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Owumi SE, Otunla MT, Elerewe OO, Arunsi UO. Co-exposure to aflatoxin B1 and therapeutic coartem worsens hepatic and renal function through enhanced oxido-inflammatory responses and apoptosis in rats. Toxicon 2023; 222:106988. [PMID: 36473514 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin synthesised as a secondary metabolite by members of the Aspergillus species contaminating agricultural produce. Aspergillus species thrive in tropical climes, endemic to malaria. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) effectively treat and prevent malaria recrudescence; Coartem (COA) is an ACT whose toxicity is evident. Although there are scanty studies on COA toxicity, the scientific literature is replete on AFB1 toxic effects -including carcinogenicity. The current research investigates AFB1 and COA toxicity in experimental Wistar rats' hepatorenal systems. Thirty albino rats were randomly grouped into five cohorts (n = 6) and treated as follows: Group I: Untreated control (2 mL/kg of corn oil); group II: AFB1 alone (70 μg/kg); group III: COA alone (5 mg/kg); group IV: COA and a low dose of AFB11 (5 mg/kg & 35 μg/kg); while Group V: COA and a high dose AFB12 (5 mg/kg & 70 μg/kg) by gavage. Our results show that exposure to AFB1 and COA significantly (p < 0.05) reduced superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase activities, besides reduced glutathione and total sulfhydryl groups level. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, nitric oxide, xanthine oxidase, and myeloperoxidase levels were increased (p < 0.05) in rats co-treated with COA and AFB1. Cell death was aggravated in COA and AFB1 groups, exemplified by increased Caspase-3 and 9 activities and alterations in the typical histological features of experimental rats' livers and kidneys. Finally, rats co-treated with AFB1 and COA experienced increased hepatorenal dysregulation, oxidative and inflammatory tissue damage, and apoptotic cell death. All the observed systemic perturbations occurred dose-dependently. It is crucial, therefore, to prevent AFB1 dietary contaminations during COA therapeutic regimen due to increased pathophysiological damage exerted on experimental rat liver and kidneys, as evidenced in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, 200004, Nigeria.
| | - Moses T Otunla
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, 200004, Nigeria
| | - Oyindamola O Elerewe
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, 200004, Nigeria
| | - Uche O Arunsi
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Elbeltagy A, Mohamed G, Akeel M, Abdelaziz K, Elbakry K, Elsayed A. Modulatory role of garlic ( Allium sativum) extract against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity in female albino rats and their offspring. F1000Res 2022; 11:504. [PMID: 37547786 PMCID: PMC10403747 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.111293.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin (CP) is one of the chemotherapeutic drugs widely utilized in the treatment of several malignancies. However, recently; its use has been limited because of its hazardous health drawbacks. Previous researches confirmed that CP has severe deleterious side effects on pregnant mothers and their fetuses. Garlic ( Allium sativum) extract has been claimed to exhibit potent antioxidative and free radical scavenging abilities. Aim: This work is mainly designed to evaluate the potential therapeutic role of garlic extract against CP-induced nephrotoxicity in pregnant rats and their offspring. Methods: 24 pregnant rats were used in the current study. They were randomly allocated into four groups (n=6): control, garlic, CP, and CP + garlic group. At the end of the weaning period, the mothers and the offsprings of all groups were sacrificed, the kidneys were immediately excised, and processed for histological and biochemical investigations. Also, blood samples were withdrawn and processed for estimation of the assigned biochemical parameters. Results: The renal histological sections from CP-treated mother rats displayed pronounced histopathological lesions however, their offspring showed mild renal histopathological lesions if compared with those of their mothers. The levels of renal tissue Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes were significantly decreased. On the contrary, the levels of malondialdehyde, serum urea, and creatinine were significantly increased in CP-treated mother rats and their offspring as compared with control. The percentage value of caspase 3 activity was markedly elevated in the renal tissues of CP-treated mother rats and their offspring compared to the control group. Supplementation of garlic extract to the CP treated rats; the overall histological lesions, as well as biochemical parameters, were restored nearly to the control ones. It is concluded that garlic ( Allium sativum) extract has a powerful ameliorative role against CP-induced nephrotoxicity in pregnant rats and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Human Anatomy, , Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Akeel
- Department of Human Anatomy, , Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karoline Abdelaziz
- Zoology, Damanhour University Faculty of Science, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Kadry Elbakry
- Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta, University, Damietta, Egypt, Damietta, 34611, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsayed
- Zoology, Damanhour University Faculty of Science, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
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Adelakun SA, Ukwenya VO, Akintunde OW. Vitamin B 12 ameliorate Tramadol-induced oxidative stress, endocrine imbalance, apoptosis and NO/iNOS/NF-κB expression in Sprague Dawley rats through regulatory mechanism in the pituitary-gonadal axis. Tissue Cell 2021; 74:101697. [PMID: 34923198 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at the effect of vitamin B12 (VB12) on tramadol (TRM) induced pituitary-gonadal Axis toxicity. Thirty-two (32) adult male rats were randomized into four groups of eight (n = 8) rats each. Group A served as control was given 1 mL normal saline, group B received 50 mg /kg bwt TRM, group C received 0.5 mg/kg bwt VB12 and group D received 50 mg /kg bwt TRM and 0.5 mg/kg bwt VB12 through gastric gavage daily for 8 weeks. Parameters tested include sperm parameter, male reproductive hormone, testicular histology, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphate (ACP), and alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity, steroidogenic protein, cytochrome P450 A1, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB), oxidative and antioxidant makers. Tramadol significantly decreases sperm quality, hormone, steroidogenic protein, cytochrome P450 A1, ACP, ALP, and increases glucose, LDH, oxidative stress, mtTFA, and UCP2, p53 expression, NO, iNOS, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and caspase-3 activity. Degenerative alterations of the testes' and pituitary architecture and perturbation of spermatogenesis were observed in TRM-treated rats. The intervention of VB12 downregulated testicular oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, glucose, lactate, LDH, p53, caspase-3, mtTFA, and UCP2. And upregulate antioxidant, sperm quality, hormone, and spermatogenic cells. Vitamin B12 exhibited mitigation against TRM-induced testicular dysfunction via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Aderemi Adelakun
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olalekan Wasiu Akintunde
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
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Busari MB, Hamzah RU, Muhammad HL, Yusuf RS, Madaki FM, Adeniyi JO, Ibrahim YO, Berinyuy EB. Phenolic rich-extracts from Nauclea latifolia fruit restored Lead acetate-induced liver and kidney damaged in Wistar rats. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLiver and kidney diseases are becoming order of the day in both developed and developing countries as a result of environmental pollutants such as lead. Restorative activities of methanol and methanol/acetone phenolic-rich extracts (MPR and MAPR, respectively) of the N. latifolia fruit (NLF) on lead acetate-induced liver and kidney damaged were assessed in Wistar rats. The antioxidant activities of both phenolic-rich extracts of NLF were also carried out using standard methods. Seven groups of Wistar rats comprising of 5 rats each were used for the study and 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw.) of lead acetate solution was administered orally to the 6 groups of animals to induce liver and kidney damage. The high and low dosages of 300 and of 150 mg/kg body weight (bw.) of both MPR and MAPR were administered orally to four groups for 14 days along positive (100 mg/kg bw. of silymarin), negative (treated with the placebo) and naïve control (non-induced). The percentage DPPH radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power and percentage inhibition of lipid peroxidation show high antioxidants activities dose-dependently. Furthermore, administration of lead acetate significantly (p > 0.05) reduces the weight gain and elevates the liver and kidney relative weight as well as their respective damage biomarkers with distortions in their histologies. However, treatment with MPR and MAPR resulted in significant (p < 0.05) improve in the percentage body weight gain, relative liver and kidney weight as well as restoration of the activities of the liver and kidney functions biomarkers of the treated animals. Likewise, lesser hepatic and renal cells injury were also observed in the treated groups with MAPR being more active at high dosage which significantly (p < 0.05) compared well with normal group. Hence, the phenolics content of the N. latifolia fruit can be exploited further for drug development for the management kidney and liver damage arise from lead-induced toxicity.
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Hettithanthri O, Sandanayake S, Magana-Arachchi D, Wanigatunge R, Rajapaksha AU, Zeng X, Shi Q, Guo H, Vithanage M. Risk factors for endemic chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka: Retrospect of water security in the dry zone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148839. [PMID: 34328928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is receiving considerable attention due to the serious threat to human health throughout the world. However, the roles of geo-socio-environmental factors in the prevalence of the CKDu endemic areas are still unknown. Sri Lanka is one of the countries most seriously affected by CKDu, where 10 out of 25 districts have been identified as the areas with the high prevalence of CKDu (10-20%). This review summarizes the geographical distribution of CKDu and its probable geochemical, behavioral, sociological, and environmental risk factors based on research related to hydrogeochemical influences on CKDu in Sri Lanka. More than 98% of CKDu patients have consumed groundwater as their primary water source in daily life, indicating the interactions of geogenic contaminants (such as F-, total dissolved solids, Hofmeister ions) in groundwater is responsible for the disease. Apart from the hydrogeochemical factors, mycotoxins, cyanotoxins, use of some herbal medicines, dehydration, and exposure to agrochemicals were alleged as risk factors. Sociological factors, including poverty, living habits and anthropogenic activities, may also provoke the emergence of CKDu. Therefore, the interaction of geo-socio environmental risk factors should be sociologically and scientifically considered to prevent the prevalence of CKDu. Future in-depth studies are required to reveal the individual role of each of the postulated etiological factors, possibly using machine learning and advanced statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshadi Hettithanthri
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Sandun Sandanayake
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Dhammika Magana-Arachchi
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Rasika Wanigatunge
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Xianjiang Zeng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiutong Shi
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaming Guo
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
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Akintunde JK, Ajiboye JA, Siemuri EO, Olabisi OO. Fansidar drug induces cytotoxicity in some vital tissues in a rat model: combination defensive effect of selenium and zinc capsules. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2021; 12:20420986211027101. [PMID: 34349977 PMCID: PMC8287264 DOI: 10.1177/20420986211027101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Fansidar (FAN) is widely used as an antimalarial drug, but it may cause hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Hence, the study examines the cytoprotection of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) tablets against FAN induced toxicity. METHOD Group I was given distilled water. Groups II, III, IV, and V received 50 mg/kg FAN by gavage. Group III was co-treated with a 50 mg/kg Se tablet. Group IV was co-treated with a 50 mg/kg Zn tablet. Group V was co-treated with a 50 mg/kg Se tablet + 50 mg/kg Zn tablet. The exposure lasted for 7 days (sub-acute exposure). RESULT FAN causes cytotoxicity through significant (p < 0.05) alteration of antioxidant molecules and hepatic enzymes. It also significantly (p < 0.05) induces renal, hepatocyte, and purkinje cell damage, but no visible lesion on testicular cells. The FAN induced cytotoxicity was significantly (p < 0.05) reversed on treatment with both single and combined antioxidant tablets. CONCLUSION Our study supports the view that antioxidant micronutrient (Se and Zn) tablets may be a useful modulator in alleviating FAN induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in male rats. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Combined selenium and zinc capsules: better therapy against cytotoxicity Fansidar was approved by United States' Food and Drug Administration as an anti-malarial drug to treat acute and complicated malaria fever among patients in West Africa; however, its usage elicits toxicity to several organs of the body. It was elucidated that the combination of selenium and zinc capsules promotes organ wellness on co-treatment with Fansidar.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. K Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - J. A Ajiboye
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - E. O Siemuri
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - O. O. Olabisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Khovarnagh N, Seyedalipour B. Antioxidant, histopathological and biochemical outcomes of short-term exposure to acetamiprid in liver and brain of rat: The protective role of N-acetylcysteine and S-methylcysteine. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:280-289. [PMID: 33981177 PMCID: PMC8084716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and S-methyl- L-cysteine (SMC) against hepatic oxidative stress and brain damage induced by acetamiprid (ACP) in rats, which were evaluated by histopathological changes, measuring serum biomarkers and antioxidant defense systems. In this study, 42 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups and administered by intraperitoneally for one week: the control group, the sham group (normal saline), ACP alone (5 mg/kg) (group1), NAC alone (160 mg/kg) (group2), ACP + SMC (100 mg/kg) (group3), ACP + NAC (group 4) and ACP + NAC + SMC (group 5). Our results showed that acetamiprid induces liver injures including infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion and altered histo-architecture and brain damages including gliosis, hyperemia and necrosis. The biochemical analyses showed that acetamiprid significantly altered the structural and biochemical profiles of liver which may be due to the loss of integrity of cell membranes. Furthermore, antioxidant parameters results of ACP group revealed that glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels decreased significantly, while lipid peroxidation (LPO) content and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activities increased in both tissues (P < 0.05), suggesting tissue oxidative damage, which was also confirmed histopathological. Conversely, administration of NAC and SMC ameliorated LPO, GSH content and antioxidant enzymes system considerably (P < 0.05) in both tissues. Moreover, NAC and SMC administration also improved liver and brain malfunction. These results indicate that both NAC and in to a lesser amount SMC have a potent antioxidant protection in both tissues of rat against ACP-induced oxidative stress.
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Shija KM, Nondo RSO, Mloka D, Sangeda RZ, Bwire GM. Effects of lemon decoction on malaria parasite clearance and selected hematological parameters in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:24. [PMID: 32020885 PMCID: PMC7076818 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus plants particularly lemon (Citrus limon L.) concoctions are ethno-medically used for treatment of infectious diseases including malaria. Therefore, we set an experiment to investigate the effects of lemon decoction in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA parasites. METHODS Antimalarial activity was determined using Rane's curative test on 25 Theiler's albino mice. Twenty mice were each injected with 2 × 107 infected red blood cells (iRBCs). The mice were divided into four groups, consisting of five mice per group. Each group received an oral dose of either 5% carboxymethyl cellulose/placebo (negative infected control), lemon decoction (Citrus limon [CILI extract]) alone or a combination of artemether/lumefantrine (A/LU, 28 mg/kg) and CILI extract and A/LU alone. A fifth group of mice consisted of uninfected mice as parasite-negative control. RESULTS Within 72 hours after initiation of treatment, the mean percentage parasitemia ± standard deviation of the CILI extract group (24.2% ± 9.83%) was lower compared to placebo group (40.0% ± 14.78%), p = 0.037. CILI extract group was found to have an increased survival rate (11 days ± 1.6 days) as compared to placebo group (8.6 days ± 3.4 days), p = 0.226. Mice in the combination group (A/LU + CILI extract) had the highest mean counts in terms of hemato-immunological parameters, whereas those in the CILI extract alone had the lowest hematocrit levels. The study also found that mice that received a combination of CILI extract and A/LU exhibited a decreased lag time with regards to time required to clear 99% of parasites (58.8 h vs. 64.2 h, p = 0.681) as compared to the A/LU alone group. CONCLUSION Lemon decoction demonstrated antimalarial activity in mice infected with P. berghei ANKA through parasites suppression by 39% as compared to those received placebo. However, when used alone, lemons did not suffice as a cure but in combination with standard antimalarials, lemons promoted early parasite clearance with an improved hematological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin M Shija
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ramadhani S O Nondo
- Department of Biological and Pre-Clinical Studies, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Doreen Mloka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Raphael Z Sangeda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - George M Bwire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es salaam, Tanzania.
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Jeon WY, Jin SE, Seo CS, Lee MY, Shin HK, Han SC, Ha H. Safety assessment of Gyejibokryeong-hwan water extract: Study of acute and subacute toxicity, and influence on drug metabolizing enzymes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 240:111913. [PMID: 31091465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gyejibokryeong-hwan is a traditional herbal medicine and is reported to have various pharmacological actions. Despite many reports of previous studies, there is limited scientific evidence concerning its safety and few drug-metabolism profiles to support the continued therapeutic application of Gyejibokryeong-hwan. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute and subacute toxicity profile of a Gyejibokryeong-hwan water extract (GBHW) in vivo, and its effects on the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute and subacute toxicity was evaluated by giving GBHW to rats. In a study of acute toxicity, the rats were given GBHW by single oral gavage administration at 0 and 5000 mg/kg. In a study of subacute toxicity, rats were given GBHW by oral gavage at 0, 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg/day daily for 28 days. The activities of the major human microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isozymes were investigated using fluorescence- and luminescence-based enzyme assays in vitro, respectively. RESULTS GBHW did not cause any mortality in the study of acute toxicity. In the study of subacute toxicity, GBHW at more than 2000 mg/kg/day was observed with minor changes in the absolute and relative organ weight, hematology, serum biochemistry and urinalysis parameters in rats of either sex. However, these changes were not considered to be important toxicologically. GBHW moderately inhibited the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and UGT1A1. CONCLUSIONS Our present data suggest that GBHW does not cause toxicologically important adverse events at doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day in the 4-week repeated dose toxicity study and provide valuable information concerning its potential to interact with conventional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Young Jeon
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Eun Jin
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mee-Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Cheol Han
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak 1-Gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Hamzah RU, Jigam AA, Makun HA, Egwim EC, Muhammad HL, Busari MB, Ibikunle GF, Abubakar-Akanbi SK. Effect of partially purified sub-fractions of Pterocarpus mildbraedii extract on carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Integr Med Res 2018; 7:149-158. [PMID: 29984176 PMCID: PMC6026329 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of partially purified fractions from Pterocarpus mildbraedii extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxicated rats. METHODS The methanol extract of P. mildbraedii was subjected to solvent partitioning using n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and water. Separation of fractions with proven antioxidant activity was achieved by chromatographic techniques. Acute toxicity and hepatoprotective studies of the methanol sub-fraction 6 (Me 6), methanol sub-fraction 7 (Me 7) and methanol sub-fraction 8 (Me 8) from P. mildbraedii extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxicated Wister rats. RESULTS Intoxication of rats with CCl4 resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increase in the activities of aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), level of malondialdehyde (MDA) while glutathione (GSH) concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were decreased. Administration of Me6, Me7 and Me8 sub-fractions of P. mildbraedii caused a significant reduction (p > 0.05) in the activities of the liver enzymes, MDA level, total and direct bilirubin in dose-dependent manner. There were significant (p < 0.05) increases in GSH concentration, SOD, CAT, and Gpx activities in the treated groups. The subfractions also restored the damaged hepatic-architecture in the treated groups. CONCLUSION Therefore, Me6, Me7 and Me8 leaf sub-fractions of P. mildbraedii extract have hepatoprotective effect. Therefore, this vegetable can further be exploited as a source of drug/supplement development in the prevention and treatment of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evans Chidi Egwim
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
| | | | - Musa Bola Busari
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
- Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Global Institute for Bioexploration Unit, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
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Baruah UK, Gowthamarajan K, Vanka R, Karri VVSR, Selvaraj K, Jojo GM. Malaria treatment using novel nano-based drug delivery systems. J Drug Target 2017; 25:567-581. [PMID: 28166440 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1291645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We reside in an era of technological innovation and advancement despite which infectious diseases like malaria remain to be one of the greatest threats to the humans. Mortality rate caused by malaria disease is a huge concern in the twenty-first century. Multiple drug resistance and nonspecific drug targeting of the most widely used drugs are the main reasons/drawbacks behind the failure in malarial therapy. Dose-related toxicity because of high doses is also a major concern. Therefore, to overcome these problems nano-based drug delivery systems are being developed to facilitate site-specific or target-based drug delivery and hence minimizing the development of resistance progress and dose-dependent toxicity issues. In this review, we discuss about the shortcomings in treating malaria and how nano-based drug delivery systems can help in curtailing the infectious disease malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Krishna Baruah
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University , Mysuru , India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University , Mysuru , India
| | - Ravisankar Vanka
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University , Mysuru , India
| | | | - Kousalya Selvaraj
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University , Mysuru , India
| | - Gifty M Jojo
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University , Mysuru , India
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Silva-Pinto A, Ruas R, Almeida F, Duro R, Silva A, Abreu C, Sarmento A. Artemether-lumefantrine and liver enzyme abnormalities in non-severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in returned travellers: a retrospective comparative study with quinine-doxycycline in a Portuguese centre. Malar J 2017; 16:43. [PMID: 28122572 PMCID: PMC5264472 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Artemisinin-based therapy is the current standard treatment for non-severe malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. The potential for asymptomatic liver toxicity of this therapy and its implication in clinical practice is currently unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the hepatic function in patients treated with a standard three-day artemisinin-based regimen and to compare it with the quinine-doxycycline regimen. Methods Retrospective and comparative study of returned adult travellers admitted with non-severe P. falciparum malaria. Fifty-seven patients were included: 19 treated with artemisinin-based therapy and 38 with quinine-doxycycline therapy. Results During treatment, when compared with quinine-doxycycline group, the artemisinin-lumefantrine group presented a higher proportion of significant liver enzyme abnormalities (42 vs. 5%, p < 0.01) and a higher peak value of aspartate aminotransferase (131 vs. 64 U/L, p < 0.01) and alanine aminotransferase (99 vs. 75 U/L, p = 0.05). None of the patients was symptomatic, there were no treatment interruptions and all patients achieved clinical cure. Conclusions Treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria with artemisinin-based therapy might cause asymptomatic liver enzyme abnormalities in the first days of treatment. Nevertheless, these liver enzyme abnormalities seem to be harmless, asymptomatic and self-limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Silva-Pinto
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rogério Ruas
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Almeida
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Duro
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Silva
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cândida Abreu
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Sarmento
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200, Porto, Portugal
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Chakroun S, Ezzi L, Grissa I, Kerkeni E, Neffati F, Bhouri R, Sallem A, Najjar MF, Hassine M, Mehdi M, Haouas Z, Ben Cheikh H. Hematological, biochemical, and toxicopathic effects of subchronic acetamiprid toxicity in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:25191-25199. [PMID: 27680006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetamiprid is one of the most widely used neonicotinoids. This study investigates toxic effects of repeated oral administration of three doses of acetamiprid (1/20, 1/10, and 1/5 of LD50) during 60 days. For this, male Wistar rats were divided into four different groups. Hematological, biochemical, and toxicopathic effects of acetamiprid were evaluated. According to the results, a significant decrease in the body weight gain at the highest dose 1/5 of LD50 of acetamiprid was noticed. An increase in the relative liver weight was also observed at this dose level. The hematological constituents were affected. A significant decrease in RBC, HGB, and HCT in rats treated with higher doses of acetamiprid (1/10 and 1/5 of LD50) was noted. However, a significant increase in WBC and PLT were observed at the same doses. Furthermore, acetamiprid induced liver toxicity measured by the increased activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphates (ALPs), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) which may be due to the loss of hepatic membrane architecture and hepatocellular damage. In addition, exposure to acetamiprid resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (p ≤ 0.01) with concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation in rat liver. These findings highlight the subchronic hepatotoxicity of acetamiprid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Chakroun
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Ezzi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Intissar Grissa
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Emna Kerkeni
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fadoua Neffati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rakia Bhouri
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amira Sallem
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fadhel Najjar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohssen Hassine
- Laboratory of Hematology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Mehdi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Zohra Haouas
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Ben Cheikh
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Aly HAA, Mansour AM, Hassan MH, Abd-Ellah MF. Lipoic acid attenuates Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity in adult rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:913-922. [PMID: 25533183 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanistic aspect of Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity and its protection by lipoic acid. The adult male Albino rats were divided into six groups. Group I served as control. Group II received lipoic acid (35 mg/kg/day). Aroclor 1260 was given to rats by oral gavage at doses 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg/day (Groups III, IV, and V, respectively). Group VI was pretreated with lipoic acid (35 mg/kg/day) 24 h before Aroclor 1260 (40 mg/kg/day). Treatment in all groups was continued for further 15 consecutive days. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities and total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly increased while total protein, total albumin, and high-density lipoprotein were significantly decreased. Hydrogen peroxide production and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased while superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content was significantly decreased in liver. Caspase-3 & -9 activities were significantly increased in liver. Lipoic acid pretreatment significantly reverted all these abnormalities toward their normal levels. In conclusion, Aroclor 1260 induced liver dysfunction, at least in part, by induction of oxidative stress. Apoptotic effect of hepatic cells is involved in Aroclor 1260-induced liver injury. Lipoic acid could protect rats against Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 913-922, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy A A Aly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Memy H Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, El-Madinah El-Munaworah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Abd-Ellah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Asiedu-Gyekye IJ, Edem Kukuia KK, Seidu AM, Antwi-Boasiako C, N'guessan BB, Frimpong-Manso S, Adjei S, Zobi J, Tettey AT, Nyarko AK. Unsweetened Natural Cocoa Powder Has the Potential to Attenuate High Dose Artemether-Lumefantrine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Non-Malarious Guinea Pigs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:7387286. [PMID: 27493672 PMCID: PMC4963575 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7387286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective. This study investigated the elemental composition of unsweetened natural cocoa powder (UNCP), its effect on nitric oxide, and its hepatoprotective potential during simultaneous administration with high-dose artemether/lumefantrine (A/L). Method. Macro- and microelements in UNCP were analyzed with EDXRF spectroscopy. Thirty (30) male guinea-pigs were then divided into five groups. For groups 3 (low-dose), 4 (medium-dose), and 5 (high-dose), the animals received oral UNCP prophylactically for 14 days. Group 1 received distilled water (14 days) and group 2 A/L for the last 3 days (days 12 to 14). After euthanisation, biochemical and histopathological examinations were carried out in all groups. Results. Phytochemical analysis of UNCP showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. Thirty-eight (38) macro- and microelements were found. UNCP produced significant decreases in ALT, ALP, GGT, and AST levels. A significant increase in total protein levels was observed during A/L+UNCP administration in comparison to 75 mg/kg A/L group. Histopathological examinations buttressed the protective effects of cocoa administration. UNCP administration increased nitric oxide levels 149.71% (P < 0.05) compared to controls. Conclusion. UNCP increases nitric oxide levels and has hepatoprotective potential during A/L administration. A high level of copper was observed which may be detrimental during high daily consumptions of UNCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Julius Asiedu-Gyekye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana
| | - Kennedy Kwami Edem Kukuia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana
| | - Abdulai Mahmood Seidu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korle-Bu, Ghana
| | - Charles Antwi-Boasiako
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korle-Bu, Ghana
| | - Benoit Banga N'guessan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana
| | - Samuel Frimpong-Manso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana
| | - Samuel Adjei
- Department of Animal Experimentation, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Zobi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana
| | - Abraham Terkpertey Tettey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana
| | - Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana
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16
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Abolaji AO, Adesanoye OA, Awogbindin I, Farombi EO. Endocrine disruption and oxidative stress implications of artemether-lumefantrine combination therapy in the ovary and uterus of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1173-1182. [PMID: 26811345 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115626580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we evaluated the endocrine disruption effect and oxidative stress implication of therapeutic dose of artemether-lumefantrine combination therapy on the ovary and uterus of rats. In this respect, female rats were divided into four groups: animals were per orally treated with tween 80 (control), artemether (4 mg kg-1 body weight), lumefantrine (24 mg kg-1 body weight) and artemether-lumefantrine (artemether, 4 mg kg-1 body weight and lumefantrine, 24 mg kg-1 body weight). We found that therapeutic doses of the drugs did not change the levels of ovarian hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but increased uterine levels of H2O2 and MDA and reduced ovarian and uterine levels of reduced glutathione. In addition, whilst ovarian glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity reduced in the lumefantrine monotherapy group, uterine GPx increased in the artemether monotherapy as well as the artemether-lumefantrine groups. Furthermore, the drugs reduced ovarian and uterine glutathione- S-transferase and uterine superoxide dismutase activities. The drugs reduced oestrogen level, whereas follicle-stimulating hormone was reduced by lumefantrine and artemether-lumefantrine therapies. Additionally, artemether and lumefantrine monotherapies significantly increased prolactin and progesterone levels compared with the control ( p < 0.05). The results suggest that in the absence of malarial parasite infection, the drugs induced oxidative stress in the ovary and uterus and disrupt hormonal balance in the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Abolaji
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O A Adesanoye
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - I Awogbindin
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - E O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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17
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Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity induced by methanol extract of Terminalia citrina leaves in Sprague Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joad.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Toxicological Assessment and Ameliorative Effects of Parinari curatellifolia Alkaloids on Triton-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Atherogenicity in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Siriwardhana EARIE, Perera PAJ, Sivakanesan R, Abeysekara T, Nugegoda DB, Jayaweera JAAS. Dehydration and malaria augment the risk of developing chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka. Indian J Nephrol 2015. [PMID: 26060363 DOI: 10.4103/0971‐4065.140712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a serious health issue in Sri Lanka. One-to-one age and sex-matched two sample comparative study was carried out in the Medawachchiya divisional secretariat area of the North Central Province (NCP) of Sri Lanka, by randomly selecting 100 CKDu patients and 100 age and sex-matched subjects from non-CKDu affected families from the same area. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for the collection of data pertaining to occupation, medical history and lifestyle. Data were analyzed using a conditional linear logistic model. Working for >6 h in the field per day, exposure to sun, drinking water only from well, consumption of <3 L of water per day, and having a history of malaria were found to be having significant (P < 0.05) likelihood toward the development of CKDu. Treatment of water prior to consumption had a significant protective effect against CKDu. Dehydration, history of malaria and drinking untreated well water from are likely contribute to the development of CKD of unknown etiology among the inhabitants of NCP, Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A R I E Siriwardhana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - P A J Perera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - R Sivakanesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - T Abeysekara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - D B Nugegoda
- Department of Community Medicine, SAITM Faculty of Medicine, Malabe, Sri Lanka
| | - J A A S Jayaweera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
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20
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Siriwardhana EARIE, Perera PAJ, Sivakanesan R, Abeysekara T, Nugegoda DB, Jayaweera JAAS. Dehydration and malaria augment the risk of developing chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka. Indian J Nephrol 2015; 25:146-51. [PMID: 26060363 PMCID: PMC4446918 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.140712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a serious health issue in Sri Lanka. One-to-one age and sex-matched two sample comparative study was carried out in the Medawachchiya divisional secretariat area of the North Central Province (NCP) of Sri Lanka, by randomly selecting 100 CKDu patients and 100 age and sex-matched subjects from non-CKDu affected families from the same area. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for the collection of data pertaining to occupation, medical history and lifestyle. Data were analyzed using a conditional linear logistic model. Working for >6 h in the field per day, exposure to sun, drinking water only from well, consumption of <3 L of water per day, and having a history of malaria were found to be having significant (P < 0.05) likelihood toward the development of CKDu. Treatment of water prior to consumption had a significant protective effect against CKDu. Dehydration, history of malaria and drinking untreated well water from are likely contribute to the development of CKD of unknown etiology among the inhabitants of NCP, Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A R I E Siriwardhana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - P A J Perera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - R Sivakanesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - T Abeysekara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - D B Nugegoda
- Department of Community Medicine, SAITM Faculty of Medicine, Malabe, Sri Lanka
| | - J A A S Jayaweera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
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Madukaku CU, Chimezie OM, Chima NG, Hope O, Simplicius DIN. Assessment of the haematological profile of children with malaria parasitaemia treated with three different artemisinin-based combination therapies. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Owumi SE, Gbadegesin MA, Odunola OA, Adegoke AM, Uwaifo AO. Toxicity associated with repeated administration of artemether-lumefantrine in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:301-307. [PMID: 24115283 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains an important approach in the fight against malaria. Artemether-lumefantrine combination is widely in use due to its effectiveness against Plasmodium falciparum. Misuse in the form of multiple repeated doses of this anti-malaria drug is rampant in Nigeria. This study was designed to assess the hepatotoxic and clastogenic potential of extreme misuse of artemether-lumefantrine in rats. Graded doses of artemether-lumefantrine (1-5 mg/kg body weight) were administered by oral gavage for 6 weeks, twice daily, for 3 consecutive days per week. Artemether-lumefantrine, at all doses, did not have significant effects on the body and relative liver weight of treated group compared to the negative control group. The mean γ-glutamyltransferase, alanine, and aspartate aminotransaminase activity in groups of artemether-lumefantrine treated rats were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the negative control group indicating that repeated administration of artemether-lumefantrine may be hepatotoxic. Findings from histological analyses of liver cross-section support the enzyme pattern of hepatoxicity. In addition, the drug, at all experimental doses, significantly induced (p < 0.05) formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow cells of the treated rats compared with the negative control indicating clastogenic potential of the drug when misused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Omotoso BR, Abiodun AA, Ijomone OM, Adewole SO. Lead-Induced Damage on Hepatocytes and Hepatic Reticular Fibres in Rats; Protective Role of Aqueous Extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaves (Lam). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2015.35004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effect of Salmonella typhimurium infection on rat's cell oxidation and in vivo antioxidant activity of Vitellaria paradoxa and Ludwigia abyssinica aqueous extract. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Nasr AY. Protective effect of aged garlic extract against the oxidative stress induced by cisplatin on blood cells parameters and hepatic antioxidant enzymes in rats. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:682-691. [PMID: 28962282 PMCID: PMC5598491 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is one of the most active cytotoxic drugs. However, it has several side effects that are associated with increased oxidative stress. Aged garlic extract (AGE) is a natural product containing different compounds with antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of AGE on CP-induced hepatotoxicity. Four equally male rat groups: control, AGE-treated (250 mg/kg once for 21 days), CP-treated (7.5 mg/kg, once intraperitoneal), combined AGE and CP-treated were used. Blood samples were collected to investigate blood picture and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin (TSB) and albumin. The liver of each rat was excised, cleaned, weighed, rinsed in ice-cold saline and homogenized for assessment malondialdehyde (MDA) level, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and level of reduced glutathione (GSH). Histological examination was also carried out. AGE-pretreated rats revealed significant reduction in serum levels of AST, ALT & TSB and increase serum albumin level induced by CP administration. Furthermore, AGE significantly ameliorated CP-induced increase in MDA level and decrease in GSH level, CAT and SOD activities in liver tissue homogenates. Additionally, histopathological and blood picture examinations revealed markedly ameliorated CP-induced toxicity on blood cells parameters and liver structure. Our results prove that AGE has antioxidant and protective effects against CP-induced oxidative stress and changes in parameters of blood cells and liver structure in rats. Thus, it could be used as a dietary supplementation to reduce toxic side effects of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Y Nasr
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Mopuri R, Meriga B. In vitro anti oxidant activity and acute oral toxicity of Terminalia paniculata bark ethanolic extract on Sprague Dawley rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:294-8. [PMID: 25182554 DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014c1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ensure the safety and evaluate the anti oxidant activity of Terminalia paniculata (T. paniculata) ethanolic extract in Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS The solvent extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol) of T. paniculata were subjected to phytochemical analysis and their DPPH radical scavenging activity was assayed. The oral acute toxicity was evaluated using ethanolic extract of T. paniculata. RESULTS Ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts showed more phytochemicals, whereas highest DPPH scavenging activity was found in ethanolic extract. In an acute toxicity study, T. paniculata ethanolic extract was orally administered (1 000 mg/kg body weight) to rats and observed for 72 h for any toxic symptoms and the dose was continued up to 14 d. On the 15th day rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from control and test animals and analyzed for some biochemical parameters. We did not observe any behavioral changes in test groups in comparison with their controls. Also, there were no significant alterations in biochemical, hematological (hemoglobin content and blood cells count) and liver function parameters such as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, albumin and bilirubin levels between T. paniculata ethanolic extract treated and normal control groups. CONCLUSIONS Together our results demonstrated that T. paniculata ethanolic possessed potent antioxidant activity and it was safer and non toxic to rats even at higher doses and therefore could be well considered for further investigation for its medicinal and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramgopal Mopuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Balaji Meriga
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Farombi EO, Abolaji AO, Adedara IA, Maduako I, Omodanisi I. Artemisinin induces hormonal imbalance and oxidative damage in the erythrocytes and uterus but not in the ovary of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:83-92. [PMID: 24876631 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114532385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin is an antimalarial drug previously reported to induce neurotoxicity and embryotoxicity in animal models. This study investigated the erythrocytes and reproductive toxicity potentials of artemisinin in female rats. Animals were randomly divided into four study groups of eight rats each. The control group (group I) received corn oil, the vehicle, while groups II-IV were orally exposed to 7, 35 and 70 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of artemisinin, respectively, by gastric intubation for 7 consecutive days. Subsequently, we evaluated the impact of artemisinin on the endocrine environment and selected markers of oxidative damage and antioxidant status of the erythrocytes, ovary and uterus. Artemisinin significantly increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in erythrocytes and uterus of rats compared with control group (p < 0.05). However, artemisinin did not alter ovarian MDA, H2O2, glutathione levels and catalase activity, while ovarian and uterine histological assessment revealed absence of visible lesions. Moreover, artemisinin significantly decreased follicle-stimulating hormone and increased progesterone levels compared with control (p < 0.05). Thus, these data suggest that in the absence of malarial parasite infection, artemisinin induced hormonal imbalance and oxidative damage in the erythrocytes and uterus but spared the ovary of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A O Abolaji
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - I A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - I Maduako
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - I Omodanisi
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abolaji AO, Osedeme F, Olusemire O. Artesunate-amodiaquine combination therapy in the absence of malarial parasite infection induces oxidative damage in female rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:303-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amos O. Abolaji
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Fenose Osedeme
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology; Covenant University; Ota Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin Olusemire
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology; Covenant University; Ota Nigeria
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Adebayo JO, Balogun EA, Malomo SO, Soladoye AO, Olatunji LA, Kolawole OM, Oguntoye OS, Babatunde AS, Akinola OB, Aguiar ACC, Andrade IM, Souza NB, Krettli AU. Antimalarial Activity of Cocos nucifera Husk Fibre: Further Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:742476. [PMID: 23983800 PMCID: PMC3745858 DOI: 10.1155/2013/742476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antimalarial and toxicity potentials of husk fibre extracts of five Nigerian varieties of Cocos nucifera were evaluated in vitro. The only active extract fraction, West African Tall (WAT) ethyl acetate extract fraction, was then evaluated for its phytochemical constituents, antimalarial and toxicity potentials at varying doses (31.25-500 mg/kg body weight) using various organ function indices. The results revealed that WAT ethyl acetate extract fraction (WATEAEF) contained alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids and was active against Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain maintained in continuous culture, with a selectivity index of 30.3. The same extract fraction was active in vivo against Plasmodium berghei NK65, causing more than 50% reduction in parasitaemia on days 4 and 6 after inoculation at various doses administered. WATEAEF did not significantly alter (P > 0.05) function indices of the liver and cardiovascular system at all doses administered but significantly increased (P < 0.05) plasma creatinine concentration at 250 and 500 mg/Kg body weight compared to controls. The results of this study suggest that WATEAEF possesses antimalarial activity and may not adversely affect normal liver function nor predispose subjects to cardiovascular diseases but may impair normal kidney function at higher doses. Further studies are underway to isolate the active principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. O. Adebayo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - E. A. Balogun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - S. O. Malomo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A. O. Soladoye
- Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - L. A. Olatunji
- Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O. M. Kolawole
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O. S. Oguntoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A. S. Babatunde
- Department of Hematology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O. B. Akinola
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A. C. C. Aguiar
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 MG, Brazil
| | - I. M. Andrade
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 MG, Brazil
| | - N. B. Souza
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 MG, Brazil
| | - A. U. Krettli
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 MG, Brazil
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Lakshmi BVS, Sudhakar M, Aparna M. Protective potential of Black grapes against lead induced oxidative stress in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 35:361-368. [PMID: 23467113 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
From time immemorial Vitis vinifera (Black grapes) have been used both for medicinal and nourishment purposes. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of Black grapes against lead nitrate induced oxidative stress. Exposure to lead significantly increased malondialdehyde levels with a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and the concentration of GSH in the liver and kidneys of rats. Significantly increased levels of AST, ALT, ALP, BUN and serum creatinine and decreased levels of total protein were observed. The administration of lead significantly decreased the body weight and organ weights at the end of the experimental period. Statistically significant decrease in hemoglobin, red blood cell and total leukocyte count was observed. Pretreatment of hydroalcoholic extract of Black grapes to lead exposed rats significantly ameliorated lead-induced oxidative stress in tissues and produced improvement in hematological parameters over lead-exposed rats, indicating the beneficial role of Black grapes to counteract the lead-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V S Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Dhulapally (via Hakimpet), Maisammaguda, Secunderabad 500014, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Seif El-Din SH, Abdel-Aal Sabra AN, Hammam OA, El-Lakkany NM. Effect of ketoconazole, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, on the efficacy of quinine and halofantrine against Schistosoma mansoni in mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2013; 51:165-75. [PMID: 23710083 PMCID: PMC3662059 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The fear that schistosomes will become resistant to praziquantel (PZQ) motivates the search for alternatives to treat schistosomiasis. The antimalarials quinine (QN) and halofantrine (HF) possess moderate antischistosomal properties. The major metabolic pathway of QN and HF is through cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. Accordingly, this study investigates the effects of CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole (KTZ), on the antischistosomal potential of these quinolines against Schistosoma mansoni infection by evaluating parasitological, histopathological, and biochemical parameters. Mice were classified into 7 groups: uninfected untreated (I), infected untreated (II), infected treated orally with PZQ (1,000 mg/kg) (III), QN (400 mg/kg) (IV), KTZ (10 mg/kg)+QN as group IV (V), HF (400 mg/kg) (VI), and KTZ (as group V)+HF (as group VI) (VII). KTZ plus QN or HF produced more inhibition (P<0.05) in hepatic CYP450 (85.7% and 83.8%) and CYT b5 (75.5% and 73.5%) activities, respectively, than in groups treated with QN or HF alone. This was accompanied with more reduction in female (89.0% and 79.3%), total worms (81.4% and 70.3%), and eggs burden (hepatic; 83.8%, 66.0% and intestinal; 68%, 64.5%), respectively, and encountering the granulomatous reaction to parasite eggs trapped in the liver. QN and HF significantly (P<0.05) elevated malondialdehyde levels when used alone or with KTZ. Meanwhile, KTZ plus QN or HF restored serum levels of ALT, albumin, and reduced hepatic glutathione (KTZ+HF) to their control values. KTZ enhanced the therapeutic antischistosomal potential of QN and HF over each drug alone. Moreover, the effect of KTZ+QN was more evident than KTZ+HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Hassan Seif El-Din
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt.
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Effect of chloroquine, methylene blue and artemether on red cell and hepatic antioxidant defence system in mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:2619-25. [PMID: 23604568 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are mediators of tissue injury and are involved in malaria infection. In this study, the status of red cell and hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant defence indices were investigated during Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (P. yoelii) infection, and treatment with chloroquine (CQ), methylene blue (MB) or artemether (ART) in mice. P. yoelii infection caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in oxidative stress as evidenced by the elevated level of malondialdehyde. This was followed by a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in hepatic antioxidant defence indices, viz. reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Also, the red cell catalase activity was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in malaria infection, while there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of infected mice when compared to untreated normal. Treatment of infected mice with the three antimalarials showed that the drugs suppressed the parasitaemia in the order CQ > ART > MB. CQ, MB and ART treatment of infected mice caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of hepatic GSH and GST. Specifically, CQ, MB and ART increased the levels of hepatic GSH by 108, 124 and 98 %, respectively, at day 6. Also, ART treatment of infected mice significantly (p < 0.05) elevated the red cell SOD level by 200 % at day 3. Taken together, the findings suggest that the antimalarial effect of CQ, MB and ART countered the P. yoelii-induced oxidative stress leading to the elevation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the host system.
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Mohammed Raouf GA, Vaibhav K, Khan A, Tabassum R, Ahmed ME, Javed H, Chander K, Islam F, Siddiqui MS. Terminalia arjuna bark extract inhibits histological alterations by mitigating oxidative stress in lead intoxicated mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-013-0112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Osonuga IO, Osonuga OA, Osonuga A, Onadeko AA, Osonuga AA. Effect of artemether on hematological parameters of healthy and uninfected adult Wistar rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 2:493-5. [PMID: 23569957 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of short term artemether administration on some blood parameters in adult male Wistar rats. METHODS Sixty five albino rats with body weight of 190-220 g were used for the four-phased study. The animals were randomly divided into five groups. The first-four groups of 15 rats were further divided into 3 subgroups of 5 rats. The drug was administered orally at sub-optimal, therapeutic, and high doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg bw, respectively to the rats for 1 day, 2 days and 3 days. Blood samples were collected by cardio-puncture from the rats for hematology at the end of each phase. The last group served as control, and they were given water ad libitum. RESULTS Artemether caused significant reduction (P<0.05) of the hematological profile of the animals in a dose dependent manner. Discontinuation of the drug use however showed gradual recovery of the depressed indices of the blood parameters. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that artemether can induce reversible changes in hematological profiles of rats by extension man. This can probably aggravate anemia when artemether is administered to malaria patients. Hence, the study supports the use of the drug with caution especially in patients prone to anemic tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I O Osonuga
- Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ikenne Remo, Nigeria
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35
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Abolaji AO, Eteng MU, Omonua O, Adenrele Y. Influence of coadministration of artemether and lumefantrine on selected plasma biochemical and erythrocyte oxidative stress indices in female Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 32:206-15. [PMID: 23155202 DOI: 10.1177/0960327112464666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) regimens, artemisinin derivative, artemether in combination with lumefantrine (artemether-lumefantrine, AL) has achieved excellent results in the fight against malarial scourge. In this study, we evaluated the toxic potential of these drugs at the therapeutic doses in female Wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: those administered 1% Tween 80 (control), those administered artemether (4 mg/kg body weight), those administered lumefantrine (24 mg/kg body weight), and those coadministered artemether (4 mg/kg body weight) and lumefantrine (24 mg/kg body weight). The drugs were orally administered twice daily for 3 days by gastric intubation after which selected plasma biochemical indices, and erythrocytes antioxidant defence and lipid peroxidation markers were evaluated. Coadministration of artemether and lumefantrine raised liver and renal function markers and increased atherogenic index. While reduced glutathione, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and catalase activities were reduced, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase activities increased in all the treated groups compared to the control group. The drugs caused significant (p < 0.05) elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to the control group. These results imply that coadministration of artemether and lumefantrine may increase the risks of atherosclerosis as well as liver and renal function impairments in the users. In addition, the drugs may also promote oxidative stress in the erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Abolaji
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abdel-Moneim AE, Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S. The redox status in rats treated with flaxseed oil and lead-induced hepatotoxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:457-67. [PMID: 20960072 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a persistent environmental pollutant, and its toxicity continues to be a major health problem due to its interference with natural environment. In the present study, we have evaluated the effect of flaxseed oil on lead acetate-mediated hepatic oxidative stress and toxicity in rats. Lead acetate enhanced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production in both serum and liver with concomitant reduction in glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, these findings were associated with DNA fragmentation. In addition, lead acetate caused liver injury as indicated by histopathological changed of the liver with an elevation in total bilirubin, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Treatment of rats with flaxseed oil resulted in marked improvement in most of the studied parameters as well as histopathological features. On the basis of the above results it can hypothesized that flaxseed oil is a natural product can be protect against lead acetate-mediated hepatic cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Sharma A, Sharma V, Kansal L. Amelioration of lead-induced hepatotoxicity by Allium sativum extracts in Swiss albino mice. Libyan J Med 2010; 5:4621. [PMID: 28156294 PMCID: PMC3066784 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v5i0.4621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead is a blue-gray and highly toxic divalent metal that occurs naturally in the earth's crust and is spread throughout the environment by various human activities. The efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) to reduce hepatotoxicity induced by lead nitrate was evaluated experimentally in male mice. Oral treatment with lead nitrate at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight daily for 40 days (1/45 of LD50) induced a significant increase in the levels of hepatic aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, and lead nitrate. In parallel, hepatic protein levels in lead-exposed mice were significantly depleted. Lead nitrate exposure also produced detrimental effects on the redox status of the liver indicated by a significant decline in the levels of liver antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. After exposure to lead nitrate (50 mg/kg body weight for 10 days), the animals received aqueous garlic extract (250 mg/kg body weight and 500 mg/kg body weight) and ethanolic garlic extract (100 mg/kg body weight and 250 mg/kg body weight), and partially restored the deranged parameters significantly. Histological examination of the liver also revealed pathophysiological changes in lead nitrate-exposed group and treatment with garlic improved liver histology. Our data suggest that garlic is a phytoantioxidant that can counteract the deleterious effects of lead nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Sharma
- Arti Sharma, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
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Sharma A, Sharma V, Kansal L. Amelioration of lead-induced hepatotoxicity by Allium sativum extracts in Swiss albino mice. Libyan J Med 2010; 5:10.4176/091107. [PMID: 21483544 PMCID: PMC3066784 DOI: 10.4176/091107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead is a blue-gray and highly toxic divalent metal that occurs naturally in the earth's crust and is spread throughout the environment by various human activities. The efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) to reduce hepatotoxicity induced by lead nitrate was evaluated experimentally in male mice. Oral treatment with lead nitrate at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight daily for 40 days (1/45 of LD(50)) induced a significant increase in the levels of hepatic aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, and lead nitrate. In parallel, hepatic protein levels in lead-exposed mice were significantly depleted. Lead nitrate exposure also produced detrimental effects on the redox status of the liver indicated by a significant decline in the levels of liver antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. After exposure to lead nitrate (50 mg/kg body weight for 10 days), the animals received aqueous garlic extract (250 mg/kg body weight and 500 mg/kg body weight) and ethanolic garlic extract (100 mg/kg body weight and 250 mg/kg body weight), and partially restored the deranged parameters significantly. Histological examination of the liver also revealed pathophysiological changes in lead nitrate-exposed group and treatment with garlic improved liver histology. Our data suggest that garlic is a phytoantioxidant that can counteract the deleterious effects of lead nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Sharma
- Arti Sharma, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
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Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of artemether during different phases of rat pregnancy. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1437-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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