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Wan Q, Lu Q, Luo S, Guan C, Zhang H. The beneficial health effects of puerarin in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03142-3. [PMID: 38709267 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death globally that seriously threaten human health. Although novel western medicines have continued to be discovered over the past few decades to inhibit the progression of CVDs, new drug research and development for treating CVDs with less side effects and adverse reactions are continuously being desired. Puerarin is a natural product found in a variety of medicinal plants belonging to the flavonoid family with potent biological and pharmacological activities. Abundant research findings in the literature have suggested that puerarin possesses a promising prospect in treating CVDs. In recent years, numerous new molecular mechanisms of puerarin have been explored in experimental and clinical studies, providing new evidence for this plant metabolite to protect against CVDs. This article systematically introduces the history of use, bioavailability, and various dosage forms of puerarin and further summarizes recently published data on the major research advances and their underlying therapeutic mechanisms in treating CVDs. It may provide references for researchers in the fields of pharmacology, natural products, and internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wan
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Qiwen Lu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Sang Luo
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Chengyan Guan
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
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Fu Y, Liu H, Li K, Wei P, Alam N, Deng J, Li M, Wu H, He X, Hou H, Xia C, Wang R, Wang W, Bai L, Xu B, Li Y, Wu Y, Liu E, Zhao S. C-reactive protein deficiency ameliorates experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233807. [PMID: 37753091 PMCID: PMC10518468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are elevated in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). However, it has not been investigated whether CRP contributes to AAA pathogenesis. Methods CRP deficient and wild type (WT) male mice were subjected to AAA induction via transient intra-aortic infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase. AAAs were monitored by in situ measurements of maximal infrarenal aortic external diameters immediately prior to and 14 days following elastase infusion. Key AAA pathologies were assessed by histochemical and immunohistochemical staining procedures. The influence of CRP deficiency on macrophage activation was evaluated in peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Results CRP protein levels were higher in aneurysmal than that in non-aneurysmal aortas. Aneurysmal aortic dilation was markedly suppressed in CRP deficient (aortic diameter: 1.08 ± 0.11 mm) as compared to WT (1.21 ± 0.08 mm) mice on day 14 after elastase infusion. More medial elastin was retained in CRP deficient than in WT elastase-infused mice. Macrophage accumulation was significantly less in aneurysmal aorta from CRP deficient than that from WT mice. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression was also attenuated in CRP deficient as compared to WT aneurysmal aortas. CRP deficiency had no recognizable influence on medial smooth muscle loss, lymphocyte accumulation, aneurysmal angiogenesis, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression. In in vitro assays, mRNA levels for tumor necrosis factor α and cyclooxygenase 2 were reduced in lipopolysaccharide activated peritoneal macrophages from CRP deficient as compared to wild type mice. Conclusion CRP deficiency suppressed experimental AAAs by attenuating aneurysmal elastin destruction, macrophage accumulation and matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haole Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Panpan Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naqash Alam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiwen Hou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congcong Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yankui Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Zeng Y, Li R, Dong Y, Yi D, Wu T, Wang L, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Hou Y. Dietary Supplementation with Puerarin Improves Intestinal Function in Piglets Challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1908. [PMID: 37370417 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of puerarin supplementation on the growth performance and intestinal function of piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88. Twenty-four ternary crossbred piglets were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: control group, ETEC group (challenged with ETEC K88 on day 8), and ETEC + Puerarin group (supplemented with 5 mg/kg puerarin and challenged with ETEC K88 on day 8). All piglets were orally administered D-xylose (0.1 g/kg body weight) on day 10, and blood samples were collected after 1 h. Subsequently, piglets were killed and intestinal samples were collected for further analysis. The results showed that puerarin supplementation significantly decreased the adverse effects of ETEC K88-challenged piglets; significantly improved growth performance; increased the number of Bifidobacterium in the colon and Lactobacillus in the jejunum, cecum and colon; decreased the number of Escherichia coli in the jejunum and cecum; reduced the hydrogen peroxide content in the jejunum and myeloperoxidase activity in the jejunum and ileum; and increased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the jejunum and ileum. In addition, puerarin supplementation alleviated ETEC K88-induced intestinal injury in piglets, significantly downregulated the mRNA level of Interleukin-1β and upregulated the mRNA levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, myxovirus resistance protein 1, myxovirus resistance protein 2, and guanylate-binding protein-1 in the small intestine of piglets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with puerarin could attenuate ETEC K88-induced intestinal injury by increasing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity and the number of beneficial intestinal bacteria in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Rui Li
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Zheng Y, Liu Z, Cai A, Xu S, Weng Z, Gao W, Xu Y. Study on the mechanism of Ginseng-Gegen for mesenteric lymphadenitis based on network pharmacology. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1534-1543. [PMID: 36247894 PMCID: PMC9561513 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the main active ingredients of the Ginseng-Gegen (Panax Ginseng-Radix Puerariae) drug pair, to predict relevant action targets, and to establish a network of "drug-active ingredients-targets", to ultimately explore the mechanism of Ginseng-Gegen in the treatment of mesenteric lymphadenitis. METHODS The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) platform was used to screen the chemical constituents of Ginseng-Gegen, and the active ingredient targets were retrieved by UniProt database. The databases of GeneCards and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) were applied to search for mesenteric lymphadenitis-related targets. Cytoscape software was used to construct the network of active ingredient-action targets. The biological functions of the targets were analyzed in the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database. RESULTS A total of 26 potential active ingredients of the Ginseng-Gegen drug pair were screened, with 128 drug-related targets and 255 mesenteric lymphadenitis-related targets. After matching, 23 potential targets were obtained for treating mesenteric lymphadenitis. Among them, MOL012297 (puerarin), MOL005344 (ginsenoside Rh2), and MOL000358 (beta-sitosterol) were linked to 3 or more key target genes. They were supposed to be important ingredients of Ginseng-Gegen in the treatment of mesenteric lymphadenitis. CONCLUSIONS Ginseng-Gegen is related to oxidative stress and inflammation, and it is a part of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and the advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathway. These biological processes and signaling pathways may be potential mechanisms of Ginseng-Gegen for treating mesenteric lymphadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zheng
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Luo Xiaorong Renowned Doctor's Studio of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoxun Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Luo Xiaorong Renowned Doctor's Studio of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiyuan Cai
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siting Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelin Weng
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Luo Xiaorong Renowned Doctor's Studio of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Gao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of TCM Pediatrics, Jiangmen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Zeng S, Li Y, Zhu W, Luo Z, Wu K, Li X, Fang Y, Qin Y, Chen W, Li Z, Zou L, Liu X, Yi L, Fan S. The Advances of Broad-Spectrum and Hot Anti-Coronavirus Drugs. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071294. [PMID: 35889013 PMCID: PMC9317368 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses, mainly including severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Middle East respiratory syndrome virus, human coronavirus OC43, chicken infectious bronchitis virus, porcine infectious gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and murine hepatitis virus, can cause severe diseases in humans and livestock. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is infecting millions of human beings with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the multiplicity of swine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus in swine suggests that coronaviruses seriously jeopardize the safety of public health and that therapeutic intervention is urgently needed. Currently, the most effective methods of prevention and control for coronaviruses are vaccine immunization and pharmacotherapy. However, the emergence of mutated viruses reduces the effectiveness of vaccines. In addition, vaccine developments often lag behind, making it difficult to put them into use early in the outbreak. Therefore, it is meaningful to screen safe, cheap, and broad-spectrum antiviral agents for coronaviruses. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms and state of anti-human and porcine coronavirus drugs, in order to provide theoretical support for the development of anti-coronavirus drugs and other antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zipeng Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiqi Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwei Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Linke Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (S.F.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (S.F.)
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (S.F.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (S.F.)
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Jiang Z, Cui X, Qu P, Shang C, Xiang M, Wang J. Roles and mechanisms of puerarin on cardiovascular disease:A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Zhou YX, Zhang H, Peng C. Effects of Puerarin on the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771793. [PMID: 34950032 PMCID: PMC8689134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, an isoflavone glycoside derived from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, has been identified as a pharmacologically active component with diverse benefits. A large number of experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that puerarin is widely used in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Among them, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the world, and therefore remain one of the most prominent global public health concerns. In this review, we systematically analyze the preclinical investigations of puerarin in CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, diabetic cardiovascular complications, myocardial infarction, stroke and hypertension. In addition, the potential molecular targets of puerarin are also discussed. Furthermore, we summarize the clinical trails of puerarin in the treatment of CVDs. Finally, the therapeutic effects of puerarin derivatives and its drug delivery systems are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Library, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Fang X, Dong S, Wu Y, He Y, Lu M, Shi D, Feng N, Yin S, Jiang Y, Zhang A, Ding Y, Zhang Q, Tang J, Zhang W, He X. Ameliorated biomechanical properties of carotid arteries by puerarin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:173. [PMID: 34154575 PMCID: PMC8216761 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging body of evidence indicates that puerarin (PUE) plays an important role in the treatment of angina pectoris, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, but how PUE affects the vascular remodeling of hypertensive rats has not been reported yet. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of PUE on carotid arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to provide the basis for the clinical application of PUE. METHODS Thirty male SHR and six male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) aged 3 months were used in this study, SHR rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, PUE(40 or 80 mg/kg/d, ip) and telmisartan (TELMI) (30 mg/kg/d, ig) were administrated for 3 months. We use DMT myography pressure-diameter system to investigate biomechanical properties of carotid arteries, 10 μM pan-classical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) inhibitor SKF96365, 200 nM specific TRPC6 inhibitor SAR7334 and 100 μM Orai1 inhibitor ANCOA4 were used in the mechanical test. RESULTS PUE can significantly decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure, long-term administration of PUE resulted in a mild reduction of thickness and inner diameter of carotid artery. PUE ameliorate NE-response and vascular remodeling mainly through inhibiting TRPCs channel activities of VSMC. CONCLUSION PUE can ameliorate biomechanical remodeling of carotid arteries through inhibiting TRPCs channel activities of VSMC in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Fang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Ultrasound, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Min Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Na Feng
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Songhe Yin
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Anhua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Qiufang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Junming Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Xiju He
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
- Department of Ultrasound, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
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Wu M, Yi D, Zhang Q, Wu T, Yu K, Peng M, Wang L, Zhao D, Hou Y, Wu G. Puerarin enhances intestinal function in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6552. [PMID: 33753826 PMCID: PMC7985190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin has been reported to be an excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent, but the potential effect of puerarin on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether puerarin could alleviate intestinal injury in piglets infected with PEDV. A PEDV (Yunnan province strain) infection model was applied to 7-day-old piglets at 104.5 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose). Piglets were orally administered with puerarin at the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight from day 5 to day 9. On day 9 of the trial, piglets were inoculated orally with PEDV. Three days later, jugular vein blood and intestinal samples were collected. Results showed puerarin reduced morbidity of piglets infected with PEDV. In addition, puerarin reduced the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, the ratio of serum aspartate aminotransferase to serum alanine aminotransferase, the number of white blood cells and neutrophils, and the plasma concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as protein abundances of heat shock protein-70 in PEDV-infected piglets. Moreover, puerarin increased D-xylose concentration but decreased intestinal fatty acid-binding protein concentration and diamine oxidase activity in the plasma of piglets infected with PEDV. Puerarin increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, while decreasing the activities of myeloperoxidase and concentration of hydrogen peroxide in both the intestine and plasma of PEDV-infected piglets. Puerarin decreased mRNA levels of glutathione S-transferase omega 2 but increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Furthermore, puerarin increased the abundance of total eubacteria (16S rRNA), Enterococcus genus, Lactobacillus genus and Enterobacteriaceae family in the intestine, but reduced the abundance of Clostridium coccoides in the caecum. These data indicate puerarin improved intestinal function in piglets infected by PEDV and may be a promising supplement for the prevention of PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Kui Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Meng Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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10
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Best LG, Azure C, Martell K, Tsosie KS, Voels B. Unactivated leukocyte expression of C-reactive protein is minimal and not dependent on rs1205 genotype. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5691. [PMID: 33707594 PMCID: PMC7952394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP), a prominent component of the innate immune system, is implicated in the pathophysiology of many conditions. CRP production primarily occurs in the liver; but contributions from other tissues is unclear. The Genotype-Tissue Expression Portal shows essentially no expression in whole blood and reports in the literature are conflicting. Multiple genomic variants influence serum levels of CRP. We measured CRP mRNA expression in leukocytes and sought to determine if rs1205 genotype influences leukocyte expression. Leukocytes were obtained from 20 women differing by genotype. Quantitative, real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) detected CRP and reference gene (GAPDH) mRNA. Leukocyte expression was calculated by the 2ΔCT method, and against a standard curve. Digital drop PCR was also used to calculate expression ratios. Student's t test and linear regression methods examined possible differences between genotypes. During 32 runs (10 replicates each), the RT-qPCR mean (SD) CRP/GAPDH ratio was 3.39 × 10–4 (SD 1.73 × 10–4) and 3.15 × 10–4 (SD 1.64 × 10–4) for TT and CC genotypes respectively, p = 0.76; and digital drop PCR results were similar. Serum CRP was not significantly different between genotypes, nor correlated with leukocyte expression. CRP is minimally expressed in unactivated leukocytes and this expression is not likely influenced by rs1205 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Best
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA. .,Natural Sciences, Turtle Mountain Community College, Belcourt, ND, USA. .,, 1935 118th Ave NW, Watford City, ND, 58854, USA.
| | - C Azure
- Natural Sciences, Turtle Mountain Community College, Belcourt, ND, USA
| | - K Martell
- Natural Sciences, Turtle Mountain Community College, Belcourt, ND, USA
| | - K S Tsosie
- Natural Sciences, Turtle Mountain Community College, Belcourt, ND, USA
| | - B Voels
- Science, Cankdeska Cikana Community College, Fort Totten, ND, USA
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11
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Hu Y, Li H, Li R, Wu Z, Yang W, Qu W. Puerarin protects vascular smooth muscle cells from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced reductions in viability via inhibition of the p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:270. [PMID: 33199995 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin belongs to the family of flavonoids extracted from Pueraria lobata (Wild.) Ohwi, which exhibits antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antitumor, anti-hypertensive and anti-atherosclerotic activities. In the present study, the effects of puerarin on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were explored to understand the mechanisms underlying the anti-atherosclerotic effects of puerarin. VSMCs were treated with various concentrations of puerarin (0, 20, 40 and 80 µM) prior to stimulation with ox-LDL (50 µg/ml). VSMC viability was evaluated by performing MTT and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by performing ELISAs. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Western blotting was conducted to assess the levels of p38-MAPK and JNK phosphorylation. The results indicated that puerarin inhibited ox-LDL-induced VSMC viability. Moreover, puerarin significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, significantly reduced the production of MDA and significantly increased SOD activity in ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs. Puerarin also inhibited ox-LDL-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in VSMCs. The results suggested that puerarin reduced ox-LDL-induced VSMC viability via inhibition of the p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways. The present study provided theoretical evidence that puerarin may serve as a therapeutic agent to reduce the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, Jilin 134002, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ruili Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zijing Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, Jilin 134002, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, Jilin 134002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
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12
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Huang W, He Q, Zhou ZR, He HB, Jiang RW. Enzymatic Synthesis of Puerarin Glucosides Using Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase with Enhanced Antiosteoporosis Activity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12251-12258. [PMID: 32548408 PMCID: PMC7271355 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Puerarin (PU) is the most abundant isoflavone from the root of Pueraria lobata and exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its use. Enzymatic transglycosylation is emerging as a new strategy to improve the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of natural products for drug development. In this study, three PU glucosides (PU-G, PU-2G, and PU-3G) were synthesized by using a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus licheniformis with PU as the acceptor and α-cyclodextrin as the sugar donor. The transglycosylation products were isolated and structurally identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The water solubilities of PU-G, PU-2G, and PU-3G were 15.6, 100.9, and 179.1 times higher than that of PU, respectively. Moreover, the antiosteoporosis activities of these glucosides were tested, and PU-G was found to show much more potent antiosteoporosis activity as compared to the original PU.
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13
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Wu M, Zhang Q, Yi D, Wu T, Chen H, Guo S, Li S, Ji C, Wang L, Zhao D, Hou Y, Wu G. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Antiviral and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Puerarin in Piglets Infected With Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:169. [PMID: 32174911 PMCID: PMC7055472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused enormous economic losses to the swine industry worldwide in recent years. Puerarin (PR), a major isoflavonoid isolated from the Chinese herb Gegen, possesses many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities. This study was conducted with both PEDV-infected African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) and neonatal pigs to determine the effect of PR on PEDV infection and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by using proteomic analyses. Twenty-four piglets fed a milk replacer were randomly allocated into one of three groups (Control, PEDV, and PEDV + PR). After a 5-day period of adaption, piglets (n = 8/group) in the PEDV + PR were orally administered with PR (0.5 mg/kg body weight) between days 5 and 9, whereas piglets in the other two groups received the same volume of liquid milk replacer. On day 9, piglets were orally administered with either sterile saline or PEDV (Yunnan province strain) at 104.5 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose) per pig. On day 12 of the trial, jugular vein blood and intestinal samples were collected. In addition, Vero cells were assigned randomly into three groups (Control, PEDV, PEDV + PR). Cells in the PEDV and PEDV + PR groups were infected with PEDV at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01, while cells in the control group were treated with the same volume of sterile saline. One hour later, cells in the Control and PEDV groups were cultured in serum-free DMEM, while cells in the PEDV + PR group were supplemented with PR. After 36 h of culture, cells were harvested. PR attenuated the reductions in cell proliferation in vitro and growth performance in PEDV-infected piglets, and inhibited PEDV replication and the expression of several cytokines (including IL-8) both in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic analyses identified that the abundances of 29 proteins in the ileum were altered by PEDV infection and restored to the control level by PR. Pathway analyses revealed that PR restored the expression of several interferon-stimulated genes and selectively upregulated the expression of guanylate-binding proteins. Western blot analyses showed that PR supplementation inhibited the PEDV-induced NF-κB activation. Collectively, these results indicate that PR could exert antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects in piglets infected with PEDV and have the potential to be an effective antiviral feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changzheng Ji
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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14
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He J, Li X, Wang Z, Bennett S, Chen K, Xiao Z, Zhan J, Chen S, Hou Y, Chen J, Wang S, Xu J, Lin D. Therapeutic Anabolic and Anticatabolic Benefits of Natural Chinese Medicines for the Treatment of Osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1344. [PMID: 31824310 PMCID: PMC6886594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by increasing osseous fragility and fracture due to the reduced bone mass and microstructural degradation. Primary pharmacological strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis, hormone replacement treatment (HRT), and alendronate therapies may produce adverse side-effects and may not be recommended for long-term usage. Some classic and bone-specific natural Chinese medicine are very popularly used to treat osteoporosis and bone fracture effectively in clinical with their potential value in bone growth and development, but with few adverse side-effects. Current evidence suggests that the treatments appear to improve bone metabolism and attenuate the osteoporotic imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption at a cellular level by promoting osteoblast activity and inhibiting the effects of osteoclasts. The valuable therapies might, therefore, provide an effective and safer alternative to primary pharmacological strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to comprehensively review these classic and bone-specific drugs in natural Chinese medicines for the treatment of osteoporosis that had been deeply and definitely studied and reported with both bone formation and antiresorption effects, including Gynochthodes officinalis (F.C.How) Razafim. & B.Bremer (syn. Morinda officinalis F.C.How), Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., Psoralea corylifolia (L.) Medik Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Dipsacus inermis Wall. (syn. Dipsacus asperoides C.Y.Cheng & T.M.Ai), Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm., Velvet Antler, Cistanche deserticola Ma, Cuscuta chinensis Lam., Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, Epimedium brevicornum Maxim, Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge., thus providing evidence for the potential use of alternative Chinese medicine therapies to effectively treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo He
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Samuel Bennett
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kai Chen
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiheng Zhan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shudong Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Hou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shaofang Wang
- Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dingkun Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Ma Y, Lv W, Gu Y, Yu S. 1-Deoxynojirimycin in Mulberry ( Morus indica L.) Leaves Ameliorates Stable Angina Pectoris in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease by Improving Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Capacities. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:569. [PMID: 31164826 PMCID: PMC6536649 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Stable angina pectoris (SAP) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and blood stasis syndrome (BSS) is a potentially serious threat to public health. NF-κB signaling is associated with angina pectoris. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), which is a unique polyhydroxy alkaloid, is the main active component in mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves and may exhibit protective properties in the prevention of SAP in patients with CHD by affecting the NF-κB pathway. Methods: DNJ was purified from mulberry leaves by using a pretreated cation exchange chromatography column. A total of 144 SAP patients were randomly and evenly divided into experimental (DNJ treatment) and control (conventional treatment) groups. Echocardiography and ascending aortic elasticity were evaluated. The changes in inflammatory, oxidative, and antioxidant factors, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured before and after a 4-week treatment. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores were compared between the two groups. The improvement in SAP score, associated symptoms, and BSS was also investigated. The levels of IkB kinase (IKK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and inhibitor of kappa B α (IkBα) were measured by Western blot. Results: After the 4-week treatment, DNJ increased left ventricular ejection fraction and reduced left ventricular mass index, aortic distensibility, and atherosclerosis index (p < 0.05). DNJ intervention increased angina-free walking distance (p < 0.05). DNJ significantly reduced the levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-a, MDA, SAS, HAMD, AP, and BSS scores and increased SOD level (p < 0.05). The total effective rate was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The symptoms of angina attack frequency, nitroglycerin use, chest pain and tightness, shortness of breath, and emotional upset were also improved. DNJ reduced IKK and NF-κB levels and increased IkBα level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The DNJ in mulberry leaves improved the SAP of patients with CHD and BSS by increasing their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Cadre Ward, Seven Therapy Area, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shui Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Li WW, Zheng MY, Guo Y, Zhang ZT, Han JC, Jiang YP, Wang Q, Wang M, Ji MX, Zhang YT. Construction of C-glycosides of heterocycles containing the pyrimidin-2-amine or the 1 H-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridine moiety and their biological evaluation for anticancer activities. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819856942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel C-glycosides of heterocyclic derivatives containing a pyrimidin-2-amine or a 1 H-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridine moiety were synthesized using condensation reactions of the substituted puerarin with guanidine or 3-amino-5-hydroxypyrazole in methyl alcohol. Their chemical structures were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, their biological activity has been demonstrated by in vitro evaluation against the human leukemia cells K562 and human prostate cancer cells PC-3 by MTT-based assays, using the commercially available standard drug of cis-platin as a positive control. The results also demonstrated that most of the compounds showed considerable cytotoxicity to these two cell lines of K562 and PC-3, and indicated that novel C-glycosides of heterocyclic derivatives may be potential leads for further biological screenings and may generate drug-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Wu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Min-Yan Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Zun-Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Chang Han
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Mei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Xiang Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Tao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, P.R. China
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17
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Yan B, Zhou H, Chu J, Cao X. Suppression of puerarin on polymethylmethacrylate-induced lesion of peri-implant by inhibiting NF-κB activation in vitro and in vivo. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152372. [PMID: 30853175 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Puerarin (PR), a natural isoflavone isolated from Chinese traditional plant pueraria lobata, has attracted considerable attention due to its important biological and pharmacological activities. However, its effects on lesion of peri-implant and related mechanism of action are still not clear, which require further investigation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of PR on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-induced lesion of peri-implant in vitro and in vivo, and explored its possible mechanism of action. Our results indicated that PR could inhibit PMMA-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells with a dose-dependent manner in vitro and effectively down-regulate mRNA and protein expressions of matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (RANK), primarily via the suppression of NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, we found that PMMA induction could directly cause the phosphorylation of IκB and significantly promote the nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW264.7 cells. In other words, PR was able to dose-dependently attenuate the PMMA-induced nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, PR was observed to attenuate PMMA-induced osteoclastogenesis, osteolysis, mRNA expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL) and RANK, as well as protein levels of MMP-9, TNF-α, IL-6, and p65 in a murine calvarial osteolysis model. These findings suggested that PR might be a potential therapeutic drug to lesion of peri-implant, and provided new insights for understanding its possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yan
- Department of Oral Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Dental Implant, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpu Chu
- School of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanping Cao
- Department of Oral Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Shi W, Yuan R, Chen X, Xin Q, Wang Y, Shang X, Cong W, Chen K. Puerarin Reduces Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Targeting eNOS. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:19-38. [PMID: 30612457 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin is an isoflavonoid isolated from the root of Pueraria lobata (Gegen in Chinese) that has been widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. Here, we investigated the hypotensive effects and mechanisms of puerarin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The qPCR array technique was used to determine the expression of hypertension-related genes. Then, the differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the STRING database. The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of rats decreased after the administration of puerarin for nine weeks. Puerarin, but not losartan, also slowed the heart rate of rats. NO and cGMP levels were improved by puerarin. Eighteen differentially expressed hypertension-related genes were identified by comparing the model group with the control group and the high-dose puerarin group with the model group. NO and cGMP levels were increased by high-dose puerarin. High-dose puerarin increased the levels of the phosphorylated eNOS protein and decreased AT1 and Cav1 levels. Based on our results, eNOS was a key target in the mechanism by which puerarin reduced blood pressure, and puerarin represents a potential antihypertensive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shi
- * Cardiovascular Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- * Cardiovascular Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.,‡ Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xun Chen
- † Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qiqi Xin
- * Cardiovascular Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yan Wang
- § Cardiovascular Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaohong Shang
- † Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Weihong Cong
- * Cardiovascular Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Keji Chen
- * Cardiovascular Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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Zhang S, Wang J, Zhao H, Luo Y. Effects of three flavonoids from an ancient traditional Chinese medicine Radix puerariae on geriatric diseases. Brain Circ 2018; 4:174-184. [PMID: 30693344 PMCID: PMC6329217 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_13_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the worldwide population ages, the morbidity of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and endocrine diseases, such as diabetes and osteoporosis, continues to increase. The etiology of geriatric diseases is complex, involving the interaction of genes and the environment, which makes effective treatment challenging. Traditional Chinese medicine, unlike Western medicine, uses diverse bioactive ingredients to target multiple signaling pathways in geriatric diseases. Radix puerariae is one of the most widely used ancient traditional Chinese medicines and is also consumed as food. This review summarizes the evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies of the pharmacological effects of the main active components of the tuber of Radix puerariae on geriatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Stroke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Ding X, Mei E, Hu M, Zhou C, Li X, Cai L, Li Z. Effect of puerarin on melanogenesis in human melanocytes and vitiligo mouse models and the underlying mechanism. Phytother Res 2018; 33:205-213. [PMID: 30421463 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Puerarin is the major bioactive ingredient derived from the root of the Pueraria lobata (Willd.), and its antioxidative stress effects have been demonstrated in several previous studies. Moreover, Puerarin can upregulate melanin synthesis and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) transcription by increasing cAMP level of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Vitiligo is an acquired cutaneous disorder of pigmentation, and the pathogenesis has remained elusive. Current treatment modalities are directed towards achieving repigmentation. In this study, we found that after treating with puerarin at various concentrations of 40 μmol/L, the melanin content of human melanocytes increased significantly and the apparent level of protein and the RNA levels of MITF, tyrosinase (TYR), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) were also increased. Further, puerarin was shown to inhibit phosphorylation and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) without significantly affecting p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. These results demonstrated that puerarin stimulated melanogenesis in human melanocytes via inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathways, which leads to upregulation of MITF and TYR as well as TRP-1 subsequently. Additionally, mice vitiligo models with puerarin treatment showed lighter pathological changes. Therefore, we suggested that puerarin might be a potential medicine for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ding
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Enci Mei
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Murong Hu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhou
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Yang M, Luo Y, Liu T, Zhong X, Yan J, Huang Q, Tao J, He Q, Guo M, Hu Y. The Effect of Puerarin on Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: ARandomized Controlled Trial. Clin Ther 2018; 40:1752-1764.e1. [PMID: 30245282 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular and diabetic complications are the main causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Puerarin has potential protective effects against subclinical atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, but the clinical evidence is still not sufficient to draw definitive conclusions. Therefore, we performed the clinical trial to assess the effect of puerarin on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in RA. METHODS This is an open, controlled, randomized, and parallel-group comparison study of 119 patients with a definite diagnose of active RA. All 119 consecutive patients with RA receiving routine antirheumatic care were randomized to receive treatment with (n = 60; 16 males and 44 females; mean age, 52.97 years; 95% CI, 49.78-56.15 years) or without (n = 59; 17 males and 42 females; mean age, 54.05 years; 95% CI, 50.03-58.07 years) 400mg of puerarin. The effects of both interventions on CIMT, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value, and possible adverse events were assessed and compared at entry, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. The collected data were processed and assessed using ANCOVA, paired t test, repeated-measure ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's χ2 test, Fisher exact test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Pearson correlation, and LOESS (locally weighted smoothing) regression analysis. FINDINGS No significant adverse effects occurred concerning the use of puerarin, and both interventions were generally well tolerated in all the patients. A tiny but significant decrease of CIMT was observed in puerarin-treated patients at 24 weeks (-0.003 mm; 95% CI, -0.005 to -0.001vs 0.019 mm; 95% CI, -0.002 to 0.040; P < 0.001). At 24 weeks, insulin resistance was indicated with more pronounced improvement in the puerarin group versus the control group (homeostasis model assessment, -0.40; 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.33vs -0.05; 95% CI, -0.08 to -0.01; P < 0.001). Correlation analysis indicated an interaction between the parallel reductions in CIMT and insulin resistance in the puerarin group (r = 0.878, P < 0.001) but not in the control group. IMPLICATIONS In the study, 24 weeks of treatment with 400mg of puerarin exerted a significant effect against CIMT progression in patients with active RA, which may be associated with the improvement of insulin resistance. Puerarin holds promise as a drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic comorbidities in patients with active RA. However, more strictly designed trials, such as double-blind and placebo-controlled trials, are still required. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02254655.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China; The Second Military Medical University, Graduate College, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong, China; Department of Gerontology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Ultrasound Diagnosis Department, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingjuan He
- Ultrasound Diagnosis Department, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyang Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China.
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Attenuation of inflammatory pain by puerarin in animal model of inflammation through inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:306-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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M1 Macrophages but Not M2 Macrophages Are Characterized by Upregulation of CRP Expression via Activation of NFκB: a Possible Role for Ox-LDL in Macrophage Polarization. Inflammation 2018; 41:1477-1487. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Liu X, Zhao W, Wang W, Lin S, Yang L. Puerarin suppresses LPS-induced breast cancer cell migration, invasion and adhesion by blockage NF-κB and Erk pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:429-436. [PMID: 28558356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for the development and metastatic progression of breast cancer. Puerarin has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine, which possesses manifold physiological activities, including anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities. However, its anti-cancer metastasis activity in breast cancer cell inflammation-mediated have not been studied. METHODS Cell viability was detected with Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8. Transwell migration and invasion assay were performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to analysis the expression of inflammatory factor. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of related cytokines were determined by qRT- PCR assay and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS In this study, puerarin significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell migration, invasion and adhesion. The mRNA and protein levels revealed that puerarin treatment effectively negated the expression of CCR7, CXCR4, MMP-2, MMP-9, ICAM and VCAM in LPS- activated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, the expression of inflammatory factor TNF-α and IL-6 in cell culture supernatant remarkably reduced. Finally, the result indicated that puerarin abrogated the NF-κB activation in breast cancer cells stimulated by LPS, which is mediated through inhibition of phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα. Also, puerarin inhibited phosphorylation of Erk in breast cancer cells LPS-induced. CONCLUSIONS This present study revealed that puerarin might be a novel therapeutic drug for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxiang Liu
- Inspection Center, Huai'an No 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Laboratory, Huai'an Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223002, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China.
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Radix puerariae extracts ameliorate paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by attenuating follistatin-like 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor-2 signalling pathways through downregulation of miRNA-21 expression. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:11. [PMID: 26758514 PMCID: PMC4711072 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-0991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puerarin, extracted from Radix puerariae, was reported to ameliorate airway inflammation, lung injury and lung fibrosis induced by paraquat (PQ) in mice. However, effects of Radix puerariae extracts (RPEs) on lung fibrosis or signalling pathways in PQ-induced lung injury have not been well studied. Therefore, the goals of our study were to investigate whether Radix puerariae extracts are antifibrotic in a paraquat (PQ) induced lung fibrosis model in mice and to propose possible mechanisms of action of the RPE effects. METHODS We used a long-term exposure model of PQ-induced lung fibrosis in mice to evaluate effects of antioxidant-containing RPE. We examined effects of miR-21 on follistatin-like 1 (Fstl 1) pathways and oxidative stress in the lung. Gene expression levels of miR-21, Fstl 1, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen-1 and collagen III were measured by real-time PCR. Protein expression levels of Fstl 1(FSTL1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor-2 (Nrf2), Smad2/3, p38MAPK, nuclear factor-κB 65 (NF-κB65), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were detected by western blotting. FSTL1 andalpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSH) glutathione and reactive oxygen species levels, hydroxyproline and total lung collagen were also determined. RESULTS Long-term challenge with PQ enhanced miRNA-21 (miR-21), Fstl 1 pathways, oxidative stress and development of fibrotic features in the lungs. RPE reduced features of lung fibrosis by blocking Fstl 1 pathways and oxidative stress through decreased miR-21 expression. This was accompanied by suppression of CTGF, TGF-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, collagen I, and collagen III. In addition, PQ-induced activation of NF-κB, Nrf2 and α-SMA were enhanced by puerarin. We also found that puerarin increased HO-1, SOD and GSH levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that RPEs blocked PQ-induced Fstl 1 pathways and oxidative stress by inhibiting miR-21 expression, leading to attenuation of PQ-induced lung fibrosis.
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Yang S, Wang S, Sun F, Zhang M, Wu F, Xu F, Ding Z. Protective effects of puerarin against tetrabromobisphenol a-induced apoptosis and cardiac developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryo-larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:1014-1023. [PMID: 24596333 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a brominated flame retardant, is detected commonly in aquatic environments, where it is thought to be highly toxic to the development of aquatic life. In this study, zebrafish embryos and larvae were used to investigate the protective effects of puerarin after exposure to TBBPA. Malformation, blood flow disorders, pericardial edema, and spawn coagulation rates increased, whereas survival decreased significantly after exposure to 0.5 and 1.0 mg L(-1) TBBPA. The measured indices of morphological toxicity improved after treatment with puerarin. TBBPA also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a dose-dependent manner. Acridine orange staining results revealed that TBBPA exposure caused cardiomyocyte apoptosis and induced the expression of three proapoptotic genes: P53, Bax, and Caspase9. In contrast, the expression of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl2 was down-regulated. When genes related to cardiac development were assessed, the expression of Tbx1, Raldh2, and Bmp2b changed after exposure to the combination of TBBPA and puerarin. These results suggest that TBBPA induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ROS production, resulting in cardiac developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos or larvae. Therefore, puerarin regulates the expression of cardiac developmental genes, such as Tbx1, Bmp2b, and Raldh2 by inhibiting ROS production, and subsequently modulates cardiac development after the exposure of zebrafish larvae to TBBPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shengrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fengchao Sun
- Department of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fanfan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- Department of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
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Wei SY, Chen Y, Xu XY. Progress on the pharmacological research of puerarin: a review. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:407-14. [PMID: 24969520 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary pharmacological research has demonstrated that puerarin, the most important phytoestrogen extracted from Pueraria lobata(Willd.) Ohwi, has protecting functions on the cardiovascular system, nervous system, osteoporosis, liver injury, and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Most of these research studies focused on inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulating various bioactivators and signal pathways. Among these, superoxide dismutase (SOD), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB are of great importance. The data cited in this review were mainly obtained from articles listed in PubMed and Elsevier SDOL published from 1959 to 2013, and the search term used was "puerarin".
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yong Wei
- Pharmaceutical College of Southwest University & College of Chinese Medicine; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, Chongqing 400716, China; Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Pharmaceutical College of Southwest University & College of Chinese Medicine; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Pharmaceutical College of Southwest University & College of Chinese Medicine; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Yang X, Zhang H, Wang J, Zhang Z, Li C. Puerarin decreases bone loss and collagen destruction in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2015; 50:748-57. [PMID: 25645818 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - H. Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
- Department of Periodontology; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; College of Stomatology; Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Z. Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - C. Li
- Department of Periodontology; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
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KANG OKHWA, KIM SUNGBAE, MUN SUHYUN, SEO YUNSOO, HWANG HYEONGCHIL, LEE YOUNGMI, LEE HOSEOB, KANG DAEGIL, KWON DONGYEUL. Puerarin ameliorates hepatic steatosis by activating the PPARα and AMPK signaling pathways in hepatocytes. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:803-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Bao MH, Zhang YW, Lou XY, Xiao Y, Cheng Y, Zhou HH. Puerarin protects endothelial cells from oxidized low density lipoprotein induced injuries via the suppression of LOX-1 and induction of eNOS. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:299-306. [PMID: 24708212 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induced injury of endothelial cells is considered to be the first step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate some of the effects and mechanisms of puerarin on oxLDL-induced endothelial injuries. We measured cell viability, and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nitric oxide (NO), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) to evaluate the protective effects of puerarin. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The expression of lectin-like low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), p38MAPK, and protein kinase B (PKB) phosphorylation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation, and inhibitor of κB (IκB) degradation were detected using quantitative real-time PCR or Western blot. The results showed that oxLDL significantly decreased cell viability, increased LDH and IL-8 release, inhibited NO production, and induced COX-2 expression. Pretreatment with puerarin led to a strong inhibition of these effects. OxLDL stimulated the expression of LOX-1, the overproduction of ROS, the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, the dephosphorylation of PKB, activation of NF-κB, and the degradation of IκB. These oxLDL-induced effects were suppressed after puerarin pretreatment. These results suggest that puerarin inhibits oxLDL-induced endothelial cell injuries, at least in part, via inhibition of the LOX-1-mediated p38MAPK-NF-κB inflammatory and the PKB-eNOS signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-hua Bao
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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Mahdy HM, Mohamed MR, Emam MA, Karim AM, Abdel-Naim AB, Abdel-Naim A, Khalifa AE. The anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of puerarin attenuate 3-nitropropionic-acid induced neurotoxicity in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:252-8. [PMID: 24593790 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin (Pur), an isoflavonoid extracted from the dried roots of Pueraria lobata, has been reported to be useful in the treatment of various diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities of Pur against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced neurotoxicity. For 5 consecutive days, male Wistar rats were given Pur (200 mg/kg body mass) 30 min before treatment with 20 mg/kg body mass of 3-NP. The striata, hippocampi, and cortices of the 3-NP treated group showed apoptotic damage, inflammation, and energy deficit as well as histopathological lesions. The 3-NP-induced alteration in apoptotic biomarkers (caspase-3 activity/level, cytosolic cytochrome c, Bax/Bcl-2 levels) were significantly ameliorated by Pur treatment. Moreover, Pur pretreatment blocked 3-NP-induced inflammatory biomarkers (NF-κB, TNF-α, and iNOS) and prevented the energy deficit (ATP reduction). Nissl staining further confirmed Pur's neuroprotective effect. These results indicate that Pur may be a useful preventive approach to various neurodegenerative diseases with underlying apoptosis and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Mahdy
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Monazamet Al-Wehdah Al-Efrikeya Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhou YX, Zhang H, Peng C. Puerarin: a review of pharmacological effects. Phytother Res 2013; 28:961-75. [PMID: 24339367 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin is the major bioactive ingredient isolated from the root of the Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, which is well known as Gegen (Chinese name) in traditional Chinese medicine. As the most abundant secondary metabolite, puerarin was isolated from Gegen in the late 1950s. Since then, its pharmacological properties have been extensively investigated. It is available in common foods and is used in alternative medicine. It has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and diabetic complications, osteonecrosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, endometriosis, and cancer. The beneficial effects of puerarin on the various medicinal purposes may be due to its wide spectrum of pharmacological properties such as vasodilation, cardioprotection, neuroprotection, antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammation, alleviating pain, promoting bone formation, inhibiting alcohol intake, and attenuating insulin resistance. However, the direct molecular mechanisms and targets remain unclear. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects of puerarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, PR China; Department of Medicinal Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
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Xu L, Zheng N, He Q, Li R, Zhang K, Liang T. Puerarin, isolated from Pueraria lobata (Willd.), protects against hepatotoxicity via specific inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, thereby leading to anti-fibrotic effect. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1172-1179. [PMID: 23856441 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway has been investigated in the pathogenesis of hepatofibrosis, and pharmacological treatment of liver fibrosis targeted this pathway to determine its contribution to the inhibition of fibrotic development. Importantly, ethnopharmacology-derived Pueraria lobata has been reported to effectively reverse the fibrotic process in the liver. In the present study, we performed dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in rats to assess the benefits of puerarin (PR), which was isolated from Pueraria lobata (Willd.), on ECM-derived hepatocytes associated with the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Our results showed that the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), type III precollagen (PCIII) and type IV collagen (CIV) were significantly reduced by PR treatment, while hepatic homogenates showed decreased levels of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and collagen I (Col I). Masson's trichrome staining indicated that the DMN-induced liver fibrosis was alleviated. In addition, the protein expression levels of transforming growth factor-β l (TGF-β l), smad2, smad3, α-SMA and TIMP-1 were downregulated specifically by PR treatment, whereas the protein expression levels of smad7 and MMP-1 were upregulated. Furthermore, we evaluated the PR-mediated inhibitory effect on TGF-β1-treated proliferation and activation in a rat liver stellate cell line (HSC-T6). These data resulted in inhibition of the cell growth of HSC-T6 in a dose-dependent manner and a reduction in TβRI, smad2 and smad3 expressed proteins in the presence of PR on TGF-β1-treated HSC-T6 cells, while smad7 levels were downregulated. Taken together, these findings identify a unique effect for PR-regulation of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway in blocking fibrotic development and provide a promising strategy for hepatofibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, PR China
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Lu J, Sun LX, Lin ZB, Duan XS, Ge ZH, Xing EH, Lan TF, Yang N, Li XJ, Li M, Li WD. Antagonism by Ganoderma lucidum
Polysaccharides Against the Suppression by Culture Supernatants of B16F10 Melanoma Cells on Macrophage. Phytother Res 2013; 28:200-6. [PMID: 23519930 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
- Department of Pharmacology; Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Zhi-Bin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology; Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin-Suo Duan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
| | - Zhi-Hua Ge
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
| | - En-Hong Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
| | - Tian-Fei Lan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
| | - Ning Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing 100191 China
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Luo CF, Hou N, Tian J, Yuan M, Liu SM, Xiong LG, Luo JD, Chen MS. Metabolic profile of puerarin in rats after intragastric administration of puerarin solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:933-40. [PMID: 23486407 PMCID: PMC3592513 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s39349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin has multiple pharmacological effects and is widely prescribed for patients with cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, cerebral ischemia, myocardial ischemia, diabetes mellitus, and arteriosclerosis. We have successfully prepared puerarin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (Pue-SLNs) for oral administration. Pue-SLNs are prepared using monostearin, soya lecithin, and poloxamer 188. SLNs may alter the course of puerarin absorption predominantly to and through lymphatic routes and regions, presumably following a transcellular path of lipid absorption, especially by enterocytes and polar epithelial cells of the intestine. The alteration of absorption might influence the metabolic profile of puerarin when incorporated into SLNs. In the present study, we investigated the metabolic profile of puerarin in rat plasma and urine using rapid resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after a single-dose intragastric administration of Pue-SLNs in comparison with puerarin suspension. Two glucuronidated metabolites of puerarin, puerarin-4′-O-glucuronide and puerarin-7-O-glucuronide, were detected in rat plasma and urine after intragastric administration of Pue-SLNs, with the latter acting as the major metabolite. Similar results were found in rat plasma and urine after intragastric administration of puerarin suspension. The results suggest that incorporation of puerarin into SLNs does not change either the position of glucuronidation or the metabolic pathway of puerarin in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Feng Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Sun LX, Lin ZB, Duan XS, Lu J, Ge ZH, Li M, Xing EH, Lan TF, Jiang MM, Yang N, Li WD. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides counteract inhibition on CD71 and FasL expression by culture supernatant of B16F10 cells upon lymphocyte activation. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1117-1122. [PMID: 23596479 PMCID: PMC3628224 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to tumor-associated antigens are often detectable in tumor-bearing hosts, but they fail to eliminate malignant cells or prevent development of metastases. Tumor cells produce factors such as interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that suppress the function of immune cells or induce apoptosis of immune cells. Culture supernatant of tumor cells may contain these immunosuppressive factors which suppress lymphocyte activation. CD71 and FasL are two important molecules that are expressed upon lymphocyte activation. Counteraction against suppression CD71 and FasL expression upon lymphocyte activation may benefit tumor control. A potential component with this effect is Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS). In this study, Gl-PS was used on lymphocytes incubating with culture supernatant of B16F10 melanoma cells (B16F10-CS) in the presence of phytohemagglutinin. Following induction with phytohemagglutinin, B16F10-CS suppressed CD71 expression in lymphocytes (as detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry), proliferation in lymphocytes (as detected by MTT assay), and FasL expression in lymphocytes (as detected by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis), while Gl-PS fully or partially counteracted these suppressions. Gl-PS showed counteractive effects against suppression induced by B16F10-CS on CD71 and FasL expression upon lymphocyte activation, suggesting the potential of Gl-PS to facilitate cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000
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Bioavailability and Brain-Targeting of Puerarin by Different Administration Routes in Rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liu CM, Ma JQ, Sun YZ. Puerarin protects the rat liver against oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis induced by lead. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:575-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Yao XJ, Yin JA, Xia YF, Wei ZF, Luo YB, Liu M, Feleder C, Dai Y. Puerarin exerts antipyretic effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in rats involving inhibition of pyrogen production from macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:322-330. [PMID: 22401764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Puerarin is the most abundant isoflavonoid in Radix Puerariae (Gegen), which has been prescribed as a medicinal herb for treating fever in China for a long history. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed at evaluating the antipyretic effect of puerarin and revealing the related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever in rats was used to assess the antipyretic effect of puerarin. After an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100μg/kg), body temperature was tested every 30min up to 8h. Different doses of puerarin (25, 50, 100mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered 30min before LPS injection. In vitro, LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were treated with various concentrations of puerarin (25-200μM). The pyrogenic mediators, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and nitric oxide (NO), were examined on both transcription and expression levels. Furthermore, the influences of the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by puerarin were assayed by western blot. RESULTS The intraperitoneal administration of puerarin at test doses clearly demonstrated apparent antipyretic effect through the declines in body temperature elevated by LPS in rats. The in vitro data showed that puerarin inhibited the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, PGE(2) and NO; moreover, the RT-PCR analysis and the western blot analysis indicated that puerarin regulated the transcriptional level via suppression of NF-κB activation and blockade of MAPK signal pathway. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the antipyretic property of puerarin might result, at least in part, from an inhibition of endogenous pyrogen production and expression. Taken in this sense, our findings provide an explanation for puerarin acting as an important constituent in Gegen, thus, provide scientific basis for the wide use of Radix Puerariae in China as a traditional antipyretic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Puerarin protects rat kidney from lead-induced apoptosis by modulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 258:330-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zeng A, Xing J, Wang C, Song J, Li C, Yang X, Yang G. Simultaneous analysis and retention behavior of major isoflavonoids in Radix Puerariae lobatae and Radix Puerariae thomsonii by high performance liquid chromatography with cyclodextrins as a mobile phase modifier. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 712:145-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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42
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Sun LX, Chen LH, Lin ZB, Qin Y, Zhang JQ, Yang J, Ma J, Ye T, Li WD. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on IEC-6 cell proliferation, migration and morphology of differentiation benefiting intestinal epithelium healing in vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:1595-603. [PMID: 22060291 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Restoration of epithelial continuity in the intestinal surface after extensive destruction is important since intestinal epithelial cells stand as a boundary between the body's internal and external environment. Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (Gl-PS) may benefit intestinal epithelial wound healing in different aspects, which awaits clarification. To identify potential effects, a non-transformed small-intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-6 cells, was used. METHODS Effects on epithelial cell proliferation, migration, morphology of differentiation and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) protein expression, as well as the cellular ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA and c-Myc mRNA expression, were assessed, respectively, by MTT assay, wound model in vitro, observation under a microscope after hematoxylin and eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. KEY FINDINGS It was shown that Gl-PS stimulated IEC-6 cell proliferation and migration significantly in a dose-dependent manner; 10 µg/ml Gl-PS improved the morphology of differentiation in IEC-6 cells. Inefficacy in expression of TGF-β in IEC-6 cells indicated a possible TGF-β independent action of Gl-PS. However, Gl-PS increased ODC mRNA and c-Myc mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, indicating, at least partially possible involvement of ODC and c-Myc gene expression in improvement of intestinal wound healing. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the potential usefulness of Gl-PS to cure intestinal disorders characterized by injury and ineffective repair of the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
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Paris D, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Bachmeier C, Reed J, Ait-Ghezala G, Bishop A, Chao J, Mathura V, Crawford F, Mullan M. Anatabine lowers Alzheimer's Aβ production in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:384-91. [PMID: 21958873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain Aβ accumulation represents a key pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated the impact of anatabine, a minor alkaloid present in plants of the Solanacea family on Aβ production in vitro using a cell line overexpressing the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and in vivo using a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. In vitro, anatabine lowers Aβ₁₋₄₀ and Aβ₁₋₄₂ levels in a dose dependent manner and reduces sAPPβ production without impacting sAPPα levels suggesting that anatabine lowers Aβ production by mainly impacting the β-cleavage of APP. Additionally, we show that anatabine lowers NFκB activation at doses that inhibit Aβ production in vitro. Since NFκB is known to regulate BACE-1 expression (the rate limiting enzyme responsible for Aβ production), we determined the impact of anatabine on BACE-1 transcription. We show that anatabine inhibits BACE-1 transcription and reduces BACE-1 protein levels in human neuronal like SHSY-5Y cells suggesting that the Aβ lowering properties of anatabine are mediated via a regulation of BACE-1 expression. In vivo, we show that an acute treatment with anatabine for four days significantly lowers brain soluble Aβ₁₋₄₀ and Aβ₁₋₄₂ levels in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Altogether our data suggest that anatabine may represent an interesting compound for regulating brain Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paris
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA.
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Zeng Y, Song JX, Shen XC. Herbal Remedies Supply a Novel Prospect for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: A Review of Current Mechanism Studies. Phytother Res 2011; 26:159-67. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology; Guiyang Medical University; Guiyang; China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam; Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang-Chun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology; Guiyang Medical University; Guiyang; China
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Liu CM, Ma JQ, Sun YZ. Protective role of puerarin on lead-induced alterations of the hepatic glutathione antioxidant system and hyperlipidemia in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:3119-27. [PMID: 22001170 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin (PU), a natural flavonoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of puerarin on hepatic oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in rats exposed to lead. Our data showed that puerarin significantly prevented lead-induced hepatotoxicity, indicated by both diagnostic indicators of liver damage (serum aminotransferase levels) and histopathological analysis. Moreover, lead-induced profound elevation of ROS production and oxidative stress, as evidenced by increasing of lipid peroxidation level, reducing of GPx, GST, GR and GCL activities and depleting of intracellular reduced GSH level in liver, were suppressed by treatment with puerarin. Furthermore, the increase of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL induced by lead was effectively suppressed by puerarin. The HDL level in the lead treatment rats was also increased by puerarin. Western blot analysis showed that puerarin remarkably inhibited hyperlipidemia by regulating the expression of cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) in liver of lead treated rats. Altogether, these results suggest that puerarin could protect the lead-induced liver injury and hyperlipidemia by reducing ROS production, renewing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and influencing expression of hepatic lipid biosynthesis and metabolism genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Min Liu
- School of Life Science, Xuzhou Normal University, No. 101, Shanghai Road, Tangshan New Area, Xuzhou City 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Li X, Zhang J, Gao Y, Yang Y, Xu C, Li G, Guo G, Liu S, Xie J, Liang S. Puerarin alleviates burn-related procedural pain mediated by P2X(3) receptors. Purinergic Signal 2011; 7:489-97. [PMID: 21833698 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a major problem after burns. Procedural pain evoked by burn dressing changes is common in patients, and its management is a critical part of treatment in acute burn injuries. Burn pain is very likely the most difficult form of acute pain to treat. ATP contributes to inflammation, and ATP is implicated in peripheral pain signaling via actions upon P2X(3) receptors. Puerarin is extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine and may act on P2X(3) receptor mechanisms. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) has been shown to be a sensitive indicator of pain intensity and treatment effects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are involved in nociception or pain after burn injury. Burn patients were randomly divided into normal saline (NS) group (salt solution is saline) and puerarin-treated group and pain (Visual Analogue Scale scores) and inflammation (PBMCs) measured. Burn pain produces a stress response, so blood glucose, insulin, and cortisol levels in burn patients were determined. Furthermore, the expression of P2X(3) protein and mRNA in PBMCs was detected. The VAS scores in the puerarin-treated group were lower than those in NS group. The blood glucose, insulin, and cortisol levels in the puerarin-treated group at post-dressing changes were significantly decreased in comparison with those in NS group. The expression levels of P2X(3) protein and mRNA in PBMCs of burn patients in NS group were significantly increased in comparison with those in the puerarin-treated group. Puerarin can antagonize inflammatory factors (such as ATP) and decrease the upregulated expressions of P2X(3) protein and mRNA in PBMCs after burns to decrease VAS. Thus, puerarin had an analgesic effect on procedural pain in dressing changes of burn patients related to P2X(3) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
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Puerarin inhibits iNOS, COX-2 and CRP expression via suppression of NF-κB activation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:781-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sun LX, Lin ZB, Duan XS, Lu J, Ge ZH, Li XJ, Li M, Xing EH, Jia J, Lan TF, Li WD. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides antagonize the suppression on lymphocytes induced by culture supernatants of B16F10 melanoma cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:725-35. [PMID: 21492175 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Tumour cells produce factors such as interleukin 10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that suppress the function of immune cells or induce apoptosis of immune cells. One of the most important goals of tumour immunotherapy is to antagonize this suppression on immune cells. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS) may have this potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the antagonistic effects of Gl-PS on the suppression induced by B16F10 melanoma cell culture supernatant (B16F10-CS) on lymphocytes.
Methods
Gl-PS was used on lymphocytes incubated with B16F10-CS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of IL-10, TGF-β1 and VEGF in B16F10-CS. The MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation of lymphocytes. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot assay were used to determine perforin and granzyme B production in lymphocytes.
Key findings
There were elevated levels of IL-10, TGF-β1 and VEGF in B16F10-CS. The lymphocyte proliferation, and perforin and granzyme B production in lymphocytes after induction with phytohemagglutinin, as well as lymphocyte proliferation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction, were suppressed by B16F10-CS. This suppression was fully or partially antagonized by Gl-PS.
Conclusions
B16F10-CS suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and perforin and granzyme B production in lymphocytes after induction with phytohemagglutinin, as well as lymphocyte proliferation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. This suppression may be associated with elevated levels of immunosuppressive IL-10, TGF-β1 and VEGF in B16F10-CS. Gl-PS had antagonistic effects on the immunosuppression induced by B16F10-CS, suggesting the potential for Gl-PS in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Suo Duan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Ge
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - En-Hong Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Tian-Fei Lan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wong KH, Li GQ, Li KM, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Chan K. Kudzu root: traditional uses and potential medicinal benefits in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:584-607. [PMID: 21315814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Kudzu root (Gegen in Chinese) is the dried root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, a semi-woody, perennial and leguminous vine native to South East Asia. It is often used interchangeably in traditional Chinese medicine with thomson kudzu root (Fengen in Chinese), the dried root of P. thomsonii, although the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has separated them into two monographs since the 2005 edition. For more than 2000 years, kudzu root has been used as a herbal medicine for the treatment of fever, acute dysentery, diarrhoea, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Both English and Chinese literatures on the traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicology, quality control and potential interactions with conventional drugs of both species have been included in the present review. Over seventy phytochemicals have been identified in kudzu root, with isoflavonoids and triterpenoids as the major constituents. Isoflavonoids, in particular puerarin, have been used in most of the pharmacological studies. Animal and cellular studies have provided support for the traditional uses of kudzu root on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and endocrine systems, including diabetes and its complications. Further studies to define the active phytochemical compositions, quality standards and clinical efficacy are warranted. Strong interdisciplinary collaboration to bridge the gap between traditional medicine and modern biomedical medicine is therefore needed for the development of kudzu root as an effective medicine for the management of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka H Wong
- Herbal Medicines Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Abstract
Diabetes is usually associated with inflammation. Inflammation contributes to the development of diabetes. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) play an important role in lowering blood glucose and controlling inflammation. Many studies show that TCM with hypoglycaemic effects, for example Radix Astragali, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Trichosanthis, Panax Ginseng, Fructus Schisandrae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Radix Puerariae, Fructus Lycii, Poria, Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Rhizoma Polygonati, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Trigonellae, Momordica charantia, Allium sativum, Opuntia stricta, Aloe vera, Cortex Cinnamomi, Rhizoma Curcumae Longae, and so on, have nearly independent anti-inflammatory action. Antihyperglycaemic compounds, for example berberine, puerarin, quercetin, ferulic acid, astragaloside IV, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, resveratrol, tetrandrine, glycyrrhizin, emodin and baicalin, used in TCM also have anti-inflammatory effects. These studies suggest that TCM might exert hypoglycaemic effects that are partly mediated by the anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, small amounts of TCM with potent anti-inflammatory action does not have any hypoglycaemic effect. This indirectly indicates that diabetes may be a low-grade inflammatory disease and potent regulation of inflammatory mediators may not be required. Studies of TCM add new evidences, which indicate that diabetes may be an inflammatory disease and slight or moderate inhibition of inflammation might be useful to prevent the development of diabetes. Through this review, we aim to develop more perspectives to indicate that diabetes may be an inflammatory disease and diverse TCM may share a common antidiabetic property: anti-inflammatory action. Further studies should focus on and validate inflammation-regulating targets of TCM that may be involved in inhibiting the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xie
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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