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Yuan Z, Yang T, Xiong Q, Shi Y, Han X, Lin Y, Wambui NH, Liu Z, Wang Y, Liu H. PCAP-1a, an exopolysaccharide from Pectobacterium actinidiae, exerts the dual role of immunogenicity and virulence in plants. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121390. [PMID: 37940244 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense mechanisms begin with the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs). Several carbohydrates, such as chitin, were reported to induce plant defenses, acting as elicitors. Regrettably, the structures of polysaccharide elicitors have rarely been characterized, and their recognition receptors in plants remain unknown. In the present study, PCAP-1a, an exopolysaccharide (PCAP-1a) purified from Pectobacterium actinidiae, was characterized and found to induce rapid cell death of dicotyledons, acting as a polysaccharide elicitor to induce plant immunity. A series of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) responses were triggered, including reactive oxygen species production, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and gene transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, we confirmed that CERK1 is probably one of the immune coreceptors for plants to recognize PCAP-1a. Notably, PCAP-1a also promotes the infection caused by P. actinidiae. In conclusion, our study supports the potential of PCAP-1a as a toxin that plays a dual role of virulence and immune induction in pathogen-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tingmi Yang
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Specialty Commercial Crops in North Guangxi, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingping Xiong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Yuqi Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xixi Han
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Njoroge Hellen Wambui
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China.
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Braian C, Karlsson L, Das J, Lerm M. Selected β-Glucans Act as Immune-Training Agents by Improving Anti-Mycobacterial Activity in Human Macrophages: A Pilot Study. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:751-764. [PMID: 37734337 PMCID: PMC10616672 DOI: 10.1159/000533873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells by β-glucan in a process called trained immunity leads to an enhanced host response to a secondary infection. β-Glucans are structural components of plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria and thus recognized as non-self by human macrophages. We selected the β-glucan curdlan from Alcaligenes faecalis, WGP dispersible from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and β-glucan-rich culture supernatant of Alternaria and investigated whether they could produce trained immunity effects leading to an increased control of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We observed a significant M. tuberculosis growth reduction in macrophages trained with curdlan and Alternaria, which also correlated with increased IL-6 and IL-1β release. WGP dispersible-trained macrophages were stratified into "non-responders" and "responders," according to their ability to control M. tuberculosis, with "responders" producing higher IL-6 levels. The addition of neutrophils to infected macrophage cultures further enhanced macrophage control of virulent M. tuberculosis, but not in a stimuli-dependent manner. Pathway enrichment analysis of DNA methylome data also highlighted hypomethylation of genes in pathways associated with signaling and cellular reorganization and motility, and "responders" to WGP training were enriched in the interferon-gamma signaling pathway. This study adds evidence that certain β-glucans show promise as immune-training agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Braian
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,
| | - Lovisa Karlsson
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jyotirmoy Das
- Bioinformatics, Core Facility, Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Genomics Linköping, SciLife Laboratory, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Lerm
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, CBCS, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Hrip1 Induces Systemic Resistance against Bean Aphid (Megoura japonica Matsumura) in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061080. [PMID: 35744596 PMCID: PMC9227054 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging elicitor protein Hrip1 was evaluated for sublethal effects and biocontrol potential in the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris. In Megoura japonica Matsumura, purified elicitor protein Hrip1 was investigated for impacts on endurance, life expectancy, juvenile expansion, fully grown procreative performance, and pathogen–pest interface. The multi-acting entomopathogenic effects of the active compounds of Alternaria tenuissima active on Hrip1 in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants were also investigated. Megoura japonica population expansion was reduced by Hrip1 treatments (second and third generations). In a host selection test, control plants colonized quicker than Hrip1-treated P. vulgaris plants. Hrip1 influenced the longevity, development, and fertility of insects. Hrip1-elicitor protein concentrations aided M. japonica nymph development. Similarly, seedlings treated with Hrip1 generated fewer offspring than seedlings not treated with Hrip1. Hrip1 altered plant height and leaf surface structure, reducing M. japonica reproduction and colonization. Hrip1-treated P. vulgaris seedlings exhibited somewhat increased amounts of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene (ET). The integrated management of insect pests and biocontrol with Hrip1 in the agroecosystem appears to be suitable against M. japonica based on these findings.
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Gao M, Yang G, Li F, Wang Z, Hu X, Jiang Y, Yan J, Li Z, Zhan X. Efficient endo-β-1,3-glucanase expression in Pichia pastoris for co-culture with Agrobacterium sp. for direct curdlan oligosaccharide production. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1611-1617. [PMID: 34044029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The production of curdlan oligosaccharides, a multifunctional and valuable carbohydrate, by hydrolyzing polysaccharides is of great interest. The endo-β-1,3-glucanase derived from Trichoderma harzianum was expressed in Pichia pastoris with three commonly used promoters (AOX1, GAP and FLD1). The purified recombinant endo-β-1,3-glucanase expressed by Pichia pastoris with GAP promoter displayed high specific activity at pH 5.5 and 50 °C. Thereafter, a co-culture system of Pichia pastoris GS115 (GAP promoter) and Agrobacterium sp. was constructed in which Agrobacterium sp.-metabolized curdlan can be directly hydrolyzed by Pichia pastoris-secreted endo-β-1,3-glucanase to produce functional curdlan oligosaccharides. The co-culture conditions were optimized and the process was carried out in a 7-L bioreactor. The maximum yield of curdlan oligosaccharides reached 18.77 g/L with 3-10 degrees of polymerization. This study presents a novel and easy curdlan oligosaccharide production strategy that can replace traditional sophisticated production procedures and could potentially be implemented for production of other oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Guoshuai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Feifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zichao Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xiuyu Hu
- China Biotech Fermentation Industry Association, Beijing 100833, PR China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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Wu J, Yang R, Gao M, Zhang H, Zhan X. Synthesis of functional oligosaccharides and their derivatives through cocultivation and cellular NTP regeneration. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 115:35-63. [PMID: 34140133 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play an important role in the life cycle. Among them, functional oligosaccharides show a complex and diverse structures with unique physiological activities and biological functions. However, different preparation methods directly affect the structure, molecular weight, and other functions of oligosaccharides, as well as their application fields and manufacturing costs. In the preparation of β-1,3-glucan oligosaccharides (OBGs), water insolubility of β-1,3-glucans hampers the hydrolysis efficiency. The synthesis of some functional oligosaccharides requires the consumption of energy substrates, such as ATP, CTP, and uridine triphosphate, for sugar nucleotide synthesis, leading to increased capital costs. A more economical solution to solve energy supply is to adopt microbial cocultivation or cellular nucleoside triphosphate regeneration. This review focused on the sources, preparation methods, biological activities of OBG, and the cultivation methods and applications of microbial cocultivation and fermentation. We also reviewed the preparation methods of other functional oligosaccharides, such as sialylated oligosaccharides, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide, and α-galacto-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Maruyama S, Shibuya N, Kaku H, Desaki Y. Arabidopsis cell culture for comparable physiological and genetic studies. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1781384. [PMID: 32567456 PMCID: PMC8570761 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1781384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell cultures established from various plant species have been used for a range of physiological and biochemical studies. Homogeneity of cell types and size of clusters in the cell culture often gave a clearer and simpler results compared to those obtained with the whole plant. On the other hand, possible variability of physiological conditions and responsiveness to external stimuli between the cell lines could be problematic for comparative studies. Aiming at combining the usefulness of plant cell culture with the rich information and genetic resources of Arabidopsis, we systemically examined the methods/conditions to establish cell lines for comparative studies, which could be applicable to a variety of genetic resources. Arabidopsis cell lines thus established from the meristem of mature seeds showed reproducible and comparable MAMP responses such as ROS generation and defense-related gene expression. MAMP responses of the cultured cells showed the specificity depending on the presence/absence of the corresponding MAMP receptor. Pharmacological study with a protein kinase inhibitor, K252a, also showed the usefulness of the cell culture for such studies. These results indicated the usefulness of the method to establish Arabidopsis cell lines, which are useful for comparative studies between genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Maruyama
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hanae Kaku
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Desaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Multi-stage glucose/pachymaran co-feeding enhanced endo-β-1,3-glucanase production by Trichoderma harzianum via simultaneous increases in cell concentration and inductive effect. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1479-1486. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zheng F, Chen L, Zhang P, Zhou J, Lu X, Tian W. Carbohydrate polymers exhibit great potential as effective elicitors in organic agriculture: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 230:115637. [PMID: 31887887 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Some carbohydrate polymers, usually oligosaccharides or polysaccharides, have great potential as an elicitor of plant defense. However, due to the complexity and diversity of poly- and oligosaccharide structure, the molecular mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of carbohydrate elicitors are still not well understood, which hinders the application of carbohydrate elicitors in agriculture. This review introduces the mechanisms of carbohydrate elicitor perception and signaling in plants. The structure and activity relationships of main poly- and oligosaccharides studied for the control of plant diseases are discussed and summarized. Additionally, the effects of carbohydrate elicitors on the secondary metabolite production are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peifeng Zhang
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingqi Zhou
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Lu
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Tian
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Oluwakemi I, Takahashi C, Siripongvu S. Enhancing Secondary Metabolites (Emphasis on Phenolics and Antioxidants) in Plants through Elicitation and Metabolomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2018.411.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Signaling through plant lectins: modulation of plant immunity and beyond. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:217-233. [PMID: 29472368 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lectins constitute an abundant group of proteins that are present throughout the plant kingdom. Only recently, genome-wide screenings have unraveled the multitude of different lectin sequences within one plant species. It appears that plants employ a plurality of lectins, though relatively few lectins have already been studied and functionally characterized. Therefore, it is very likely that the full potential of lectin genes in plants is underrated. This review summarizes the knowledge of plasma membrane-bound lectins in different biological processes (such as recognition of pathogen-derived molecules and symbiosis) and illustrates the significance of soluble intracellular lectins and how they can contribute to plant signaling. Altogether, the family of plant lectins is highly complex with an enormous diversity in biochemical properties and activities.
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Dalio RJD, Magalhães DM, Rodrigues CM, Arena GD, Oliveira TS, Souza-Neto RR, Picchi SC, Martins PMM, Santos PJC, Maximo HJ, Pacheco IS, De Souza AA, Machado MA. PAMPs, PRRs, effectors and R-genes associated with citrus-pathogen interactions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:749-774. [PMID: 28065920 PMCID: PMC5571375 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent application of molecular-based technologies has considerably advanced our understanding of complex processes in plant-pathogen interactions and their key components such as PAMPs, PRRs, effectors and R-genes. To develop novel control strategies for disease prevention in citrus, it is essential to expand and consolidate our knowledge of the molecular interaction of citrus plants with their pathogens. SCOPE This review provides an overview of our understanding of citrus plant immunity, focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions with viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and vectors related to the following diseases: tristeza, psorosis, citrus variegated chlorosis, citrus canker, huanglongbing, brown spot, post-bloom, anthracnose, gummosis and citrus root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo J. D. Dalio
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo M. Magalhães
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina M. Rodrigues
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriella D. Arena
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago S. Oliveira
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo R. Souza-Neto
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Simone C. Picchi
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Paula M. M. Martins
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo J. C. Santos
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Heros J. Maximo
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Inaiara S. Pacheco
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra A. De Souza
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Machado
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
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Oliveira-Garcia E, Deising HB. Attenuation of PAMP-triggered immunity in maize requires down-regulation of the key β-1,6-glucan synthesis genes KRE5 and KRE6 in biotrophic hyphae of Colletotrichum graminicola. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:355-75. [PMID: 27144995 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In plants, pathogen defense is initiated by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via plasma membrane-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Fungal structural cell wall polymers such as branched β-glucans are essential for infection structure rigidity and pathogenicity, but at the same time represent PAMPs. Kre5 and Kre6 are key enzymes in β-1,6-glucan synthesis and formation of branch points of the β-glucan network. In spite of the importance of branched β-glucan for hyphal rigidity and plant-fungus interactions, neither the role of KRE5 and KRE6 in pathogenesis nor mechanisms allowing circumventing branched β-glucan-triggered immune responses are known. We functionally characterized KRE5 and KRE6 of the ascomycete Colletotrichum graminicola, a hemibiotroph that infects maize (Zea mays). After appressorial plant invasion, this fungus sequentially differentiates biotrophic and highly destructive necrotrophic hyphae. RNAi-mediated reduction of KRE5 and KRE6 transcript abundance caused appressoria to burst and swelling of necrotrophic hyphae, indicating that β-1,6-glucosidic bonds are essential in these cells. Live cell imaging employing KRE5:mCherry and KRE6:mCherry knock-in strains and probing of infection structures with a YFP-conjugated β-1,6-glucan-binding protein showed expression of these genes and exposure of β-1,6-glucan in conidia, appressoria and necrotrophic, but not in biotrophic hyphae. Overexpression of KRE5 and KRE6 in biotrophic hyphae led to activation of broad-spectrum plant defense responses, including papilla and H2 O2 formation, as well as transcriptional activation of several defense-related genes. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that down-regulation of synthesis and avoidance of exposure of branched β-1,3-β-1,6-glucan in biotrophic hyphae is required for attenuation of plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ely Oliveira-Garcia
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3., D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Holger B Deising
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3., D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Nutzpflanzenforschung, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3., D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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Melcher RLJ, Moerschbacher BM. An improved microtiter plate assay to monitor the oxidative burst in monocot and dicot plant cell suspension cultures. PLANT METHODS 2016; 12:5. [PMID: 26819624 PMCID: PMC4729151 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-016-0110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A screening method for elicitor and priming agents does not only allow detecting new bioactive substances, it can also be used to understand structure-function relationships of known agents by testing different derivatives of them. This can not only provide new lead compounds for the development of novel, more environment-benign, bio-based agro-chemicals, it may eventually also lead to a better understanding of defense mechanisms in plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are sensitive indicators of these mechanisms but current assay formats are not suitable for multiplex screening, in particularly not in the case of monocot systems. RESULTS Here we describe continuous monitoring of ROS in 96-well microtiter plates using the chemiluminescent probe L012, a luminol derivative producing chemiluminescence when oxidised by ROS like hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, or hydroxyl radical that can thus be used as an indicator for these ROS. We were able to measure ROS in both monocot (Oryza sativa) and dicot (Medicago truncatula) cell suspension cultures and record dose dependencies for the carbohydrate elicitors and priming agents ulvan and chitosan at low substrate concentrations (0.3-2.5 µg/ml). The method was optimized in terms of cell density, L012 concentration, and pre-incubation time. In contrast to the single peak observed using a cuvette luminometer, the improved method revealed a double burst in both cell systems during the 90-min measuring period, probably due to the detection of multiple ROS rather than only H2O2. CONCLUSION We provide a medium throughput screening method for monocot and dicot suspension-cultured cells that enables direct comparison of monocot and dicot plant systems regarding their reaction to different signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. J. Melcher
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Bruno M. Moerschbacher
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
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14
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Du N, Tian W, Zheng D, Zhang X, Qin P. Extraction, purification and elicitor activities of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum indicum. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:347-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Anusuya S, Sathiyabama M. Protection of turmeric plants from rhizome rot disease under field conditions by β-d-glucan nanoparticle. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 77:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Burketova L, Trda L, Ott PG, Valentova O. Bio-based resistance inducers for sustainable plant protection against pathogens. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:994-1004. [PMID: 25617476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An increasing demand for environmentally acceptable alternative for traditional pesticides provides an impetus to conceive new bio-based strategies in crop protection. Employing induced resistance is one such strategy, consisting of boosting the natural plant immunity. Upon infections, plants defend themselves by activating their immune mechanisms. These are initiated after the recognition of an invading pathogen via the microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) or other microbe-derived molecules. Triggered responses inhibit pathogen spread from the infected site. Systemic signal transport even enables to prepare, i.e. prime, distal uninfected tissues for more rapid and enhanced response upon the consequent pathogen attack. Similar defense mechanisms can be triggered by purified MAMPs, pathogen-derived molecules, signal molecules involved in plant resistance to pathogens, such as salicylic and jasmonic acid, or a wide range of other chemical compounds. Induced resistance can be also conferred by plant-associated microorganisms, including beneficial bacteria or fungi. Treatment with resistance inducers or beneficial microorganisms provides long-lasting resistance for plants to a wide range of pathogens. This study surveys current knowledge on resistance and its mechanisms provided by microbe-, algae- and plant-derived elicitors in different crops. The main scope deals with bacterial substances and fungus-derived molecules chitin and chitosan and algae elicitors, including naturally sulphated polysaccharides such as ulvans, fucans or carageenans. Recent advances in the utilization of this strategy in practical crop protection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Burketova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Prague 6-Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Trda
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Prague 6-Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Peter G Ott
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Otto Str. 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olga Valentova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Molecular design and synthesis of novel salicyl glycoconjugates as elicitors against plant diseases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108338. [PMID: 25259805 PMCID: PMC4178153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of salicyl glycoconjugates containing hydrazide and hydrazone moieties were designed and synthesized. The bioassay indicated that the novel compounds had no in vitro fungicidal activity but showed significant in vivo antifungal activity against the tested fungal pathogens. Some compounds even had superior activity than the commercial fungicides in greenhouse trial. The results of RT-PCR analysis showed that the designed salicyl glycoconjugates could induce the expression of LOX1 and Cs-AOS2, which are the specific marker genes of jasmonate signaling pathway, to trigger the plant defense resistance.
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Kim PD, Šašek V, Burketová L, Čopíková J, Synytsya A, Jindřichová B, Valentová O. Cell wall components of Leptosphaeria maculans enhance resistance of Brassica napus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5207-5214. [PMID: 23638999 DOI: 10.1021/jf401221v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Preparations with elicitation activity were obtained from the mycelium of Leptosphaeria maculans , a fungal pathogen of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Crude delipidated and deproteinized extract from fungal cell walls induced expression of pathogenesis related gene 1 (PR1), hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and enhanced resistance of B. napus plants toward infection by L. maculans. Elicitation activity significantly decreased after treatment of a crude extract with α- or β-glucanase. Monosaccharide composition analysis of a crude extract purified by ion-exchange chromatography revealed glucose (∼58 mol %), mannose (∼22 mol %), and galactose (∼18 mol %) as the major sugars. FT-IR and NMR spectra confirmed the presence of both carbohydrate and polypeptide components in the purified product. Correlation NMR experiments defined trisaccharide bound to O-3 of serine residue α-D-Glcp-(1→2)-β-D-Galf-(1→6)-α-D-Manp-(1→3)-L-Ser. Terminal α-D-Glcp and (1→6)-β-D-glucan were also detected. The obtained results strongly support the conclusion that these carbohydrates induce defense response in B. napus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Dinh Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and ‡Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague , Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Lou J, Fu L, Peng Y, Zhou L. Metabolites from Alternaria fungi and their bioactivities. Molecules 2013; 18:5891-935. [PMID: 23698046 PMCID: PMC6270608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria is a cosmopolitan fungal genus widely distributing in soil and organic matter. It includes saprophytic, endophytic and pathogenic species. At least 268 metabolites from Alternaria fungi have been reported in the past few decades. They mainly include nitrogen-containing metabolites, steroids, terpenoids, pyranones, quinones, and phenolics. This review aims to briefly summarize the structurally different metabolites produced by Alternaria fungi, as well as their occurrences, biological activities and functions. Some considerations related to synthesis, biosynthesis, production and applications of the metabolites from Alternaria fungi are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ligang Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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20
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Kulye M, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Yang X, Qiu D. Hrip1, a novel protein elicitor from necrotrophic fungus, Alternaria tenuissima, elicits cell death, expression of defence-related genes and systemic acquired resistance in tobacco. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:2104-20. [PMID: 22591019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the identification, purification, characterization and gene cloning of a novel hypersensitive response inducing protein secreted by necrotrophic fungus, Alternaria tenuissima, designated as hypersensitive response inducing protein 1 (Hrip1). The protein caused the formation of necrotic lesions that mimic a typical hypersensitive response and apoptosis-related events including DNA laddering. The protein-encoding gene was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA is 495 bp in length and the open reading frame (ORF) encodes for a polypeptide of 163 amino acids with theoretical pI of 5.50 and molecular weight of 17 562.5 Da. Hrip1 induced calcium influx, medium alkalinization, activation of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase and several defence-related genes after infiltration in tobacco leaves. Cellular damage, restricted to the infiltrated zone, occurred only several hours later, at a time when expression of defence-related genes was activated. After several days, systemic acquired resistance was also induced. The tobacco plant cells that perceived the Hrip1 generated a cascade of signals acting at local, short, and long distances, and caused the coordinated expression of specific defence responses in a way similar to hypersensitivity to tobacco mosaic virus. Thus, Hrip1 represents a powerful tool to investigate further the signals and their transduction pathways involved in induced disease resistance in necrotrophic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kulye
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
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21
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Guo M, Chen K, Zhang P. Transcriptome profile analysis of resistance induced by burdock fructooligosaccharide in tobacco. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1511-9. [PMID: 22921678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Burdock fructooligosaccharide (BFO), isolated from the roots of Arcitum lappa, is a novel potential elicitor. Previous studies have shown that BFO induces various defense responses in plants. However, little is known about the mechanism of BFO induced plant responses. The transcriptome profiles in tobacco leaves after treatment with BFO or distilled water were analyzed using Solexa technology. The profiling analysis revealed numerous changes in gene expression after BFO treatment, which resulted in the up-regulation of 169 genes and the down-regulation of 243 genes. The data were confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in stress responses, defense responses, biosynthetic processes, hormone responses, RNA biosynthetic processes, signaling pathways and other processes. The results of this study suggested two important concepts. First, the differential expression of genes involved in plant hormone signaling pathways are related to defense, especially salicylic acid-mediated pathways, such as the genes encoding pathogen related proteins, WRKY transcription factors, Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited protein, SA-activated MAP kinase, jasmonic acid/ethylene-related genes encoding jasmonate ZIM-domain protein and ethylene-responsive transcription factor, gibberellin-related genes encoding flowering promoting factor-like 1 and GA-insensitive dwarf 2, and abscisic acid related gene encoding ABA 8'-hydroxylase CYP707A, indicated that plant hormones and their crosstalk might play a critical role in the defense response to BFO treatment in tobacco. Second, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were increased after BFO treatment including epiaristolochene synthase and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, which serve as attractants in defense against pathogens and herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Guo
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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22
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Shinya T, Motoyama N, Ikeda A, Wada M, Kamiya K, Hayafune M, Kaku H, Shibuya N. Functional characterization of CEBiP and CERK1 homologs in arabidopsis and rice reveals the presence of different chitin receptor systems in plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:1696-706. [PMID: 22891159 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is a representative microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecule for various fungi and induces immune responses in many plant species. It has been clarified that the chitin signaling in rice requires a receptor kinase OsCERK1 and a receptor-like protein (Os)CEBiP, which specifically binds chitin oligosaccharides. On the other hand, Arabidopsis requires a receptor kinase (At)CERK1 for chitin signaling but it is not clear whether the plant also requires a CEBiP-like molecule for chitin perception/signaling. To clarify the similarity/difference of the chitin receptor in these two model plants, we first characterized CEBiP homologs in Arabidopsis. Only one of three CEBiP homologs, AtCEBiP (LYM2), showed a high-affinity binding for chitin oligosaccharides similar to rice CEBiP. AtCEBiP also represented the major chitin-binding protein in the Arabidopsis membrane. However, the single/triple knockout (KO) mutants of Arabidopsis CEBiP homologs and the overexpressor of AtCEBiP showed chitin-induced defense responses similar to wild-type Arabidopsis, indicating that AtCEBiP is biochemically functional as a chitin-binding protein but does not contribute to signaling. Studies of the chitin binding properties of the ectodomains of At/OsCERK1 and the chimeric receptors consisting of ecto/cytosolic domains of these molecules indicated that AtCERK1 is sufficient for chitin perception by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Shinya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571 Japan
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23
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Fu Y, Yin H, Wang W, Wang M, Zhang H, Zhao X, Du Y. β-1,3-Glucan with different degree of polymerization induced different defense responses in tobacco. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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25
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Tanaka S, Ichikawa A, Yamada K, Tsuji G, Nishiuchi T, Mori M, Koga H, Nishizawa Y, O'Connell R, Kubo Y. HvCEBiP, a gene homologous to rice chitin receptor CEBiP, contributes to basal resistance of barley to Magnaporthe oryzae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:288. [PMID: 21190588 PMCID: PMC3020183 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice CEBiP recognizes chitin oligosaccharides on the fungal cell surface or released into the plant apoplast, leading to the expression of plant disease resistance against fungal infection. However, it has not yet been reported whether CEBiP is actually required for restricting the growth of fungal pathogens. Here we evaluated the involvement of a putative chitin receptor gene in the basal resistance of barley to the ssd1 mutant of Magnaporthe oryzae, which induces multiple host defense responses. RESULTS The mossd1 mutant showed attenuated pathogenicity on barley and appressorial penetration was restricted by the formation of callose papillae at attempted entry sites. When conidial suspensions of mossd1 mutant were spotted onto the leaves of HvCEBiP-silenced plants, small brown necrotic flecks or blast lesions were produced but these lesions did not expand beyond the inoculation site. Wild-type M. oryzae also produced slightly more severe symptoms on the leaves of HvCEBiP-silenced plants. Cytological observation revealed that these lesions resulted from appressorium-mediated penetration into plant epidermal cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HvCEBiP is involved in basal resistance against appressorium-mediated infection and that basal resistance might be triggered by the recognition of chitin oligosaccharides derived from M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology. Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Akari Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Kaori Yamada
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Gento Tsuji
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Masashi Mori
- Department of Bioproduction Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Department of Bioproduction Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Richard O'Connell
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Yasuyuki Kubo
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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Shinya T, Osada T, Desaki Y, Hatamoto M, Yamanaka Y, Hirano H, Takai R, Che FS, Kaku H, Shibuya N. Characterization of receptor proteins using affinity cross-linking with biotinylated ligands. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:262-270. [PMID: 20032208 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The plant genome encodes a wide range of receptor-like proteins but the function of most of these proteins is unknown. We propose the use of affinity cross-linking of biotinylated ligands for a ligand-based survey of the corresponding receptor molecules. Biotinylated ligands not only enable the analysis of receptor-ligand interactions without the use of radioactive compounds but also the isolation and identification of receptor molecules by a simple affinity trapping method. We successfully applied this method for the characterization, isolation and identification of the chitin elicitor binding protein (CEBiP). A biocytin hydrazide conjugate of N-acetylchitooctaose (GN8-Bio) was synthesized and used for the detection of CEBiP in the plasma or microsomal membrane preparations from rice and carrot cells. Binding characteristics of CEBiP analyzed by inhibition studies were in good agreement with the previous results obtained with the use of a radiolabeled ligand. The biotin-tagged CEBiP could be purified by avidin affinity chromatography and identified by LC-MALDI-MS/MS after tryptic digestion. We also used this method to detect OsFLS2, a rice receptor-like kinase for the perception of the peptide elicitor flg22, in membrane preparations from rice cells overexpressing OsFLS2. This work demonstrates the applicability of this method to the purification and identification of plant receptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Shinya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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27
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Silipo A, Erbs G, Shinya T, Dow JM, Parrilli M, Lanzetta R, Shibuya N, Newman MA, Molinaro A. Glyco-conjugates as elicitors or suppressors of plant innate immunity. Glycobiology 2009; 20:406-19. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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28
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Shinya T, Gális I, Narisawa T, Sasaki M, Fukuda H, Matsuoka H, Saito M, Matsuoka K. Comprehensive analysis of glucan elicitor-regulated gene expression in tobacco BY-2 cells reveals a novel MYB transcription factor involved in the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 48:1404-13. [PMID: 17761750 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcm115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a beta-1,3-, 1,6-oligoglucan (AaGlucan) from the fungus Alternaria alternata 102 shows strong elicitor activity in tobacco BY-2 cells. We have used cDNA microarray analysis to monitor global changes in gene expression in tobacco cells treated with this A. alternata fraction or with laminarin. In total, we identified 265 genes that were induced 1 h after treatment with an AaGlucan-enriched fraction or laminarin. Among them, we characterized in detail a novel tobacco R2R3 MYB-type transcription factor homolog (NtMYBGR1) and two DC1 domain-containing genes (NtDC1A and NtDC1B). Microarray data, together with overexpression and metabolic analyses, indicated that NtMYBGR1, but not the NtDC1 proteins, primarily targets the phenylpropanoid synthesis-related genes PAL and 4CL. These results suggest that NtMYBGR1 specifically regulates defense responses in BY-2 cells by enhancing phenylpropanoid metabolism in response to AaGlucan and laminarin elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Shinya
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588 Japan.
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29
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Shinya T, Hanai K, Gális I, Suzuki K, Matsuoka K, Matsuoka H, Saito M. Characterization of NtChitIV, a class IV chitinase induced by beta-1,3-, 1,6-glucan elicitor from Alternaria alternata 102: Antagonistic effect of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate on the induction of NtChitIV. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 353:311-7. [PMID: 17178105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco BY-2 class IV chitinases (TBC-1, TBC-3) were rapidly and transiently induced by the beta-1,3-, 1,6-glucan elicitor from Alternaria alternata 102 (AaGlucan). The full-length cDNA and 5'-flanking region of a gene encoding class IV chitinases were isolated on the basis of the amino acid sequence of TBC-1. Sequence analysis indicated that NtChitIV encoded TBC-1, TBC-3, or both. Since purified TBC-1 and TBC-3 from BY-2 cells lack a chitin binding domain in the N-terminal region, these enzymes suggested to be derived from NtChitIV by post-translational proteolytic processing. The transcripts of NtChitIV accumulated rapidly within 1h after treatment with AaGlucan. Accumulation was maximal 3h after treatment. Reporter gene assays were used to analyze the promoter regions involved in the transcriptional control of NtChitIV, and these assays revealed that the 1.89-kb NtChitIV promoter was activated by AaGlucan but not by salicylic acid (SA) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The AaGlucan-induced transcriptional activation via 1.89-kb NtChitIV promoter was attenuated by pretreatment with SA or MeJA. These results suggest that NtChitIV expression is particularly induced by AaGlucan and that the AaGlucan-dependent signaling pathway is different from the SA- and MeJA-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Shinya
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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30
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Sexton AC, Howlett BJ. Parallels in fungal pathogenesis on plant and animal hosts. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2006; 5:1941-9. [PMID: 17041185 PMCID: PMC1694825 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00277-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne C Sexton
- School of Botany, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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