoglutarate/succinate and consequent destabilization of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). On the other hand, if complex I is partially defective, the levels of NAD(+) may be sufficient to implement the Krebs cycle with higher levels of intermediates that stabilize HIF1α, thus favoring tumor malignancy. The threshold model we propose, based on the population-like dynamics of mitochondrial genetics (heteroplasmy vs. homoplasmy), implies that below threshold complex I is present and functioning correctly, thus favoring tumor growth, whereas above threshold, when complex I is not assembled, tumor growth is arrested. We have therefore termed "oncojanus" the mtDNA genes whose disruptive mutations have such a double-edged effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Bologna Medical School, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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41
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Emmanuele V, Sotiriou E, Gutierrez Rios P, Ganesh J, Ichord R, Foley AR, Akman HO, DiMauro S. A novel mutation in the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene (MTCYB) in a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes syndrome. J Child Neurol 2013; 28:236-42. [PMID: 22638077 PMCID: PMC3973035 DOI: 10.1177/0883073812445787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene (MTCYB) have been commonly associated with isolated mitochondrial myopathy and exercise intolerance, rarely with multisystem disorders, and only once with a parkinsonism/mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) overlap syndrome. Here, we describe a novel mutation (m.14864 T>C) in MTCYB in a 15-year-old girl with a clinical history of migraines, epilepsy, sensorimotor neuropathy, and strokelike episodes, a clinical picture reminiscent of MELAS. The mutation, which changes a highly conserved cysteine to arginine at amino acid position 40 of cytochrome b, was heteroplasmic in muscle, blood, fibroblasts, and urinary sediment from the patient but absent in accessible tissues from her asymptomatic mother. This case demonstrates that MTCYB must be included in the already long list of mitochondrial DNA genes that have been associated with the MELAS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Pediatric Clinic, University of Genoa, IRCCS G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Evangelia Sotiriou
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jaya Ganesh
- Section of Metabolic Disease, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Ichord
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A. Reghan Foley
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - H. Orhan Akman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salvatore DiMauro
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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42
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Meunier B, Fisher N, Ransac S, Mazat JP, Brasseur G. Respiratory complex III dysfunction in humans and the use of yeast as a model organism to study mitochondrial myopathy and associated diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1827:1346-61. [PMID: 23220121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The bc1 complex or complex III is a central component of the aerobic respiratory chain in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. It catalyzes the oxidation of quinols and the reduction of cytochrome c, establishing a proton motive force used to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the F1Fo ATP synthase. In eukaryotes, the complex III is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The genes coding for the complex III have a dual origin. While cytochrome b is encoded by the mitochondrial genome, all the other subunits are encoded by the nuclear genome. In this review, we compile an exhaustive list of the known human mutations and associated pathologies found in the mitochondrially-encoded cytochrome b gene as well as the fewer mutations in the nuclear genes coding for the complex III structural subunits and accessory proteins such as BCS1L involved in the assembly of the complex III. Due to the inherent difficulties of studying human biopsy material associated with complex III dysfunction, we also review the work that has been conducted to study the pathologies with the easy to handle eukaryotic microorganism, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Phenotypes, biochemical data and possible effects due to the mutations are also discussed in the context of the known three-dimensional structure of the eukaryotic complex III. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Respiratory complex III and related bc complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Meunier
- CNRS, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, UPR 3404, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91198, France
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43
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Hoefs SJ, Rodenburg RJ, Smeitink JA, van den Heuvel LP. Molecular base of biochemical complex I deficiency. Mitochondrion 2012; 12:520-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Nikitin AG, Lavrikova EY, Chistiakov DA. The heteroplasmic 15059G>A mutation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and essential hypertension in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2012; 6:150-156. [PMID: 23158979 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The long-term stress of high blood pressure levels increases the risk of a variety of macro- and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The etiology of essential hypertension (EH) has been explored in depth, but the pathophysiology is multifactorial, complex, and poorly understood. Recent findings showed a role of inherited mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in maternally inherited forms of hypertension. However, an impact of somatic mtDNA mutations in the development of EH is significantly less investigated. In this study, we examined whether the level of heteroplasmy for the 15059G>A mutation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene is associated with EH in T2D. PATIENTS AND METHODS The heteroplasmy level in mtDNA isolated from blood of 189 diabetic participants randomly selected from general population (124 of whom had EH) was quantified using a real-time PCR. RESULTS The 15059G>A heteroplasmy exceeding 39% was found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of EH (odds ratio 1.96; P (Fisher) 0.032). CONCLUSION There is the first evidence reporting association between the mtDNA 15059G>A mutation heteroplasmy and EH in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G Nikitin
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, National Research Center GosNIIgenetika, 117545 Moscow, Russia
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45
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Larosa V, Coosemans N, Motte P, Bonnefoy N, Remacle C. Reconstruction of a human mitochondrial complex I mutation in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:759-768. [PMID: 22268373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Defects in complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.5.3)) are the most frequent cause of human respiratory disorders. The pathogenicity of a given human mitochondrial mutation can be difficult to demonstrate because the mitochondrial genome harbors large numbers of polymorphic base changes that have no pathogenic significance. In addition, mitochondrial mutations are usually found in the heteroplasmic state, which may hide the biochemical effect of the mutation. We propose that the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas could be used to study such mutations because (i) respiratory complex-deficient mutants are viable and mitochondrial mutations are found in the homoplasmic state, (ii) transformation of the mitochondrial genome is feasible, and (iii) Chlamydomonas complex I is similar to that of humans. To illustrate this proposal, we introduced a Leu157Pro substitution into the Chlamydomonas ND4 subunit of complex I in two recipient strains by biolistic transformation, demonstrating that site-directed mutagenesis of the Chlamydomonas mitochondrial genome is possible. This substitution did not lead to any respiratory enzyme defects when present in the heteroplasmic state in a patient with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. When present in the homoplasmic state in the alga, the mutation does not prevent assembly of whole complex I (950 kDa) and the NADH dehydrogenase activity of the peripheral arm of the complex is mildly affected. However, the NADH:duroquinone oxidoreductase activity is strongly reduced, suggesting that the substitution could affect binding of ubiquinone to the membrane domain. The in vitro defects correlate with a decrease in dark respiration and growth rate in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Larosa
- Genetics of Microorganisms, Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
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46
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Hornig-Do HT, Tatsuta T, Buckermann A, Bust M, Kollberg G, Rötig A, Hellmich M, Nijtmans L, Wiesner RJ. Nonsense mutations in the COX1 subunit impair the stability of respiratory chain complexes rather than their assembly. EMBO J 2012; 31:1293-307. [PMID: 22252130 PMCID: PMC3297988 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory chain (RC) complexes are organized into supercomplexes forming 'respirasomes'. The mechanism underlying the interdependence of individual complexes is still unclear. Here, we show in human patient cells that the presence of a truncated COX1 subunit leads to destabilization of complex IV (CIV) and other RC complexes. Surprisingly, the truncated COX1 protein is integrated into subcomplexes, the holocomplex and even into supercomplexes, which however are all unstable. Depletion of the m-AAA protease AFG3L2 increases stability of the truncated COX1 and other mitochondrially encoded proteins, whereas overexpression of wild-type AFG3L2 decreases their stability. Both full-length and truncated COX1 proteins physically interact with AFG3L2. Expression of a dominant negative AFG3L2 variant also promotes stabilization of CIV proteins as well as the assembled complex and rescues the severe phenotype in heteroplasmic cells. Our data indicate that the mechanism underlying pathogenesis in these patients is the rapid clearance of unstable respiratory complexes by quality control pathways, rather than their impaired assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue-Tran Hornig-Do
- Institute for Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Takashi Tatsuta
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Buckermann
- Institute for Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Bust
- Institute for Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gittan Kollberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Agnes Rötig
- INSERM U781, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Leo Nijtmans
- Department of Pediatrics, Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Institute for Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
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47
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Lenaz G. Mitochondria and reactive oxygen species. Which role in physiology and pathology? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 942:93-136. [PMID: 22399420 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2869-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is among the major causes of toxicity due to interaction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) with cellular macromolecules and structures and interference with signal transduction pathways. The mitochondrial respiratory chain, specially from Complexes I and III, is considered the main origin of ROS particularly under conditions of high membrane potential, but several other sources may be important for ROS generation, such as mitochondrial p66(Shc), monoamine oxidase, α-ketoglutarate dehydogenase, besides redox cycling of redox-active molecules. ROS are able to oxidatively modify lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids in mitochondria and to activate/inactivate signalling pathways by oxidative modification of redox-active factors. Cells are endowed with several defence mechanisms including repair or removal of damaged molecules, and antioxidant systems, either enzymatic or non-enzymatic. Oxidative stress is at the basis of ageing and many pathological disorders, such as ischemic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer, although the underlying mechanisms are not always completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Lenaz
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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48
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Baharum SN, Nurdalila AA. Application of 16s rDNA and cytochrome b ribosomal markers in studies of lineage and fish populations structure of aquatic species. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5225-32. [PMID: 22167328 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The most economically important form of aquaculture is fish farming, which is an industry that accounts for an ever increasing share of world fishery production. Molecular markers can be used to enhance the productivity of the aquaculture and fish industries to meet the increasing demand. Molecular markers can be identified via a DNA test regardless of the developmental stage, age or environmental challenges experienced by the organism. The application of 16s and cytochrome b markers has enabled rapid progress in investigations of genetic variability and inbreeding, parentage assignments, species and strain identification and the construction of high resolution genetic linkage maps for aquaculture fisheries. In this review, the advantages of principles and potential power tools of 16s and cytochrome b markers are discussed. Main findings in term of trend, aspects and debates on the reviewed issue made from the model of aquatic species for the benefit of aquaculture genomics and aquaculture genetics research are discussed. The concepts in this review are illustrated with various research examples and results that relate theory to reality and provide a strong review of the current status of these biotechnology topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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49
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Genova ML, Lenaz G. New developments on the functions of coenzyme Q in mitochondria. Biofactors 2011; 37:330-54. [PMID: 21989973 DOI: 10.1002/biof.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The notion of a mobile pool of coenzyme Q (CoQ) in the lipid bilayer has changed with the discovery of respiratory supramolecular units, in particular the supercomplex comprising complexes I and III; in this model, the electron transfer is thought to be mediated by tunneling or microdiffusion, with a clear kinetic advantage on the transfer based on random collisions. The CoQ pool, however, has a fundamental function in establishing a dissociation equilibrium with bound quinone, besides being required for electron transfer from other dehydrogenases to complex III. The mechanism of CoQ reduction by complex I is analyzed regarding recent developments on the crystallographic structure of the enzyme, also in relation to the capacity of complex I to generate superoxide. Although the mechanism of the Q-cycle is well established for complex III, involvement of CoQ in proton translocation by complex I is still debated. Some additional roles of CoQ are also examined, such as the antioxidant effect of its reduced form and the capacity to bind the permeability transition pore and the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins. Finally, a working hypothesis is advanced on the establishment of a vicious circle of oxidative stress and supercomplex disorganization in pathological states, as in neurodegeneration and cancer.
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50
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Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases involve the dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. This group of diseases presents with heterogeneous clinical symptoms affecting mainly organs with high energy demands. Defects in the multimeric complexes comprising the OXPHOS system have a dual genetic origin, mitochondrial or nuclear DNA. Although many nuclear DNA mutations involve genes coding for subunits of the respiratory complexes, the majority of mutations found to date affect factors that do not form part of the final complexes. These assembly factors or chaperones have multiple functions ranging from cofactor insertion to proper assembly/stability of the complexes. Although significant progress has been made in the last few years in the discovery of new assembly factors, the function of many remains elusive. Here, we describe assembly factors or chaperones that are required for respiratory chain complex assembly and their clinical relevance.
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