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Liu X, Zhu H, Song W, Rao Q, Xu X. Mineralization and residue characteristics of chloramphenicol in aerobic soils: evidence from a carbon-14 study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22917-22924. [PMID: 38416351 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic employed for controlling bacterial infections, presents an intriguing aspect in terms of its environmental fate in soils. 14C-labeled chloramphenicol was used to explore its mineralization and residue characteristics in three distinct agricultural soils in China. The findings revealed a nuanced pattern in the fate of 14C-chloramphenicol, with notable variations among the different soils under investigation. The chloramphenicol extract residue exhibited a reduction of 18.04% in sandy clay soil, 23.04% in clay loam soil, and 21.73% in loamy clay soil. Notably, the mineralization rate in sandy clay soil was 25.22% surpassed that in the other two soils, particularly during the initial stages of incubation. Over time, the diminishing extract residue underwent conversion into minerals and bound residue. The formation rate of bound residue was increased from 44.59 to 53.65% after adding 10% manure, suggesting that chloramphenicol easily binds with soils rich in organic matter. The bound residue is predominantly localized in the humin fraction across all soils. Additionally, the sterilized soil experiments indicated the pivotal role of microorganisms in influencing the fate of chloramphenicol under the specified experimental conditions. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into the environmental dynamics of chloramphenicol in soils, emphasizing the importance of soil composition, organic matter content, and microbial activity. The findings contribute to a scientific understanding of the environmental safety implications associated with chloramphenicol usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyue Liu
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Haojie Zhu
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Wenyang Song
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qiong Rao
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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Delghandi PS, Soleimani V, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Hosseinzadeh H. A review on oxidant and antioxidant effects of antibacterial agents: impacts on bacterial cell death and division and therapeutic effects or adverse reactions in humans. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2667-2686. [PMID: 37083711 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02490-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the mitochondrial respiratory pathway and cellular metabolism. They are responsible for creating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. In living organisms, there is a balance between oxidative stress and the antioxidant system, but some factors such as medicines disturb the balance and cause many problems. These effects can impact bacterial death and division and also in humans can induce therapeutic or adverse reactions. Web of Science and Pubmed databases were used for searching. This review focuses on the oxidant and antioxidant effects of different classes of antibacterial agents and the mechanisms of oxidative stress. Some of these agents have beneficial effects on killing bacteria due to their antioxidant or oxidant effects. However, some of their side effects may be due to their oxidative effects. Based on the results of this review, minocycline is an antioxidant, but aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, glycopeptides, antituberculosis drugs, fluoroquinolones, and sulfamethoxazole agents have oxidant effects. Furthermore, cephalosporins, penicillins, metronidazole, and macrolides have both oxidant and antioxidant effects in different studies. It is concluded that some antibacterial agents have oxidant and other antioxidant effects. These activities may affect their therapeutic effects or side effects. Some antioxidants can prevent the adverse effects of antibacterial agents. Clarifying the exact oxidant and antioxidant effects of some antimicrobial agents needs more research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Soleimani
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran.
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Lensen A, Gomes MC, López-Jiménez AT, Mostowy S. An automated microscopy workflow to study Shigella-neutrophil interactions and antibiotic efficacy in vivo. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049908. [PMID: 37161932 PMCID: PMC10184671 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigella are Gram-negative bacterial pathogens responsible for bacillary dysentery (also called shigellosis). The absence of a licensed vaccine and widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance has led the World Health Organisation (WHO) to highlight Shigella as a priority pathogen requiring urgent attention. Several infection models have been useful to explore the Shigella infection process; yet, we still lack information regarding events taking place in vivo. Here, using a Shigella-zebrafish infection model and high-content microscopy, we developed an automated microscopy workflow to non-invasively study fluorescently labelled bacteria and neutrophils in vivo. We applied our workflow to antibiotic-treated zebrafish, and demonstrate that antibiotics reduce bacterial burden and not neutrophil recruitment to the hindbrain ventricle. We discovered that nalidixic acid (a bactericidal antibiotic) can work with leukocytes in an additive manner to control Shigella flexneri infection and can also restrict dissemination of Shigella sonnei from the hindbrain ventricle. We envision that our automated microscopy workflow, applied here to study the interactions between Shigella and neutrophils as well as antibiotic efficacy in zebrafish, can be useful to innovate treatments for infection control in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Lensen
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
- Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Université Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Margarida C. Gomes
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Teresa López-Jiménez
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Serge Mostowy
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
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4
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Geng Y, Hu M, Yao Y, Zhan M, Zhou Y. Urinary concentrations of amphenicol antibiotics in relation to biomarkers of oxidative DNA and RNA damage in school children. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:470-478. [PMID: 35635089 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2078132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies implied that elevated exposure to amphenicol antibiotics may induce increased oxidative stress. However, the effects of amphenicol antibiotics exposure on oxidative stress damage in human have not been well studied. This study examined the associations between amphenicol antibiotics exposure and oxidative damage biomarkers in school children. Three major amphenicols including chloramphenicol (CAP), thiamphenicol (TAP), florfenicol (FF) and two biomarkers of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) for oxidative DNA damage and 8-oxo-7,8- dihydroguanosine (8-OHG) for oxidative RNA damage were measured in 414 morning urine samples collected from 70 school children in Shanghai, China. School children were exposed to CAP, TAP, and FF with median concentrations of 1.37, 0.36, and 0.06 μg/g Cre, respectively. Linear mixed models revealed that an interquartile range (IQR) increase of urinary TAP was positively associated with 7.75%(95% CI: 4.40%, 11.1%) increase of 8-OHdG and 7.48%(95% CI: 2.49%, 15.6%) increase of 8-OHG, respectively; in addition, CAP was associated with elevated 8-OHdG. Although FF was not found to be significantly associated with either 8-OHdG or 8-OHG, it is warranted to further investigate FF and its metabolites levels in relation to oxidative stress in future study. Our findings provide new evidence for the effects of exposure to TAP and CAP on nucleic acid oxidative damage in Children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Geng
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and Chemistry, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pudong New Area for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Hu
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and Chemistry, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pudong New Area for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and Chemistry, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pudong New Area for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Pudong New Area for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and Chemistry, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pudong New Area for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li G, Xia X, Zhao S, Shi M, Liu F, Zhu Y. The physiological and toxicological effects of antibiotics on an interspecies insect model. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126019. [PMID: 32007775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) has a clear genetic background, parts of which are highly homologous to certain genes related to human hereditary diseases. Thus, the species presents an excellent interspecies model for drug screening and microbe-host interaction studies. Chloramphenicol (CAM) and vancomycin (VCM) are antibiotics commonly used to treat specific bacterial infections in medical care, animal husbandry, and agriculture. However, inappropriate dosages and prolonged therapy increase their risk of toxicity. In this work, we investigated the physiological and toxicological responses of silkworm to combined oral administration of CAM and VCM. Results showed that antibiotics promote the feeding behavior of silkworm and significantly reduce (P < 0.05) intestinal cultivable bacterial counts. Moreover, antibiotics decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and thioredoxin reductase and caused oxidative damage to the silkworm intestine; the degree of damage was confirmed by histopathology analysis. The gene expression levels of antimicrobial peptides (attacin, lysozyme, and cecropins) were also perturbed by antibiotics. After antibiotic exposure, 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing revealed increases in the relative abundance of Sphingobium, Burkholderia, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Bradyrhizobium, Acinetobacter, Phenylobacterium, Plesiomonas, Escherichia/Shigella, and unclassified bacteria, as well as a reduction of Enterococcus. The metabolic and functional profiles of intestinal microbiota, particularly metabolic processes, such as energy, cofactors and vitamins, lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolisms, changed after antibiotic exposure. In conclusion, our findings reveal that antibiotics exert substantial effects on silkworm. The present study may promote the applications of silkworm as an interspecies model in the medical and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Xuejuan Xia
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Shan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Fengdan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Dey S, Bishayi B. Killing of S. aureus in murine peritoneal macrophages by Ascorbic acid along with antibiotics Chloramphenicol or Ofloxacin: Correlation with inflammation. Microb Pathog 2018; 115:239-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Comini LR, Morán Vieyra FE, Mignone RA, Páez PL, Laura Mugas M, Konigheim BS, Cabrera JL, Núñez Montoya SC, Borsarelli CD. Parietin: an efficient photo-screening pigment in vivo with good photosensitizing and photodynamic antibacterial effects in vitro. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:201-210. [PMID: 27976779 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00334f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical, photoinduced pro-oxidant and antibacterial properties in vitro of the natural occurring parietin (PTN; 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone) were evaluated. PTN was extracted from the lichen identified as Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norm. (Telochistaceae). Results indicate that in chloroform solution, PTN presents spectroscopic features corresponding to an excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) state with partial keto-enol tautomerization. In argon-saturated solutions, the singlet excited state is poorly fluorescent (ΦF = 0.03), decaying by efficient intersystem crossing to an excited triplet state 3PTN*, as detected by laser-flash photolysis experiments. In the presence of triplet molecular oxygen, the 3PTN* was fully quenched producing singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) with a quantum yield of 0.69. In addition, in buffer solutions, PTN has the ability to also generate a superoxide radical anion (O2˙-) in a human leukocyte model and its production was enhanced under UVA-Vis irradiation. Finally, the in vitro antibacterial capability of PTN in the dark and under UVA-Vis illumination was compared in microbial cultures of both Gram positive and negative bacteria. As a result, PTN showed promising photo-induced antibacterial activity through the efficient photosensitized generation of both 1O2 and O2˙- species. Thus, we have demonstrated that PTN, an efficient photo-screening pigment in lichens, is also a good photosensitizer in solution with promising applications in antibacterial photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Comini
- IMBIV, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - F Eduardo Morán Vieyra
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero - CONICET, RN9, Km 1125, G4206XCP Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
| | - Ricardo A Mignone
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero - CONICET, RN9, Km 1125, G4206XCP Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
| | - Paulina L Páez
- Dto. Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Unidad de Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA) - CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Laura Mugas
- IMBIV, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Brenda S Konigheim
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J.M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José L Cabrera
- IMBIV, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Susana C Núñez Montoya
- IMBIV, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Claudio D Borsarelli
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero - CONICET, RN9, Km 1125, G4206XCP Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
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8
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Dey S, Bishayi B. Effect of iNOS inhibitor LNMMA along with antibiotics Chloramphenicol or Ofloxacin in murine peritoneal macrophages regulates S.aureus infection as well as inflammation: An in vitro study. Microb Pathog 2017; 105:307-320. [PMID: 28242423 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Death due to sepsis by S. aureus is rapidly increasing because of their potent weaponries against macrophage mediated killing. Macrophages serve as intracellular reservoirs of S. aureus. Although significant resources have been invested during the last decade in new treatments for sepsis, only antibiotic therapy has failed to improve outcomes. Moreover the host pathogen interaction resulted in host cell death triggering inflammation. So, successful therapy requires amalgamation of therapies to delineate pathogen along with providing protection to host cell. With this idea, LNMMA, the iNOS inhibitor is used along with antibiotics Ofloxacin or Chloramphenicol on S. aureus infected mouse peritoneal macrophage. ROS like H2O2, O2- production has been measured. NO inhibition by iNOS inhibitor and antioxidant levels has been analysed. COX2, TLR2 and iNOS expression along with proinflammatory cytokine level was studied. It was found that the use of iNOS inhibitor LNMMA along with antibiotics not only enhances bacterial clearance but also decreases proinflammatory responses in Staphylococcus aureus infected macrophages. Inhibition of TLR2 as well as COX2 has also been found in combined treatment groups. The use of iNOS inhibitor LNMMA plus Ofloxacin or Chloramphenicol pretreatment enhanced bacterial clearance by increasing ROS. Decreases in NO protect the cell from harmful peroxynitril as well as inflammatory damage by changes in iNOS, COX2 activity along with reduced proinflammatory cytokines like TNFα, IFNγ, IL1-β etc. Changes in antioxidant level has been found. This in-vitro realm of augmented bacterial clearance and regulated inflammation may be considered as a novel and important therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somrita Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India.
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Bustos PS, Deza-Ponzio R, Páez PL, Albesa I, Cabrera JL, Virgolini MB, Ortega MG. Protective effect of quercetin in gentamicin-induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo in blood cells. Effect on gentamicin antimicrobial activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:253-264. [PMID: 27846408 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the effect of gentamicin and gentamicin plus quercetin on ROS production, endogenous antioxidant defenses (SOD and CAT) and lipid peroxidation in vitro on human leukocytes and in vivo on whole rat blood. Gentamicin generated ROS production in human leukocytes, produced a dual effect on both enzymes dosage-dependent and generated an increase in lipid peroxidation. Quercetin, in leukocytes stimulated by gentamicin, showed more inhibitory capacity in ROS production than the reference inhibitor (vitaminC) in mononuclear cells and a similar protective behavior at this inhibitor in polymorphonuclear cells. Quercetin, in both cellular systems, tend to level SOD and CAT activities, reaching basal values and could prevent lipidic peroxidation induced by gentamicin. The results in Wistar rats confirmed that therapeutic doses of gentamicin can induce oxidative stress in whole blood and that the gentamicin treatment plus quercetin can suppress ROS generation, collaborate with SOD and CAT and diminish lipid peroxidation. Finally, flavonoid and antibiotic association was evaluated on the antimicrobial activity in S. aureus and E. coli, showing that changes were not generated in the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against E. coli strains, while for strains of S. aureus a beneficial effect observes. Therefore, we have demonstrated that gentamicin could induce oxidative stress in human leukocytes and in whole blood of Wistar rats at therapeutic doses and that quercetin may to produce a protective effect on this oxidative stress generated without substantially modifying the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against E. coli strains, and it contributes to this activity against S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Soledad Bustos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Romina Deza-Ponzio
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Paulina Laura Páez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Unidad de Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Ines Albesa
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - José Luis Cabrera
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Miriam Beatriz Virgolini
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María Gabriela Ortega
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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10
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Dey S, Bishayi B. Riboflavin along with antibiotics balances reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines and controls Staphylococcus aureus infection by boosting murine macrophage function and regulates inflammation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2016; 13:36. [PMID: 27932936 PMCID: PMC5126841 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Macrophages serve as intracellular reservoirs of S. aureus. Recent in vitro studies have confirmed high level resistance by S. aureus to macrophage mediated killing and the intracellular persistence of Staphylococci may play an important role in the pathogenesis. Since this localization protects them from both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, therefore, a successful anti-staphylococcal therapy should include the elimination of intracellular bacteria, further protecting the host cells from staphylococci-induced cell death. So, only antibiotic therapy may not be helpful, successful therapy needs combination of drugs not only for elimination of pathogen but also for rescuing the host cell for S. aureus induced cell death. Methods In keeping with this idea an in vitro study has been done to examine the effect of Riboflavin along with antibiotics on phagocytosis, hydorgen peroxide, superoxide production, antioxidant enzyme levels, and cytokine levels in mouse macrophages for amelioration of the Staphylococcus aureus burden. The immune boosting effects of Riboflavin have been validated through perturbations of redox homeostasis and pro-inflammatory cytokines measurements. Results It was observed that the supplementation of Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin) not only enhances macrophage function as previously reported but also decreases pro-inflammatory responses in Staphylococcus aureus infected macrophages. The observed influence of Riboflavin on enhanced antimicrobial effects such as enhanced phagocytosis of macrophages exposed to S. aureus, hydrogen peroxide or superoxide production when combined with either ciprofloxacin (CIP) or Azithromycin (AZM) and decrease in pro-inflammatory responses of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β. Riboflavin treatment also decreased NO and TNF-α level possibly by inhibiting the NF-κβ pathway. The increased antioxidant enzymes like glutathione reductase, SOD and GSH level helped in maintaining a stable redox state in the cell. Conclusion Riboflavin plus antibiotic pretreatment not only enhances macrophage functions but also decreases proinflammatory responses in Staphylococcus aureus infected macrophages indicating better bacterial clearance and regulated inflammation which may be considered as a novel and important therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somrita Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta, 700009 West Bengal India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta, 700009 West Bengal India
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11
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García MC, Cuggino JC, Rosset CI, Páez PL, Strumia MC, Manzo RH, Alovero FL, Alvarez Igarzabal CI, Jimenez-Kairuz AF. A novel gel based on an ionic complex from a dendronized polymer and ciprofloxacin: Evaluation of its use for controlled topical drug release. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:236-46. [PMID: 27612709 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development and characterization of a novel, gel-type material based on a dendronized polymer (DP) loaded with ciprofloxacin (CIP), and the evaluation of its possible use for controlled drug release, are presented in this work. DP showed biocompatible and non-toxic behaviors in cultured cells, both of which are considered optimal properties for the design of a final material for biomedical applications. These results were encouraging for the use of the polymer loaded with CIP (as a drug model), under gel form, in the development of a new controlled-release system to be evaluated for topical administration. First, DP-CIP ionic complexes were obtained by an acid-base reaction using the high density of carboxylic acid groups of the DP and the amine groups of the CIP. The complexes obtained in the solid state were broadly characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, XRP diffraction, DSC-TG analysis and optical microscopy techniques. Gels based on the DP-CIP complexes were easily prepared and presented excellent mechanical behaviors. In addition, optimal properties for application on mucosal membranes and skin were achieved due to their high biocompatibility and acute skin non-irritation. Slow and sustained release of CIP toward simulated physiological fluids was observed in the assays (in vitro), attributed to ion exchange phenomenon and to the drug reservoir effect. An in vitro bacterial growth inhibition assay showed significant CIP activity, corresponding to 38 and 58% of that exhibited by a CIP hydrochloride solution at similar CIP concentrations, against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. However, CIP delivery was appropriate, both in terms of magnitude and velocity to allow for a bactericidal effect. In conclusion, the final product showed promising behavior, which could be exploited for the treatment of topical and mucosal opportunistic infections in human or veterinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica C García
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julio C Cuggino
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET, Colectora Ruta Nac. N° 168, km. 0, Pje. El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Clarisa I Rosset
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paulina L Páez
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miriam C Strumia
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Laboratorio de Materiales Poliméricos (LAMAP), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruben H Manzo
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fabiana L Alovero
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia I Alvarez Igarzabal
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Laboratorio de Materiales Poliméricos (LAMAP), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alvaro F Jimenez-Kairuz
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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Yuan D, Pan M, Zou Q, Chen C, Chen S, Xu A. The effect of antibiotic exposure on eicosanoid generation from arachidonic acid and gene expression in a primitive chordate, Branchiostoma belcheri. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:615-24. [PMID: 26288743 PMCID: PMC4536258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloramphenicol treatment induced immunosuppression and severe tissue damage in amphioxus. KEGG clustering showed that chloramphenicol and ampicillin treatment resulted in immunostimulation. Chloramphenicol treatment induced a ∼3-fold decrease of eicosanoid levels. Chloramphenicol and ampicillin treatment resulted in a 1.7-fold increase of eicosanoid levels. Eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid provide insights into the effect of chloramphenicol treatment.
Chloramphenicol (Chl) is an effective antimicrobial agent widely used in veterinary medicine and commonly used in fish. Its use is restricted in the clinic because of adverse effects on the immune system and oxidative stress in mammals. However, the effects of Chl treatment on invertebrates remain unclear. Amphioxus, a basal chordate, is an ideal model to study the origin and evolution of the vertebrate immune system as it has a primary vertebrate-like arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic system. Here, we combined transcriptomic and lipidomic approaches to investigate the immune system and observe the oxygenated metabolites of AA to address the antibiotic effects on amphioxus. Tissue necrosis of the gill slits occurred in the Chl-treated amphioxus, but fewer epithelial cells were lost when treated with both Chl and ampicillin (Amp). The immune related pathways were dysregulated in both of the antibiotic treatment groups. The Chl alone treatment resulted in immunosuppression with down-regulation of the innate immune genes. In contrast, the Chl + Amp treatment resulted in immunostimulation to some extent, as shown by KEGG clustering. Furthermore, Chl induced a 3-fold reduction in the level of the eicosanoids, while the Chl + Amp treatment resulted in 1.7-fold increase of eicosanoid level. Thus in amphioxus, Amp might relieve the effects of the Chl-induced immune suppression and increase the level of eicosanoids from AA. Finally, the oxygenated metabolites from AA might be crucial to evaluate the effects of Chl treatment in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjuan Yuan
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China ; Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Minming Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Qiuqiong Zou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Chengyong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Anlong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China ; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Kostopoulou ON, Magoulas GE, Papadopoulos GE, Mouzaki A, Dinos GP, Papaioannou D, Kalpaxis DL. Synthesis and evaluation of chloramphenicol homodimers: molecular target, antimicrobial activity, and toxicity against human cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134526. [PMID: 26267355 PMCID: PMC4533973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As fight against antibiotic resistance must be strengthened, improving old drugs that have fallen in reduced clinical use because of toxic side effects and/or frequently reported resistance, like chloramphenicol (CAM), is of special interest. Chloramphenicol (CAM), a prototypical wide-spectrum antibiotic has been shown to obstruct protein synthesis via binding to the bacterial ribosome. In this study we sought to identify features intensifying the bacteriostatic action of CAM. Accordingly, we synthesized a series of CAM-dimers with various linker lengths and functionalities and compared their efficiency in inhibiting peptide-bond formation in an Escherichia coli cell-free system. Several CAM-dimers exhibited higher activity, when compared to CAM. The most potent of them, compound 5, containing two CAM bases conjugated via a dicarboxyl aromatic linker of six successive carbon-bonds, was found to simultaneously bind both the ribosomal catalytic center and the exit-tunnel, thus revealing a second, kinetically cryptic binding site for CAM. Compared to CAM, compound 5 exhibited comparable antibacterial activity against MRSA or wild-type strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and E. coli, but intriguingly superior activity against some CAM-resistant E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Furthermore, it was almost twice as active in inhibiting the growth of T-leukemic cells, without affecting the viability of normal human lymphocytes. The observed effects were rationalized by footprinting tests, crosslinking analysis, and MD-simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George E. Magoulas
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios E. Papadopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - George P. Dinos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dionissios Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Dimitrios L. Kalpaxis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Aiassa V, Zoppi A, Albesa I, Longhi MR. Inclusion complexes of chloramphenicol with β-cyclodextrin and aminoacids as a way to increase drug solubility and modulate ROS production. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 121:320-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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16
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Banche G, Allizond V, Mandras N, Tullio V, Cuffini AM. Host immune modulation by antimicrobial drugs: current knowledge and implications for antimicrobial chemotherapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 18:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Kostopoulou ON, Kouvela EC, Magoulas GE, Garnelis T, Panagoulias I, Rodi M, Papadopoulos G, Mouzaki A, Dinos GP, Papaioannou D, Kalpaxis DL. Conjugation with polyamines enhances the antibacterial and anticancer activity of chloramphenicol. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:8621-34. [PMID: 24939899 PMCID: PMC4117768 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloramphenicol (CAM) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, limited to occasional only use in developed countries because of its potential toxicity. To explore the influence of polyamines on the uptake and activity of CAM into cells, a series of polyamine–CAM conjugates were synthesized. Both polyamine architecture and the position of CAM-scaffold substitution were crucial in augmenting the antibacterial and anticancer potency of the synthesized conjugates. Compounds 4 and 5, prepared by replacement of dichloro-acetyl group of CAM with succinic acid attached to N4 and N1 positions of N8,N8-dibenzylspermidine, respectively, exhibited higher activity than CAM in inhibiting the puromycin reaction in a bacterial cell-free system. Kinetic and footprinting analysis revealed that whereas the CAM-scaffold preserved its role in competing with the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA 3′-terminus to ribosomal A-site, the polyamine-tail could interfere with the rotatory motion of aminoacyl-tRNA 3′-terminus toward the P-site. Compared to CAM, compounds 4 and 5 exhibited comparable or improved antibacterial activity, particularly against CAM-resistant strains. Compound 4 also possessed enhanced toxicity against human cancer cells, and lower toxicity against healthy human cells. Thus, the designed conjugates proved to be suitable tools in investigating the ribosomal catalytic center plasticity and some of them exhibited greater efficacy than CAM itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania N Kostopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ekaterini C Kouvela
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George E Magoulas
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Garnelis
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Panagoulias
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Rodi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios Papadopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26, GR-41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George P Dinos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dionissios Papaioannou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios L Kalpaxis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
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Novío S, Núñez MJ, Amigo G, Freire-Garabal M. Effects of fluoxetine on the oxidative status of peripheral blood leucocytes of restraint-stressed mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 109:365-71. [PMID: 21624059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emotional stress can be viewed as a cause of adverse circumstances that induces a wide range of biochemical and behavioural changes. Oxidative stress is a critical route of damage in various psychological stress-induced disorders such as depression. Antidepressants are widely prescribed to treat these conditions; however, no animal study has investigated the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species in peripheral blood leucocytes of stressed mice. In this study, mice were immobilized for a period of 6 hr. Fluoxetine (5 mg/kg of body-weight) was administered 30 min. before subjecting the animals to acute stress. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species in leucocytes of the peripheral blood of stressed mice was investigated using a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe, and the antioxidant response of fluoxetine was evaluated by superoxide dismutase, diaphorase, catalase and reduced glutathione. Our results show that restraint stress significantly increases the generation of reactive oxygen species in the peripheral defence cells. Treatment with fluoxetine partially reverses the adverse effects of stress. The improvement in cellular oxidative status may be an important mechanism underlying the protective pharmacological effects of fluoxetine, which are clinically observed in the treatment of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Novío
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/San Francisco, Spain
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Ferreira DP, Silva VL, Guimarães DA, Coelho CM, Zauli DAG, Farias LM, Carvalho MAR, Diniz CG. Distribution, detection of enterotoxigenic strains and antimicrobial drug susceptibility patterns of bacteroides fragilis group in diarrheic and non-diarrheic feces from brazilian infants. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:603-11. [PMID: 24031535 PMCID: PMC3768645 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822010000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of gastrointestinal diseases and their global distribution, affecting millions of individuals around the world, the role and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacteria such as those in the Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) are still unclear in young children. This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of species in the BFG and enterotoxigenic strains in the fecal microbiota of children and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Diarrheic (n=110) and non-diarrheic (n=65) fecal samples from children aged 0-5 years old were evaluated. BFG strains were isolated and identified by conventional biochemical, physiological and molecular approaches. Alternatively, bacteria and enterotoxigenic strains were detected directly from feces by molecular biology. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility patterns were determined by the agar dilution method according to the guidelines for isolated bacteria. BFG was detected in 64.3% of the fecal samples (55% diarrheic and 80.4% non-diarrheic), and 4.6% were enterotoxigenic. Antimicrobial resistance was observed against ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, ceftriaxone, clindamycin and chloramphenicol. The data show that these bacteria are prevalent in fecal microbiota at higher levels in healthy children. The molecular methodology was more effective in identifying the B. fragilis group when compared to the biochemical and physiological techniques. The observation of high resistance levels stimulates thoughts about the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs in early infancy. Further quantitative studies are needed to gain a better understanding of the role of these bacteria in acute diarrhea in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Paula Ferreira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Genética Molecular Bacteriana, Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG , Brasil
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Oyagbemi AA, Adedara IA, Saba AB, Farombi EO. Role of Oxidative Stress in Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Co-administration of Chloramphenicol and Multivitamin-Haematinics Complex in Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:703-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Optical probes for detection and quantification of neutrophils’ oxidative burst. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 649:8-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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