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Jayathilake AG, Luwor RB, Nurgali K, Su XQ. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with the Inhibitory Role of Long Chain n-3 PUFA in Colorectal Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241243024. [PMID: 38708673 PMCID: PMC11072084 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241243024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Multiple evidence suggests that there is an association between excess fat consumption and the risk of CRC. The long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential for human health, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that these fatty acids can prevent CRC development through various molecular mechanisms. These include the modulation of arachidonic acid (AA) derived prostaglandin synthesis, alteration of growth signaling pathways, arrest of the cell cycle, induction of cell apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis and modulation of inflammatory response. Human clinical studies found that LC n-3 PUFA combined with chemotherapeutic agents can improve the efficacy of treatment and reduce the dosage of chemotherapy and associated side effects. In this review, we discuss comprehensively the anti-cancer effects of LC n-3 PUFA on CRC, with a main focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodney Brain Luwor
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Muscular Skeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiao Qun Su
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Pettersen CHH, Samdal H, Sætrom P, Wibe A, Hermansen E, Schønberg SA. The Salmon Oil OmeGo Reduces Viability of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Potentiates the Anti-Cancer Effect of 5-FU. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:636. [PMID: 38132957 PMCID: PMC10744414 DOI: 10.3390/md21120636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer types worldwide. Chemotherapy is toxic to normal cells, and combinatory treatment with natural well-tolerated products is being explored. Some omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and marine fish oils have anti-cancer effects on CRC cells. The salmon oil OmeGo (Hofseth BioCare) contains a spectrum of fatty acids, including the n-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosahexaenoic acid (EPA). We explored a potential anti-cancer effect of OmeGo on the four CRC cell lines DLD-1, HCT-8, LS411N, and LS513, alone and in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Screening indicated a time- and dose-dependent effect of OmeGo on the viability of the DLD-1 and LS513 CRC cell lines. Treatment with 5-FU and OmeGo (IC20-IC30) alone indicated a significant reduction in viability. A combinatory treatment with OmeGo and 5-FU resulted in a further reduction in viability in DLD-1 and LS513 cells. Treatment of CRC cells with DHA + EPA in a concentration corresponding to the content in OmeGo alone or combined with 5-FU significantly reduced viability of all four CRC cell lines tested. The lowest concentration of OmeGo reduced viability to a higher degree both alone and in combination with 5-FU compared to the corresponding concentrations of DHA + EPA in three of the cell lines. Results suggest that a combination of OmeGo and 5-FU could have a potential as an alternative anti-cancer therapy for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H. H. Pettersen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (H.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
- Hofseth BioCare, Kipervikgata 13, 6003 Ålesund, Norway;
| | - Helle Samdal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (H.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (H.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Bioinformatics Core Facility—BioCore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7006 Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Wibe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (H.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Svanhild A. Schønberg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (H.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.S.)
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Al Hargan A, Daghestani MH, Harrath AH. Alterations in APC, BECN1, and TP53 gene expression levels in colon cancer cells caused by monosodium glutamate. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246970. [PMID: 34909835 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with high incidence worldwide. As of 2018, it is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of this disease has been increasing in the younger population. Both genetic and lifestyle factors may have contributed to its increased incidence and pathogenesis. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food flavor enhancer that can be found in many commercial foods, and it can sometimes be used as a substitute to table salt. MSG has been investigated for its possible genotoxicity, yielding controversial results. In the present study, the effect of MSG on cell viability and its effect on expression of APC, BECN1, and TP53 genes in SW620 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines were studied. TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene that functions in modifying DNA errors and/or inducing apoptosis of damaged cells, and both APC and BECN1 genes are involved in CRC and are of importance in cellular growth and metastasis. Cancer cell viability was analyzed using MTT assay, and the results showed a significant increase in the number of viable cells after 24 h of treatment with MSG with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 10, 50, and 100mM). Moreover, gene expression results showed a significant increase in the expression levels of APC and BECN1 under specified conditions in both cell lines; conversely, TP53 showed a significant decrease in expression in SW620 cells. Thus, it can be concluded that MSG possibly confers a pro-proliferative effect on CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al Hargan
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Centre for Scientific and Medical Female Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M H Daghestani
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Centre for Scientific and Medical Female Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A H Harrath
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Centre for Scientific and Medical Female Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Varela-López A, Vera-Ramírez L, Giampieri F, Navarro-Hortal MD, Forbes-Hernández TY, Battino M, Quiles JL. The central role of mitochondria in the relationship between dietary lipids and cancer progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 73:86-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Story MJ. Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D: An essential combination for prevention and treatment of cancers. Biochimie 2020; 181:100-122. [PMID: 33307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D are essential nutrients for health, maturation and general wellbeing. Extensive literature searches have revealed the widespread similarity in molecular biological properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D, and their similar anti-cancer properties, even though they have different modes of action. These three nutrients are separately essential for good health, especially in the aged. Zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are inexpensive and safe as they are fundamentally natural and have the properties of correcting and inhibiting undesirable actions without disturbing the normal functions of cells or their extracellular environment. This review of the anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is made in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. The anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D can therefore be used beneficially through combined treatment or supplementation. It is proposed that sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is a necessary requirement during chemotherapy treatment and that clinical trials can have questionable integrity if this sufficiency is not checked and maintained during efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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Kim Y, Kim J. Intake or Blood Levels of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 29:288-299. [PMID: 31767566 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous results of the association between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and colorectal cancer were inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. METHODS The PubMed and Embase databases were searched through July 10, 2019, followed by a manual search. A random-effects model was used. RESULTS Twenty prospective studies, including 18,102 cases and 1,360,046 participants, were included. The pooled RR of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest category of n-3 PUFA intake was 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90-1.04]. Regarding the type of n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intakes were inversely associated with 11% (RR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.99) and 12% (RR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.96) lower colorectal cancer risks, respectively, in the comparison of the highest versus lowest category. Increments of 0.1 g/day of EPA (RR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98) and DHA (RR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99) intakes were associated with a lower colorectal cancer risk. Regarding the blood levels of n-3 PUFAs, the pooled RR of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest category of blood levels of n-3 PUFAs was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.64-0.98). The risk of colorectal cancer decreased by 4% for every 1% increase in blood n-3 PUFA levels (RR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-1.00). CONCLUSIONS High blood n-3 PUFA levels are inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk, and high n-3 PUFA intake is suggestively associated with lower colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT Our findings suggest that high blood n-3 PUFA levels may be associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngyo Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
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Functional link between plasma membrane spatiotemporal dynamics, cancer biology, and dietary membrane-altering agents. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:519-544. [PMID: 29860560 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cell plasma membrane serves as a nexus integrating extra- and intracellular components, which together enable many of the fundamental cellular signaling processes that sustain life. In order to perform this key function, plasma membrane components assemble into well-defined domains exhibiting distinct biochemical and biophysical properties that modulate various signaling events. Dysregulation of these highly dynamic membrane domains can promote oncogenic signaling. Recently, it has been demonstrated that select membrane-targeted dietary bioactives (MTDBs) have the ability to remodel plasma membrane domains and subsequently reduce cancer risk. In this review, we focus on the importance of plasma membrane domain structural and signaling functionalities as well as how loss of membrane homeostasis can drive aberrant signaling. Additionally, we discuss the intricacies associated with the investigation of these membrane domain features and their associations with cancer biology. Lastly, we describe the current literature focusing on MTDBs, including mechanisms of chemoprevention and therapeutics in order to establish a functional link between these membrane-altering biomolecules, tuning of plasma membrane hierarchal organization, and their implications in cancer prevention.
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Gala de Pablo J, Chisholm DR, Steffen A, Nelson AK, Mahler C, Marder TB, Peyman SA, Girkin JM, Ambler CA, Whiting A, Evans SD. Tandem fluorescence and Raman (fluoRaman) characterisation of a novel photosensitiser in colorectal cancer cell line SW480. Analyst 2019; 143:6113-6120. [PMID: 30468234 PMCID: PMC6336151 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01461b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel photosensitiser, DC473, designed with solvatochromatic fluorescence and distinct Raman signal, is detected with tandem fluoRaman in SW480 cells.
The development of new imaging tools, molecules and modalities is crucial to understanding biological processes and the localised cellular impact of bioactive compounds. A small molecule photosensitiser, DC473, has been designed to be both highly fluorescent and to exhibit a strong Raman signal in the cell-silent region of the Raman spectrum due to a diphenylacetylene structure. DC473 has been utilised to perform a range of novel tandem fluorescence and Raman (fluoRaman) imaging experiments, enabling a thorough examination of the compound's cellular localisation, exemplified in colorectal cancer cells (SW480). This multifunctional fluoRaman imaging modality revealed the presence of the compound in lipid droplets and only a weak signal in the cytosol, by both Raman and fluorescence imaging. In addition, Raman microscopy detected the compound in a cell compartment we labelled as the nucleolus, whereas fluorescence microscopy did not detect the fluoRaman probe due to solvatochromatic effects in a local polar environment. This last finding was only possible with the use of tandem confocal Raman and fluorescence methods. By following the approach detailed herein, incorporation of strong Raman functional groups into fluorophores can enable a plethora of fluoRaman experiments, shedding further light on potential drug compound's cellular behaviour and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gala de Pablo
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Cheng X, Li J, Guo D. SCAP/SREBPs are Central Players in Lipid Metabolism and Novel Metabolic Targets in Cancer Therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2018; 18:484-493. [PMID: 29788888 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666180523104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming emerges as a new hallmark of malignancies. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), which are central players in lipid metabolism, are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound transcription factors that control the expression of genes important for lipid synthesis and uptake. Their transcriptional activation requires binding to SREBP cleavageactivating protein (SCAP) to translocate their inactive precursors from the ER to the Golgi to undergo cleavage and subsequent nucleus translocation of their NH2-terminal forms. Recent studies have revealed that SREBPs are markedly upregulated in human cancers, providing the mechanistic link between lipid metabolism alterations and malignancies. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SCAP or SREBPs significantly suppresses tumor growth in various cancer models, demonstrating that SCAP/SREBPs could serve as promising metabolic targets for cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating SCAP/SREBPs and lipid metabolism in malignancies, discuss new findings about SREBP trafficking, which requires SCAP N-glycosylation, and introduce a newly identified microRNA-29-mediated negative feedback regulation of the SCAP/SREBP pathway. Moreover, we will review recently developed inhibitors targeting the SCAP/SREBP pathway for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jianying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Zhu Q, Yang J, Zhu R, Jiang X, Li W, He S, Jin J. Dihydroceramide-desaturase-1-mediated caspase 9 activation through ceramide plays a pivotal role in palmitic acid-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis. Apoptosis 2018; 21:1033-44. [PMID: 27364952 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, results showed that the inhibition of PA-induced HepG2 cell growth takes place in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, that activation of caspase 9 is necessary for PA-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis, that dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DES1) plays a key role in PA-mediated caspase 9 and caspase 3 activation, and that palmitoleic acid (POA), an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid, reverses PA-induced apoptosis through DES1 → Ceramide → Caspase 9 → Caspase 3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210011, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongping Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Songqing He
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Marín de Mas I, Aguilar E, Zodda E, Balcells C, Marin S, Dallmann G, Thomson TM, Papp B, Cascante M. Model-driven discovery of long-chain fatty acid metabolic reprogramming in heterogeneous prostate cancer cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1005914. [PMID: 29293497 PMCID: PMC5766231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition promotes intra-tumoral heterogeneity, by enhancing tumor cell invasiveness and promoting drug resistance. We integrated transcriptomic data for two clonal subpopulations from a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) into a genome-scale metabolic network model to explore their metabolic differences and potential vulnerabilities. In this dual cell model, PC-3/S cells express Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition markers and display high invasiveness and low metastatic potential, while PC-3/M cells present the opposite phenotype and higher proliferative rate. Model-driven analysis and experimental validations unveiled a marked metabolic reprogramming in long-chain fatty acids metabolism. While PC-3/M cells showed an enhanced entry of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, PC-3/S cells used long-chain fatty acids as precursors of eicosanoid metabolism. We suggest that this metabolic reprogramming endows PC-3/M cells with augmented energy metabolism for fast proliferation and PC-3/S cells with increased eicosanoid production impacting angiogenesis, cell adhesion and invasion. PC-3/S metabolism also promotes the accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid with antiproliferative effects. The potential therapeutic significance of our model was supported by a differential sensitivity of PC-3/M cells to etomoxir, an inhibitor of long-chain fatty acid transport to the mitochondria. The coexistence within the same tumor of a variety of subpopulations, featuring different phenotypes (intra-tumoral heterogeneity) represents a challenge for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapies. In this work, we have explored the metabolic differences underlying tumor heterogeneity by building cell-type-specific genome-scale metabolic models that integrate transcriptome and metabolome data of two clonal subpopulations derived from the same prostate cancer cell line (PC-3). These subpopulations display either highly proliferative, cancer stem cell (PC-3/M) or highly invasive, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition-like phenotypes (PC-3/S). Our model-driven analysis and experimental validations have unveiled a differential utilization of the long-chain fatty acids pool in both subpopulations. More specifically, our findings show an enhanced entry of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria in PC-3/M cells, while in PC-3/S cells, long-chain fatty acids are used as precursors of eicosanoid metabolism. The different utilization of long-chain fatty acids between subpopulations endows PC-3/M cells with a highly proliferative phenotype while enhances PC-3/S invasive phenotype. The present work provides a tool to unveil key metabolic nodes associated with tumor heterogeneity and highlights potential subpopulation-specific targets with important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Marín de Mas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Esther Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erika Zodda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Barcelona Institute for Molecular Biology (IBMB), National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Balcells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Timothy M. Thomson
- Department of Cell Biology, Barcelona Institute for Molecular Biology (IBMB), National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Balázs Papp
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail: (BP); (MC)
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (BP); (MC)
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ω-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Sensitizing Agents and Multidrug Resistance Revertants in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122770. [PMID: 29261109 PMCID: PMC5751368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy efficacy is strictly limited by the resistance of cancer cells. The ω-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFAs) are considered chemosensitizing agents and revertants of multidrug resistance by pleiotropic, but not still well elucidated, mechanisms. Nowadays, it is accepted that alteration in gene expression, modulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, induction of apoptosis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation are involved in ω-3 LCPUFA chemosensitizing effects. A crucial mechanism in the control of cell drug uptake and efflux is related to ω-3 LCPUFA influence on membrane lipid composition. The incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid in the lipid rafts produces significant changes in their physical-chemical properties affecting content and functions of transmembrane proteins, such as growth factors, receptors and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Of note, ω-3 LCPUFAs often alter the lipid compositions more in chemoresistant cells than in chemosensitive cells, suggesting a potential adjuvant role in the treatment of drug resistant cancers.
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Tanaka A, Yamamoto A, Murota K, Tsujiuchi T, Iwamori M, Fukushima N. Polyunsaturated fatty acids induce ovarian cancer cell death through ROS-dependent MAP kinase activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:468-473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Brandão D, Ribeiro L. Dietary fatty acids modulation of human colon cancer cells: mechanisms and future perspectives. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:437-450. [PMID: 28984495 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1382456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and its pathogenesis is proven to be related with dietary patterns, namely dietary fatty acid (FA) intake. We reviewed the evidences regarding the effect of different dietary FAs on human CRC cell lines proliferation and apoptosis. Altogether, the results obtained from in vitro studies show that monounsaturated FAs lack evidence regarding both proliferation and apoptosis, whereas there is a consensus about the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, involving different intracellular targets, of n-3 polyunsaturated FAs, while n-6 series show a similar effect or no effects. The response to these dietary components depends on the cell type as well as the amount and duration of exposure. These results highlight the importance of identifying molecular targets for dietary components aiming to interfere with one of the main risk factors related with CRC incidence and prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brandão
- a Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education , Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - L Ribeiro
- a Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education , Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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15
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Hou TY, Davidson LA, Kim E, Fan YY, Fuentes NR, Triff K, Chapkin RS. Nutrient-Gene Interaction in Colon Cancer, from the Membrane to Cellular Physiology. Annu Rev Nutr 2017; 36:543-70. [PMID: 27431370 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer recently released an assessment classifying red and processed meat as "carcinogenic to humans" on the basis of the positive association between increased consumption and risk for colorectal cancer. Diet, however, can also decrease the risk for colorectal cancer and be used as a chemopreventive strategy. Bioactive dietary molecules, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, curcumin, and fermentable fiber, have been proposed to exert chemoprotective effects, and their molecular mechanisms have been the focus of research in the dietary/chemoprevention field. Using these bioactives as examples, this review surveys the proposed mechanisms by which they exert their effects, from the nucleus to the cellular membrane. In addition, we discuss emerging technologies involving the culturing of colonic organoids to study the physiological effects of dietary bioactives. Finally, we address future challenges to the field regarding the identification of additional molecular mechanisms and other bioactive dietary molecules that can be utilized in our fight to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Y Hou
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Natividad R Fuentes
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Karen Triff
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843;
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Sun H, Lv Q, Qiu C, Che X, Liu Z, Jiang J. Forkhead transcription factor 1 inhibits endometrial cancer cell proliferation via sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:731-737. [PMID: 28356952 PMCID: PMC5351304 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality associated with endometrial cancer (EC) has increased in recent years. Regarded as a tumor suppressor, forkhead transcription factor 1 (FOXO1) has various biological activities and participates in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and differentiation. Notably, FOXO1 also functions in the regulation of lipogenesis and energy metabolism. Lipogenesis is a feature of cancer and is upregulated in EC. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is a transcription factor that is also able to regulate lipogenesis. Increased expression of SREBP1 is directly correlated with malignant transformation of tumors. A previous study demonstrated that SREBP1 was highly expressed in EC and directly resulted in tumorigenesis. However, the association between FOXO1 and SREBP1 in EC is not clear. In the present study, lentiviruses overexpressing FOXO1 were used in cell transfection and transduction. Cell viability assays demonstrated that the overexpression of FOXO1 was able to suppress cell proliferation significantly in Ishikawa and AN3 CA cell lines. In addition, FOXO1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion ability in vitro. In xenograft models, overexpression of FOXO1 suppressed cell tumorigenesis, and western blot analysis demonstrated that SREBP1 expression was markedly reduced in the FOXO1-overexpressing cells. It may therefore be concluded that FOXO1 is able to inhibit the proliferative capacity of cells in vitro and in vivo, in addition to the migratory and invasive capacities in vitro by directly targeting SREBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hengzi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qingtao Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chunping Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Che
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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17
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Jayathilake AG, Senior PV, Su XQ. Krill oil extract suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:328. [PMID: 27576529 PMCID: PMC5004275 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. The current available treatments for CRC include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, surgery is only useful when the disease is diagnosed at the earlier stage. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are associated with numerous side effects that decrease the patients’ quality of life. Safer, effective alternatives, such as natural compounds, to chemotherapy are desirable. This study assessed the efficacy of free fatty acid (FFA) extract of krill oil on three human CRC cells lines. Methods HCT-15, SW-480 and Caco-2 cells were treated with the FFA extracts of krill oil and fish oil for 48 h while treatments with the bioactive omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) of these marine oils, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) in comparison with a n-6 PUFA, arachnoid acid (AA, C20:4n-6) were up to 72 h at the concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 μM. Effects of all the treatments on cell proliferation were assessed using a water-soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) assay kit at 24, 48 and 72 h. Effects of FFA extract of krill oil and EPA on apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined using commercial kits after 48 h of treatment. Results Krill oil extract inhibited cell proliferation of all three cell lines in the similar manner as fish oil extract. A significant cell apoptosis and increase in mitochondrial membrane potential were observed after the treatment with krill oil extract. EPA at the concentration of 200 μM reduced significantly the proliferation of HCT-15 and SW-480 at 24, 48 and 72 h. In addition, EPA treatment (100 and 200 μM) resulted in significant cell apoptosis in all three cell lines. No significant changes were observed after treatment with DHA and AA. Conclusions Our results indicate that the FFA extract of krill oil maybe an effective chemotherapeutic agent to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in CRC cells through its bioactive constitute EPA. Although the exact mechanism of the pro-apoptotic properties of krill oil extract is unclear, mitochondrial pathway seems to be implicated.
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18
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Ye K, Wu Y, Sun Y, Lin J, Xu J. TLR4 siRNA inhibits proliferation and invasion in colorectal cancer cells by downregulating ACAT1 expression. Life Sci 2016; 155:133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Hofmanová J, Slavík J, Ovesná P, Tylichová Z, Vondráček J, Straková N, Vaculová AH, Ciganek M, Kozubík A, Knopfová L, Šmarda J, Machala M. Dietary fatty acids specifically modulate phospholipid pattern in colon cells with distinct differentiation capacities. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1493-1508. [PMID: 26983609 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although beneficial effects of the dietary n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or butyrate in colon carcinogenesis have been implicated, the mechanisms of their action are not fully clear. Here, we investigated modulations of composition of individual phospholipid (PL) classes, with a particular emphasis on cardiolipins (CLs), in colon cells treated with DHA, sodium butyrate (NaBt), or their combination (DHA/NaBt), and we evaluated possible associations between lipid changes and cell fate after fatty acid treatment. METHODS In two distinct human colon cell models, foetal colon (FHC) and adenocarcinoma (HCT-116) cells, we compared patterns and composition of individual PL classes following the fatty acid treatment by HPLC-MS/MS. In parallel, we measured the parameters reflecting cell proliferation, differentiation and death. RESULTS In FHC cells, NaBt induced primarily differentiation, while co-treatment with DHA shifted their response towards cell death. In contrast, NaBt induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells, which was not further affected by DHA. DHA was incorporated in all main PL types, increasing their unsaturation, while NaBt did not additionally modulate these effects in either cell model. Nevertheless, we identified an unusually wide range of CL species to be highly increased by NaBt and particularly by DHA/NaBt, and these effects were more pronounced in HCT-116 cells. DHA and DHA/NaBt enhanced levels of high molecular weight and more unsaturated CL species, containing DHA, which was specific for either differentiation or apoptotic responses. CONCLUSIONS We identified a wide range of CL species in the colon cells which composition was significantly modified after DHA and NaBt treatment. These specific CL modulations might contribute to distinct cellular differentiation or apoptotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiřina Hofmanová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Slavík
- Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesná
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Tylichová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicol Straková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Knopfová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šmarda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Pettersen K, Monsen VT, Hakvåg Pettersen CH, Overland HB, Pettersen G, Samdal H, Tesfahun AN, Lundemo AG, Bjørkøy G, Schønberg SA. DHA-induced stress response in human colon cancer cells - Focus on oxidative stress and autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:158-72. [PMID: 26585906 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important constituents of the diet and health benefits of omega-3/n-3 PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) have been well documented in relation to several diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that n-3 PUFAs may have anticancer activity and improve the effect of conventional cancer therapy. The mechanisms behind these effects are still unclear and need to be elucidated. We have examined the DHA-induced stress response in two human colon cancer cell lines, SW620 and Caco-2. SW620 cells are growth-inhibited at early time points by DHA, while the growth of Caco-2 cells almost remains unaffected by the same treatment. Gene expression analysis of SW620 cells treated with DHA revealed changes at early time points; transcripts involved in oxidative stress and autophagy were among the first to be differentially expressed. We find that oxidative stress is induced in both cell lines, although at different time points and to different extent. DHA induced nuclear translocation of the oxidative stress sensor NFE2L2 in both cell lines, indicating an induction of an anti-oxidative response. However, vitamin E did not counteract ROS-production or the translocation of NFE2L2 to the nucleus. Neither vitamin E nor the antioxidants butylated hydoxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydoxytoluene (BHT) did affect the growth inhibition in SW620 cells after DHA-treatment. Also, siRNA-mediated down-regulation of NFE2L2 did not sensitize SW620 and Caco-2 cells to DHA. These results indicate that oxidative stress response is not the cause of DHA-induced cytotoxicity in SW620 cells. Using biochemical and imaging based functional assays, we found a low basal level of autophagy and no increase in autophagic flux after adding DHA to the SW620 cells. However, Caco-2 cells displayed a higher level of autophagy, both in the absence and presence of DHA. Inhibition of autophagy by siRNA mediated knock down of ATG5 and ATG7 sensitized both SW620 and Caco-2 cells to DHA. Stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin in SW620 and Caco-2 cells resulted in decreased DHA-sensitivity and inhibition of autophagy in Caco-2 cells by chloroquine resulted in increased DHA-sensitivity. These results suggest that autophagy is important for the DHA sensitivity of colon cancer cells and imply possible therapeutic effects of this fatty acid against cancer cells with low autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Pettersen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7006 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Technology, Erling Skjalgssons gt. 1, University College of Sør-Trøndelag, 7006 Trondheim, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vivi Talstad Monsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Caroline Hild Hakvåg Pettersen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hilde Bremseth Overland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7006 Trondheim, Norway; Central Norway Regional Health Authority, 7055 Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Grete Pettersen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helle Samdal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Almaz Nigatu Tesfahun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Gøril Lundemo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørkøy
- Department of Technology, Erling Skjalgssons gt. 1, University College of Sør-Trøndelag, 7006 Trondheim, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Svanhild A Schønberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7006 Trondheim, Norway.
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21
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Rosa A, Piras A, Nieddu M, Putzu D, Cesare Marincola F, Falchi AM. Mugil cephalus roe oil obtained by supercritical fluid extraction affects the lipid profile and viability in cancer HeLa and B16F10 cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:4092-103. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00914j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We explored the changes in viability and lipid profile occurring in cancer cells, melanoma cells (B16F10 cells) and cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa cells), when exposed to an n-3 PUFA-rich oil obtained by SFE-CO2 extraction from Mugil cephalus processed roe (bottarga).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - A. Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - M. Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - D. Putzu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - F. Cesare Marincola
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - A. M. Falchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
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22
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Kim N, Lee JO, Lee HJ, Kim HI, Kim JK, Lee YW, Lee SK, Kim SJ, Park SH, Kim HS. Endogenous Ligand for GPR120, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Exerts Benign Metabolic Effects on the Skeletal Muscles via AMP-activated Protein Kinase Pathway. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20438-47. [PMID: 26134561 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.657379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). However, the mechanisms underlying DHA action are poorly understood. In this study, DHA stimulated glucose uptake in the skeletal muscles in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. GPR120-mediated increase in intracellular Ca(2+) was critical for DHA-mediated AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake. In addition, DHA stimulated GLUT4 translocation AMPK-dependently. Inhibition of AMPK and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase blocked DHA-induced glucose uptake. DHA and GW9508, a GPR120 agonist, increased GPR120 expression. DHA-mediated glucose uptake was not observed in GPR120 knockdown conditions. DHA increased AMPK phosphorylation, glucose uptake, and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in primary cultured myoblasts. Taken together, these results indicated that the beneficial metabolic role of DHA was attributed to its ability to regulate glucose via the GPR120-mediated AMPK pathway in the skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Kim
- From the Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jung Ok Lee
- From the Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- From the Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Hyung Ip Kim
- From the Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Joong Kwan Kim
- From the Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Lee
- From the Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Lee
- From the Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- From the Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- From the Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- From the Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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23
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Chemoprotective epigenetic mechanisms in a colorectal cancer model: Modulation by n-3 PUFA in combination with fermentable fiber. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:11-20. [PMID: 25938013 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-014-0005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third major cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and women worldwide. The beneficial role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in preventing colon cancer is substantiated by experimental, epidemiological, and clinical data. From a mechanistic perspective, n-3 PUFA are pleiotropic and multifaceted with respect to their molecular mechanisms of action. For example, this class of dietary lipid uniquely modulates membrane and nuclear receptors, sensors/ion channels, and membrane structure/cytoskeletal function, thereby regulating signaling processes that influence patterns of gene expression and cell phenotype. In addition, n-3 PUFA can synergize with other potential chemoprotective agents known to reprogram the chromatin landscape, such as the fermentable fiber product, butyrate. Nutri-epigenomics is an emerging field of research that is focused on the interaction between nutrition and epigenetics. Epigenetics refers to a group of heterogeneous processes that regulate transcription without changing the DNA coding sequence, ranging from DNA methylation, to histone tail modifications and transcription factor activity. One implication of the nutri-epigenome is that it may be possible to reprogram epigenetic marks that are associated with increased disease risk by nutritional or lifestyle interventions. This review will focus on the nutri-epigenomic role of n-3 PUFA, particularly DHA, as well as the combinatorial effects of n-3 PUFA and fermentable fiber in relation to colon cancer.
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24
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Lee EJ, Yun UJ, Koo KH, Sung JY, Shim J, Ye SK, Hong KM, Kim YN. Down-regulation of lipid raft-associated onco-proteins via cholesterol-dependent lipid raft internalization in docosahexaenoic acid-induced apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1841:190-203. [PMID: 24120917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts, plasma membrane microdomains, are important for cell survival signaling and cholesterol is a critical lipid component for lipid raft integrity and function. DHA is known to have poor affinity for cholesterol and it influences lipid rafts. Here, we investigated a mechanism underlying the anti-cancer effects of DHA using a human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. We found that DHA decreased cell surface levels of lipid rafts via their internalization, which was partially reversed by cholesterol addition. With DHA treatment, caveolin-1, a marker for rafts, and EGFR were colocalized with LAMP-1, a lysosomal marker, in a cholesterol-dependent manner, indicating that DHA induces raft fusion with lysosomes. DHA not only displaced several raft-associated onco-proteins, including EGFR, Hsp90, Akt, and Src, from the rafts but also decreased total levels of those proteins via multiple pathways, including the proteasomal and lysosomal pathways, thereby decreasing their activities. Hsp90 overexpression maintained its client proteins, EGFR and Akt, and attenuated DHA-induced cell death. In addition, overexpression of Akt or constitutively active Akt attenuated DHA-induced apoptosis. All these data indicate that the anti-proliferative effect of DHA is mediated by targeting of lipid rafts via decreasing cell surface lipid rafts by their internalization, thereby decreasing raft-associated onco-proteins via proteasomal and lysosomal pathways and decreasing Hsp90 chaperone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Lee
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
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25
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Tan YZ, Huang WG, Chen FY, Li J, Zhou JY, Wang LJ, Chen L, Zhu HL. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids enhance the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil by inhibiting bcl-2 and mutant-p53. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Zong Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wen-Ge Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Feng-Ying Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jing-Ya Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Li Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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Choudhury S, Dyba M, Pan J, Roy R, Chung FL. Repair kinetics of acrolein- and (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-derived DNA adducts in human colon cell extracts. Mutat Res 2013; 751-752:15-23. [PMID: 24113140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Upon oxidation, PUFAs generate α,β-unsaturated aldehydes or enals, such as acrolein (Acr) and (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), which can form cyclic adducts of deoxyguanosine (Acr-dG and HNE-dG, respectively) in DNA. Both Acr-dG and HNE-dG adducts have been detected in human and animal tissues and are potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic. In vivo levels of Acr-dG in DNA are at least two orders of magnitude higher than those of HNE-dG. In addition to the facile reaction with Acr, the higher levels of Acr-dG than HNE-dG in vivo may be due to a lower rate of repair. Previous studies have shown that HNE-dG adducts are repaired by the NER pathway (Choudhury et al. [42]). We hypothesize that Acr-dG adducts are repaired at a slower rate than HNE-dG and that HNE-dG in DNA may influence the repair of Acr-dG. In this study, using a DNA repair synthesis assay and a LC-MS/MS method, we showed that Acr-dG in a plasmid DNA is repaired by NER proteins, but it is repaired at a much slower rate than HNE-dG in human colon cell extracts, and the slow repair of Acr-dG is likely due to poor recognition/excision of the lesions in DNA. Furthermore, using a plasmid DNA containing both adducts we found the repair of Acr-dG is significantly inhibited by HNE-dG, however, the repair of HNE-dG is not much affected by Acr-dG. This study demonstrates that the NER repair efficiencies of the two major structurally-related in vivo cyclic DNA adducts from lipid oxidation vary greatly. More importantly, the repair of Acr-dG can be significantly retarded by the presence of HNE-dG in DNA. Therefore, this study provides a mechanistic explanation for the higher levels of Acr-dG than HNE-dG observed in tissue DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Choudhury
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Rosa A, Scano P, Atzeri A, Deiana M, Falchi AM. Potential anti-tumor effects of Mugil cephalus processed roe extracts on colon cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:471-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Morin C, Rousseau É, Fortin S. Anti-proliferative effects of a new docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride in colorectal carcinoma cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:203-13. [PMID: 23932824 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been shown to inhibit the induction and progression of many tumor types. However, the anticancer effect of n-3 PUFA monoglyceride on colorectal cancer has yet to be assessed. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-tumorigenic effects of docosahexaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) monoglyceride (MAG-DPA) in colorectal carcinoma cells. Our results demonstrate that MAG-DHA, MAG-EPA and MAG-DPA all decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells, with MAG-DPA having the higher anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in vitro. In a HCT116 xenograft mouse model, oral administration of MAG-DPA significantly inhibited tumor growth. Furthermore, MAG-DPA treatments decreased NFκB activation leading to a reduction in Bcl-2, CyclinD1, c-myc, COX-2, MMP9 and VEGF expression levels in tumor tissue sections. Altogether, these data provide new evidence regarding the mode of action of MAG-DPA in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Morin
- SCF Pharma, Ste-Luce, QC, Canada G0K 1P0; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4.
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Wu D, Chen X, Cao F, Sun DW, He Y, Jiang Y. Comparison of Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques in Tandem with Multivariable Selection for Rapid Determination of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Fish Oil. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-013-1147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Jiang P, Gan M, Yen SHC. Dopamine prevents lipid peroxidation-induced accumulation of toxic α-synuclein oligomers by preserving autophagy-lysosomal function. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:81. [PMID: 23754979 PMCID: PMC3668273 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of Lewy bodies containing α-synuclein (α-syn), prominent loss of dopaminergic neurons and dopamine (DA) deficiency in substantia nigra and striatum are histopathological and biochemical hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that a critical pathogenic factor causing PD is enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which reacts readily with polyunsaturated fatty acids to cause lipid peroxidation (LPO). LPO products have been shown to facilitate assembly of toxic α-syn oligomers in in vitro studies. Since DA is prone to autoxidation and cause ROS, it has been suggested that interactions among DA, LPO, and α-syn play an important role in neuronal loss in PD. However, the exact mechanism(s) remains unclear. We addressed this issue using a neuronal cell model which inducibly expresses human wild-type α-syn by the tetracycline off (Tet-Off) mechanism and stably expresses high levels of DA transporter. Under retinoic acid elicited neuronal differentiation, cells with or without overexpressing α-syn and with or without exposure to LPO inducer-arachidonic acid (AA), plus 0-500 μM of DA were assessed for the levels of LPO, α-syn accumulation, cell viability, and autophagy. AA exposure elicited similar LPO levels in cells with and without α-syn overexpression, but significantly enhanced the accumulation of α-syn oligomers and monomers only in cultures with Tet-Off induction and decreased cell survival in a LPO-dependent manner. Surprisingly, DA at low concentrations (<50 μM) protected cells from AA cytotoxicity and α-syn accumulation. Such effects were attributed to the ability of DA to preserve autophagic-lysosomal function compromised by the AA exposure. At high concentrations (>100 μM), DA exposure enhanced the toxic effects of AA. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing biphasic effects of DA on neuronal survival and α-syn accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhou Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Jacksonville, FL, USA
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31
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Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation. Mol Clin Oncol 2013; 1:444-452. [PMID: 24649190 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil contains the marine ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The consumption of diets rich in these fatty acids is associated with a decreased incidence of prostate cancer. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the non-marine ω-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA). To study which ω-3 PUFAs are more effective in prostate cancer prevention, and whether the mechanisms of action are conserved between them, we investigated the effect of DHA, EPA and ALA on the human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP. Different trends of inhibition of PC-3 cell proliferation were observed for the three ω-3 PUFA, with DHA having the most pronounced effects on cell proliferation, while ALA had the minimum effects of the three ω-3 PUFAs. All the ω-3 PUFAs decreased fatty acid synthase (FASN) mRNA. Concerning genes involved in inflammation, cell cycle and apoptosis, DHA regulated the most genes in all categories, followed by EPA and then ALA. In addition, DHA and EPA increased the gene expression of the pro-apoptotic protein activating transcription factor 3 mRNA. Moreover, these two fatty acids significantly induced apoptosis. In conclusion, while some mechanisms of cancer cell inhibition are conserved among ω-3 PUFA, the extent, magnitude, and duration of transcriptional changes vary for each individual fatty acid.
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32
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Fhaner CJ, Liu S, Ji H, Simpson RJ, Reid GE. Comprehensive lipidome profiling of isogenic primary and metastatic colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8917-26. [PMID: 23039336 DOI: 10.1021/ac302154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A "shotgun" lipidomics strategy consisting of sequential functional group selective chemical modification reactions coupled with high-resolution/accurate mass spectrometry and "targeted" tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis has been developed and applied toward the comprehensive identification, characterization and quantitative analysis of changes in relative abundances of >600 individual glycerophospholipid, glycerolipid, sphingolipid and sterol lipids between a primary colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line, SW480, and its isogenic lymph node metastasized derivative, SW620. Selective chemical derivatization of glycerophosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphoserine lipids using a "fixed charge" sulfonium ion containing, d(6)-S,S'-dimethylthiobutanoylhydroxysuccinimide ester (d(6)-DMBNHS) reagent was used to eliminate the possibility of isobaric mass overlap of these species with the precursor ions of all other lipids in the crude extracts, thereby enabling their unambiguous assignment, while subsequent selective mild acid hydrolysis of plasmenyl (vinyl-ether) containing lipids using formic acid enabled these species to be readily differentiated from isobaric mass plasmanyl (alkyl-ether) containing lipids. Using this approach, statistically significant differences in the abundances of numerous lipid species previously identified as being associated with cancer progression or that play known roles as mediators in a range of physiological and pathological processes were observed between the SW480 and SW620 cells. Most notably, these included increased plasmanylcholine and triglyceride lipid levels, decreased plasmenylethanolamine lipids, decreased C-16 containing sphingomyelin and ceramide lipid levels, and a dramatic increase in the abundances of total cholesterol ester and triglyceride lipids in the SW620 cells compared to those in the SW480 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie J Fhaner
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Hofmanová J, Ciganek M, Slavík J, Kozubík A, Stixová L, Vaculová A, Dušek L, Machala M. Lipid alterations in human colon epithelial cells induced to differentiation and/or apoptosis by butyrate and polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:539-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Issazadeh-Navikas S, Teimer R, Bockermann R. Influence of dietary components on regulatory T cells. Mol Med 2012; 18:95-110. [PMID: 22113499 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Common dietary components including vitamins A and D, omega-3 and probiotics are now widely accepted to be essential to protect against many diseases with an inflammatory nature. On the other hand, high-fat diets are documented to exert multiple deleterious effects, including fatty liver diseases. Here we discuss the effect of dietary components on regulatory T cell (Treg) homeostasis, a central element of the immune system to prevent chronic tissue inflammation. Accordingly, evidence on the impact of dietary components on diseases in which Tregs play an influential role will be discussed. We will review chronic tissue-specific autoimmune and inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and allergies among chronic diseases where dietary factors could have a direct influence via modulation of Tregs homeostasis and functions.
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Lundemo AG, Pettersen CHH, Berge K, Berge RK, Schønberg SA. Tetradecylthioacetic acid inhibits proliferation of human SW620 colon cancer cells--gene expression profiling implies endoplasmic reticulum stress. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:190. [PMID: 22027281 PMCID: PMC3235040 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous reports have shown an antiproliferative effect of the synthetic, 3-thia fatty acid tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) on different cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms behind the observed effects are poorly understood. We therefore wanted to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in TTA-induced growth inhibition of the human colon cancer cell line SW620 by gene expression profiling. Methods An antiproliferative effect of TTA on SW620 cells in vitro was displayed in real time using the xCELLigence System (Roche). Affymetrix gene expression profiling was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind the antiproliferative effect of TTA. Changes in gene expression were verified at protein level by western blotting. Results TTA reduced SW620 cell growth, measured as baseline cell index, by 35% and 55% after 48 h and 72 h, respectively. We show for the first time that TTA induces an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in cancer cells. Gene expression analysis revealed changes related to ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). This was verified at protein level by phosphorylation of eukaryote translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) and downstream up-regulation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Transcripts for positive and negative cell cycle regulators were down- and up-regulated, respectively. This, together with a down-regulation of Cyclin D1 at protein level, indicates inhibition of cell cycle progression. TTA also affected transcripts involved in calcium homeostasis. Moreover, mRNA and protein level of the ER stress inducible C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), Tribbles homolog 3 (Drosophila) (TRIB3) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) were enhanced, and the C/EBPβ LIP/LAP ratio was significantly increased. These results indicate prolonged ER stress and a possible link to induction of cell death. Conclusion We find that TTA-induced growth inhibition of SW620 cells seems to be mediated through induction of ER stress and activation of the UPR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne G Lundemo
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, PO Box 8905, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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36
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Manda K, Kriesen S, Hildebrandt G, Fietkau R, Klautke G. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Cancer Therapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2011; 187:127-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-010-2166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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37
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Goto K, Zako K, Komizu Y, Ueoka R. Inhibitory Effects of Hybrid Liposomes Composed of Phosphatidylcholine and Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Growth of Colon Cancer Cells along with Apoptosis and Differentiation. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Slagsvold JE, Pettersen CHH, Størvold GL, Follestad T, Krokan HE, Schønberg SA. DHA alters expression of target proteins of cancer therapy in chemotherapy resistant SW620 colon cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:611-21. [PMID: 20574922 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903532366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diets rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with a reduced risk of several types of cancer. Recent reports have suggested that these PUFAs enhance the cytotoxic effect of cancer chemoradiotherapy. The effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on key cell cycle regulators and target proteins of cancer therapy was investigated in the human malign colon cancer cell line SW620. Cell cycle check point proteins such as p21 and stratifin (14-3-3 sigma) increased at mRNA and protein level, whereas cell cycle progression proteins such as cell division cycle 25 homolog and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 decreased after DHA treatment. Protein levels of inhibitors of apoptosis family members associated with chemotherapy resistance and cancer malignancy, survivin and livin, decreased after the same treatment: likewise the expression of NF-kappaB. Levels of the proapoptotic proteins phosphorylated p38 MAPK and growth arrest-inducible and DNA damage-inducible gene 153/C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) increased. The results indicate that DHA treatment causes simultaneous cell cycle arrest in both the G1 and G2 phase. In conclusion, DHA affects several target proteins of chemotherapy in a favorable way. This may explain the observed enhanced chemosensitivity in cancer cells supplemented with n-3 PUFAs and encourage further studies investigating the role of n-3 PUFAs as adjuvant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens E Slagsvold
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Størvold GL, Fleten KG, Olsen CG, Follestad T, Krokan HE, Schønberg SA. Docosahexaenoic Acid Activates Some SREBP-2 Targets Independent of Cholesterol and ER Stress in SW620 Colon Cancer Cells. Lipids 2009; 44:673-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Calviello G, Serini S, Piccioni E, Pessina G. Antineoplastic effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in combination with drugs and radiotherapy: preventive and therapeutic strategies. Nutr Cancer 2009; 61:287-301. [PMID: 19373602 DOI: 10.1080/01635580802582777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many data support the beneficial effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of several chronic pathologies including cancer. Different molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain their effects, including alterations in arachidonic acid oxidative metabolism and metabolic conversion of n-3 PUFAs to novel discovered bioactive derivatives; modification of oxidative stress; changes in cell membrane fluidity and structure and altered metabolism and function of membrane proteins. Considerable knowledge has been recently gathered on the possible beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs administered in combination with different antineoplastic drugs and radiotherapy against melanoma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, and colon, breast, prostate, and lung cancer. The efficacy of these combinations has been demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro, and clinical trials have also been conducted. The aim of this review is to analyze all the n-3 PUFA combinations investigated so far, their efficacy, and the possible molecular mechanisms involved. It would be highly auspicable that the detailed analysis of the literature in this field could further support the common use of n-3 PUFAs in combination with other chemopreventive agents and warrant more clinical investigations designed to test the effectiveness of n-3 PUFA treatments coupled with conventional antineoplastic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Calviello
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1, Rome 00168, Italy.
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Habbel P, Weylandt KH, Lichopoj K, Nowak J, Purschke M, Wang JD, He CW, Baumgart DC, Kang JX. Docosahexaenoic acid suppresses arachidonic acid-induced proliferation of LS-174T human colon carcinoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:1079-84. [PMID: 19266600 PMCID: PMC2655186 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the impact of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their combination on colon cancer cell growth.
METHODS: The LS-174T colon cancer cell line was used to study the role of the prostaglandin precursor AA and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid DHA on cell growth. Cell viability was assessed in XTT assays. For analysis of cell cycle and cell death, flow cytometry and DAPI staining were applied. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), p21 and bcl-2 in cells incubated with AA or DHA was examined by real-time RT-PCR. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) generation in the presence of AA and DHA was measured using a PGE2-ELISA.
RESULTS: AA increased cell growth, whereas DHA reduced viability of LS 174T cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DHA down- regulated mRNA of bcl-2 and up-regulated p21. Interestingly, DHA was able to suppress AA-induced cell proliferation and significantly lowered AA-derived PGE2 formation. DHA also down-regulated COX-2 expression. In addition to the effect on PGE2 formation, DHA directly reduced PGE2-induced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that DHA can inhibit the pro-proliferative effect of abundant AA or PGE2.
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Antalis CJ, Arnold T, Lee B, Buhman KK, Siddiqui RA. Docosahexaenoic acid is a substrate for ACAT1 and inhibits cholesteryl ester formation from oleic acid in MCF-10A cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 80:165-71. [PMID: 19217763 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
MCF-10A breast epithelial cells treated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or oleic acid (OA) accumulated cytoplasmic lipid droplets containing both triacylglycerol and cholesteryl esters (CE). Interestingly, total CE mass was reduced in cells treated with DHA compared to cells treated with OA, and the CEs were rich in n-3 fatty acids. Thus, we hypothesized that DHA may be, in addition to a substrate, an inhibitor of cholesterol esterification in MCF-10A cells. We determined that the primary isoform of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase expressed in MCF-10A cells is ACAT1. We investigated CE formation with DHA, OA, and the combination in intact cells and isolated microsomes. In both cells and microsomes, the rate of CE formation was faster and more CE was formed with OA compared to DHA. DHA substantially reduced CE formation when given in combination with OA. These data suggest for the first time that DHA can act as a substrate for ACAT1. In the manner of a poor substrate, DHA also inhibited the activity of ACAT1, a universally expressed enzyme involved in intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, in a cell type that does not secrete lipids or express ACAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryl J Antalis
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, 1800 N. Capitol Avenue, Suite E504, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Manna S, Chakraborty T, Ghosh B, Chatterjee M, Panda A, Srivastava S, Rana A, Chatterjee M. Dietary fish oil associated with increased apoptosis and modulated expression of Bax and Bcl-2 during 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 79:5-14. [PMID: 18614344 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the chemopreventive effect of dietary fish oil (Maxepa), rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on induction of apoptosis in mammary carcinogenesis model. Mammary carcinogenesis was initiated by a single, tail vein injection of 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA) (0.5mg/0.2ml corn oil/100g body weight) at 7 weeks of animal age. Ninety female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two parts: part one was used for histology and immunohistochemical study and part two for morphological analysis. Each part consists of three experimental groups having 15 animals, i.e., Group A (DMBA control), Group B (DMBA+fish oil) and Group C (DMBA+corn oil). Rats were fed either fish oil or corn oil (0.5ml/day/rat) by oral gavage, 2 weeks prior to DMBA injection. Treatment was continued 25 weeks, studying histopathology, expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins by immunohistochemistry and apoptosis by TUNEL assay and morphological study at 36 weeks. Results showed that the fish oil-treated group exhibited a substantial increase in Bax (p<0.05) immunolabelling and a reduction of Bcl-2 immunopositivity (p<0.05), and increased TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells (p<0.05); however, corn oil treatment did not show these beneficial effects toward mammary preneoplasia. We conclude that fish oil has the potential to play a significant role in limiting mammary tumourigenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Manna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, P.O. Box 17028, Kolkata 700032, India
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Jakobsen CH, Størvold GL, Bremseth H, Follestad T, Sand K, Mack M, Olsen KS, Lundemo AG, Iversen JG, Krokan HE, Schønberg SA. DHA induces ER stress and growth arrest in human colon cancer cells: associations with cholesterol and calcium homeostasis. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:2089-100. [PMID: 18566476 PMCID: PMC2533412 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700389-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are normal constituents of the diet, but have properties different from other fatty acids (e.g., through generation of signaling molecules). N-3 PUFAs reduce cancer cell growth, but no unified mechanism has been identified. We show that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3) causes extensive changes in gene expression patterns at mRNA level in the colon cancer cell line SW620. Early changes include unfolded protein response (UPR) and increased levels of phosphorylated eIF2α as verified at protein level. The latter is considered a hallmark of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and is abundantly present already after 3 h. It may coordinate many of the downstream changes observed, including signaling pathways for cell cycle arrest/apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, cholesterol metabolism, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation. Also, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not oleic acid (OA), induced key mediators of ER stress and UPR at protein level. Accumulation of esterified cholesterol was not compensated for by increased total levels of cholesterol, and mRNAs for cholesterol biosynthesis as well as de novo synthesis of cholesterol were reduced. These results suggest that cytotoxic effects of DHA are associated with signaling pathways involving lipid metabolism and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hild Jakobsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Erling Skjalgssons gate 1, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway
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Siddiqui RA, Harvey K, Stillwell W. Anticancer properties of oxidation products of docosahexaenoic acid. Chem Phys Lipids 2008; 153:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dupertuis YM, Meguid MM, Pichard C. Colon cancer therapy: new perspectives of nutritional manipulations using polyunsaturated fatty acids. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2007; 10:427-32. [PMID: 17563460 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e3281e2c9d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent advances in the development of new therapeutic strategies combining conventional adjuvant radio/chemotherapy with nutritional manipulations with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are presented. RECENT FINDINGS Studies in cell culture and tumour-bearing animals have reported the ability of long-chain n-3 PUFAs to enhance the cytotoxicity of several anticancer drugs. In colon cancer, combination of n-3 PUFAs with 5-fluorouracil resulted in an additive growth inhibitory effect on different cell lines. Moreover, recent findings suggest that eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid may be used to enhance tumour radiosensitivity while reducing mucosal/epidermal radiotoxicity similar to radioprotective agents. The underlying mechanism is probably mediated through lipid peroxidation because the antitumour effect of n-3 PUFAs is shared with the n-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid, and abolished by vitamin E. In vivo, the use of n-3 PUFAs may provide an additional advantage compared with n-6 PUFAs. Downregulation of eicosanoid synthesis from cyclooxygenase II may reduce angiogenesis, inflammation and metastasis induction. SUMMARY New insights suggest that n-3 PUFAs may play an important role not only in cancer prevention but also in cancer management. They may act synergistically with radio/chemotherapy to kill tumour cells by increasing oxidative stress while reducing angiogenesis, inflammation and metastasis induction.
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