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Wang J, Gu R, Kong X, Luan S, Luo YLL. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses of impulsivity: A systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110986. [PMID: 38430953 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Impulsivity is related to a host of mental and behavioral problems. It is a complex construct with many different manifestations, most of which are heritable. The genetic compositions of these impulsivity manifestations, however, remain unclear. A number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses have tried to address this issue. We conducted a systematic review of all GWAS and post-GWAS analyses of impulsivity published up to December 2023. Available data suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in more than a dozen of genes (e.g., CADM2, CTNNA2, GPM6B) are associated with different measures of impulsivity at genome-wide significant levels. Post-GWAS analyses further show that different measures of impulsivity are subject to different degrees of genetic influence, share few genetic variants, and have divergent genetic overlap with basic personality traits such as extroversion and neuroticism, cognitive ability, psychiatric disorders, substance use, and obesity. These findings shed light on controversies in the conceptualization and measurement of impulsivity, while providing new insights on the underlying mechanisms that yoke impulsivity to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchundong Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Shenghua Luan
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu L L Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China.
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2
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Bian X, Yang L, Jiang D, Grippin AJ, Ma Y, Wu S, Wu L, Wang X, Tang Z, Tang K, Pan W, Dong S, Kim BYS, Jiang W, Yang Z, Li C. Regulation of cerebral blood flow boosts precise brain targeting of vinpocetine-derived ionizable-lipidoid nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3987. [PMID: 38734698 PMCID: PMC11088666 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in active drug targeting for blood-brain barrier penetration, two key challenges persist: first, attachment of a targeting ligand to the drug or drug carrier does not enhance its brain biodistribution; and second, many brain diseases are intricately linked to microcirculation disorders that significantly impede drug accumulation within brain lesions even after they cross the barrier. Inspired by the neuroprotective properties of vinpocetine, which regulates cerebral blood flow, we propose a molecular library design centered on this class of cyclic tertiary amine compounds and develop a self-enhanced brain-targeted nucleic acid delivery system. Our findings reveal that: (i) vinpocetine-derived ionizable-lipidoid nanoparticles efficiently breach the blood-brain barrier; (ii) they have high gene-loading capacity, facilitating endosomal escape and intracellular transport; (iii) their administration is safe with minimal immunogenicity even with prolonged use; and (iv) they have potent pharmacologic brain-protective activity and may synergize with treatments for brain disorders as demonstrated in male APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Bian
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dingxi Jiang
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Adam J Grippin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yifan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shuang Wu
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Linchong Wu
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyou Wang
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhongjie Tang
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Kaicheng Tang
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Weidong Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Shiyan Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Chong Li
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
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Fu Q, Wang Y, Yan C, Xiang YK. Phosphodiesterase in heart and vessels: from physiology to diseases. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:765-834. [PMID: 37971403 PMCID: PMC11281825 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Both cyclic nucleotides are critical secondary messengers in the neurohormonal regulation in the cardiovascular system. PDEs precisely control spatiotemporal subcellular distribution of cyclic nucleotides in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, playing critical roles in physiological responses to hormone stimulation in the heart and vessels. Dysregulation of PDEs has been linked to the development of several cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, aneurysm, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Targeting these enzymes has been proven effective in treating cardiovascular diseases and is an attractive and promising strategy for the development of new drugs. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the complex regulation of PDE isoforms in cardiovascular function, highlighting the divergent and even opposing roles of PDE isoforms in different pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, California, United States
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4
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Phosphodiesterase-1 in the cardiovascular system. Cell Signal 2022; 92:110251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vinogradova TM, Lakatta EG. Dual Activation of Phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 Regulates Basal Cardiac Pacemaker Function and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 34445119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168414.pmid:34445119;pmcid:pmc8395138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The sinoatrial (SA) node is the physiological pacemaker of the heart, and resting heart rate in humans is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Consequently, the mechanisms of initiating and regulating the normal spontaneous SA node beating rate are of vital importance. Spontaneous firing of the SA node is generated within sinoatrial nodal cells (SANC), which is regulated by the coupled-clock pacemaker system. Normal spontaneous beating of SANC is driven by a high level of cAMP-mediated PKA-dependent protein phosphorylation, which rely on the balance between high basal cAMP production by adenylyl cyclases and high basal cAMP degradation by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). This diverse class of enzymes includes 11 families and PDE3 and PDE4 families dominate in both the SA node and cardiac myocardium, degrading cAMP and, consequently, regulating basal cardiac pacemaker function and excitation-contraction coupling. In this review, we will demonstrate similarities between expression, distribution, and colocalization of various PDE subtypes in SANC and cardiac myocytes of different species, including humans, focusing on PDE3 and PDE4. Here, we will describe specific targets of the coupled-clock pacemaker system modulated by dual PDE3 + PDE4 activation and provide evidence that concurrent activation of PDE3 + PDE4, operating in a synergistic manner, regulates the basal cardiac pacemaker function and provides control over normal spontaneous beating of SANCs through (PDE3 + PDE4)-dependent modulation of local subsarcolemmal Ca2+ releases (LCRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Dual Activation of Phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 Regulates Basal Cardiac Pacemaker Function and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168414. [PMID: 34445119 PMCID: PMC8395138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sinoatrial (SA) node is the physiological pacemaker of the heart, and resting heart rate in humans is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Consequently, the mechanisms of initiating and regulating the normal spontaneous SA node beating rate are of vital importance. Spontaneous firing of the SA node is generated within sinoatrial nodal cells (SANC), which is regulated by the coupled-clock pacemaker system. Normal spontaneous beating of SANC is driven by a high level of cAMP-mediated PKA-dependent protein phosphorylation, which rely on the balance between high basal cAMP production by adenylyl cyclases and high basal cAMP degradation by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). This diverse class of enzymes includes 11 families and PDE3 and PDE4 families dominate in both the SA node and cardiac myocardium, degrading cAMP and, consequently, regulating basal cardiac pacemaker function and excitation-contraction coupling. In this review, we will demonstrate similarities between expression, distribution, and colocalization of various PDE subtypes in SANC and cardiac myocytes of different species, including humans, focusing on PDE3 and PDE4. Here, we will describe specific targets of the coupled-clock pacemaker system modulated by dual PDE3 + PDE4 activation and provide evidence that concurrent activation of PDE3 + PDE4, operating in a synergistic manner, regulates the basal cardiac pacemaker function and provides control over normal spontaneous beating of SANCs through (PDE3 + PDE4)-dependent modulation of local subsarcolemmal Ca2+ releases (LCRs).
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7
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Golshiri K, Ataei Ataabadi E, Portilla Fernandez EC, Jan Danser AH, Roks AJM. The importance of the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in age-related cardiovascular disease: Focus on phosphodiesterase-1 and soluble guanylate cyclase. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 127:67-80. [PMID: 31495057 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Among ageing-related illnesses, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality causing one-third of all deaths worldwide. Ageing evokes a number of functional, pharmacological and morphological changes in the vasculature, accompanied by a progressive failure of protective and homeostatic mechanisms, resulting in target organ damage. Impaired vasomotor, proliferation, migration, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory function in both the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells are parts of the vascular ageing phenotype. The endothelium regulates these functions by the release of a wide variety of active molecules including endothelium-derived relaxing factors such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin (PGI2 ) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH). During ageing, a functional decay of the nitric oxide pathway takes place. Nitric oxide signals to VSMC and other important cell types for vascular homeostasis through the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Maintenance of proper cGMP levels is an important goal in sustainment of proper vascular function during ageing. For this purpose, different components can be targeted in this signalling system, and among them, phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE1) and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) are crucial. This review focuses on the role of PDE1 and sGC in conditions that are relevant for vascular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Golshiri
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Ataei Ataabadi
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eliana C Portilla Fernandez
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ali AA, Ahmed HI, Khaleel SA, Abu-Elfotuh K. Vinpocetine mitigates aluminum-induced cognitive impairment in socially isolated rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 208:112571. [PMID: 31175888 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several reports have highlighted the role of vinpocetine in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of vinpocetine in AD under social isolation conditions has not yet been elucidated. Henceforth, this study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of vinpocetine in aluminum-induced AD model associated with social isolation. Social isolation increased the escape latency in Morris water maze (MWM) test, elevated the immobility score and decreased swimming score in forced swimming test (FST) in aluminum treated rats. However, vinpocetine enhanced acquisition in MWM test and exerted anti-depressive effect in FST. The histopathological examination showed marked deterioration in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of AD isolated rats, while vinpocetine revealed overt improvement. In addition, the levels of amyloid-β protein (Aβ), phosphorylated-tau (Ser396), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα), p- Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β) (Tyr216), and β-secretase (BACE1) gene expression were increased in socially isolated aluminum treated rats, yet, vinpocetine treatment reversed these deteriorating effects. Hence, this study provides profound insights into the role of vinpocetine in AD particularly in the conditions of social isolation. The effects of vinpocetine might be attributed not only to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but also to its suppressing effect on GSK3β activity and its downstream BACE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Ali
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatalla I Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for sustainable development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Khaleel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Barone I, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Andò S, Catalano S. Phosphodiesterase type 5 and cancers: progress and challenges. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99179-99202. [PMID: 29228762 PMCID: PMC5716802 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are an extraordinarily heterogeneous collection of diseases with distinct genetic profiles and biological features that directly influence response patterns to various treatment strategies as well as clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, our growing understanding of cancer cell biology and tumor progression is gradually leading towards rational, tailored medical treatments designed to destroy cancer cells by exploiting the unique cellular pathways that distinguish them from normal healthy counterparts. Recently, inhibition of the activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is emerging as a promising approach to restore normal intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling, and thereby resulting into the activation of various downstream molecules to inhibit proliferation, motility and invasion of certain cancer cells. In this review, we present an overview of the experimental and clinical evidences highlighting the role of PDE5 in the pathogenesis and prevention of various malignancies. Current data are still not sufficient to draw conclusive statements for cancer patient management, but could provide further rational for testing PDE5-targeting drugs as anticancer agents in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Wadie W, El-Tanbouly DM. Vinpocetine mitigates proteinuria and podocytes injury in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 814:187-195. [PMID: 28843828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury and glomerular basement membrane thickening have been considered as essential pathophysiological events in diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effects of vinpocetine on diabetes-associated renal damage. Male Wistar rats were made diabetic by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic rats were treated with vinpocetine in a dose of 20mg/kg/day for 6 weeks. Treatment with vinpocetine resulted in a marked decrease in the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urinary albumin and albumin/creatinine ratio along with an elevation in creatinine clearance rate. The renal contents of advanced glycation end-products, interleukin-10, tissue growth factor-β, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac 1) were decreased. Renal nephrin and podocin contents were increased and their mRNA expressions were replenished in vinpocetine-treated rats. Moreover, administration of vinpocetine showed improvements in oxidative status as well as renal glomerular and tubular structures. The current investigation revealed that vinpocetine ameliorated the STZ-induced renal damage. This beneficial effect could be attributed to its antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects parallel to its ability to inhibit NF-κB which eventually modulated cytokines production as well as nephrin and podocin proteins expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia M El-Tanbouly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Nakano SJ, Sucharov J, van Dusen R, Cecil M, Nunley K, Wickers S, Karimpur-Fard A, Stauffer BL, Miyamoto SD, Sucharov CC. Cardiac Adenylyl Cyclase and Phosphodiesterase Expression Profiles Vary by Age, Disease, and Chronic Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Treatment. J Card Fail 2016; 23:72-80. [PMID: 27427220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.07.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric heart failure (HF) patients have a suboptimal response to traditional HF medications, although phosphodiesterase-3 inhibition (PDE3i) has been used with greater success than in the adult HF population. We hypothesized that molecular alterations specific to children with HF and HF etiology may affect response to treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS Adenylyl cyclase (AC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoforms were quantified by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in explanted myocardium from adults with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), children with DCM, and children with single-ventricle congenital heart disease of right ventricular morphology (SRV). AC and PDE expression profiles were uniquely regulated in each subject group and demonstratde distinct changes in response to chronic PDE3i. There was unique up-regulation of AC5 in adult DCM with PDE3i (fold change 2.415; P = .043), AC2 in pediatric DCM (fold change 2.396; P = .0067), and PDE1C in pediatric SRV (fold change 1.836; P = .032). Remarkably, PDE5A expression was consistently increased across all age and disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Unique regulation of AC and PDE isoforms supports a differential molecular adaptation to HF in children compared with adults, and may help identify mechanisms specific to the pathogenesis of pediatric HF. Greater understanding of these differences will help optimize medical therapies based on age and disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | | | - Karin Nunley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado
| | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.
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12
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Boularan C, Gales C. Cardiac cAMP: production, hydrolysis, modulation and detection. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:203. [PMID: 26483685 PMCID: PMC4589651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) modulates a broad range of biological processes including the regulation of cardiac myocyte contractile function where it constitutes the main second messenger for β-adrenergic receptors' signaling to fulfill positive chronotropic, inotropic and lusitropic effects. A growing number of studies pinpoint the role of spatial organization of the cAMP signaling as an essential mechanism to regulate cAMP outcomes in cardiac physiology. Here, we will briefly discuss the complexity of cAMP synthesis and degradation in the cardiac context, describe the way to detect it and review the main pharmacological arsenal to modulate its availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Boularan
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Gales
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
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13
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Vinpocetine reduces carrageenan-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress, cytokine production and NF-κB activation in the paw and spinal cord. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118942. [PMID: 25822523 PMCID: PMC4379066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinpocetine is a safe nootropic agent used for neurological and cerebrovascular diseases. The anti-inflammatory activity of vinpocetine has been shown in cell based assays and animal models, leading to suggestions as to its utility in analgesia. However, the mechanisms regarding its efficacy in inflammatory pain treatment are still not completely understood. Herein, the analgesic effect of vinpocetine and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms were addressed in murine inflammatory pain models. Firstly, we investigated the protective effects of vinpocetine in overt pain-like behavior induced by acetic acid, phenyl-p-benzoquinone (PBQ) and formalin. The intraplantar injection of carrageenan was then used to induce inflammatory hyperalgesia. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated using the electronic von Frey and the hot plate tests, respectively, with neutrophil recruitment to the paw assessed by a myeloperoxidase activity assay. A number of factors were assessed, both peripherally and in the spinal cord, including: antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide anion, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels, as well as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Vinpocetine inhibited the overt pain-like behavior induced by acetic acid, PBQ and formalin (at both phases), as well as the carrageenan-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and associated neutrophil recruitment. Both peripherally and in the spinal cord, vinpocetine also inhibited: antioxidant capacity and GSH depletion; increased superoxide anion; IL-1β and TNF-α levels; and NF-κB activation. As such, vinpocetine significantly reduces inflammatory pain by targeting oxidative stress, cytokine production and NF-κB activation at both peripheral and spinal cord levels.
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14
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Rowther FB, Wei W, Dawson TP, Ashton K, Singh A, Madiesse-Timchou MP, Thomas DGT, Darling JL, Warr T. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase-1C (PDE1C) drives cell proliferation, migration and invasion in glioblastoma multiforme cells in vitro. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:268-79. [PMID: 25620587 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides (cAMP & cGMP) are critical intracellular second messengers involved in the transduction of a diverse array of stimuli and their catabolism is mediated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). We previously detected focal genomic amplification of PDE1C in >90 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells suggesting a potential as a novel therapeutic target in these cells. In this report, we show that genomic gain of PDE1C was associated with increased expression in low passage GBM-derived cell cultures. We demonstrate that PDE1C is essential in driving cell proliferation, migration and invasion in GBM cultures since silencing of this gene significantly mitigates these functions. We also define the mechanistic basis of this functional effect through whole genome expression analysis by identifying down-stream gene effectors of PDE1C which are involved in cell cycle and cell adhesion regulation. In addition, we also demonstrate that Vinpocetine, a general PDE1 inhibitor, can also attenuate proliferation with no effect on invasion/migration. Up-regulation of at least one of this gene set (IL8, CXCL2, FOSB, NFE2L3, SUB1, SORBS2, WNT5A, and MMP1) in TCGA GBM cohorts is associated with worse outcome and PDE1C silencing down-regulated their expression, thus also indicating potential to influence patient survival. Therefore we conclude that proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells could also be regulated downstream of PDE1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farjana B Rowther
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Weinbin Wei
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy P Dawson
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - Katherine Ashton
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - Anushree Singh
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - D G T Thomas
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London
| | - John L Darling
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Tracy Warr
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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15
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Phosphodiesterase 9: Insights from protein structure and role in therapeutics. Life Sci 2014; 106:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Azevedo MF, Faucz FR, Bimpaki E, Horvath A, Levy I, de Alexandre RB, Ahmad F, Manganiello V, Stratakis CA. Clinical and molecular genetics of the phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Endocr Rev 2014; 35:195-233. [PMID: 24311737 PMCID: PMC3963262 DOI: 10.1210/er.2013-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that have the unique function of terminating cyclic nucleotide signaling by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cAMP and GMP. They are critical regulators of the intracellular concentrations of cAMP and cGMP as well as of their signaling pathways and downstream biological effects. PDEs have been exploited pharmacologically for more than half a century, and some of the most successful drugs worldwide today affect PDE function. Recently, mutations in PDE genes have been identified as causative of certain human genetic diseases; even more recently, functional variants of PDE genes have been suggested to play a potential role in predisposition to tumors and/or cancer, especially in cAMP-sensitive tissues. Mouse models have been developed that point to wide developmental effects of PDEs from heart function to reproduction, to tumors, and beyond. This review brings together knowledge from a variety of disciplines (biochemistry and pharmacology, oncology, endocrinology, and reproductive sciences) with emphasis on recent research on PDEs, how PDEs affect cAMP and cGMP signaling in health and disease, and what pharmacological exploitations of PDEs may be useful in modulating cyclic nucleotide signaling in a way that prevents or treats certain human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa F Azevedo
- Section on Endocrinology Genetics (M.F.A., F.R.F., E.B., A.H., I.L., R.B.d.A., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Section of Endocrinology (M.F.A.), University Hospital of Brasilia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70840-901, Brazil; Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (F.R.F., R.B.d.A.), Graduate Program in Health Science, Medical School, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Branch (F.A., V.M.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program (C.A.S.), NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Beaumont V, Park L, Rassoulpour A, Dijkman U, Heikkinen T, Lehtimaki K, Kontkanen O, Al Nackkash R, Bates GP, Gleyzes M, Steidl E, Ramboz S, Murphy C, Beconi MG, Dominguez C, Munoz-Sanjuan I. The PDE1/5 Inhibitor SCH-51866 Does Not Modify Disease Progression in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. PLOS CURRENTS 2014; 6. [PMID: 24558637 PMCID: PMC3923778 DOI: 10.1371/currents.hd.3304e87e460b4bb0dc519a29f4deccca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the CAG tract of huntingtin. Several studies in HD cellular and rodent systems have identified disturbances in cyclic nucleotide signaling, which might be relevant to pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention. To investigate whether selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors can improve some aspects of disease pathogenesis in HD models, we have systematically evaluated the effects of a variety of cAMP and cGMP selective PDE inhibitors in various HD models. Here we present the lack of effect in a variety of endpoints of the PDE subtype selective inhibitor SCH-51866, a PDE1/5 inhibitor, in the R6/2 mouse model of HD, after chronic oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahri Beaumont
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Larry Park
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ulrike Dijkman
- Brains On-Line LLC, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Outi Kontkanen
- Charles River Discovery Research Services, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rand Al Nackkash
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Gillian P Bates
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Melanie Gleyzes
- Neuroservice, Domaine de Saint Hilaire, 13593 Aix en Provence cedex 03, France
| | - Esther Steidl
- Neuroservice, Domaine de Saint Hilaire, 13593 Aix en Provence cedex 03, France
| | | | | | - Maria G Beconi
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Celia Dominguez
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Inhibitory effects of vinpocetine on the progression of atherosclerosis are mediated by Akt/NF-κB dependent mechanisms in apoE-/- mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82509. [PMID: 24349299 PMCID: PMC3857260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have found additional roles for vinpocetine, a potent phosphodiesterase type I inhibitor, in anti-proliferation and anti-inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells and cancer cells via different mechanisms. In this study, we attempted to investigate whether vinpocetine protected against atherosclerotic development in apoE(-/-) mice and explore the underlying anti-atherogenic mechanisms in macrophages. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Vinpocetine markedly decreased atherosclerotic lesion size in apoE(-/-) mice measured by oil red O. Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that vinpocetine significantly increased the thickness of fibrous cap, reduced the size of lipid-rich necrotic core and attenuated inflammation. In vitro experiments exhibited a significant decrease in monocyte adhesion treated with vinpocetine. Further, active TNF-α, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression induced by ox-LDL were attenuated by vinpocetine in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, ox-LDL-induced reactive oxygen species were significantly repressed by vinpocetine. Both western blot and luciferase activity assay showed that vinpocetine inhibited the enhanced Akt, IKKα/β, IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB activity induced by ox-LDL, and the inhibition of NF-κB activity was partly caused by Akt dephosphorylation. However, knockdown of PDE1B did not affect Akt, IKKα/β and IκBα phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that vinpocetine exerts anti-atherogenic effects through inhibition of monocyte adhesion, oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which are mediated by Akt/NF-κB dependent pathway but independent of PDE1 blockade in macrophages.
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19
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Perera RK, Nikolaev VO. Compartmentation of cAMP signalling in cardiomyocytes in health and disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:650-62. [PMID: 23383621 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger critically involved in the regulation of heart function. It has been shown to act in discrete subcellular signalling compartments formed by differentially localized receptors, phosphodiesterases and protein kinases. Cardiac diseases such as hypertrophy or heart failure are associated with structural and functional remodelling of these microdomains which leads to changes in cAMP compartmentation. In this review, we will discuss recent key findings which provided new insights into cAMP compartmentation in cardiomyocytes with a particular focus on its alterations in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Perera
- Emmy Noether Group of the DFG, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, European Heart Research Insitute Göttingen, Georg August University Medical Center; University of Göttingen; Göttingen; Germany
| | - V. O. Nikolaev
- Emmy Noether Group of the DFG, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, European Heart Research Insitute Göttingen, Georg August University Medical Center; University of Göttingen; Göttingen; Germany
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20
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Kraynik SM, Miyaoka RS, Beavo JA. PDE3 and PDE4 isozyme-selective inhibitors are both required for synergistic activation of brown adipose tissue. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 83:1155-65. [PMID: 23493317 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.084145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a highly thermogenic organ that converts lipids and glucose into heat. Many of the metabolic and gene transcriptional hallmarks of BAT activation, namely increased lipolysis, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) mRNA, and glucose uptake, are regulated by the adrenergic second messenger, cAMP. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyze the breakdown of cAMP, thereby regulating the magnitude and duration of this signaling molecule. In the absence of adrenergic stimulus, we found that it required a combination of a PDE3 and a PDE4 inhibitor to fully induce UCP1 mRNA and lipolysis in brown adipocytes, whereas neither PDE inhibitor alone had any substantial effect under basal conditions. Under submaximal β-adrenoceptor stimulation of brown adipocytes, a PDE3 inhibitor alone could potentiate induction of UCP1 mRNA, whereas a PDE4 inhibitor alone could augment lipolysis, indicating differential roles for each of these two PDEs. Neither induction of UCP1 nor lipolysis was altered by inhibition of PDE1, PDE2, or PDE8A. Finally, when injected into mice, the combination of PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitors stimulated glucose uptake in BAT under thermoneutral and fasted conditions, a response that was further potentiated by the global ablation of PDE8A. Taken together, these data reveal that multiple PDEs work in concert to regulate three of the important pathways leading to BAT activation, a finding that may provide an improved conceptual basis for the development of therapies for obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Kraynik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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21
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Morita H, Murata T, Shimizu K, Okumura K, Inui M, Tagawa T. Characterization of phosphodiesterase 2A in human malignant melanoma PMP cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1275-84. [PMID: 23381931 PMCID: PMC3621658 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for malignant melanoma is poor; therefore, new diagnostic methods and treatment strategies are urgently needed. Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) is one of 21 phosphodiesterases, which are divided into 11 families (PDE1-PDE11). PDE2 hydrolyzes cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), and its binding to cGMP enhances the hydrolysis of cAMP. We previously reported the expression of PDE1, PDE3 and PDE5 in human malignant melanoma cells. However, the expression of PDE2 in these cells has not been investigated. Herein, we examined the expression of PDE2A and its role in human oral malignant melanoma PMP cells. Sequencing of RT-PCR products revealed that PDE2A2 was the only variant expressed in PMP cells. Four point mutations were detected; one missense mutation at nucleotide position 734 (from C to T) resulted in the substitution of threonine with isoleucine at amino acid position 214. The other three were silent mutations. An in vitro migration assay and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay revealed that suppressing PDE2 activity with its specific inhibitor, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA), had no impact on cell motility or apoptosis. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of EHNA, assessed using a trypan blue exclusion assay, was negligible. On the other hand, assessment of cell proliferation by BrdU incorporation and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry revealed that EHNA treatment inhibited DNA synthesis and increased the percentage of G2/M-arrested cells. Furthermore, cyclin A mRNA expression was downregulated, while cyclin E mRNA expression was upregulated in EHNA-treated cells. Our results demonstrated that the PDE2A2 variant carrying point mutations is expressed in PMP cells and may affect cell cycle progression by modulating cyclin A expression. Thus, PDE2A2 is a possible new molecular target for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Morita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
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22
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Lee DI, Kass DA. Phosphodiesterases and cyclic GMP regulation in heart muscle. Physiology (Bethesda) 2012; 27:248-58. [PMID: 22875455 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00011.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide cGMP and its corresponding activated kinase cGK-1 serve as a counterbalance to acute and chronic myocardial stress. cGMP hydrolysis by several members of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) superfamily, PDE1, PDE2, and PDE5, regulate this signaling in the heart. This review details new insights regarding how these PDEs modulate cGMP and cGK-1 to influence heart function and chronic stress responses, and how their inhibition may provide potential therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong I Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Abstract
The second messengers cAMP and cGMP exist in multiple discrete compartments and regulate a variety of biological processes in the heart. The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP, play crucial roles in controlling the amplitude, duration, and compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide signaling. Over 60 phosphodiesterase isoforms, grouped into 11 families, have been discovered to date. In the heart, both cAMP- and cGMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases play important roles in physiology and pathology. At least 7 of the 11 phosphodiesterase family members appear to be expressed in the myocardium, and evidence supports phosphodiesterase involvement in regulation of many processes important for normal cardiac function including pacemaking and contractility, as well as many pathological processes including remodeling and myocyte apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibitors for a number of phosphodiesterase families have also been used clinically or preclinically to treat several types of cardiovascular disease. In addition, phosphodiesterase inhibitors are also being considered for treatment of many forms of disease outside the cardiovascular system, raising the possibility of cardiovascular side effects of such agents. This review will discuss the roles of phosphodiesterases in the heart, in terms of expression patterns, regulation, and involvement in physiological and pathological functions. Additionally, the cardiac effects of various phosphodiesterase inhibitors, both potentially beneficial and detrimental, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. E. Knight
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C. Yan
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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25
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Chan S, Yan C. PDE1 isozymes, key regulators of pathological vascular remodeling. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:720-4. [PMID: 21962439 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathological vascular remodeling is a hallmark of most vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, postangioplasty restenosis, allograft vasculopathy, and pulmonary hypertension. Pathological vascular remodeling is a multi-cell-dependent process leading to detrimental changes of vessel structure and eventual vessel occlusion. Cyclic nucleotide signaling regulates a variety of vascular functions ranging from cell contractility to cell growth. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), a large family of structurally and functionally distinct isozymes, regulate cyclic nucleotide levels and compartmentalization through catalyzing their degradation reaction. Increasing evidence has suggested that one of the important mechanisms for specific cyclic nucleotide regulation is exerted through selective activation or inhibition of distinct PDE isozymes. This review summarizes the work done to characterize the role and therapeutic potential of PDE1 isozymes in pathological vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
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26
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Gulyás B, Vas Á, Tóth M, Takano A, Varrone A, Cselényi Z, Schain M, Mattsson P, Halldin C. Age and disease related changes in the translocator protein (TSPO) system in the human brain: Positron emission tomography measurements with [11C]vinpocetine. Neuroimage 2011; 56:1111-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Phosphodiesterases in the central nervous system: implications in mood and cognitive disorders. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2011:447-85. [PMID: 21695652 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-17969-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that are involved in the regulation of the intracellular second messengers cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) by controlling their rates of hydrolysis. There are 11 different PDE families and each family typically has multiple isoforms and splice variants. The PDEs differ in their structures, distribution, modes of regulation, and sensitivity to inhibitors. Since PDEs have been shown to play distinct roles in processes of emotion and related learning and memory processes, selective PDE inhibitors, by preventing the breakdown of cAMP and/or cGMP, modulate mood and related cognitive activity. This review discusses the current state and future development in the burgeoning field of PDEs in the central nervous system. It is becoming increasingly clear that PDE inhibitors have therapeutic potential for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders involving disturbances of mood, emotion, and cognition.
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28
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Jeon KI, Jono H, Miller CL, Cai Y, Lim S, Liu X, Gao P, Abe JI, Li JD, Yan C. Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated PDE1 regulates the beta-catenin/TCF signaling through PP2A B56 gamma subunit in proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells. FEBS J 2010; 277:5026-39. [PMID: 21078118 PMCID: PMC3059601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), from a 'contractile' phenotype to a 'synthetic' phenotype, is crucial for pathogenic vascular remodeling in vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-stimulated phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) isozymes, including PDE1A and PDE1C, play integral roles in regulating the proliferation of synthetic VSMCs. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remain unknown. In this study, we explore the role and mechanism of PDE1 isoforms in regulating β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) signaling in VSMCs, a pathway important for vascular remodeling through promoting VSMC growth and survival. We found that inhibition of PDE1 activity markedly attenuated β-catenin/TCF signaling by downregulating β-catenin protein. The effect of PDE1 inhibition on β-catenin protein reduction is exerted via promoting glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)β activation, β-catenin phosphorylation and subsequent β-catenin protein degradation. Moreover, PDE1 inhibition specifically upregulated phosphatase protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) B56γ subunit gene expression, which is responsible for the effects of PDE1 inhibition on GSK3β and β-catenin/TCF signaling. Furthermore, the effect of PDE1 inhibition on β-catenin was specifically mediated by PDE1A but not PDE1C isozyme. Interestingly, in synthetic VSMCs, PP2A B56γ, phospho-GSK3β and phospho-β-catenin were all found in the nucleus, suggesting that PDE1A regulates nuclear β-catenin protein stability through the nuclear PP2A-GSK3β-β-catenin signaling axis. Taken together, these findings provide direct evidence for the first time that PP2A B56γ is a critical mediator for PDE1A in the regulation of β-catenin signaling in proliferating VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye-Im Jeon
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY14642
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Yujun Cai
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Pingjin Gao
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY14642
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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Targeting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in the heart: therapeutic implications. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2010; 3:507-15. [PMID: 20632220 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-010-9203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The second messengers, cAMP and cGMP, regulate a number of physiological processes in the myocardium, from acute contraction/relaxation to chronic gene expression and cardiac structural remodeling. Emerging evidence suggests that multiple spatiotemporally distinct pools of cyclic nucleotides can discriminate specific cellular functions from a given cyclic nucleotide-mediated signal. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), by hydrolyzing intracellular cyclic AMP and/or cyclic GMP, control the amplitude, duration, and compartmentation of cyclic nucleotide signaling. To date, more than 60 different isoforms have been described and grouped into 11 broad families (PDE1-PDE11) based on differences in their structure, kinetic and regulatory properties, as well as sensitivity to chemical inhibitors. In the heart, PDE isozymes from at least six families have been investigated. Studies using selective PDE inhibitors and/or genetically manipulated animals have demonstrated that individual PDE isozymes play distinct roles in the heart by regulating unique cyclic nucleotide signaling microdomains. Alterations of PDE activity and/or expression have also been observed in various cardiac disease models, which may contribute to disease progression. Several family-selective PDE inhibitors have been used clinically or pre-clinically for the treatment of cardiac or vascular-related diseases. In this review, we will highlight both recent advances and discrepancies relevant to cardiovascular PDE expression, pathophysiological function, and regulation. In particular, we will emphasize how these properties influence current and future development of PDE inhibitors for the treatment of pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.
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Vinpocetine inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent inflammation via an IKK-dependent but PDE-independent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:9795-800. [PMID: 20448200 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0914414107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, infectious diseases, and cancer. Although steroids and cyclooxygenase inhibitors are effective antiinflammatory therapeutical agents, they may cause serious side effects. Therefore, developing unique antiinflammatory agents without significant adverse effects is urgently needed. Vinpocetine, a derivative of the alkaloid vincamine, has long been used for cerebrovascular disorders and cognitive impairment. Its role in inhibiting inflammation, however, remains unexplored. Here, we show that vinpocetine acts as an antiinflammatory agent in vitro and in vivo. In particular, vinpocetine inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and the subsequent induction of proinflammatory mediators in multiple cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and epithelial cells. We also show that vinpocetine inhibits monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis, which are critical processes during inflammation. Moreover, vinpocetine potently inhibits TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced up-regulation of proinflammatory mediators, including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and decreases interstitial infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a mouse model of TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced lung inflammation. Interestingly, vinpocetine inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IKK, independent of its well-known inhibitory effects on phosphodiesterase and Ca(2+) regulation. These studies thus identify vinpocetine as a unique antiinflammatory agent that may be repositioned for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases.
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Miller CL, Oikawa M, Cai Y, Wojtovich AP, Nagel DJ, Xu X, Xu H, Florio V, Rybalkin SD, Beavo JA, Chen YF, Li JD, Blaxall BC, Abe JI, Yan C. Role of Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1 in mediating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Circ Res 2009; 105:956-64. [PMID: 19797176 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.198515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) through the degradation of cGMP play critical roles in maintaining cardiomyocyte homeostasis. Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-activated cGMP-hydrolyzing PDE1 family may play a pivotal role in balancing intracellular Ca(2+)/CaM and cGMP signaling; however, its function in cardiomyocytes is unknown. OBJECTIVE Herein, we investigate the role of Ca(2+)/CaM-stimulated PDE1 in regulating pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes and in the heart in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Inhibition of PDE1 activity using a PDE1-selective inhibitor, IC86340, or downregulation of PDE1A using siRNA prevented phenylephrine induced pathological myocyte hypertrophy and hypertrophic marker expression in neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes. Importantly, administration of the PDE1 inhibitor IC86340 attenuated cardiac hypertrophy induced by chronic isoproterenol infusion in vivo. Both PDE1A and PDE1C mRNA and protein were detected in human hearts; however, PDE1A expression was conserved in rodent hearts. Moreover, PDE1A expression was significantly upregulated in vivo in the heart and myocytes from various pathological hypertrophy animal models and in vitro in isolated neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes treated with neurohumoral stimuli such as angiotensin II (Ang II) and isoproterenol. Furthermore, PDE1A plays a critical role in phenylephrine-induced reduction of intracellular cGMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) activity and thereby cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results elucidate a novel role for Ca(2+)/CaM-stimulated PDE1, particularly PDE1A, in regulating pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via a cGMP/PKG-dependent mechanism, thereby demonstrating Ca(2+) and cGMP signaling cross-talk during cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint L Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY 14642, USA
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Ortiz-Capisano MC, Liao TD, Ortiz PA, Beierwaltes WH. Calcium-dependent phosphodiesterase 1C inhibits renin release from isolated juxtaglomerular cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 297:R1469-76. [PMID: 19741056 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00121.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Renin release from the juxtaglomerular (JG) cell is stimulated by the second messenger cAMP and inhibited by calcium. We previously showed JG cells contain a calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), which, when stimulated, decreases cAMP formation and inhibits renin release. We hypothesize CaSR activation decreases cAMP and renin release, in part, by stimulating a calcium calmodulin-activated phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1). We incubated our primary culture of JG cells with two selective PDE1 inhibitors [8-methoxymethil-IBMX (8-MM-IBMX; 20 microM) and vinpocetine (40 microM)] and the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 (10 microM) and measured cAMP and renin release. Stimulation of the JG cell CaSR with the calcimimetic cinacalcet (1 microM) resulted in decreased cAMP from a basal of 1.13 +/- 0.14 to 0.69 +/- 0.08 pM/mg protein (P < 0.001) and in renin release from 0.89 +/- 0.16 to 0.38 +/- 0.08 microg ANG I/mlxh(-1)xmg protein(-1) (P < 0.001). However, the addition of 8-MM-IBMX with cinacalcet returned both cAMP (1.10 +/- 0.19 pM/mg protein) and renin (0.57 +/- 0.16 microg ANG I/mlxh(-1)xmg protein(-1)) to basal levels. Similar results were obtained with vinpocetine, and also with W-7. Combining 8-MM-IBMX and W-7 had no additive effect. To determine which PDE1 isoform is involved, we performed Western blot analysis for PDE1A, B, and C. Only Western blot analysis for PDE1C showed a characteristic band apparent at 80 kDa. Immunofluorescence showed cytoplasmic distribution of PDE1C and renin in the JG cells. In conclusion, PDE1C is expressed in isolated JG cells, and contributes to calcium's inhibitory modulation of renin release from JG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cecilia Ortiz-Capisano
- Department of Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Kaumann AJ, Galindo-Tovar A, Escudero E, Vargas ML. Phosphodiesterases do not limit beta1-adrenoceptor-mediated sinoatrial tachycardia: evidence with PDE3 and PDE4 in rabbits and PDE1-5 in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2009; 380:421-30. [PMID: 19693491 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian heart expresses at least five phosphodiesterases (PDE1-5). Catecholamines produce surges of inotropically relevant cAMP through beta(1)-adrenoceptor stimulation. cAMP is mainly hydrolysed by PDE3 and/or PDE4 thereby blunting contractility. Basal sinoatrial beating rate in mouse, rat, piglet and rabbit sinoatrial cells is reduced by PDE3 and/or PDE4 through hydrolysis of cAMP. However, in rodents, the tachycardia elicited by catecholamines through production of cAMP by beta-adrenoceptor activation is not controlled by PDE3 and PDE4, despite a blunting effect of PDE3 or/and PDE4 on basal sinoatrial beating, but it is unknown whether PDE3 limits catecholamine-evoked tachycardia in the rabbit. Since rabbit sinoatrial cells are an important model for pacemaker research, we investigated whether the positive chronotropic effects of (-)-noradrenaline on spontaneously beating right atria of the rabbit are potentiated by inhibition of PDE3 with cilostamide (300 nM). We also studied the sinoatrial effects of the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram (10 microM) and its influence on the responses to (-)-noradrenaline. For comparison, we investigated the influence of cilostamide and rolipram on the positive inotropic responses to (-)-noradrenaline on rabbit left atria and right ventricular papillary muscles. Cilostamide and concurrent cilostamide + rolipram, but not rolipram alone, increased sinoatrial rate by 15% and 31% of the effect of (-)-isoprenaline (200 microM) but the PDE inhibitors did not significantly change the chronotropic potency of (-)-noradrenaline. In contrast in papillary muscle, the positive inotropic effects of (-)-noradrenaline were potentiated 2.4-, 2.6- and 44-fold by cilostamide, rolipram and concurrent cilostamide + rolipram, respectively. In left atrium, the positive inotropic effects of (-)-noradrenaline were marginally potentiated by cilostamide, as well as potentiated 2.7- and 32-fold by rolipram and by concurrent cilostamide and rolipram respectively. To compare the influence of PDE1-5 on basal sinoatrial rate and (-)-noradrenaline-evoked tachycardia, we investigated on rat right atria the effects of selective inhibitors. The PDE4 inhibitor rolipram and non-selective inhibitor isobutyl-methylxanthine caused tachycardia with -logEC(50)s of 7.2 and 5.0 and E(max) of 18% and 102% of (-)-isoprenaline, respectively. Rolipram did not change the chronotropic potency of (-)-noradrenaline. At high concentrations (10-30 microM), the PDE1, PDE3 and PDE5 inhibitors 8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, cilostamide and sildenafil, respectively, caused marginal tachycardia but did not significantly change the chronotropic potency of (-)-noradrenaline. The PDE2-selective inhibitor erythro-9-[2-hydroxy-3-nonyl]adenine caused marginal bradycardia at 30 microM and tended to reduce the chronotropic potency of (-)-noradrenaline. Rabbit PDE3 reduces basal sinoatrial rate. Although PDE4 only marginally reduces rate, under conditions of PDE3 inhibition, it further reduces sinoatrial rate. Both PDE3 and PDE4 control atrial and ventricular positive inotropic effects of (-)-noradrenaline. In contrast, neither PDE3 nor PDE4 limit the sinoatrial tachycardia induced by (-)-noradrenaline. In the rat, only PDE4, but not PDE1, PDE2, PDE3 and PDE5, reduces basal sinoatrial rate. None of the five rat PDEs limits the (-)-noradrenaline-evoked tachycardia. Taken together, these results confirm and expand evidence for our proposal that the cAMP-compartment modulating basal sinoatrial rate, controlled by PDE3 and/or PDE4, is different from the PDE-resistant cAMP compartment involved in beta(1)-adrenoceptor-mediated sinoatrial tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Kaumann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Physiology Building, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
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