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Tian L, Guo T, Wu F, Bai R, Ai S, Wang H, Song Y, Zhu M, Jiang Y, Ma S, Zhuang X, Guo S. The pseudoenzyme ADPRHL1 affects cardiac function by regulating the ROCK pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:309. [PMID: 37880701 PMCID: PMC10601310 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudoenzymes, catalytically deficient variants of active enzymes, have a wide range of regulatory functions. ADP-ribosylhydrolase-like 1 (ADPRHL1), a pseudoenzyme belonging to a small group of ADP-ribosylhydrolase enzymes that lacks the amino acid residues necessary for catalytic activity, may have a significant role in heart development based on accumulating evidence. However, the specific function of ADPRHL1 in this process has not been elucidated. To investigate the role of ADPRHL1 in the heart, we generated the first in vitro human embryonic stem cell model with an ADPRHL1 knockout. METHOD Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we generated ADPRHL1 knockout in the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) H9 line. The cells were differentiated into cardiomyocytes using a chemically defined and xeno-free method. We employed confocal laser microscopy to detect calcium transients and microelectrode array (MEA) to assess the electrophysiological activity of ADPRHL1 deficiency cardiomyocytes. Additionally, we investigated the cellular mechanism of ADPRHL1 by Bulk RNA sequencing and western blot. RESULTS The results indicate that the absence of ADPRHL1 in cardiomyocytes led to adhered abnormally, as well as perturbations in calcium transients and electrophysiological activity. We also revealed that disruption of focal adhesion formation in these cardiomyocytes was due to an excessive upregulation of the ROCK-myosin II pathway. Notably, inhibition of ROCK and myosin II effectively restores focal adhesions in ADPRHL1-deficient cardiomyocytes and improved electrical conduction and calcium activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that ADPRHL1 plays a critical role in maintaining the proper function of cardiomyocytes by regulating the ROCK-myosin II pathway, suggesting that it may serve as a potential drug target for the treatment of ADPRHL1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fujian Wu
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sinan Ai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Rd 167, Xicheng District, Beijing City, 100037, China
| | - Yuanxiu Song
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Rd 167, Xicheng District, Beijing City, 100037, China
| | - Youxu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, 450053, China
| | - Shuhong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Rd 167, Xicheng District, Beijing City, 100037, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Rd 167, Xicheng District, Beijing City, 100037, China.
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Kaya ZB, Karakoc E, McLean PJ, Saka E, Atilla P. Post-inflammatory administration of N-acetylcysteine reduces inflammation and alters receptor levels in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. FASEB Bioadv 2023; 5:263-276. [PMID: 37415931 PMCID: PMC10320847 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2022-00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with a prevalence of 1% over the age of 55. Neuropathological hallmarks of PD include the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the accumulation of Lewy bodies that contain a variety of proteins and lipids including alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Although the formation of α-syn occurs intracellularly, it can also be found in the extracellular space where it can be taken up by neighboring cells. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is an immune system receptor that has been shown to recognize extracellular α-syn and modulate its uptake by other cells. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3), an immune checkpoint receptor, has also been proposed to play a role in extracellular α-syn internalization; however, a recent study has disputed this role. Internalized α-syn can trigger expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 and induce neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and mitophagy that results in cellular death. In this study, we tested if N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic drug, can circumvent the detrimental effects of neuroinflammation and induce an anti-inflammatory response by modulating transcription and expression of TLR2 and LAG3 receptors. Cells overexpressing wild-type α-syn were treated with TNF-α to induce inflammation followed by NAC to inhibit the deleterious effects of TNF-α-induced inflammation and apoptosis. SNCA gene transcription and α-syn protein expression were validated by q-PCR and Western blot (WB), respectively. Cell viability was measured, and apoptosis was evaluated by WB and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling methods. Alterations in LAG3 and TLR2 receptor levels were evaluated by immunofluorescent labeling, WB, and q-PCR. TNF-α not only increased inflammation but also increased endogenous and overexpressed α-syn levels. NAC treatment decreased expression of TLR2 and increased transcription of LAG3 receptor and diminished inflammation-mediated toxicity and cell death. Here, we demonstrate that NAC can reduce neuroinflammation that occurs as a result of alpha-synuclein overexpression, via a TLR2-associated pathway, making it a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention. Further studies are needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms and pathways related to neuroinflammation in PD and to develop possible new therapeutic approaches to slow the clinical progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Bengisu Kaya
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyHacettepe University Faculty of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
| | - Elif Karakoc
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyHacettepe University Faculty of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
| | | | - Esen Saka
- Department of NeurologyHacettepe University Faculty of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
| | - Pergin Atilla
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyHacettepe University Faculty of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
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3
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Fasano M, Alberio T. Neurodegenerative disorders: From clinicopathology convergence to systems biology divergence. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 192:73-86. [PMID: 36796949 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85538-9.00007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial. This means that several genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors contribute to their emergence. Therefore, for the future management of these highly prevalent diseases, it is necessary to change perspective. If a holistic viewpoint is assumed, the phenotype (the clinicopathological convergence) emerges from the perturbation of a complex system of functional interactions among proteins (systems biology divergence). The systems biology top-down approach starts with the unbiased collection of sets of data generated through one or more -omics techniques and has the aim to identify the networks and the components that participate in the generation of a phenotype (disease), often without any available a priori knowledge. The principle behind the top-down method is that the molecular components that respond similarly to experimental perturbations are somehow functionally related. This allows the study of complex and relatively poorly characterized diseases without requiring extensive knowledge of the processes under investigation. In this chapter, the use of a global approach will be applied to the comprehension of neurodegeneration, with a particular focus on the two most prevalent ones, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The final purpose is to distinguish disease subtypes (even with similar clinical manifestations) to launch a future of precision medicine for patients with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fasano
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio and Como, Italy; Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio and Como, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio and Como, Italy; Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio and Como, Italy
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4
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de Siqueira EA, Magalhães EP, de Assis ALC, Sampaio TL, Lima DB, Marinho MM, Martins AMC, de Andrade GM, de Barros Viana GS. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) Shows a Neuroprotective Action Against Rotenone Toxicity on PC12 Cells: An In Vitro Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:250-262. [PMID: 36066698 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra, and PD brains show neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The study evaluated the neuroprotective activity of 1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (VD3), on the rotenone (ROT)-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. The viability parameters were assessed by the MTT and flow cytometry, on cells treated or not with VD3 and/or ROT. Besides, ROS production, cell death, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, reduced GSH, superoxide accumulation, molecular docking (TH and Keap1-Nrf2), and TH, Nrf2, NF-kB, and VD3 receptor protein contents by western blot were evaluated. VD3 was shown to improve the viability of ROT-exposed cells. Cells exposed to ROT showed increased production of ROS and superoxide, which decreased after VD3. ROT decrease in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential was prevented, after VD3 treatment and, VD3 was shown to interact with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Nrf2. While ROT decreased TH, Nrf2, and NF-kB expressions, these effects were reversed by VD3. In addition, VD3 also increased VD3 receptor protein contents and values went back to those of controls after ROT exposure. VD3 protects PC12 cells against ROT damage, by decreasing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function. One target seems to be the TH molecule and possibly an indirect Nrf2 activation could also justify its neuroprotective actions on this PC12 cell model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlânia Alves de Siqueira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Paula Magalhães
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Lima Sampaio
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danya Bandeira Lima
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcia Machado Marinho
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Geanne Matos de Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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The Potential Role of Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4665530. [PMID: 36246397 PMCID: PMC9556184 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4665530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease second only to Alzheimer’s disease in terms of prevalence. Previous studies have indicated that the occurrence and progression of PD are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most important causes for apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, maintaining the stability of mitochondrial functioning is a potential strategy in the treatment of PD. Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is the main component in the outer mitochondrial membrane, and it participates in a variety of biological processes. In this review, we focus on the potential roles of VDACs in the treatment of PD. We found that VDACs are involved in PD by regulating apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. VDAC1 oligomerization, VDACs ubiquitination, regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) by VDACs, and interaction between VDACs and α-synuclein (α-syn) are all promising methods for the treatment of PD. We proposed that inhibition of VDAC1 oligomerization and promotion of VDAC1 ubiquitination as an effective approach for the treatment of PD. Previous studies have proven that the expression of VDAC1 has a significant change in PD models. The expression levels of VDAC1 are decreased in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients suffering from PD compared with the control group consisting of normal individuals by using bioinformatics tools. VDAC2 is involved in PD mainly through the regulation of apoptosis. VDAC3 may have a similar function to VDAC1. It can be concluded that the functional roles of VDACs contribute to the therapeutic strategy of PD.
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Alberio T, Brughera M, Lualdi M. Current Insights on Neurodegeneration by the Italian Proteomics Community. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092297. [PMID: 36140397 PMCID: PMC9496271 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing number of patients affected by neurodegenerative disorders represents a huge problem for healthcare systems, human society, and economics. In this context, omics strategies are crucial for the identification of molecular factors involved in disease pathobiology, and for the discovery of biomarkers that allow early diagnosis, patients’ stratification, and treatment response prediction. The integration of different omics data is a required step towards the goal of personalized medicine. The Italian proteomics community is actively developing and applying proteomics approaches to the study of neurodegenerative disorders; moreover, it is leading the mitochondria-focused initiative of the Human Proteome Project, which is particularly important given the central role of mitochondrial impairment in neurodegeneration. Here, we describe how Italian research groups in proteomics have contributed to the knowledge of many neurodegenerative diseases, through the elucidation of the pathobiology of these disorders, and through the discovery of disease biomarkers. In particular, we focus on the central role of post-translational modifications analysis, the implementation of network-based approaches in functional proteomics, the integration of different omics in a systems biology view, and the development of novel platforms for biomarker discovery for the high-throughput quantification of thousands of proteins at a time.
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7
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A review: traditional herbs and remedies impacting pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:495-513. [PMID: 35258640 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, leading to misbalance and loss of coordination. Current therapies are claimed only for symptomatic relief, on long-term use, which causes alteration in basal ganglia, and give rise to various adverse effects like dyskinesia and extra pyramidal side effects, which is reversed and proved to be attenuated with the help of various herbal approaches. Therefore, in order to attenuate the dopaminergic complications, focus of current research has been shifted from dopaminergic to non-dopaminergic strategies. Herbs and herbal remedies seems to be a better option to overcome the complications associated with current dopaminergic therapies. In recent years, various herbs and herbal remedies based on Ayurveda, traditional Chinese and Korean remedies, have become the target of various researches. These herbs and their bioactive compound are being extensively used to treat PD in India, China, Japan, and Korea. The major focus of this current review is to analyze preclinical studies with reference to various herbs, bioactive compounds, and traditional remedies for the management of Parkinson disorder, which will give an insight towards clinical trials.
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8
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Voisin A, Gaillard A, Balbous A, Leveziel N. Proteins Associated with Phagocytosis Alteration in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Derived from Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040713. [PMID: 35453399 PMCID: PMC9028973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is partially characterized by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell dysfunction. This study focused on phagocytosis activity and its involvement in AMD. Phagocytic activity was analyzed by flow cytometry using porcine photoreceptor outer segment (POS) and fluorescent beads in basal and under oxidative stress condition induced by Fe-NTA in fifteen hiPSC-RPE cell lines (six controls, six atrophic AMD and three exudative AMD). Oxidative stress exposure inhibited phagocytosis in the same manner for control, atrophic AMD (AMDa) and exudative AMD (AMDe) cell lines. However, altered phagocytosis in basal condition in hiPSC-RPE AMDa/e was observed compared to control cell lines. Gene expression after 3 or 24 h of POS incubation was analyzed by RNA-Seq based transcriptomic profiling. Differential gene expression was observed by RNA seq after 3 and 24 h POS exposure. We have focused on the genes involved in mTOR/PI3K-AKT/MEK-ERK pathway. We investigated differences in gene expression by analyzing the expression levels and activity of the corresponding proteins by Western blot. We showed the involvement of three proteins essential for phagocytosis activity: fak, tuberin and rictor. These findings demonstrate that hiPSC-RPE AMDa/e cells have a typical disease phenotype characterized by alteration of the main function of RPE cells, phagocytosis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Voisin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Equipe Thérapie Cellulaire dans les Pathologies Cérébrales, INSERM, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (A.G.); (A.B.); (N.L.)
- CHU Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Afsaneh Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Equipe Thérapie Cellulaire dans les Pathologies Cérébrales, INSERM, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (A.G.); (A.B.); (N.L.)
| | - Anaïs Balbous
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Equipe Thérapie Cellulaire dans les Pathologies Cérébrales, INSERM, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (A.G.); (A.B.); (N.L.)
- CHU Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Leveziel
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Equipe Thérapie Cellulaire dans les Pathologies Cérébrales, INSERM, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (A.G.); (A.B.); (N.L.)
- CHU Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France
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9
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Arango D, Bittar A, Esmeral NP, Ocasión C, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC, Reyes LH, Bloch NI. Understanding the Potential of Genome Editing in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9241. [PMID: 34502143 PMCID: PMC8430539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR is a simple and cost-efficient gene-editing technique that has become increasingly popular over the last decades. Various CRISPR/Cas-based applications have been developed to introduce changes in the genome and alter gene expression in diverse systems and tissues. These novel gene-editing techniques are particularly promising for investigating and treating neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, for which we currently lack efficient disease-modifying treatment options. Gene therapy could thus provide treatment alternatives, revolutionizing our ability to treat this disease. Here, we review our current knowledge on the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease to highlight the main biological pathways that become disrupted in Parkinson's disease and their potential as gene therapy targets. Next, we perform a comprehensive review of novel delivery vehicles available for gene-editing applications, critical for their successful application in both innovative research and potential therapies. Finally, we review the latest developments in CRISPR-based applications and gene therapies to understand and treat Parkinson's disease. We carefully examine their advantages and shortcomings for diverse gene-editing applications in the brain, highlighting promising avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arango
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Amaury Bittar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Natalia P. Esmeral
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Camila Ocasión
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.O.); (L.H.R.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.O.); (L.H.R.)
| | - Natasha I. Bloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
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10
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Fu M. Drug discovery from traditional Chinese herbal medicine using high content imaging technology. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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11
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García-Pardo J, Novio F, Nador F, Cavaliere I, Suárez-García S, Lope-Piedrafita S, Candiota AP, Romero-Gimenez J, Rodríguez-Galván B, Bové J, Vila M, Lorenzo J, Ruiz-Molina D. Bioinspired Theranostic Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Intranasal Dopamine Replacement in Parkinson's Disease. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8592-8609. [PMID: 33885286 PMCID: PMC8558863 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is one of the main neurotransmitters found in the central nervous system and has a vital role in the function of dopaminergic (DArgic) neurons. A progressive loss of this specific subset of cells is one of the hallmarks of age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Symptomatic therapy for PD has been centered in the precursor l-DOPA administration, an amino acid precursor of DA that crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) while DA does not, although this approach presents medium- to long-term side effects. To overcome this limitation, DA-nanoencapsulation therapies are actively being searched as an alternative for DA replacement. However, overcoming the low yield of encapsulation and/or poor biodistribution/bioavailability of DA is still a current challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of a family of neuromelanin bioinspired polymeric nanoparticles. Our system is based on the encapsulation of DA within nanoparticles through its reversible coordination complexation to iron metal nodes polymerized with a bis-imidazol ligand. Our methodology, in addition to being simple and inexpensive, results in DA loading efficiencies of up to 60%. In vitro, DA nanoscale coordination polymers (DA-NCPs) exhibited lower toxicity, degradation kinetics, and enhanced uptake by BE(2)-M17 DArgic cells compared to free DA. Direct infusion of the particles in the ventricle of rats in vivo showed a rapid distribution within the brain of healthy rats, leading to an increase in striatal DA levels. More importantly, after 4 days of nasal administrations with DA-NCPs equivalent to 200 μg of the free drug per day, the number and duration of apomorphine-induced rotations was significantly lower from that in either vehicle or DA-treated rats performed for comparison purposes. Overall, this study demonstrates the advantages of using nanostructured DA for DA-replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Pardo
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica
de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Fernando Novio
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabiana Nador
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivana Cavaliere
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvio Suárez-García
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Lope-Piedrafita
- Centro
de Investigacion Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería,
Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica
Nuclear, Institut de Neurociències,
Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Candiota
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica
de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Centro
de Investigacion Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería,
Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Jordi Romero-Gimenez
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center
for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Edifici Collserola Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron,
129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Galván
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center
for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Edifici Collserola Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron,
129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bové
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center
for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Edifici Collserola Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron,
129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica
Nuclear, Institut de Neurociències,
Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center
for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Edifici Collserola Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron,
129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica
de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Molina
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Wen S, Aki T, Unuma K, Uemura K. Chemically Induced Models of Parkinson's Disease: History and Perspectives for the Involvement of Ferroptosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:581191. [PMID: 33424553 PMCID: PMC7786020 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.581191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of necrotic cell death characterized by its dependency on iron and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis has attracted much attention recently in the area of neurodegeneration since the involvement of ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD), a major neurodegenerative disease, has been indicated using animal models. Although PD is associated with both genetic and environmental factors, sporadic forms of PD account for more than 90% of total PD. Following the importance of environmental factors, various neurotoxins are used as chemical inducers of PD both in vivo and in vitro. In contrast to other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases (AD and HD), many of the characteristics of PD can be reproduced in vivo by the use of specific neurotoxins. Given the indication of ferroptosis in PD pathology, several studies have been conducted to examine whether ferroptosis plays role in the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. However, there are still few reports showing an authentic form of ferroptosis in neuronal cells during exposure to the neurotoxins used as PD inducers. In this review article, we summarize the history of the uses of chemicals to create PD models in vivo and in vitro. Besides, we also survey recent reports examining the possible involvement of ferroptosis in chemical models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Wen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Unuma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Uemura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Dąbkowska M, Łuczkowska K, Rogińska D, Sobuś A, Wasilewska M, Ulańczyk Z, Machaliński B. Novel design of (PEG-ylated)PAMAM-based nanoparticles for sustained delivery of BDNF to neurotoxin-injured differentiated neuroblastoma cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:120. [PMID: 32867843 PMCID: PMC7457365 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential for the development and function of human neurons, therefore it is a promising target for neurodegenerative disorders treatment. Here, we studied BDNF-based electrostatic complex with dendrimer nanoparticles encapsulated in polyethylene glycol (PEG) in neurotoxin-treated, differentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, a model of neurodegenerative mechanisms. PEG layer was adsorbed at dendrimer-protein core nanoparticles to decrease their cellular uptake and to reduce BDNF-other proteins interactions for a prolonged time. Cytotoxicity and confocal microscopy analysis revealed PEG-ylated BDNF-dendrimer nanoparticles can be used for continuous neurotrophic factor delivery to the neurotoxin-treated cells over 24 h without toxic effect. We offer a reliable electrostatic route for efficient encapsulation and controlled transport of fragile therapeutic proteins without any covalent cross-linker; this could be considered as a safe drug delivery system. Understanding the polyvalent BDNF interactions with dendrimer core nanoparticles offers new possibilities for design of well-ordered protein drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dąbkowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogińska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Sobuś
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Monika Wasilewska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239, Cracow, Poland
| | - Zofia Ulańczyk
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204, Szczecin, Poland.
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14
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Ferrari E, Cardinale A, Picconi B, Gardoni F. From cell lines to pluripotent stem cells for modelling Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 340:108741. [PMID: 32311374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) that contributes to the main motor symptoms of the disease. At present, even if several advancements have been done in the last decades, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis are far to be fully understood. Accordingly, the establishment of reliable in vitro experimental models to investigate the early events of the pathogenesis represents a key issue in the field. However, to mimic and reproduce in vitro the complex neuronal circuitry involved in PD-associated degeneration of DAergic neurons still remains a highly challenging issue. Here we will review the in vitro PD models used in the last 25 years of research, ranging from cell lines, primary rat or mice neuronal cultures to the more recent use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and, finally, the development of 3D midbrain organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ferrari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Picconi
- Università Telematica San Raffaele, Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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15
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Lewis FW, Fairooz S, Elson JL, Hubscher-Bruder V, Brandel J, Soundararajan M, Smith D, Dexter DT, Tétard D, Pienaar IS. Novel 1-hydroxypyridin-2-one metal chelators prevent and rescue ubiquitin proteasomal-related neuronal injury in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:813-831. [PMID: 32078022 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) impairment, excessive cellular oxidative stress, and iron dyshomeostasis are key to substantia nigra dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, a link between these features remains unconfirmed. Using the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin we confirm that nigral injury via UPS impairment disrupts iron homeostasis, in turn increasing oxidative stress and promoting protein aggregation. We demonstrate the neuroprotective potential of two novel 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone (1,2-HOPO) iron chelators, compounds C6 and C9, against lactacystin-induced cell death. We demonstrate that this cellular preservation relates to the compounds' iron chelating capabilities and subsequent reduced capacity of iron to form reactive oxygen species (ROS), where we also show that the ligands act as antioxidant agents. Our results also demonstrate the ability of C6 and C9 to reduce intracellular lactacystin-induced α-synuclein burden. Stability constant measurements confirmed a high affinity of C6 and C9 for Fe3+ and display a 3:1 HOPO:Fe3+ complex formation at physiological pH. Reducing iron reactivity could prevent the demise of nigral dopaminergic neurons. We provide evidence that the lactacystin model presents with several neuropathological hallmarks of PD related to iron dyshomeostasis and that the novel chelating compounds C6 and C9 can protect against lactacystin-related neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Lewis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Safiya Fairooz
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Véronique Hubscher-Bruder
- Hubert Curien Pluridisciplinary Institute (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jeremy Brandel
- Hubert Curien Pluridisciplinary Institute (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Meera Soundararajan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - David Smith
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - David T Dexter
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - David Tétard
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Ilse S Pienaar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9PH, UK.
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16
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Lualdi M, Ronci M, Zilocchi M, Corno F, Turilli ES, Sponchiado M, Aceto A, Alberio T, Fasano M. Exploring the Mitochondrial Degradome by the TAILS Proteomics Approach in a Cellular Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:195. [PMID: 31417398 PMCID: PMC6685049 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease worldwide and the availability of early biomarkers and novel biotargets represents an urgent medical need. The main pathogenetic hallmark of PD is the specific loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, in which mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role. Mitochondrial proteases are central to the maintenance of healthy mitochondria and they have recently emerged as drug targets. However, an exhaustive characterization of these enzymes and their targets is still lacking, due to difficulties in analyzing proteolytic fragments by bottom-up proteomics approaches. Here, we propose the “mitochondrial dimethylation-TAILS” strategy, which combines the isolation of mitochondria with the enrichment of N-terminal peptides to analyze the mitochondrial N-terminome. We applied this method in a cellular model of altered dopamine homeostasis in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, which recapitulates early steps of PD pathogenesis. The main aim was to identify candidate mitochondrial proteases aberrantly activated by dopamine dysregulation and their cleaved targets. The proposed degradomics workflow was able to improve the identification of mitochondrial proteins if compared to classical shotgun analysis. In detail, 40% coverage of the mitochondrial proteome was obtained, the sequences of the transit peptides of two mitochondrial proteins were unveiled, and a consensus cleavage sequence for proteases involved in the processing of mitochondrial proteins was depicted. Mass spectrometry proteomics data have been submitted to ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD013900. Moreover, sixty-one N-terminal peptides whose levels were affected by dopamine treatment were identified. By an in-depth analysis of the proteolytic peptides included in this list, eleven mitochondrial proteins showed altered proteolytic processing. One of these proteins (i.e., the 39S ribosomal protein L49 – MRPL49) was cleaved by the neprilysin protease, already exploited in clinics as a biotarget. We eventually demonstrated a mitochondrial subcellular localization of neprilysin in human cells for the first time. Collectively, these results shed new light on mitochondrial dysfunction linked to dopamine imbalance in PD and opened up the possibility to explore the mitochondrial targets of neprilysin as candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lualdi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Zilocchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Federica Corno
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Emily S Turilli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Mauro Sponchiado
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Antonio Aceto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
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17
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Delenclos M, Burgess JD, Lamprokostopoulou A, Outeiro TF, Vekrellis K, McLean PJ. Cellular models of alpha-synuclein toxicity and aggregation. J Neurochem 2019; 150:566-576. [PMID: 31265132 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) with concomitant cytotoxicity is a hallmark of Lewy body related disorders such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Although it plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis and disease progression, the function of α-synuclein and the molecular mechanisms underlying α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity in these diseases are still elusive. Many in vitro and in vivo experimental models mimicking α-synuclein pathology such as oligomerization, toxicity and more recently neuronal propagation have been generated over the years. In particular, cellular models have been crucial for our comprehension of the pathogenic process of the disease and are beneficial for screening of molecules capable of modulating α-synuclein toxicity. Here, we review α-synuclein based cell culture models that reproduce some features of the neuronal populations affected in patients, from basic unicellular organisms to mammalian cell lines and primary neurons, to the cutting edge models of patient-specific cell lines. These reprogrammed cells known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have garnered attention because they closely reproduce the characteristics of neurons found in patients and provide a valuable tool for mechanistic studies. We also discuss how different cell models may constitute powerful tools for high-throughput screening of molecules capable of modulating α-synuclein toxicity and prevention of its propagation. This article is part of the Special Issue "Synuclein".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Delenclos
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeremy D Burgess
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Agaristi Lamprokostopoulou
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pamela J McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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18
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Titze-de-Almeida R, Titze-de-Almeida SS, Ferreira NR, Fontanari C, Faccioli LH, Del Bel E. Suppressing nNOS Enzyme by Small-Interfering RNAs Protects SH-SY5Y Cells and Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons from 6-OHDA Injury. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:117-131. [PMID: 31041676 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has chemical properties that make it uniquely suitable as an intracellular and intercellular messenger. NO is produced by the activity of the enzyme nitric oxide synthases (NOS). There is substantial and mounting evidence that slight abnormalities of NO may underlie a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders. NO participates of the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes that contribute to the progressive dopaminergic loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the effects of neuronal NOS-targeted siRNAs on the injury caused in dopaminergic neurons by the toxin 6-hidroxydopamine (6-OHDA). First, we confirmed (immunohistochemistry and Western blotting) that SH-SY5Y cell lineage expresses the dopaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the protein under analysis, neuronal NOS (nNOS). We designed four siRNAs by using the BIOPREDsi algorithm choosing the one providing the highest knockdown of nNOS mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells, as determined by qPCR. siRNA 4400 carried by liposomes was internalized into cells, caused a concentration-dependent knockdown on nNOS, and reduced the toxicity induced by 6-OHDA (p < 0.05). Regarding in vivo action in the dopamine-depleted animals, intra-striatal injection of siRNA 4400 at 4 days prior 6-OHDA produced a decrease in the rotational behavior induced by apomorphine. Finally, siRNA 4400 mitigated the loss of TH(+) cells in substantia nigra dorsal and ventral part. In conclusion, the suppression of nNOS enzyme by targeted siRNAs modified the progressive death of dopaminergic cells induced by 6-OHDA and merits further pre-clinical investigations as a neuroprotective approach for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, University of Brasília-FAV, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Simoneide S Titze-de-Almeida
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, University of Brasília-FAV, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Nadia Rubia Ferreira
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fontanari
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Raza C, Anjum R, Shakeel NUA. Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms, translational models and management strategies. Life Sci 2019; 226:77-90. [PMID: 30980848 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The classical motor symptoms include resting tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability and are accompanied by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and Lewy pathology. Diminished neurotransmitter level, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and perturbed protein homeostasis over time worsen the disease manifestations in elderly people. Current management strategies aim to provide symptomatic relief and to slow down the disease progression. However, no pharmacological breakthrough has been made to protect dopaminergic neurons and associated motor circuitry components. Deep brain stimulation, stem cells-derived dopaminergic neurons transplantation, gene editing and gene transfer remain promising approaches for the potential management of neurodegenerative disease. Toxin or genetically induced rodent models replicating Parkinson's disease pathology are of high predictive value for translational research. This review addresses the current understanding, management strategies and the Parkinson's disease models for translational research. Preclinical research may provide powerful tools to quest the potential therapeutic and neuroprotective compounds for dopaminergic neurons and hence possible cure for the Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chand Raza
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Rabia Anjum
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Noor Ul Ain Shakeel
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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20
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Tavakol S, Rasoulian B, Ramezani F, Hoveizi E, Tavakol B, Rezayat SM. Core and biological motif of self-assembling peptide nanofiber induce a stronger electrostatic interaction than BMP2 with BMP2 receptor 1A. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 101:148-158. [PMID: 31029307 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that nanotopography can trigger colocalization of integrins and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) receptors (e.g., BMPR1A), thereby leading to osteogenesis. In this study, the bone marrow homing peptide 1 (BMHP1) motif was bound to a self-assembling peptide core to form a hydrogel-based nanofiber (R-BMHP1). The docking and molecular dynamic study revealed that the R-BMHP1 sequence induced a stronger electrostatic interaction than BMP2 through arginines in the RADA core sequence and through lysine24 in the BMHP1 motif with BMPR1A. Notably, decrease of polar solvation binding energy will enhance the total binding energy and increases bone regeneration even more than BMP2 The enhanced osteogenesis and bone repair potential of R-BMHP1 nanofiber might be related to its chemical interaction with BMPR1A, which triggered downstream signal transduction through osteogenic genes overexpression in osteo-differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as implanted critical-sized bone defects in rats. Following that, calcium deposition occurred by osteoblast-like cells, ALP activity increased in osteodifferentiation MSCs and rat serum, and calcium density improved in bone defects (X-ray). The nanofiber was biocompatible and enhanced the cell viability of MSCs, without multinuclear cell infiltration into the defect site. Taking everything into account, not only does nanotopography induce osteogenesis through colocalization of BMPRs and integrins, but also R-BMHP1 nanofibers (considering their chemical structure) induce cell proliferation, osteogenesis, and bone repair through strong electrostatic interaction with BMPR1A and downstream signaling. The entire outcome of this study manifests the plausibility of R-BMHP1 for spine and spinal cord injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bita Rasoulian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Hoveizi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Tavakol
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Rasoulian B, Almasi A, Hoveizi E, Bagher Z, Hayat P, Joghataei MT, Rezayat SM, Tavakol S. Strong binding active constituents of phytochemical to BMPR1A promote bone regeneration: In vitro, in silico docking, and in vivo studies. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14246-14258. [PMID: 30656682 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two of the most problematic orthopedic and neurosurgeon visits are associated with spine and craniofacial fractures. Therefore, more attention needs to be paid to finding a medicine to repair these fractures. Amongst the most mysterious herbs, Aloe vera stands out. In the present study, the ameliorating function of A. vera on osteogenesis was studied in vitro and in vivo. Osteoblast-like cells were exposed to A. vera, followed by analysis of cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase release, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The results showed an enhanced cell biocompatibility in a dose-dependent manner due to attenuated intracellular ROS production. Furthermore, a docking study indicated that the strong affinity of A. vera constituents to type I bone morphogenic protein receptor (BMPR1A) without the involvement of the BMPR1A chain B. The induction of osteogenesis prompts extracellular calcium deposition by osteoblasts, which affirms successful in vitro bone regeneration. However, injection of A. vera in rats with critical size calvarial defects induced Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), OCN, and BMP2 genes overexpression, which led to the formation of victorious bone with enhanced bone density and ALP activity. It is worthy to note that Aloin has the highest affinity to BMPR1A, whereas there are no reports regarding the impact of Aloenin, Aloesin, and γ-sitosterol on osteogenesis. Furthermore, some of them have antitumor potency, and it might be proposed that they are considered as a bone substitute in the osteotomy site of osteosarcoma with the aim of bone recovery and suppression of osteosarcoma. The whole consequences of this investigation manifests the plausibility of using A. vera as an antioxidant and osteoconductive substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Rasoulian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Almasi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Hoveizi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zohre Bagher
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Hayat
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Tavakol S, Hoveizi E, Tavakol B, Azedi F, Ebrahimi‐Barough S, Keyhanvar P, Joghataei MT. Small molecule of sphingosine as a rescue of dopaminergic cells: A cell therapy approach in neurodegenerative diseases therapeutics. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:11401-11410. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Unit Tehran Iran
| | - Elham Hoveizi
- Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
| | - Behnaz Tavakol
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Fereshteh Azedi
- Department of Neuroscience Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi‐Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Peyman Keyhanvar
- School of Advanced medical sciences, Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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23
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Seyfizadeh N, Seyfizadeh N, Rahbarghazi R, Nourazarian A, Borzouisileh S, Palideh A, Elahimanesh F, Hamishehkar H, Salimi L, Nouri M, Abtin M. Isolation and characterization of human amniotic fluid and SH-SY5Y/BE(2)-M17 cell derived exosomes. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2019. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Fiory F, Mirra P, Nigro C, Pignalosa FC, Zatterale F, Ulianich L, Prevete N, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Miele C. Role of the HIF-1α/Nur77 axis in the regulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase expression by insulin in PC12 cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11861-11870. [PMID: 30536670 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), catalyzing the conversion of tyrosine into l-DOPA, is the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Defects in insulin action contribute to alterations of TH expression and/or activity in the brain and insulin increases TH levels in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated neuronal cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of TH by insulin have not been elucidated yet. Using PC12 cells, we show for the first time that insulin increases TH expression in a biphasic manner, with a transient peak at 2 hr and a delayed response at 16 hr, which persists for up to 24 hr. The use of a dominant negative hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and its pharmacological inhibitor chetomin, together with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments for the specific binding to TH promoter, demonstrate the direct role of HIF-1α in the early phase. Moreover, ChIP experiments and transfection of a dominant negative of the nerve growth factor IB (Nur77) indicate the involvement of Nur77 in the late phase insulin response, which is mediated by HIF-1α. In conclusion, the present study shows that insulin regulates TH expression through HIF-1α and Nur77 in PC12 cells, supporting the critical role of insulin signaling in maintaining an appropriate dopaminergic tone by regulating TH expression in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fiory
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Mirra
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiara Pignalosa
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zatterale
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ulianich
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
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25
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Marshall LJ, Willett C. Parkinson's disease research: adopting a more human perspective to accelerate advances. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1950-1961. [PMID: 30240875 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects 1% of the population over 60 years old and, with global increases in the aging population, presents huge economic and societal burdens. The etiology of PD remains unknown; most cases are idiopathic, presumed to result from genetic and environmental risk factors. Despite 200 years since the first description of PD, the mechanisms behind initiation and progression of the characteristic neurodegenerative processes are not known. Here, we review progress and limitations of the multiple PD animal models available and identify advances that could be implemented to better understand pathological processes, improve disease outcome, and reduce dependence on animal models. Lessons learned from reducing animal use in PD research could serve as guideposts for wider biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Marshall
- Humane Society International, The Humane Society of the United States, 700 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Catherine Willett
- Humane Society International, The Humane Society of the United States, 700 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA.
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26
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Current Screening Methodologies in Drug Discovery for Selected Human Diseases. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16080279. [PMID: 30110923 PMCID: PMC6117650 DOI: 10.3390/md16080279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase of many deadly diseases like infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria implies re-inventing the wheel on drug discovery. A better comprehension of the metabolisms and regulation of diseases, the increase in knowledge based on the study of disease-born microorganisms’ genomes, the development of more representative disease models and improvement of techniques, technologies, and computation applied to biology are advances that will foster drug discovery in upcoming years. In this paper, several aspects of current methodologies for drug discovery of antibacterial and antifungals, anti-tropical diseases, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing, anticancer and neuroprotectors are considered. For drug discovery, two different complementary approaches can be applied: classical pharmacology, also known as phenotypic drug discovery, which is the historical basis of drug discovery, and reverse pharmacology, also designated target-based drug discovery. Screening methods based on phenotypic drug discovery have been used to discover new natural products mainly from terrestrial origin. Examples of the discovery of marine natural products are provided. A section on future trends provides a comprehensive overview on recent advances that will foster the pharmaceutical industry.
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27
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Juárez-Flores DL, González-Casacuberta I, Ezquerra M, Bañó M, Carmona-Pontaque F, Catalán-García M, Guitart-Mampel M, Rivero JJ, Tobias E, Milisenda JC, Tolosa E, Marti MJ, Fernández-Santiago R, Cardellach F, Morén C, Garrabou G. Exhaustion of mitochondrial and autophagic reserve may contribute to the development of LRRK2 G2019S -Parkinson's disease. J Transl Med 2018; 16:160. [PMID: 29884186 PMCID: PMC5994110 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction has been described as etiologic factors in different experimental models of PD. We aimed to study the role of mitochondria and autophagy in LRRK2G2019S-mutation, and its relationship with the presence of PD-symptoms. Methods Fibroblasts from six non-manifesting LRRK2G2019S-carriers (NM-LRRK2G2019S) and seven patients with LRRK2G2019S-associated PD (PD-LRRK2G2019S) were compared to eight healthy controls (C). An exhaustive assessment of mitochondrial performance and autophagy was performed after 24-h exposure to standard (glucose) or mitochondrial-challenging environment (galactose), where mitochondrial and autophagy impairment may be heightened. Results A similar mitochondrial phenotype of NM-LRRK2G2019S and controls, except for an early mitochondrial depolarization (54.14% increased, p = 0.04), was shown in glucose. In response to galactose, mitochondrial dynamics of NM-LRRK2G2019S improved (− 17.54% circularity, p = 0.002 and + 42.53% form factor, p = 0.051), probably to maintain ATP levels over controls. A compromised bioenergetic function was suggested in PD-LRRK2G2019S when compared to controls in glucose media. An inefficient response to galactose and worsened mitochondrial dynamics (− 37.7% mitochondrial elongation, p = 0.053) was shown, leading to increased oxidative stress. Autophagy initiation (SQTSM/P62) was upregulated in NM-LRRK2G2019S when compared to controls (glucose + 118.4%, p = 0.014; galactose + 114.44%, p = 0.009,) and autophagosome formation increased in glucose media. Despite of elevated SQSTM1/P62 levels of PD-NMG2019S when compared to controls (glucose + 226.14%, p = 0.04; galactose + 78.5%, p = 0.02), autophagosome formation was deficient in PD-LRRK2G2019S when compared to NM-LRRK2G2019S (− 71.26%, p = 0.022). Conclusions Enhanced mitochondrial performance of NM-LRRK2G2019S in mitochondrial-challenging conditions and upregulation of autophagy suggests that an exhaustion of mitochondrial bioenergetic and autophagic reserve, may contribute to the development of PD in LRRK2G2019S mutation carriers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1526-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Luz Juárez-Flores
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid González-Casacuberta
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Laboratory of Parkinson disease and other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Bañó
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marc Catalán-García
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Guitart-Mampel
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Rivero
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Tobias
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Cesar Milisenda
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Tolosa
- Laboratory of Parkinson disease and other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Marti
- Laboratory of Parkinson disease and other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Fernández-Santiago
- Laboratory of Parkinson disease and other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Cardellach
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Morén
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Revisiting the Paraquat-Induced Sporadic Parkinson's Disease-Like Model. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1044-1055. [PMID: 29862459 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder that affects 1-2% of the total global population. Despite its high prevalence and publication of several studies focused on understanding its pathology, an effective treatment that stops and/or reverses the damage to dopaminergic neurons is unavailable. Similar to other neurodegenerative disorders, PD etiology may be linked to several factors, including genetic susceptibility and environmental elements. Regarding environmental factors, several neurotoxic pollutants, including 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), have been identified. Moreover, some pesticides/herbicides, such as rotenone, paraquat (PQ), maneb (MB), and mancozeb (MZ), cause neurotoxicity and induce a PD-like pathology. Based on these findings, several in vitro and in vivo PD-like models have been developed to understand the pathophysiology of PD and evaluate different therapeutic strategies to fight dopaminergic neurodegeneration. 6-OHDA and MPTP are common models used in PD research, and pesticide-based approaches have become secondary models of study. However, some herbicides, such as PQ, are commonly used by farming laborers in developing countries. Thus, the present review summarizes the relevant scientific background regarding the use and effects of chronic exposure to PQ in the context of PD. Similarly, we discuss the relevance of PD-like models developed using this agrochemical compound.
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29
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Zilocchi M, Finzi G, Lualdi M, Sessa F, Fasano M, Alberio T. Mitochondrial alterations in Parkinson's disease human samples and cellular models. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:61-72. [PMID: 29704589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment is one of the most important hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. In this work, we wanted to verify the molecular basis of altered mitochondrial dynamics and disposal in Substantia nigra specimens of sporadic PD patients, by the comparison with two cellular models of PD. Indeed, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with either dopamine or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in order to highlight the effect of altered dopamine homeostasis and of complex I inhibition, respectively. As a result, we found that fusion impairment of the inner mitochondrial membrane is a common feature of both PD human samples and cellular models. However, the effects of dopamine and MPP+ treatments resulted to be different in terms of the mitochondrial damage induced. Opposite changes in the levels of two mitochondrial protein markers (voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5β (COX5β)) were observed. In this case, dopamine treatment better recapitulated the molecular picture of patients' samples. Moreover, the accumulation of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), a mitophagy marker, was not observed in both PD patients samples and cellular models. Eventually, in transmission electron microscopy images, small electron dense deposits were observed in mitochondria of PD subjects, which are uniquely reproduced in dopamine-treated cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that the mitochondrial molecular landscape of Substantia nigra specimens of PD patients can be mirrored by the impaired dopamine homeostasis cellular model, thus supporting the hypothesis that alterations in this process could be a crucial pathogenetic event in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Zilocchi
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Giovanna Finzi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital ASST-Settelaghi, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Marta Lualdi
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital ASST-Settelaghi, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy.
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30
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Fan HC, Chi CS, Lee YJ, Tsai JD, Lin SZ, Harn HJ. The Role of Gene Editing in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:364-378. [PMID: 29766738 PMCID: PMC6038035 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717753378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), at least including Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases, have become the most dreaded maladies because there are no precise diagnostic tools or definite treatments for these debilitating diseases. The increased prevalence and a substantial impact on the social-economic and medical care of NDs propel governments to develop policies to counteract the impact. Although the etiologies of NDs are still unknown, growing evidence suggests that genetic, cellular, and circuit alternations may cause the generation of abnormal misfolded proteins, which uncontrolledly accumulate to damage and eventually overwhelm the protein-disposal mechanisms of these neurons, leading to a common pathological feature of NDs. If the functions and the connectivity can be restored, alterations and accumulated damages may improve. The gene-editing tools including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated nucleases (CRISPR/CAS) have emerged as a novel tool not only for generating specific ND animal models for interrogating the mechanisms and screening potential drugs against NDs but also for the editing sequence-specific genes to help patients with NDs to regain function and connectivity. This review introduces the clinical manifestations of three distinct NDs and the applications of the gene-editing technology on these debilitating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shiang Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Jing Lee
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Dau Tsai
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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31
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Avola R, Graziano ACE, Pannuzzo G, Albouchi F, Cardile V. New insights on Parkinson's disease from differentiation of SH-SY5Y into dopaminergic neurons: An involvement of aquaporin4 and 9. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:212-221. [PMID: 29428877 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to explore the behavior of aquaporins (AQPs) in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease that is a recurrent neurodegenerative disorder caused by the gradual, progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Because of postmortem studies have provided evidences for oxidative damage and alteration of water flow and energy metabolism, we carried out an investigation about AQP4 and 9, demonstrated in the brain to maintain water and energy homeostasis. As an appropriate in vitro cell model, we used SH-SY5Y cultures and induced their differentiation into a mature dopaminergic neuron phenotype with retinoic acid (RA) alone or in association with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (MPA). The association RA plus MPA provided the most complete and mature neuron phenotype, as demonstrated by high levels of β-Tubulin III, MAP-2, and tyrosine hydroxylase. After validation of cell differentiation, the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and H2O2 were applied to reproduce a Parkinson's-like stress. The results confirmed RA/MPA differentiated SH-SY5Y as a useful in vitro system for studying neurotoxicity and for using in a MPTP and H2O2-induced Parkinson's disease cell model. Moreover, the data demonstrated that neuronal differentiation, neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are strongly correlated with dynamic changes of AQP4 and 9 transcription and transduction. New in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to confirm these innovative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Adriana Carol Eleonora Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdaous Albouchi
- Laboratoire Materiaux Molecules et Applications, Institut Preparatoire au Etude Scientifique et Technique, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, La Marsa, 2070 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy.
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Nikitin D, Penzar D, Garazha A, Sorokin M, Tkachev V, Borisov N, Poltorak A, Prassolov V, Buzdin AA. Profiling of Human Molecular Pathways Affected by Retrotransposons at the Level of Regulation by Transcription Factor Proteins. Front Immunol 2018; 9:30. [PMID: 29441061 PMCID: PMC5797644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses and retrotransposons also termed retroelements (REs) are mobile genetic elements that were active until recently in human genome evolution. REs regulate gene expression by actively reshaping chromatin structure or by directly providing transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). We aimed to identify molecular processes most deeply impacted by the REs in human cells at the level of TFBS regulation. By using ENCODE data, we identified ~2 million TFBS overlapping with putatively regulation-competent human REs located in 5-kb gene promoter neighborhood (~17% of all TFBS in promoter neighborhoods; ~9% of all RE-linked TFBS). Most of REs hosting TFBS were highly diverged repeats, and for the evolutionary young (0–8% diverged) elements we identified only ~7% of all RE-linked TFBS. The gene-specific distributions of RE-linked TFBS generally correlated with the distributions for all TFBS. However, several groups of molecular processes were highly enriched in the RE-linked TFBS regulation. They were strongly connected with the immunity and response to pathogens, with the negative regulation of gene transcription, ubiquitination, and protein degradation, extracellular matrix organization, regulation of STAT signaling, fatty acids metabolism, regulation of GTPase activity, protein targeting to Golgi, regulation of cell division and differentiation, development and functioning of perception organs and reproductive system. By contrast, the processes most weakly affected by the REs were linked with the conservative aspects of embryo development. We also identified differences in the regulation features by the younger and older fractions of the REs. The regulation by the older fraction of the REs was linked mainly with the immunity, cell adhesion, cAMP, IGF1R, Notch, Wnt, and integrin signaling, neuronal development, chondroitin sulfate and heparin metabolism, and endocytosis. The younger REs regulate other aspects of immunity, cell cycle progression and apoptosis, PDGF, TGF beta, EGFR, and p38 signaling, transcriptional repression, structure of nuclear lumen, catabolism of phospholipids, and heterocyclic molecules, insulin and AMPK signaling, retrograde Golgi-ER transport, and estrogen signaling. The immunity-linked pathways were highly represented in both categories, but their functional roles were different and did not overlap. Our results point to the most quickly evolving molecular pathways in the recent and ancient evolution of human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Nikitin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Penzar
- The Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew Garazha
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,OmicsWay Corp., Walnut, CA, United States
| | - Maxim Sorokin
- OmicsWay Corp., Walnut, CA, United States.,National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nicolas Borisov
- OmicsWay Corp., Walnut, CA, United States.,National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Poltorak
- Program in Immunology, Sackler Graduate School, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vladimir Prassolov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton A Buzdin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,OmicsWay Corp., Walnut, CA, United States.,National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow, Russia
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33
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Tenreiro S, Franssens V, Winderickx J, Outeiro TF. Yeast models of Parkinson's disease-associated molecular pathologies. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 44:74-83. [PMID: 28232272 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aging of the human population is resulting in an increase in the number of people afflicted by neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), creating tremendous socio-economic challenges. This requires the urgent for the development of effective therapies, and of tools for early diagnosis of the disease. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis is still incomplete, hampering progress in those areas. In recent years, the progression made in genetics has considerably contributed to our knowledge, by identifying several novel PD genes. Furthermore, many cellular and animal models have proven their value to decipher pathways involved in PD development. In this review we highlight the value of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model for PD. This unicellular eukaryote has contributed to our understanding of the cellular mechanisms targeted by most important PD genes and offers an excellent tool for discovering novel players via powerful and informative high throughput screens that accelerate further validation in more complex models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tenreiro
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. It is known that there are many factors, either genetic or environmental factors, involved in PD, but the mechanism of PD is still not fully understood. Several animal models have been established to study the mechanisms of PD. Among these models, Drosophila melanogaster has been utilized as a valuable model to get insight into important features of PD. Drosophila melanogaster possesses a well-developed dopaminergic (DA) neuron system which is known to play an important role in PD pathogenesis. The well understanding of DA neurons from early larval through adult stage makes Drosophila as a powerful model for investigating the progressive neurodegeneration in PD. Besides, the short life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster serves an advantage in studying epidemiological features of PD. Most of PD symptoms can be mimicked in Drosophila model such as progressive impairment in locomotion, DA neuron degeneration, and some other non-motor symptoms. The Drosophila models of PD, therefore, show a great potential in application for PD genetic and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuu My Dung
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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35
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Alberio T, Pieroni L, Ronci M, Banfi C, Bongarzone I, Bottoni P, Brioschi M, Caterino M, Chinello C, Cormio A, Cozzolino F, Cunsolo V, Fontana S, Garavaglia B, Giusti L, Greco V, Lucacchini A, Maffioli E, Magni F, Monteleone F, Monti M, Monti V, Musicco C, Petrosillo G, Porcelli V, Saletti R, Scatena R, Soggiu A, Tedeschi G, Zilocchi M, Roncada P, Urbani A, Fasano M. Toward the Standardization of Mitochondrial Proteomics: The Italian Mitochondrial Human Proteome Project Initiative. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:4319-4329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Alberio
- Department
of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Busto Arsizio I-21052, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Ronci
- IRCCS-Santa Lucia
Foundation, Rome I-00143, Italy
- Department
of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti I-66013, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan I-20138, Italy
| | - Italia Bongarzone
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bottoni
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine - Catholic University, Rome I-00168, Italy
| | - Maura Brioschi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan I-20138, Italy
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples I-80131, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie
Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., Naples I-80145, Italy
| | - Clizia Chinello
- Department
of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza I-20900, Italy
| | - Antonella Cormio
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università di Bari, Bari I-70125, Italy
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- CEINGE Biotecnologie
Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., Naples I-80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples I-80126, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania I-95125, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Dipartimento
di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Palermo I-90123, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Molecular
Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan I-20126, Italy
| | - Laura Giusti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Maffioli
- Department
of Veterinary Medicine (DiMeVet), University of Milan, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Fulvio Magni
- Department
of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza I-20900, Italy
| | - Francesca Monteleone
- Dipartimento
di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Palermo I-90123, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie
Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., Naples I-80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples I-80126, Italy
| | - Valentina Monti
- Molecular
Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan I-20126, Italy
| | - Clara Musicco
- Bioenergetics
and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), CNR - Institute of Biomembranes, Bari I-70126, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petrosillo
- Bioenergetics
and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), CNR - Institute of Biomembranes, Bari I-70126, Italy
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università di Bari, Bari I-70125, Italy
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania I-95125, Italy
| | - Roberto Scatena
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine - Catholic University, Rome I-00168, Italy
| | - Alessio Soggiu
- Department
of Veterinary Medicine (DiMeVet), University of Milan, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department
of Veterinary Medicine (DiMeVet), University of Milan, Milan I-20133, Italy
- Fondazione Filarete, Milan I-20139, Italy
| | - Mara Zilocchi
- Department
of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Busto Arsizio I-21052, Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rivolta d’Adda I-26027, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- IRCCS-Santa Lucia
Foundation, Rome I-00143, Italy
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine - Catholic University, Rome I-00168, Italy
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Department
of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Busto Arsizio I-21052, Italy
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Ayala-Caminero R, Pinzón-Herrera L, Martinez CAR, Almodovar J. Polymeric scaffolds for three-dimensional culture of nerve cells: a model of peripheral nerve regeneration. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2017; 7:391-415. [PMID: 29515936 PMCID: PMC5836791 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding peripheral nerve repair requires the evaluation of 3D structures that serve as platforms for 3D cell culture. Multiple platforms for 3D cell culture have been developed, mimicking peripheral nerve growth and function, in order to study tissue repair or diseases. To recreate an appropriate 3D environment for peripheral nerve cells, key factors are to be considered including: selection of cells, polymeric biomaterials to be used, and fabrication techniques to shape and form the 3D scaffolds for cellular culture. This review focuses on polymeric 3D platforms used for the development of 3D peripheral nerve cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radamés Ayala-Caminero
- Bioengineering Program, University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Call Box 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, 00681-9000, USA
| | - Luis Pinzón-Herrera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez, Call Box 9000, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 00681-9000, USA
| | - Carol A Rivera Martinez
- Bioengineering Program, University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Call Box 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, 00681-9000, USA
| | - Jorge Almodovar
- Bioengineering Program, University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Call Box 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, 00681-9000, USA
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Kang X, Qiu J, Li Q, Bell KA, Du Y, Jung DW, Lee JY, Hao J, Jiang J. Cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to oxidopamine-mediated neuronal inflammation and injury via the prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9459. [PMID: 28842681 PMCID: PMC5573328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) triggers pro-inflammatory processes that can aggravate neuronal degeneration and functional impairments in many neurological conditions, mainly via producing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) that activates four membrane receptors, EP1-EP4. However, which EP receptor is the culprit of COX-2/PGE2-mediated neuronal inflammation and degeneration remains largely unclear and presumably depends on the insult types and responding components. Herein, we demonstrated that COX-2 was induced and showed nuclear translocation in two neuronal cell lines – mouse Neuro-2a and human SH-SY5Y – after treatment with neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), leading to the biosynthesis of PGE2 and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β. Inhibiting COX-2 or microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 suppressed the 6-OHDA-triggered PGE2 production in these cells. Treatment with PGE2 or EP2 selective agonist butaprost, but not EP4 agonist CAY10598, increased cAMP response in both cell lines. PGE2-initiated cAMP production in these cells was blocked by our recently developed novel selective EP2 antagonists – TG4-155 and TG6-10-1, but not by EP4 selective antagonist GW627368X. The 6-OHDA-promoted cytotoxicity was largely blocked by TG4-155, TG6-10-1 or COX-2 selective inhibitor celecoxib, but not by GW627368X. Our results suggest that PGE2 receptor EP2 is a key mediator of COX-2 activity-initiated cAMP signaling in Neuro-2a and SH-SY5Y cells following 6-OHDA treatment, and contributes to oxidopamine-mediated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Kang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Jiange Qiu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Katherine A Bell
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Yifeng Du
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Da Woon Jung
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiukuan Hao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA.
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38
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Yuan YG, Wang YH, Xing HH, Gurunathan S. Quercetin-mediated synthesis of graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle nanocomposites: a suitable alternative nanotherapy for neuroblastoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5819-5839. [PMID: 28860751 PMCID: PMC5566358 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graphene and graphene-related materials have gained substantial interest from both academia and industry for the development of unique nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Graphene oxide (GO) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a valuable platform for the development of nanocomposites, permitting the combination of nanomaterials with different physical and chemical properties to generate novel materials with improved and effective functionalities in a single platform. Therefore, this study was conducted to synthesize a graphene oxide–silver nanoparticle (GO-AgNPs) nanocomposite using the biomolecule quercetin and evaluate the potential cytotoxicity and mechanism of GO-AgNPs in human neuroblastoma cancer cells (SH-SY5Y). Methods The synthesized GO-AgNPs were characterized using various analytical techniques. The potential toxicities of GO-AgNPs were evaluated using a series of biochemical and cellular assays. The expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Further, apoptosis was confirmed by caspase-9/3 activity and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, and GO-AgNPs-induced autophagy was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Results The prepared GO-AgNPs exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y cells than GO. GO-AgNPs induced significant cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by the loss of cell viability, inhibition of cell proliferation, increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, decreased level of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced numbers of mitochondria, enhanced level of reactive oxygen species generation, increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes, and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic genes. GO-AgNPs induced caspase-9/3-dependent apoptosis via DNA fragmentation. Finally, GO-AgNPs induced accumulation of autophagosomes and autophagic vacuoles. Conclusion In this study, we developed an environmentally friendly, facile, dependable, and simple method for the synthesis of GO-AgNPs nanocomposites using quercetin. The synthesized GO-AgNPs exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity compared with that of GO at very low concentrations. This study not only elucidates the potential cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma cancer cells, but also reveals the molecular mechanism of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guo Yuan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Xing
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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39
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Lázaro DF, Pavlou MAS, Outeiro TF. Cellular models as tools for the study of the role of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:162-171. [PMID: 28526239 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are highly debilitating conditions characterised primarily by progressive neuronal loss and impairment of the nervous system. Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common of these disorders, affecting 1-2% of the population above the age of 65. Although the underlying mechanisms of PD have been extensively studied, we still lack a full understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the disease. Thus, the in vitro and in vivo models currently used are able to only partially recapitulate the typical phenotypes of the disease. Here, we review various cell culture models currently used to study the molecular basis of PD, with a focus on alpha-synuclein-associated molecular pathologies. We also discuss how different cell models may constitute powerful tools for high-throughput screening of molecules capable of modulating alpha-synuclein toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana F Lázaro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Angeliki S Pavlou
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany.
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40
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More SV, Choi DK. Atractylenolide-I Protects Human SH-SY5Y Cells from 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1012. [PMID: 28481321 PMCID: PMC5454925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis are the major mechanisms that induce dopaminergic cell death. Our study investigates the protective effects of atractylenolide-I (ATR-I) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cytotoxicity in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells, as well as its underlying mechanism. Our experimental data indicates that ATR-I significantly inhibits the loss of cell viability induced by MPP⁺ in SH-SY5Y cells. To further unravel the mechanism, we examined the effect of ATR-I on MPP⁺-induced apoptotic cell death characterized by an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio, the release of cytochrome-c, and the activation of caspase-3 leading to elevated levels of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) resulting in SH-SY5Y cell death. Our results demonstrated that ATR-I decreases the level of pro-apoptotic proteins induced by MPP⁺ and also restored Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA levels, which are critical for inducing apoptosis. In addition, ATR-I demonstrated a significant increase in the protein expression of heme-oxygenase in MPP⁺-treated SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that the pharmacological effect of ATR-I may be, at least in part, caused by the reduction in pro-apoptotic signals and also by induction of anti-oxidant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Vasant More
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
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41
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Park JH, Gurunathan S, Choi YJ, Han JW, Song H, Kim JH. Silver nanoparticles suppresses brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced cell survival in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is an insidious disorder affecting more than 1-2% of the population over the age of 65. Understanding the etiology of PD may create opportunities for developing new treatments. Genomic and transcriptomic studies are useful, but do not provide evidence for the actual status of the disease. Conversely, proteomic studies deal with proteins, which are real time players, and can hence provide information on the dynamic nature of the affected cells. The number of publications relating to the proteomics of PD is vast. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the current proteomics literature and establish the connections between the past and the present to foresee the future. Areas covered: PubMed and Web of Science were used to retrieve the literature associated with PD proteomics. Studies using human samples, model organisms and cell lines were selected and reviewed to highlight their contributions to PD. Expert commentary: The proteomic studies associated with PD achieved only limited success in facilitating disease diagnosis, monitoring and progression. A global system biology approach using new models is needed. Future research should integrate the findings of proteomics with other omics data to facilitate both early diagnosis and the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kasap
- a Department of Medical Biology/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory , Kocaeli University Medical School , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- a Department of Medical Biology/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory , Kocaeli University Medical School , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Aylin Kanli
- a Department of Medical Biology/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory , Kocaeli University Medical School , Kocaeli , Turkey
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43
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Horst CH, Titze-de-Almeida R, Titze-de-Almeida SS. The involvement of Eag1 potassium channels and miR-34a in rotenone-induced death of dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1479-1488. [PMID: 28259991 PMCID: PMC5364983 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons and the resultant motor impairment are hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. The SH‑SY5Y cell line is a model of dopaminergic neurons, and allows for the study of dopaminergic neuronal injury. Previous studies have revealed changes in Ether à go‑go 1 (Eag1) potassium channel expression during p53-induced SH‑SY5Y apoptosis, and the regulatory involvement of microRNA‑34a (miR‑34a) was demonstrated. In the present study, the involvement of Eag1 and miR‑34a in rotenone‑induced SH‑SY5Y cell injury was investigated. Rotenone is a neurotoxin, which is often used to generate models of Parkinson's disease, since it causes the death of nigrostriatal neurons by inducing intracellular aggregation of alpha synuclein and ubiquitin. In the present study, rotenone resulted in a dose‑dependent decrease in cell viability, as revealed by 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue cell counting assays. In addition, Eag1 was demonstrated to be constitutively expressed by SH‑SY5Y cells, and involved in cell viability. Suppression of Eag1 with astemizole resulted in a dose‑dependent decrease in cell viability, as revealed by MTT assay. Astemizole also enhanced the severity of rotenone‑induced injury in SH‑SY5Y cells. RNA interference against Eag1, using synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), corroborated this finding, as siRNAs potentiated rotenone‑induced injury. Eag1‑targeted siRNAs (kv10.1‑3 or EAG1hum_287) resulted in a statistically significant 16.4‑23.5% increase in vulnerability to rotenone. An increased number of apoptotic nuclei were observed in cells transfected with EAG1hum_287. Notably, this siRNA intensified rotenone‑induced apoptosis, as revealed by an increase in caspase 3/7 activity. Conversely, a miR‑34a inhibitor was demonstrated to exert neuroprotective effects. The viability of cells exposed to rotenone for 24 or 48 h and treated with miR‑34a inhibitor was restored by 8.4‑8.8%. In conclusion, Eag1 potassium channels and miR‑34a are involved in the response to rotenone-induced injury in SH‑SY5Y cells. The neuroprotective effect of mir‑34a inhibitors merits further investigations in animal models of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Hillesheim Horst
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910‑900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910‑900, Brazil
| | - Simoneide Souza Titze-de-Almeida
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910‑900, Brazil
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44
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Butterfield DA, Palmieri EM, Castegna A. Clinical implications from proteomic studies in neurodegenerative diseases: lessons from mitochondrial proteins. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:259-74. [PMID: 26837425 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1149470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in eukaryotic cells, being mediators of energy, biosynthetic and regulatory requirements of these cells. Emerging proteomics techniques have allowed scientists to obtain the differentially expressed proteome or the proteomic redox status in mitochondria. This has unmasked the diversity of proteins with respect to subcellular location, expression and interactions. Mitochondria have become a research 'hot spot' in subcellular proteomics, leading to identification of candidate clinical targets in neurodegenerative diseases in which mitochondria are known to play pathological roles. The extensive efforts to rapidly obtain differentially expressed proteomes and unravel the redox proteomic status in mitochondria have yielded clinical insights into the neuropathological mechanisms of disease, identification of disease early stage and evaluation of disease progression. Although current technical limitations hamper full exploitation of the mitochondrial proteome in neurosciences, future advances are predicted to provide identification of specific therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- a Department of Chemistry, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Erika M Palmieri
- b Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics , University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' , Bari , Italy
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- b Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics , University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' , Bari , Italy
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45
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Changes in Cell Cycle and Up-Regulation of Neuronal Markers During SH-SY5Y Neurodifferentiation by Retinoic Acid are Mediated by Reactive Species Production and Oxidative Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6903-6916. [PMID: 27771902 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells have been used as an in vitro model for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and can be induced to a mature neuronal phenotype through retinoic acid (RA) differentiation. However, mechanisms of RA-induced differentiation remain unclear. Here, we investigate the role of reactive species (RS) on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells under RA differentiation, using the antioxidant Trolox® as co-treatment. We found that RA treatment for 7 days reduced the cell number and proliferative capacity and induced the expression of adult catecholaminergic/neuronal markers such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), β-III tubulin, and enolase-2. Evaluation of intracellular RS production by DCFH oxidation assay and quantification of cell non-enzymatic antioxidant activity by TRAP demonstrated that RA increases RS production. Furthermore, mitochondrial NADH oxidation showed to be inhibited under differentiation with RA. Cells subjected to co-treatment with antioxidant Trolox® demonstrated a remaining proliferative capacity and a decrease in the pro-oxidant state and RS production. Besides, antioxidant treatment restores the mitochondrial NADH oxidation. Importantly, Trolox® co-treatment inhibited the appearance of morphological characteristics such as neurite extension and branching, and decreased the expression of TH, β-III tubulin, and enolase-2 after a seven-day differentiation with RA, indicating that RS production is a necessary step in this process. Trolox® also inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2, which are involved in differentiation and survival, respectively, of these cells. Altogether, these data indicate the presence of a redox-dependent mechanism in SH-SY5Y RA-differentiation process and can be a useful insight to improve understanding of neuronal differentiation signaling.
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46
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Jalewa J, Sharma MK, Hölscher C. Novel incretin analogues improve autophagy and protect from mitochondrial stress induced by rotenone in SH-SY5Y cells. J Neurochem 2016; 139:55-67. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaishree Jalewa
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Mohit Kumar Sharma
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
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47
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Fasano M, Monti C, Alberio T. A systems biology-led insight into the role of the proteome in neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:845-55. [PMID: 27477319 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1219254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multifactorial disorders are the result of nonlinear interactions of several factors; therefore, a reductionist approach does not appear to be appropriate. Proteomics is a global approach that can be efficiently used to investigate pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. AREAS COVERED Here, we report a general introduction about the systems biology approach and mechanistic insights recently obtained by over-representation analysis of proteomics data of cellular and animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, as well as of affected human tissues. Expert commentary: As an inductive method, proteomics is based on unbiased observations that further require validation of generated hypotheses. Pathway databases and over-representation analysis tools allow researchers to assign an expectation value to pathogenetic mechanisms linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The systems biology approach based on omics data may be the key to unravel the complex mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fasano
- a Department of Science and High Technology and Center of Neuroscience , University of Insubria , Busto Arsizio , Italy
| | - Chiara Monti
- a Department of Science and High Technology and Center of Neuroscience , University of Insubria , Busto Arsizio , Italy
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- a Department of Science and High Technology and Center of Neuroscience , University of Insubria , Busto Arsizio , Italy
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48
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Alpha-synuclein-induced oxidative stress correlates with altered superoxide dismutase and glutathione synthesis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1245-1259. [PMID: 27424009 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a major component of Lewy bodies found in sporadic and inherited forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the gene encoding α-syn and duplications and triplications of wild-type (WT) α-syn have been associated with PD. Several mechanisms have been implicated in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD, including oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we defined the occurrence of oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing WT α-syn in a doxycycline (Dox) regulated manner, before and after exposure to iron (500 µM), and determined the changes in proteins involved in the intracellular antioxidant defense system. Data evidenced an increase in caspase-3 activation and diminished reducing capacity of -Dox cells, associated with decreased activity of mitochondria complex I and reduced mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) levels in these cells. Furthermore, total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels were higher under basal conditions in cells overexpressing α-syn (-Dox) and this increase was apparently correlated with diminished levels and activities of SOD1 and SOD2 in -Dox cells. Moreover, both reduced and oxidized glutathione levels were diminished in -Dox cells under basal conditions, concomitantly with decreased activity of GCL and reduced protein levels of GCLc. The effects caused by iron (500 µM) were mostly independent of α-syn expression and triggered different antioxidant responses to possibly counterbalance higher levels of free radicals. Overall, data suggest that overexpression of α-syn modifies the antioxidant capacity of SH-SY5Y cells due to altered activity and protein levels of SOD1 and SOD2, and decreased glutathione pool.
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Aroso M, Ferreira R, Freitas A, Vitorino R, Gomez-Lazaro M. New insights on the mitochondrial proteome plasticity in Parkinson's disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:416-29. [PMID: 26749507 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases whose relentless progression results in severe disability. Although PD aetiology is unknown, growing evidences point to the mitochondrial involvement in the pathobiology of this disorder. So, it seems imperative to understand the means by which the molecular pathways harboured in this organelle are regulated. With the advances in MS-based proteomics, there is a substantial expectation in the increased knowledge of mitochondrial protein dynamics. Still, few studies have been performed on mitochondrial protein profiling in the context of PD. In order to integrate data from these studies, network analyses were performed taking into consideration variables such as model of PD, cell line, or tissue origin. Overall, data retrieved from these analyses highlighted the modulation of the biological processes related with "generation of energy," "cellular metabolism," and "mitochondrial transport" in PD. However, it was noted that the impact of sample type and/or PD model on the biological processes was modulated by the disease. Moreover, technical considerations related to protein characterization using gel-based or gel-free MS approaches should be considered in data comparison among different studies. Data from the present review will help to envisage future studies targeting these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Aroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Freitas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Gomez-Lazaro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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50
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Di Pierro A, Bondi H, Monti C, Pieroni L, Cilio E, Urbani A, Alberio T, Fasano M, Ronci M. Experimental setup for the identification of mitochondrial protease substrates by shotgun and top-down proteomics. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2016; 11:1-3. [PMID: 29900104 PMCID: PMC5988556 DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteases regulate mitochondrial function. Protein fragments are identified after dopamine treatment. Entire proteins may be electroeluted from gel slices
Mitochondria possess a proteolytic system that contributes to the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. We aimed at the identification by bottom-up proteomics of altered protein processing due to the activation of mitochondrial proteases in a cellular model of impaired dopamine homeostasis. Moreover, we optimized the conditions for top-down proteomics to identify the cleavage site sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Di Pierro
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Heather Bondi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy.,Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Chiara Monti
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy.,Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Santa Lucia IRCCS Foundation, I-00143 Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Cilio
- Santa Lucia IRCCS Foundation, I-00143 Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Santa Lucia IRCCS Foundation, I-00143 Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy.,Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy.,Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Dept. of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, I-66013 Chieti, Italy
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