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Wang X, Liang Y, Zhang B, He L, Li W, Zhang W, Li C, Luo L, Umar T, Feng H, Qiu C. 2'-Hydroxychalcone Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells via the Inhibition of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:514. [PMID: 38398837 PMCID: PMC10892069 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
2'-Hydroxychalcone is a hydroxyl derivative of chalcones, which are biosynthetic precursors of flavonoids and rich in the human diet. The anticancer activity of 2'-hydroxychalcone has been reported in several cancers but remains to be investigated in breast cancer. In the current study, 2'-hydroxychalcone showed significant cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and CMT-1211. It could inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and suppress tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the NF-κB pathway was significantly inhibited by 2'-hydroxychalcone treatment accompanied by an excessive intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species, induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and activation of JNK/MAPK. In addition, 2'-hydroxychalcone elevated the autophagic levels in breast cancer cells equipped with increasing numbers of autophagy vesicles and complete autophagic flux. Finally, autophagy-dependent apoptosis was observed in 2'-hydroxychalcone-induced cell death. In conclusion, 2'-hydroxychalcone enhances the autophagic levels and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells, which could be contributed to the inhibition of the pro-survival NF-κB signaling, indicating a promising potential for 2'-hydroxychalcone in future anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongjie Liang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lixin He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengzong Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lihong Luo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Talha Umar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huili Feng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Animal Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Animal Husbandry Engineering, Henan Vocational College of Agriculture, Zhengzhou 451450, China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Michalkova R, Mirossay L, Kello M, Mojzisova G, Baloghova J, Podracka A, Mojzis J. Anticancer Potential of Natural Chalcones: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10354. [PMID: 37373500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that significant progress has been made in tumor therapy in the past decades. However, the discovery of new molecules with potential antitumor properties still remains one of the most significant challenges in the field of anticancer therapy. Nature, especially plants, is a rich source of phytochemicals with pleiotropic biological activities. Among a plethora of phytochemicals, chalcones, the bioprecursors of flavonoid and isoflavonoids synthesis in higher plants, have attracted attention due to the broad spectrum of biological activities with potential clinical applications. Regarding the antiproliferative and anticancer effects of chalcones, multiple mechanisms of action including cell cycle arrest, induction of different forms of cell death and modulation of various signaling pathways have been documented. This review summarizes current knowledge related to mechanisms of antiproliferative and anticancer effects of natural chalcones in different types of malignancies including breast cancers, cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, lung cancers, renal and bladder cancers, and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Michalkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Mojzisova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Janette Baloghova
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Podracka
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Attenuation of Inflammatory Responses in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Cells by a Novel Chalcone Derivative and Its Increased Potency by Curcumin. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:5156320. [PMID: 36687217 PMCID: PMC9851785 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5156320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast and ovarian cancers are two common malignancies in women and a leading cause of death globally. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of a novel chalcone derivative 1-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(phenylthio)-3-(p-tolyl)propane-1-one (MPP) individually or combined with curcumin, a well-known herbal medicine with anticancer properties, as a new combination therapy on inflammatory pathways in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. Methods LPS-induced NF-κB DNA-binding activity and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured in the MPP- and MPP-curcumin combination-treated MDA-MB-231 and SKOV3 cells by ELISA-based methods. The expression of COX2, INOS, and MMP9 genes and nitrite levels was also evaluated by real-time qRT-PCR and Griess method, respectively. IκB levels were evaluated by Western blotting. Results MPP significantly inhibited the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in each cell line and subsequently suppressed the expression of downstream genes including COX2, MMP9, and INOS. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as NO, were also decreased in response to MPP. All the effects of MPP were enhanced by the addition of curcumin. MPP, especially when combined with curcumin, caused a remarkable increase in the concentration of IκB. Conclusion MPP and its coadministration with curcumin effectively reduced the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to a reduced inflammatory response in the environment of cancer cells. Thus, MPP, either alone or combined with curcumin, might be considered an effective remedy for the suppression of inflammatory processes in breast and ovarian cancer cells.
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Yin F, Zhao R, Gorja DR, Fu X, Lu N, Huang H, Xu B, Chen H, Shim JH, Liu K, Li Z, Laster KV, Dong Z, Lee MH. Novel dual inhibitor for targeting PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases inhibits colorectal cancer growth in vitro and patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4122-4137. [PMID: 36386480 PMCID: PMC9643289 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. The pro-viral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) is a proto-oncogene and belongs to the serine/threonine kinase family, which are involved in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Small molecule HCI-48 is a derivative of chalcone, a class of compounds known to possess anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the underlying mechanism of chalcones against colorectal cancer remains unclear. This study reports that HCI-48 mainly targets PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases, thereby eliciting antitumor effects on colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. HCI-48 inhibited the activity of both PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases in an ATP-dependent manner, as revealed by computational docking models. Cell-based assays showed that HCI-48 inhibited cell proliferation in CRC cells (HCT-15, DLD1, HCT-116 and SW620), and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase through modulation of cyclin A2. HCI-48 also induced cellular apoptosis, as evidenced by an increase in the expression of apoptosis biomarkers such as cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 7. Moreover, HCI-48 attenuated the activation of downstream components of the PIM1 and FGFR1 signaling pathways. Using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) murine tumor models, we found that treatment with HCI-48 diminished the PDX tumor growth of implanted CRC tissue expressing high protein levels of PIM1 and FGFR1. This study suggests that the inhibitory effect of HCI-48 on colorectal tumor growth is mainly mediated through the dual-targeting of PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases. This work provides a theoretical basis for the future application of HCI-48 in the treatment of clinical CRC.
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Vilková M, Michalková R, Kello M, Sabolová D, Takáč P, Kudličková Z, Garberová M, Tvrdoňová M, Béres T, Mojžiš J. Discovery of novel acridine-chalcone hybrids with potent DNA binding and antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Synthesis of chalcones derived from 1-naphthylacetophenone and evaluation of their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in acute leukemia cell lines. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105315. [PMID: 34496319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones and their derivatives have been described as promising compounds with antiproliferative activity against leukemic cells. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of three synthetic chalcones derived from 1-naphthylacetophenone (F07, F09, and F10) in acute leukemia cell lines (K562 and Jurkat) and examine the mechanisms of cell death induced by these compounds. The three compounds were cytotoxic to K562 and Jurkat cells, with IC50 values ranging from 1.03 to 31.66 µM. Chalcones induced intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, resulting in activation of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation. F07, F09, and F10 were not cytotoxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, did not produce any significant hemolytic activity, and did not affect platelet aggregation after ADP stimulation. These results, combined with calculations of molecular properties, suggest that chalcones F07, F09, and F10 are promising molecules for the development of novel antileukemic drugs.
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Novel Nitrogen-Based Chalcone Analogs Provoke Substantial Apoptosis in HER2-Positive Human Breast Cancer Cells via JNK and ERK1/ERK2 Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179621. [PMID: 34502529 PMCID: PMC8431802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural chalcones possess antitumor properties and play a role as inducers of apoptosis, antioxidants and cytotoxic compounds. We recently reported that novel nitrogen chalcone-based compounds, which were generated in our lab, have specific effects on triple-negative breast cancer cells. However, the outcome of these two new compounds on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer remains nascent. Thus, we herein investigated the effects of these compounds (DK-13 and DK-14) on two HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3 and ZR75. Our data revealed that these compounds inhibit cell proliferation, deregulate cell-cycle progression and significantly induce cell apoptosis in both cell lines. Furthermore, the two chalcone compounds cause a significant reduction in the cell invasion ability of SKBR3 and ZR75 cancer cells. In parallel, we found that DK-13 and DK-14 inhibit colony formation of both cell lines in comparison to their matched controls. On the other hand, we noticed that these two compounds can inhibit angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane model. The molecular pathway analysis of chalcone compounds exposed cells revealed that these compounds inhibit the expression of both JNK1/2/3 and ERK1/2, the major plausible molecular pathways behind these events. Our findings implicate that DK-13 and DK-14 possess effective chemotherapeutic outcomes against HER2-positive breast cancer via the ERK1/2 and JNK1/2/3 signaling pathways.
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Siqueira EDS, Concato VM, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Silva TF, Bortoleti BTDS, Gonçalves MD, Costa IN, Junior WAV, Pavanelli WR, Panis C, Mantovani MS, Miranda-Sapla MM, Conchon-Costa I. Trans-chalcone induces death by autophagy mediated by p53 up-regulation and β-catenin down-regulation on human hepatocellular carcinoma HuH7.5 cell line. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 80:153373. [PMID: 33096451 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is extremely aggressive and presents low rates of response to the available chemotherapeutic agents. Many studies have focused on the search for alternative low-cost natural compounds with antiproliferative potential that selectively respond to liver cancer cells. PURPOSE This study assessed the in vitro direct action of trans-chalcone (TC) on cells of the human HCC HuH7.5 cell line. METHODS We subjected the HuH7.5 tumor cells to TC treatment at increasing concentrations (12.5-100 µM) for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability was verified through MTT and 50% inhibitory concentration of cells (IC50 23.66 µM) was determined within 48 h. We quantified trypan blue proliferation and light microscopy, ROS production, mitochondrial depolarization and autophagy, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis using Muse® cell analyzer and immunocytochemical markings of p53 and β-catenin. RESULTS Data showed an effective dose- and time-dependent TC-cytotoxic action at low micromolar concentrations without causing toxicity to non-cancerous cells, such as erythrocytes. TC-treatment caused mitochondrial membrane damage and cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest, increasing the presence of the p53 protein and decreasing β-catenin, in addition, to inducing cell death by autophagy. Additionally, TC decreased the metastatic capacity of HuH7.5, which affected the migration/invasion of this type of cell. CONCLUSION In vitro TC activity in the human HCC HuH7.5 tumor cell line is shown to be a potential molecule to develop new therapies to repair the p53 pathway and prevent the overexpression of Wnt/β-catenin tumor development inducing autophagy cell death and decreasing metastatic capacity of HuH7.5 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine da Silva Siqueira
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina - UEL. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Campus Zip Code 86057-970, Post Box 10.011. Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Vírgínia Márcia Concato
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina - UEL. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Campus Zip Code 86057-970, Post Box 10.011. Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina - UEL. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Campus Zip Code 86057-970, Post Box 10.011. Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taylon Felipe Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina - UEL. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Campus Zip Code 86057-970, Post Box 10.011. Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina - UEL. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Campus Zip Code 86057-970, Post Box 10.011. Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Manoela Daiele Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotransformation and Phytochemistry, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Idessania Nazareth Costa
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina - UEL. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Campus Zip Code 86057-970, Post Box 10.011. Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina - UEL. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Campus Zip Code 86057-970, Post Box 10.011. Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Tumor of Biology, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Menegazzo Miranda-Sapla
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina - UEL. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Campus Zip Code 86057-970, Post Box 10.011. Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina - UEL. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Campus Zip Code 86057-970, Post Box 10.011. Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Mahmoud A, Elkhalifa D, Alali F, Al Moustafa AE, Khalil A. Novel Polymethoxylated Chalcones as Potential Compounds Against KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1622-1633. [PMID: 32026770 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200206095400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE KRAS-mutant colorectal cancers (CRC) are tumors that are associated with poor prognosis. However, no effective treatments are available to target them. Therefore, we designed and synthesized novel chalcone analogs, small organic molecules, to investigate their effects on KRAS-mutant CRC cells. METHODS Fourteen new chalcone analogs were synthesized, optimized, characterized, and tested against two KRAS-mutant CRC cell lines (HCT-116 and LoVo), one p-53 and BRAF mutant CRC cell line (HT-29) and one normal immortalized colon cells (NCE-1 E6/E7). Effects on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, colony formation, EMT, and angiogenesis were investigated. RESULTS Compounds 3 and 14 were the most effective. Compound 3 showed potent activity against HCT-116 and LoVo cell lines (GI50 of 6.10 μM and 7.00 μM, respectively). While compound 14 showed GI50 of 8.60 μM and 8.80 μM on HCT-116 and LoVo cell lines, respectively. Both compounds were approximately 2-3 times more selective toward cancer cells rather than normal colon cells. Compound 3 was effective in inducing apoptosis in HCT-116 cells via Bax upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation. Invasion and metastasis of KRAS-mutant cells were modulated by compounds 3 and 14 through significant inhibition of cell migration and the prevention of colony formation. In addition, they reversed EMT by downregulation of EMT markers (vimentin, fascin, and β- catenin) and upregulation of cell-cell adhesion marker, E-cadherin. Furthermore, compounds 3 and 14 had significantly inhibited angiogenesis in ovo. CONCLUSION Compounds 3 and 14 represent potent and selective leads for KRAS-mutant CRC cells, thus, further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to confirm their effect on KRAS-mutant CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Mahmoud
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dana Elkhalifa
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Feras Alali
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ashraf Khalil
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Nedungadi D, Binoy A, Pandurangan N, Nair BG, Mishra N. Proteasomal dysfunction and ER stress triggers 2'-hydroxy-retrochalcone-induced paraptosis in cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:164-176. [PMID: 33049087 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones are biologically active class of compounds, known for their anticancer activities. Here we show for the first time that out of the six synthetic derivatives of chalcone tested, 2'-hydroxy-retrochalcone (HRC) was the most effective in inducing extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation mediated death called paraptosis in malignant breast and cervical cancer cells. The cell death by HRC is found to be nonapoptotic in nature due to the absence of DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage, and phosphatidylserine externalization. It was also found to be nonautophagic as there was an increase in the levels of autophagic markers LC3I, LC3II and p62. Immunofluorescence with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker protein calreticulin showed that the cytoplasmic vacuoles formed were derived from the ER. This ER dilation was due to ER stress as evidenced from the increase in polyubiquitinated proteins, Bip and CHOP. Docking studies revealed that HRC could bind to the Thr1 residue on the active site of the chymotrypsin-like subunit of the proteasome. The inhibition of proteasomal activity was further confirmed by the fluorescence based assay of the chymotrypsin-like subunit of the 26S proteasome. The cell death by HRC was also triggered by the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and depletion of ATP. Pretreatment with thiol antioxidants and cycloheximide were able to inhibit this programmed cell death. Thus our data suggest that HRC can effectively kill cancer cells via paraptosis, an alternative death pathway and can be a potential lead molecule for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Nedungadi
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Anupama Binoy
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Nanjan Pandurangan
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Bipin G Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Nandita Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
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11
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Cardamonin: A new player to fight cancer via multiple cancer signaling pathways. Life Sci 2020; 250:117591. [PMID: 32224026 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nature's pharmacy has undoubtedly served humans as an affordable and safer health-care regime for a long times. Cardamonin, a chalconoid present in several plants has been known for a longtime to have beneficial properties towards human health. In this review, we aimed to highlight the recent advances achieved in discovering the pharmacological properties of cardamonin. Cardamonin is cardamom-derived chalcone, which plays a role in cancer treatment, immune system modulation, inflammation and pathogens killing. Through the modulation of cellular signaling pathways, cardamonin activates cell death signal to induce apoptosis in malignant cells that results in the inhibition of cancer development. Moreover, cardamonin arrests cell cycle by altering the expression of regulatory proteins during malignant cells division. Due to its relatively selective cytotoxic potential against host malignant cells, cardamonin is emerging as a promising novel experimental anticancer agent. The potential of cardamonin to target various signaling molecules, transcriptional factors, cytokines and enzymes, such as mTOR, NF-κB, Akt, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin and COX-2 enhances the opportunity to explore it as a new multi-target therapeutic agent. The pharmacokinetic and biosafety profile of cardamonin favor it as a potentially safe biomolecule for pharmaceutical drug development.
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Polyphenols: Major regulators of key components of DNA damage response in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Synthetic 3-alkylpyridine alkaloid analogues as a new scaffold against leukemic cell lines: cytotoxic evaluation and mode of action. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhao S, Pi C, Ye Y, Zhao L, Wei Y. Recent advances of analogues of curcumin for treatment of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:524-535. [PMID: 31336310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (CU), an edible natural pigment from Curcuma Longa, has demonstrated extensive anti-tumor effect in vivo and in vitro. With the property of reversing drug resistance and low toxicity, CU has been considered to develop a new adjuvant chemotherapy protocol of cancer. However, the poor stability, solubility, in vivo bioavailability and weak activity of CU greatly limit its clinical application. Therefore, CU analogues have been extensively studied. Starting from the study of natural CU analogues, multiple approaches are being sought to obtain more stable, soluble and effective analogues of CU. This review focuses on the progress of these approaches to more potent CU analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 319, Zhongshan Rd Sanduan, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China
| | - Chao Pi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 319, Zhongshan Rd Sanduan, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 319, Zhongshan Rd Sanduan, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No.25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 319, Zhongshan Rd Sanduan, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China.
| | - Yumeng Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 319, Zhongshan Rd Sanduan, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China.
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Miranda-Sapla MM, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Assolini JP, Carloto ACM, Bortoleti BTDS, Gonçalves MD, Tavares ER, Rodrigues JHDS, Simão ANC, Yamauchi LM, Nakamura CV, Verri WA, Costa IN, Conchon-Costa I, Pavanelli WR. trans-Chalcone modulates Leishmania amazonensis infection in vitro by Nrf2 overexpression affecting iron availability. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:275-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Castaño LF, Cuartas V, Bernal A, Insuasty A, Guzman J, Vidal O, Rubio V, Puerto G, Lukáč P, Vimberg V, Balíková-Novtoná G, Vannucci L, Janata J, Quiroga J, Abonia R, Nogueras M, Cobo J, Insuasty B. New chalcone-sulfonamide hybrids exhibiting anticancer and antituberculosis activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:50-60. [PMID: 31096118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
New sulfonamides 5/6 derived from 4-methoxyacetophenone 1 were synthesized by N-sulfonation reaction of ammonia (3) and aminopyrimidinone (4) with its sulfonyl chloride derivative 2. Sulfonamides 5 and 6 were used as precursors of two new series of chalcones 8a-f and 9a-f, which were obtained through Claisen-Schmidt condensation with aromatic aldehydes 7a-f. Compounds 5/6, 8a-d, 8f, 9a-d, and 9f were screened by the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) at 10 μM against sixty different human cancer cell lines (one-dose trial). Chalcones 8b and 9b satisfied the pre-determined threshold inhibition criteria and were selected for screening at five different concentrations (100, 10, 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 μM). Compound 8b exhibited remarkable GI50 values ranging from 0.57 to 12.4 μM, with cytotoxic effects being observed in almost all cases, especially against the cell lines K-562 of Leukemia and LOX IMVI of Melanoma with GI50 = 0.57 and 1.28 μM, respectively. Moreover, all compounds were screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, chalcones 8a-c and 9a-c were the most active showing MIC values between 14 and 42 μM, and interestingly they were devoid of antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Staphylococcus aureus. These antituberculosis hits showed however low selectivity, being equally inhibitory to M. tuberculosis and mammalian T3T cells. The chalcone-sulfonamide hybrids 8a-f and 9a-f resulted to be appealing cytotoxic agents with significant antituberculosis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Fernanda Castaño
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, A.A, 25360, Colombia
| | - Viviana Cuartas
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, A.A, 25360, Colombia; Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Universidad del Valle, Cali, A.A, 25360, Colombia
| | - Anthony Bernal
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Basic Sciences Division, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, 081007, Colombia
| | - Alberto Insuasty
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Basic Sciences Division, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, 081007, Colombia
| | - Juan Guzman
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Basic Sciences Division, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, 081007, Colombia; Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oscar Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, 081007, Colombia
| | - Vivian Rubio
- Mycobacteria Laboratory, National Health Institute, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Gloria Puerto
- Mycobacteria Laboratory, National Health Institute, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Pavol Lukáč
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Vimberg
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Balíková-Novtoná
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Janata
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jairo Quiroga
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, A.A, 25360, Colombia; Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Universidad del Valle, Cali, A.A, 25360, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Abonia
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, A.A, 25360, Colombia; Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Universidad del Valle, Cali, A.A, 25360, Colombia
| | - Manuel Nogueras
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - Justo Cobo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, A.A, 25360, Colombia; Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Universidad del Valle, Cali, A.A, 25360, Colombia.
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17
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Manupati K, Debnath S, Goswami K, Bhoj PS, Chandak HS, Bahekar SP, Das A. Glutathione S-transferase omega 1 inhibition activates JNK-mediated apoptotic response in breast cancer stem cells. FEBS J 2019; 286:2167-2192. [PMID: 30873742 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) contributes to the inactivation of a wide range of drug compounds via conjugation to glutathione during phase reactions. Chemotherapy-induced GSTO1 expression in breast cancer cells leads to chemoresistance and promotes metastasis. In search of novel GSTO1 inhibitors, we identified S2E, a thia-Michael adduct of sulfonamide chalcone with low LC50 (3.75 ± 0.73 μm) that binds to the active site of GSTO1, as revealed by molecular docking (glide score: -8.1), cellular thermal shift assay and fluorescence quenching assay (Kb ≈ 10 × 105 mol·L-1 ). Docking studies confirmed molecular interactions between GSTO1 and S2E, and identified the hydrogen bond donor Val-72 (2.14 Å) and hydrogen bond acceptor Ser-86 (2.77 Å). Best pharmacophore hypotheses could effectively map S2E and identified the 4-methyl group of the benzene sulfonamide ring as crucial to its anti-cancer activity. Lack of a thiophenyl group in another analog, 2e, reduced its efficacy as observed by cytotoxicity and pharmacophore matching. Furthermore, GSTO1 inhibition by S2E, along with tamoxifen, led to a significant increase in apoptosis and decreased migration of aggressive MDA-MB-231 cells, as well as significantly decreased migration, invasion and mammosphere formation in sorted breast cancer stem cells (CSCs, CD24- /CD44+ ). GSTO1 silencing in breast CSCs also significantly increased apoptosis and decreased migration. Mechanistically, GSTO1 inhibition activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase stress kinase, inducing a mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in breast CSCs via the pro-apoptotic proteins BAX, cytochrome c and cleaved caspase 3. Our study elucidated the role of the GSTO1 inhibitor S2E as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing chemotherapy-induced breast CSC-mediated cancer metastasis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanakaraju Manupati
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Science and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhan Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Bir Bikram College, Agartala, India
| | - Kalyan Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Priyanka S Bhoj
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Hemant S Chandak
- Department of Chemistry, G. S. Science, Arts & Commerce College, Khamgaon, India
| | - Sandeep P Bahekar
- Department of Chemistry, G. S. Science, Arts & Commerce College, Khamgaon, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Science and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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18
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Ur Rashid H, Xu Y, Ahmad N, Muhammad Y, Wang L. Promising anti-inflammatory effects of chalcones via inhibition of cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E 2, inducible NO synthase and nuclear factor κb activities. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:335-365. [PMID: 30921740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones (1, 3-Diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) consist of a three carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system and act as precursors for the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. However, laboratory synthesis of various chalcones has also been reported. Both natural and synthetic chalcones are known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial and antituberculosis. These promising activities, ease of synthesis and simple chemical structure have awarded chalcones considerable attraction. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory effects of chalcones, caused by their inhibitory action primarily against the activities and expressions of four key inflammatory mediators viz., cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E2, inducible NO synthase, and nuclear factor κB. Various methodologies for the synthesis of chalcones have been discussed. The potency of recently synthesized chalcones is given in terms of their IC50 values. Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) of a variety of chalcone derivatives have been discussed. Computational methods were applied to calculate the ideal orientation of a typical chalcone scaffold against three enzymes, namely, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase for the formation of stable complexes. The global market of anti-inflammatory drugs and its expected growth (from 2018 to 2026) have been discussed. SAR analysis, docking studies, and future prospects all together provide useful clues for the synthesis of novel chalcones of improved anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ur Rashid
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China; Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, 25000 Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China
| | - Nasir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yaseen Muhammad
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China; Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
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19
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Kuthyala S, Nagaraja GK, Sheik S, Hanumanthappa M, Kumar S M. Synthesis of imidazo [1, 2-a]pyridine-chalcones as potent inhibitors against A549 cell line and their crystal studies. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Abo El-Maali N, Badr G, Sayed D, Adam R, Abd El Wahab G. Enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis and growth arrest of human breast carcinoma cells treated with silica nanoparticles loaded with monohydroxy flavone compounds. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:513-525. [PMID: 30640511 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of drug-resistant cancer is a clinical challenge, hence screening for novel anticancer drugs is critically important. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor potential of three plant-derived flavone compounds: 3-hydroxy flavone (3-HF), 6-hydroxy flavone (6-HF), and 7-hydroxy flavone (7-HF), either alone or combined with silica nanoparticles (3-HF + NP, 6-HF + NP, and 7-HF + NP), on the human breast carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, as well as on non-tumorigenic normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10). The IC50 values of these flavone compounds loaded with NP (flavones + NP) in these cell lines were determined to be 1.5 μg/mL without affecting the viability of normal MCF-10 cells. Additionally, using annexin V - propidium iodide double-staining followed by flow cytometry analysis, we found that the combination of flavones with NP significantly induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Furthermore, flavones + NP increased the expression of cytochrome c and caspase-9, mediating the growth arrest of these cancer cells. Most importantly, the combination of flavones with NP significantly abolished the expression of ATF-3, which is responsible for the proliferation and invasion of bone-metastatic breast cancer cells. Our data revealed the potential therapeutic effects of these flavones in fighting breast cancer cells, and provide the first insights concerning the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa Abo El-Maali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.,Multidisciplinary Research Centre of Excellence, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Douaa Sayed
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Randa Adam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Gamal Abd El Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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21
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Escobar SJDM, Fong GM, Winnischofer SMB, Simone M, Munoz L, Dennis JM, Rocha MEM, Witting PK. Anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activities of the flavonoid isoliquiritigenin in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 299:77-87. [PMID: 30502331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common childhood cancer with high mortality. We evaluated the capacity of the flavonoid, isoliquiritigenin (4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone; ISL) to inhibit cellular proliferation and migration in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Incubation of cultured SH-SY5Y cells with 20-100 μM ISL decreased cell confluency (15-70%) after 24 h incubation, while 10-100 μM ISL (24 h) depleted intracellular ATP stores (15-90% vs vehicle-treated control) after 24 h incubation. ISL-mediated cell toxicity did not involve intracellular caspase 3/7 activation, externalization of phosphatidylserine on the cell membrane or stimulation of TNF and IL-1β release, all indicating that the flavonoid did not induce apoptosis. Pre-treatment of cells with necrostatin-1, a necroptosis inhibitor, significantly restored ATP levels (ATP levels increased 12-42%) in ISL-treated neuroblastoma cells indicative of enhanced viability. By contrast, RIP1 phosphorylation status remained unchanged in cells treated with ISL although the intracellular ratio of phosphorylated/total parental RIP1 increased after ISL treatment on SH-SY5Y cells indicating that ISL decreased levels of native RIP1. In addition, ISL treatment inhibited SH-SY5Y cell migration/proliferation in a scratch assay and arrested cell cycle transition by significantly decreasing the number of cells in G0/G1 phase and increasing populations by ~10% in S (primarily) and G2/M (lesser extent) phases. The intracellular ratio of phosphorylated/total ERK 1/2 and p38 remained unchanged after ISL treatment (up to 40 μM); ERK activation was only determined at ISL dose well above the experimental IC50 value as judged by ELISA analyses and this did not correlate with ISL cytotoxicity at lower dose <40 μM; Western blot assay confirmed the detection of phosphorylated (p-)ERK1/2 and (p-)p38 in ISL treated cells. Together the results suggest that ISL exerts anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity on SHSY5Y cells through the loss of ATP, induction of cell cycle arrest, and cell death largely via a necroptotic mechanism in the absence of apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane J de M Escobar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Genevieve M Fong
- Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sheila M B Winnischofer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Martin Simone
- Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lenka Munoz
- Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Joanne M Dennis
- Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Maria Eliane M Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paul K Witting
- Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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22
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NACC1, as a Target of MicroRNA-331-3p, Regulates Cell Proliferation in Urothelial Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100347. [PMID: 30248959 PMCID: PMC6210667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 (NACC1) is a transcription factor constitutively expressed in the urothelium, where it regulates cell growth, senescence, autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. microRNA (miRNA) constitutes a class of small non-coding RNAs which are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and progression of tumors. miRNAs and their target molecules are utilized for molecular diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma. NACC1 is one of several putative target molecules of miR-331-3p, and is associated with cell proliferation in cancers such as prostate and cervical cancer. Functional experiments involving miR-331-3p and its target molecule NACC1 were conducted using the urothelial carcinoma (UC) cell lines, T24, UMUC6, and KU7. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining were performed to evaluate the expression of NACC1 in UC derived from transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) specimens. The methane thiosulfonate (MTS) assay revealed that cell proliferation was significantly reduced after transient transfection of miR-331-3p precursor and/or NACC1 siRNA in UC cells. Cell senescence via cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase was induced by NACC1 inhibition. On the other hand, suppression of NACC1 induced cell migration and invasion abilities. Immunohistochemical analysis of TUR-Bt specimens revealed that over 70% of UC cells presented strongly positive results for NACC1. In contrast, normal urothelial cells were weakly positive for NACC1. It was also found that NACC1 expression was lower in invasive UC cells than in non-invasive UC cells. Loss of NACC1 induced vessel invasion in invasive UC tissues. The present results indicate that NACC1 regulated by miR-331-3p contributes to cell proliferation, and is involved in cell migration and invasion. This suggests that NACC1 can serve as a potential target molecule for the prediction and prognosis of UC, and can contribute to effective treatment strategies.
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23
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Cong H, Zhao X, Castle BT, Pomeroy EJ, Zhou B, Lee J, Wang Y, Bian T, Miao Z, Zhang W, Sham YY, Odde DJ, Eckfeldt CE, Xing C, Zhuang C. An Indole-Chalcone Inhibits Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cell Growth by Targeting Microtubules. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3892-3900. [PMID: 30048137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance and toxic side effects are the major challenges in cancer treatment with microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs), and thus, there is an urgent clinical need for new therapies. Chalcone, a common simple scaffold found in many natural products, is widely used as a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry. We have previously validated tubulin as the anticancer target for chalcone derivatives. In this study, an α-methyl-substituted indole-chalcone (FC77) was synthesized and found to exhibit an excellent cytotoxicity against the NCI-60 cell lines (average concentration causing 50% growth inhibition = 6 nM). More importantly, several multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines showed no resistance to FC77, and the compound demonstrated good selective toxicity against cancer cells versus normal CD34+ blood progenitor cells. A further mechanistic study demonstrated that FC77 could arrest cells that relate to the binding to tubulin and inhibit the microtubule dynamics. The National Cancer Institute COMPARE analysis and molecular modeling indicated that FC77 had a mechanism of action similar to that of colchicine. Overall, our data demonstrate that this indole-chalcone represents a novel MTA template for further development of potential drug candidates for the treatment of multidrug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cong
- School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding , China
| | - Brian T Castle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Emily J Pomeroy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - John Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Tengfei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Zhenyuan Miao
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China.,School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuk Yin Sham
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - David J Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Craig E Eckfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Chengguo Xing
- School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China.,School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
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24
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The Keap1/Nrf2-ARE Pathway as a Pharmacological Target for Chalcones. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071803. [PMID: 30037040 PMCID: PMC6100069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcones have shown a broad spectrum of biological activities with clinical potential against various diseases. The biological activities are mainly attributed to the presence in the chalcones of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system, perceived as a potential Michael acceptor. Chalcones could activate the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway through a Michael addition reaction with the cysteines of Keap1, which acts as a redox sensor and negative regulator of Nrf2. This modification allows the dissociation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasmic complex with Keap1 and its nuclear translocation. At this level, Nrf2 binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) and activates the expression of several detoxification, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes as well as genes involved in the clearance of damaged proteins. In this regard, the Keap1/Nrf2–ARE pathway is a new potential pharmacological target for the treatment of many chronic diseases. In this review we summarize the current progress in the study of Keap1/Nrf2–ARE pathway activation by natural and synthetic chalcones and their potential pharmacological applications. Among the pharmacological activities highlighted, anti-inflammatory activity was more evident than others, suggesting a multi-target Michael acceptor mechanism for the chalcones involving key regulators of the Nrf2 and nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) pathways.
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25
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Zhuang C, Zhang W, Sheng C, Zhang W, Xing C, Miao Z. Chalcone: A Privileged Structure in Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7762-7810. [PMID: 28488435 PMCID: PMC6131713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 757] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Privileged structures have been widely used as an effective template in medicinal chemistry for drug discovery. Chalcone is a common simple scaffold found in many naturally occurring compounds. Many chalcone derivatives have also been prepared due to their convenient synthesis. These natural products and synthetic compounds have shown numerous interesting biological activities with clinical potentials against various diseases. This review aims to highlight the recent evidence of chalcone as a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Multiple aspects of chalcone will be summarized herein, including the isolation of novel chalcone derivatives, the development of new synthetic methodologies, the evaluation of their biological properties, and the exploration of the mechanisms of action as well as target identification. This review is expected to be a comprehensive, authoritative, and critical review of the chalcone template to the chemistry community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive,
Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zhenyuan Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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26
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Farooqi AA, Gadaleta CD, Ranieri G, Fayyaz S, Marech I. Restoring TRAIL Induced Apoptosis Using Naturopathy. Hercules Joins Hand with Nature to Triumph Over Lernaean Hydra. Curr Genomics 2016; 18:27-38. [PMID: 28503088 PMCID: PMC5321767 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803150023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted disease. Our deepened knowledge about genetic and biological mechanisms of cancer cells presents an opportunity to explore the inter-individual differences in the body’s ability to metabolize and respond to different nutrients. It is becoming progressively more understandable that the deregulation of several signaling pathways and the alterations in apoptotic response are some of the major determinants that underpin carcinogenesis. Tumor necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-mediated signaling has gained a remarkable appreciation because of its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells leaving normal cells intact. However, technological advances have started to shed light on underlying mechanisms of resistance against TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. The impairment of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis includes various factors ranging from the loss or down regulation of TRAIL receptors or pro-apoptotic proteins to the up regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Intriguingly to mention that there is an ever-increasing number of natural herbal extracts (phytometabolites), which have been explored to date for their potential action in restoring apoptosis TRAIL-mediated in cancer cells. In this review, we will highlight the progress in understanding the mechanisms opted by phenolic compounds in overcoming TRAIL resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- 1Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan; 2Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- 1Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan; 2Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- 1Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan; 2Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Sundas Fayyaz
- 1Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan; 2Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marech
- 1Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan; 2Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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Schmitt F, Draut H, Biersack B, Schobert R. Halogenated naphthochalcones and structurally related naphthopyrazolines with antitumor activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5168-5171. [PMID: 27727127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Three 3-(3-halo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-naphthyl)prop-2-en-1-ones 1 and three structurally related 2-pyrazolines 2 were prepared and assessed in vitro for anticancer activity. The chalcones 1 were antiproliferative with low double-digit micromolar IC50 values against six tumor cell lines whereas the pyrazolines 2 showed low single-digit micromolar IC50 values against this panel. The pyrazolines inhibited ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters of types P-gp and BCRP while the chalcones inhibited selectively BCRP. All test compounds induced an accumulation of HT-29 colon carcinoma cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and they interfered with the microtubule and F-actin dynamics, but only the chalcones induced apoptosis in 518A2 melanoma cells after 24h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schmitt
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Heidrun Draut
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Karkhaneh L, Yaghmaei P, Parivar K, Sadeghizadeh M, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Effect of trans-chalcone on atheroma plaque formation, liver fibrosis and adiponectin gene expression in cholesterol-fed NMRI mice. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:720-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Investigation of cellular mechanisms involved in apoptosis induced by a synthetic naphthylchalcone in acute leukemia cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:738-47. [PMID: 27337110 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported the cytotoxic effects of chalcone A1, derived from 1-naphthaldehyde, in leukemia cell lines. On the basis of these findings, the main aim of this study was to elucidate some of the molecular mechanisms involved in apoptosis induced by chalcone A1 toward K562 and Jurkat cells. In both cell lines, chalcone A1 decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, increased the expression of Bax proapoptotic protein, and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein (resulting in the inversion of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio), which indicates the involvement of the intrinsic pathway. In addition, chalcone A1 increased the expression of FasR in Jurkat cells, which also indicates the involvement of the extrinsic pathway in this cell line. The results also showed an increased expression of effector caspase-3 and cleaved PARP-1 and a decreased expression of IAP protein survivin, which are consistent with apoptotic cell death. The decreased expression of Ki67 suggests that the mechanism involved in cell death induced by chalcone A1 also involves a decrease in cell proliferation. In ex-vivo experiments, chalcone A1 reduced the cell viability of blast cells collected from eight patients with different types of acute leukemia, confirming the cytotoxicity results found in vitro. The results obtained so far are very promising and further studies need to be carried out so that chalcone A1 can be used as a prototype for the development of new antileukemia agents.
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Zhou B, Yu X, Zhuang C, Villalta P, Lin Y, Lu J, Xing C. Unambiguous Identification of β-Tubulin as the Direct Cellular Target Responsible for the Cytotoxicity of Chalcone by Photoaffinity Labeling. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1436-45. [PMID: 27203512 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chalcone is a simple and potentially privileged structure in medicinal chemistry with a diverse repertoire of biological activities, among which cytotoxicity is of particular interest. The sharp structure-activity relationship (SAR) for chalcone's cytotoxicity suggests structure-specific target interactions. Despite the numerous putative targets proposed, evidence for direct target interactions in cells is unavailable. In this study, guided by the sharp cytotoxic SAR, we developed a cytotoxic chalcone-based photoaffinity labeling (PAL) probe, (E)-3-(3-azidophenyl)-1-[3,5-dimethoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-2-methylprop-2-en-1-one (C95; IC50 : 0.38±0.01 μm), along with two structurally similar non-cytotoxic probes. These probes were used to search for the direct cellular target responsible for chalcone's cytotoxicity through intact cell-based PAL experiments, in which β-tubulin was identified to specifically interact with the cytotoxic probe (i.e., C95) but not the non-cytotoxic probes. A set of phenotypical and biochemical assays further reinforced β-tubulin as the cytotoxic target of chalcones. Peptide mass quantitation by mass spectrometric analysis revealed one peptide potentially labeled by C95, providing information on chalcone's binding site on β-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Xingxin Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Research Center for Marine Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Peter Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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2'-Hydroxy-4-methylsulfonylchalcone enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 26:74-84. [PMID: 25192452 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignant cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Previously, we have shown that 2'-hydroxy-4-methylsulfonylchalcone (RG003) induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145. Although tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent, some cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL treatment. PC-3 and LNCaP prostatic cancer cell lines have been reported to be resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Here, we show for the first time that RG003 overcomes TRAIL resistance in prostate cancer cells. RG003 can enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation and downregulation of Bcl-2, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) survival pathways. When used in combined treatment, RG003 and TRAIL amplified TRAIL-induced activation of apoptosis effectors and particularly activation of caspase-8 and the executioner caspase-3, leading to increased poly-ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage and DNA fragmentation in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, we showed that RG003 reduced COX-2 expression in cells. Previously, we showed that COX-2 was involved in resistance to an apoptosis mechanism; then, its inhibition by RG003 could render cells more sensitive to TRAIL treatment. We showed that nuclear factor-κB activation was inhibited after RG003 treatment. This inhibition was correlated with reduction in COX-2 expression and induction of apoptosis. Overall, we conclude, for the first time, that RG003 can enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. The significance of our in-vitro study with RG003 and TRAIL combined is very encouraging, suggesting the relevance of testing this combined treatment in xenograft animal models.
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Chalcone-Induced Apoptosis through Caspase-Dependent Intrinsic Pathways in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:260. [PMID: 26907262 PMCID: PMC4783989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. Chemoprevention of HCC can be achieved through the use of natural or synthetic compounds that reverse, suppress or prevent the development of cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effects and the mechanism of action of two compounds, 2,3,4'-trimethoxy-2'-hydroxy-chalcone (CH1) and 3'-bromo-3,4-dimethoxy-chalcone (CH2), over human hepatoma cells (HepG2 and Huh-7) and cultured mouse hepatocytes (HepM). Cytotoxic effects were observed over the HepG2 and Huh-7, and no effects were observed over the HepM. For HepG2 cells, treated separately with each chalcone, typical apoptotic laddering and nuclear condensation were observed. Additionally, the caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins activation by using Western blotting and immunocytochemistry were studied. Caspase-8 was not activated, but caspase-3 and -9 were both activated by chalcones in HepG2 cells. Chalcones also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation after 4, 8 and 24 h of treatment in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that apoptosis in HepG2 was induced through: (i) a caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway; and (ii) by alterations in the cellular levels of Bcl-2 family proteins, and also, that the chalcone moiety could be a potent candidate as novel anticancer agents acting on human hepatomas.
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Simon L, Srinivasan KK, Kumar N, Reddy ND, Biswas S, Rao CM, Moorkoth S. Selected novel 5'-amino-2'-hydroxy-1, 3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones arrest cell cycle of HCT-116 in G0/G1 phase. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:21-32. [PMID: 27152112 PMCID: PMC4849104 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5'-amino-2'-hydroxy-1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones (AC1-AC15) were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 5'-acetamido-2'-hydroxy acetophenone with various substituted aromatic aldehydes. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry and evaluated for their selective cytotoxicity using MTT assay on two cancer cell lines namely breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) and one normal kidney epithelial cell line (Vero). Among the tested compounds, AC-10 showed maximum cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell line with IC50 value 74.7 ± 3.5 µM. On HCT-116 cells, AC-13 exhibited maximum cytotoxicity with IC50 value 42.1 ± 4.0 µM followed by AC-14 and AC-10 with IC50 values 62 ± 2.3 µM and 95.4 ± 1.7 µM respectively. All tested compounds were found to be safe on Vero cell line with IC50 value more than 200 µM. Based on their highest efficacy on HCT-116, AC-10, AC-13 and AC-14 were selected for mechanistic study on this cell line by evaluating changes nucleomorphological characteristics using acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AOEB) dual stain and by analyzing cell cycle with flow cytometry using propidium iodide stain. In AOEB staining, all three tested compounds showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in percentage apoptotic nuclei compared to control cells, with highest increase in apoptotic nuclei by AC-13 treatment (31 %). Flow cytometric studies showed cell cycle arrest by AC-10 and AC-14 treatment in G0/G1 phase and by AC-13 in G0/G1 and G2/M phase. The study reflected the potential of AC-10, AC-13 and AC-14 to be the lead molecules for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal, 576 104, India
| | - K K Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Madhwa Vadiraja Institute of Technology & Management, (affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum), Bantakal, Udupi, 574115, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, 576 104, India
| | - Neetinkumar D Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, 576 104, India
| | - Subhankar Biswas
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, 576 104, India
| | - C Mallikarjuna Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, 576 104, India
| | - Sudheer Moorkoth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, 576 104, India
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Chalcone Scaffold in Anticancer Armamentarium: A Molecular Insight. J Toxicol 2016; 2016:7651047. [PMID: 26880913 PMCID: PMC4735904 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7651047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an inevitable matter of concern in the medicinal chemistry era. Chalcone is the well exploited scaffold in the anticancer domain. The molecular mechanism of chalcone at cellular level was explored in past decades. This mini review provides the most recent updates on anticancer potential of chalcones.
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Boopathy M, Subramanian K. Preparation of Polycyclic Pendant Chalcone Moiety Based Antimicrobial Polyacrylamides. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mani Boopathy
- Department of chemistry; Anna University; Chennai 600 025 India
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36
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Jandial DD, Blair CA, Zhang S, Krill LS, Zhang YB, Zi X. Molecular targeted approaches to cancer therapy and prevention using chalcones. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2015; 14:181-200. [PMID: 24467530 DOI: 10.2174/1568009614666140122160515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging paradigm shift in oncology that seeks to emphasize molecularly targeted approaches for cancer prevention and therapy. Chalcones (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-ones), naturally-occurring compounds with widespread distribution in spices, tea, beer, fruits and vegetables, consist of open-chain flavonoids in which the two aromatic rings are joined by a three-carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system. Due to their structural diversity, relative ease of chemical manipulation and reaction of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety with cysteine residues in proteins, some lead chalcones from both natural products and synthesis have been identified in a variety of screening assays for modulating important pathways or molecular targets in cancers. These pathways and targets that are affected by chalcones include MDM2/p53, tubulin, proteasome, NF-kappa B, TRIAL/death receptors and mitochondria mediated apoptotic pathways, cell cycle, STAT3, AP-1, NRF2, AR, ER, PPAR-γ and β-catenin/Wnt. Compared to current cancer targeted therapeutic drugs, chalcones have the advantages of being inexpensive, easily available and less toxic; the ease of synthesis of chalcones from substituted benzaldehydes and acetophenones also makes them an attractive drug scaffold. Therefore, this review is focused on molecular targets of chalcones and their potential implications in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Rt.81 Bldg.55 Rm.302, Orange CA 92868, USA.
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Chen YC, Chang HY, Deng JS, Chen JJ, Huang SS, Lin IH, Kuo WL, Chao W, Huang GJ. Hispolon from Phellinus linteus induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NB4 human leukaemia cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 41:1439-57. [PMID: 24228611 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hispolon (a phenolic compound isolated from Phellinus linteus) has been shown to possess strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effect of hispolon on human hepatocellular carcinoma NB4 cells using the MTT assay, DNA fragmentation, DAPI (4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) staining, and flow cytometric analysis. Hispolon inhibited the cellular growth of NB4 cells in a dose-dependent manner through the induction of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase measured using flow cytometric analysis and apoptotic cell death, as demonstrated by DNA laddering. Exposure of NB4 cells to hispolon-induced apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as the cleavage form of caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, poly (ADP ribose) polymerase, and the proapoptotic Bax protein. Western blot analysis showed that the protein levels of extrinsic apoptotic proteins (Fas and FasL), intrinsic related proteins (cytochrome c), and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were increased in NB4 cells after hispolon treatment. Hispolon-induced G0/G1-phase arrest was associated with a marked decrease in the protein expression of p53, cyclins D1, and cyclins E, and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 2, and 4, with concomitant induction of p21waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1. We conclude that hispolon induces both of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in NB4 human leukemia cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chuan Chen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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38
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Mai CW, Yaeghoobi M, Abd-Rahman N, Kang YB, Pichika MR. Chalcones with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents: anticancer activity against TRAIL resistant cancer cells, structure-activity relationship analysis and regulation of apoptotic proteins. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:378-87. [PMID: 24675137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a series of 46 chalcones were synthesised and evaluated for antiproliferative activities against the human TRAIL-resistant breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), cervical (HeLa), ovarian (Caov-3), lung (A549), liver (HepG2), colorectal (HT-29), nasopharyngeal (CNE-1), erythromyeloblastoid (K-562) and T-lymphoblastoid (CEM-SS) cancer cells. The chalcone 38 containing an amino (-NH2) group on ring A was the most potent and selective against cancer cells. The effects of the chalcone 38 on regulation of 43 apoptosis-related markers in HT-29 cells were determined. The results showed that 20 apoptotic markers (Bad, Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-w, Bid, Bim, CD40, Fas, HSP27, IGF-1, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5, Livin, p21, Survivin, sTNF-R2, TRAIL-R2, XIAP, caspase-3 and caspase-8) were either up regulated or down regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wai Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marzieh Yaeghoobi
- Drug Design and Development Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorsaadah Abd-Rahman
- Drug Design and Development Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yew Beng Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Apoptotic effect of synthetic 2′,4′,5′-trimethoxychalcones in human K562 and Jurkat leukemia cells. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Champelovier P, Chauchet X, Hazane-Puch F, Vergnaud S, Garrel C, Laporte F, Boutonnat J, Boumendjel A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms activating the cell death processes by chalcones: Critical structural effects. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:2305-15. [PMID: 24134853 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones are naturally occurring compounds with diverse pharmacological activities. Chalcones derive from the common structure: 1,3-diphenylpropenone. The present study aims to better understand the mechanistic pathways triggering chalcones anticancer effects and providing evidences that minor structural difference could lead to important difference in mechanistic effect. We selected two recently investigated chalcones (A and B) and investigated them on glioblastoma cell lines. It was found that chalcone A induced an apoptotic process (type I PCD), via the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. Chalcone A also increased CDK1/cyclin B ratios and decreased the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Chalcone B induced an autophagic cell death process (type II PCD), ROS-related but independent of both caspases and protein synthesis. Both chalcones increased Bax/Bcl2 ratios and decreased Ki67 and CD71 antigen expressions. The present investigation reveals that despite the close structure of chalcones A and B, significant differences in mechanism of effect were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Champelovier
- Laboratoire de Cytologie, Département d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Hôpital A. Michallon, CS10217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 09, France.
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Ismail B, Ghezali L, Gueye R, Limami Y, Pouget C, Leger DY, Martin F, Beneytout JL, Duroux JL, Diab-Assaf M, Fagnere C, Liagre B. Novel methylsulfonyl chalcones as potential antiproliferative drugs for human prostate cancer: involvement of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1160-8. [PMID: 23877542 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited success has been achieved in extending the survival of patients with metastatic and hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). There is a strong need for novel agents in the treatment and prevention of HRPC. In the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of action of RG003 (2'-hydroxy-4-methylsulfonylchalcone) and RG005 (4'-chloro-2'-hydroxy-4-methylsulfonylchalcone) in association with intracellular signalling pathways was investigated in the hormone-independent prostate carcinoma cells PC-3 and DU145. We showed that these compounds induced apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway but not through the extrinsic one. We showed that synthetic chalcones induced an activation of caspase-9 but not caspase-8 in PC-3 cells. Even if both chalcones induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells, a dominant effect of RG003 treatment was observed resulting in a disruption of ∆ψm, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, in regard to our results, it is clear that the simultaneous inhibition of Akt and NF-κB signalling can significantly contribute to the anticancer effects of RG003 and RG005 in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. NF-κB inhibition was correlated with the reduction of COX-2 expression and induction of apoptosis. Our results clearly indicate for the first time that RG003 and RG005 exert their potent anti‑proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects through the modulation of Akt/NF-κB/COX-2 signal transduction pathways in PC-3 prostate cancer cells with a dominant effect for RG003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassel Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, FR 3503 GEIST, EA1069, GDR CNRS 3049, Limoges, France
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Probing antioxidant activity of 2'-hydroxychalcones: crystal and molecular structures, in vitro antiproliferative studies and in vivo effects on glucose regulation. Biochimie 2013; 95:1954-63. [PMID: 23851195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to better understand the antioxidant behavior of a series of polyphenolic 2'-hydroxychalcones, we describe the results of several chemical and biological studies, in vitro and in vivo. Single crystal X-ray methods elucidated their molecular structures and important intermolecular interactions such as H-bonding and molecular stacking in the crystal structures that contribute to our knowledge in explaining antioxidant activity. The results of experiments using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) UV-vis spectroscopic method indicate that a hydroxyl group in position 5' induces the highest antioxidant activity. Consequently, 2,2',5'-trihydroxychalcone was selected for further study in vitro towards ROS scavenging in L-6 myoblasts and THP-1 human monocytes, where it shows an excellent antioxidant activity in a concentration range lower than that reported by most studies of related molecules. In addition, this chalcone shows a very selective activity: it inhibits the proliferation of leukemic cells, but it does not affect the normal L-6 myoblasts and human fibroblasts. In studying 2,2',5'-trihydroxychalcone's effect on weight gain and serum glucose and insulin levels in Zucker fatty (fa(-)/fa(-)) rats we found that supplementing the diet with a 10 mg/kg dose of this chalcone (3 times weekly) blunted the increase in glucose that co-occurs with weight gain over the 6-week treatment period. It is concluded that 2,2',5'-trihydroxychalcone has the potential to serve as a protective agent for some debilitating diseases.
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Lorenzo P, Ortiz MA, Álvarez R, Piedrafita FJ, de Lera ÁR. Adamantyl arotinoids that inhibit IκB kinase α and IκB kinase β. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1184-98. [PMID: 23653373 PMCID: PMC3892996 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of analogues of the adamantyl arotinoid (AdAr) chalcone MX781 with halogenated benzyloxy substituents at C2' and heterocyclic derivatives replacing the chalcone group were found to inhibit IκBα kinase α (IKKα) and IκBα kinase β (IKKβ) activities. The growth inhibitory capacity of some analogues against Jurkat T cells as well as prostate carcinoma (PC-3) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) cells, which contain elevated basal IKK activity, correlates with the induction of apoptosis and increased inhibition of recombinant IKKα and IKKβ in vitro, pointing toward inhibition of IKK/NFκB signaling as the most likely target of the anticancer activities of these AdArs. While the chalcone functional group present in many dietary compounds has been shown to mediate interactions with IKKβ via Michael addition with cysteine residues, AdArs containing a five-membered heterocyclic ring (isoxazoles and pyrazoles) in place of the chalcone of the parent system are potent inhibitors of IKKs as well, which suggests that other mechanisms for inhibition exist that do not depend on the presence of a reactive α,β-unsaturated ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lorenzo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Instituto de Investigaciones, Biomédicas de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo (Spain), Fax: (+34)986811940
| | - María A. Ortiz
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Stomics Ct., San Diego, CA 92121, Fax: (+1) 858 5973884
| | - Rosana Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Instituto de Investigaciones, Biomédicas de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo (Spain), Fax: (+34)986811940
| | - F. Javier Piedrafita
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Stomics Ct., San Diego, CA 92121, Fax: (+1) 858 5973884
| | - Ángel R. de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Instituto de Investigaciones, Biomédicas de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo (Spain), Fax: (+34)986811940
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Kim SY, Lee IS, Moon A. 2-Hydroxychalcone and xanthohumol inhibit invasion of triple negative breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 203:565-72. [PMID: 23562496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is estimated as one of the most common causes of cancer death among women. In particular, triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs), which do not express the genes for estrogen/progesterone receptors (ER/PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), have been associated with poor prognosis and metastasis. Chalcones, the biosynthetic precursors of flavonoids present in edible plants, exert cytotoxic and chemopreventive activities. Although mounting evidence suggests the anticancer properties of chalcones, limited information is available regarding the inhibitory effects of chalcones on the aggressiveness of breast cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of chalcone and its derivatives on the growth and the invasiveness of TNBC cells. Here, we showed that treatment with chalcone, 2-hydroxychalcone, and xanthohumol for 24h inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 18.1, 4.6, and 6.7 μM, respectively. Similarly, Chalcone, 2-hydroxychalcone, and xanthohumol also exerted cytotoxicity in another TNBC cell line, Hs578T. Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, 4-methoxychalcone, and hesperidin methylchalcone did not show the cytotoxicity on the MDA-MB-231 cells. Xanthohumol and 2-hydroxychalcone induced apoptosis by Bcl-2 downregulation. Importantly, 2-hydroxychalcone and xanthohumol exerted more potent inhibitory effects on the proliferation, MMP-9 expression and invasive phenotype of MDA-MB-231 than chalcone. These results suggest a potential application of these chalcones as anticancer agents that can alleviate malignant progression of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
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45
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Maioral MF, Gaspar PC, Rosa Souza GR, Mascarello A, Chiaradia LD, Licínio MA, Moraes ACR, Yunes RA, Nunes RJ, Santos-Silva MC. Apoptotic events induced by synthetic naphthylchalcones in human acute leukemia cell lines. Biochimie 2013; 95:866-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kamal A, Kashi Reddy M, Viswanath A. The design and development of imidazothiazole–chalcone derivatives as potential anticancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:289-304. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.758630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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47
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Aryapour H, Riazi GH, Ahmadian S, Foroumadi A, Mahdavi M, Emami S. Induction of apoptosis through tubulin inhibition in human cancer cells by new chromene-based chalcones. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1551-1560. [PMID: 22984888 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.695799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT As microtubules are highly involved in cellular growth, it appears to be a preferential target for cancer treatment. Therefore, many efforts have been performed to discover drugs that affect on microtubule function. Several microtubule inhibitors are in various stages of laboratory evaluations and clinical trials. OBJECTIVE A series of chromene-based chalcones with chlorine, methoxy, fluorine, tetrahydropyranyloxy and cyanide substituents were prepared and evaluated for cytotoxic effects against K562 and SK-N-MC cell lines, and the inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization was studied as well. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT, tubulin polymerization assays and binding measurements were evaluated by using related spectroscopy. Immunocytochemical study, morphological observations and apoptosis assay were examined using a fluorescence microscope and a flow cytometer. RESULTS (E)-3-(6-Chloro-2H-chromen-3-yl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (compound 14) proved to be the most active in this series as an inhibitor of tubulin assembly [IC₅₀, 19.6 µM] and cytotoxic agent on K562 cells [IC₅₀, 38.7 µM]. Furthermore, these compounds exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization and reduced the in vitro assembly and bundling of proto-filaments. Also, compound 14 bound to the tubulin with a dissociation constant of 9.4 ± 0.7 µM and induced conformational changes in this protein. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study suggests that the compound 14 could be a good antitumor agent because of its biological functions. Compound 14 appears to bind directly to tubulin and thereby perturbs microtubule stability and the function of the spindle apparatus, which causes cancer cells to arrest and undergo apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Aryapour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
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Barradas S, Hernández-Torres G, Urbano A, Carreño MC. Total Synthesis of Natural p-Quinol Cochinchinenone. Org Lett 2012; 14:5952-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302858r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barradas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (Módulo 01), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Hernández-Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (Módulo 01), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Urbano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (Módulo 01), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Carreño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (Módulo 01), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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Szliszka E, Jaworska D, Ksek M, Czuba ZP, Król W. Targeting death receptor TRAIL-R2 by chalcones for TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203129 PMCID: PMC3509645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131115343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in cancer cells without toxicity to normal cells. TRAIL binds to death receptors, TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5) expressed on cancer cell surface and activates apoptotic pathways. Endogenous TRAIL plays an important role in immune surveillance and defense against cancer cells. However, as more tumor cells are reported to be resistant to TRAIL mediated death, it is important to search for and develop new strategies to overcome this resistance. Chalcones can sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We examined the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of TRAIL in combination with four chalcones: chalcone, isobavachalcone, licochalcone A and xanthohumol on HeLa cancer cells. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT and LDH assays. The apoptosis was detected using annexin V-FITC staining by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Death receptor expression was analyzed using flow cytometry. The decreased expression of death receptors in cancer cells may be the cause of TRAIL-resistance. Chalcones enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells through increased expression of TRAIL-R2. Our study has indicated that chalcones augment the antitumor activity of TRAIL and confirm their cancer chemopreventive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szliszka
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
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Orlikova B, Schnekenburger M, Zloh M, Golais F, Diederich M, Tasdemir D. Natural chalcones as dual inhibitors of HDACs and NF-κB. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:797-805. [PMID: 22710558 PMCID: PMC3583578 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) are emerging as a promising biological target for cancer and inflammation. Using a fluorescence assay, we tested the in vitro HDAC inhibitory activity of twenty-one natural chalcones, a widespread group of natural products with well-known anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. Since HDACs regulate the expression of the transcription factor NF-κB, we also evaluated the inhibitory potential of the compounds on NF-κB activation. Only four chalcones, isoliquiritigenin (no. 10), butein (no. 12), homobutein (no. 15) and the glycoside marein (no. 21) showed HDAC inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 60–190 μM, whereas a number of compounds inhibited TNFα-induced NF-κB activation with IC50 values in the range of 8–41 μM. Interestingly, three chalcones (nos. 10, 12 and 15) inhibited both TNFα-induced NF-κB activity and total HDAC activity of classes I, II and IV. Molecular modeling and docking studies were performed to shed light into dual activity and to draw structure-activity relationships among chalcones (nos. 1–21). To the best of our knowledge this is the first study that provides evidence for HDACs as potential drug targets for natural chalcones. The dual inhibitory potential of the selected chalcones on NF-κB and HDACs was investigated for the first time. This study demonstrates that chalcones can serve as lead compounds in the development of dual inhibitors against both targets in the treatment of inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Orlikova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Cancer and Blood Research Foundation, Kirchberg Hospital, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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