Effectiveness of a condom use educational program developed on the basis of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model

Development and feasibility of an oral health e-learning program for long-term Japanese overseas workers: a pilot randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an oral health self-care e-learning intervention for overseas workers as well as the research procedures for a future controlled trial.

METHODS

We randomly allocated participants to either the intervention (n = 48) or control (n = 51) group. The intervention group received a standardized leaflet plus a theory-based oral health e-learning program. The control group received only the standardized leaflet. We assessed health behaviour related to fluoride toothpaste use, oral care knowledge, motivation, oral care self-efficacy, and oral health related quality of life (QoL). Chi-square and t test analyses were performed to make comparisons between the two groups. To evaluate the research process, participants in the intervention group were asked open-ended questions to assess the acceptability and feasibility of the research procedures in practice.

RESULTS

A total of 82 participants (Intervention = 36, Control = 46) were included in the analysis. The dropout rate was 17.2%. The modal time taken to complete the e-learning intervention was more than 30 min (33.3%). Of the 36 respondents in the intervention group, 27 (70.4%) said that the e-learning intervention had changed their behaviour. At the three months follow-up, oral care knowledge alone was improved in the e-learning group.

CONCLUSION

This pilot study provides evidence that the theory-based self-care for oral health e-learning intervention is feasible in overseas workers. Next, this feasible and acceptable pilot study should be used with an appropriate sample size in a randomized controlled trial.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The trial protocol was registered with UMIN-CTR (ID: UMIN000045883) on 27/10/2021.

Effects of Information, Motivation, Behavioral Skills Model on Urinary Incontinence in Men With Overactive Bladder and Urge Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intervention based on and information, motivation, behavioral skills (IMB) model on urinary incontinence symptoms, impact on daily activities, and incontinence-specific quality of life in men with overactive bladder dysfunction (OAB) and urge incontinence.

DESIGN

Parallel-group, open-label, randomized-controlled clinical trial.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING

The sample comprised 60 male patients admitted to the urology clinic of a training and research hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Inclusion criteria were adult men older than 18 years and diagnosed with OAB and urge incontinence.

METHODS

Data were collected from February 2018 to February 2019. Participants were randomized into 2 equal groups. The intervention group (n = 30) received a structured intervention based on the IMB model, and a control group (n = 30) received standard OAB management. The primary outcome was severity of urge incontinence measured by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Secondary outcomes were mean scores on the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7), and Urinary Incontinence Information Rating. All outcome measures were evaluated before and 6 months after the training.

RESULTS

Following the intervention, mean ICIQ-SF scores were significantly lower in the IMB model group as compared to the control group. Analysis revealed a significant increase in knowledge scores in both groups when baseline scores were compared to postintervention scores (P = .000 for the intervention group and P = .004 for the control group). The intervention group participants also had a higher postintervention scores when compared to control group subjects (P = .000).

CONCLUSIONS

A structured behavioral intervention based on the IMB model significantly alleviated the severity of bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms in adult males with OAB and urge incontinence when compared to standard care.

Testing the Interpersonal-Behavior model to explain intentions to use patient-delivered partner therapy

Background

Patient-delivered partner therapy (PDPT) is an evidence-based method of partner treatment, but further research was needed to understand theoretical underpinnings of potential PDPT use.

Purpose

We sought to develop and test a theoretical framework to understand PDPT intentions.

Methods

A Midwestern sample of sexually transmitted infection clinic patients were recruited to participate in a three-phase study incorporating semi-structured interviews (n = 20, total), cognitive interviews (n = 5), and surveys (n = 197; M_age = 31.3, 61% male, 91% Black or African-American). Thematic analysis was conducted to identify major themes, which guided development and testing of a theoretical framework on PDPT intentions using structural equation modeling.

Results

We identified themes of information (knowledge); motivation (individual and partner protection beliefs, partner and provider motivation-to-comply); social support (sexual health and general); and behavioral skills (partner notification, medication delivery, and communication skills self-efficacy) in thematic analysis. The developed Interpersonal-Behavior model demonstrated good model fit in structural equation modeling [χ2(36) = 95.56, p<0.01; RMSEA = 0.09 (0.07–0.11, 90%C.I.); CFI = 0.94; SRMR = 0.05]. Information was associated with motivation (β = 0.37, p<0.001) and social support (β = 0.23, p = 0.002). Motivation was associated with social support (β = 0.64, p<0.001) and behavioral skills (β = 0.40, p<0.001), and social support was associated with behavioral skills (β = 0.23, p = 0.025). Behavioral skills were associated with higher PDPT intentions (β = 0.31, p<0.001), partially mediated the association of motivation with intentions (β_direct = 0.53, p<0.001; β_indirect = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.03–0.30), and fully mediated the association of social support with intentions (β_indirect = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.00–0.21).

Conclusions

The Interpersonal-Behavior model seems appropriate for PDPT intentions but should be tested longitudinally with PDPT outcomes and other interpersonal health behaviors.

The Psychological Models of Health-related Behavior in Understanding Sugars Intake in Adults: A Review

Free sugars intake plays a major role in dental caries formation and other general health issues such as obesity. Therefore, interventions, which assist individuals or populations in the control of their free sugars intake, are of central importance in caries prevention strategies. There is good evidence that behavioral interventions benefit from a foundation in conceptual theories of behavior change founded on empirical data. In this review, we discuss the future application of seven theories, including six common psychological theories in predicting and developing interventions to reduce free sugars intake related to dental caries among adults. For each model, we summarize its key features and the data derived from its application in general and oral health settings and make recommendations for future research. We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, PubMed, and Embase databases to identify items dealing with dental caries, adults, sugars intake, and six psychological theories. These included the Transtheoretical Model of Change, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, PRIME Theory, and Behavior Change Wheel theories. We searched literature published in the last 10 years, and priority was given to systematic reviews and randomized control trials. Although there is extensive literature on the application of the six psychological theories, there is a gap in knowledge about their effectiveness in reducing free sugars intake related to dental caries among adults. There is a need for better-designed trials of interventions based on the clear operationalization of psychological constructs to reduce sugars intake among the adult population.

Evaluation of Factors Associated with Sexual Function in Infertile Women

Background

Infertility is a major and problem influencing different aspects of couples life, especially those of women. Sexual dysfunction is the silent partner of infertility. This study aimed to identify the above-mentioned factors to make necessary decisions and perform efficient interventions to improve the sexual health of infertile women. This study investigated the factors influencing sexual dysfunction in infertile women in Mashhad, Iran.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 85 infertile women visiting governmental Infertility Clinic and Research Center in Mashhad, Iran. The convenience sampling method was used in this study. The research tools included a demographic and infertility information form, a sexual self-efficacy questionnaire based on Schwarzer’s General Self-Efficacy Scale, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication, and Happiness (ENRICH) Marital Satisfaction Scale. The descriptive statistical tests and logistic regression method were used to analyze data.

Results

The mean age of women was 31.18 ± 5.56 years old. The majority of participants (36.7%) had higher educa- tions, and 60% of them were housewives. Most of their husbands (49.4%) were self-employed. The mean period of infertility awareness was 6.02 ± 4.47 years, and the mean period of infertility treatment was 4.11 ± 4.46 years. The following variables influenced the sexual function of infertile women: sexual self-efficacy, sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, the educational level of both wife and husband, income, satisfaction with spouse appearance, and the high costs of infertility treatment.

Conclusion

The findings indicated that some factors such as sexual self-efficacy, marital satisfaction, sexual satisfac- tion, education, and cost of infertility treatment are associated with sexual function in infertile women.

Effectiveness of a Brief Multi-Component Intervention to HIV Prevention Among Spanish Youth

The greater rate of HIV infection occurs before age 30 in Spain. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term impact of a brief HIV preventive intervention on key sexual risk behavior components in Spanish young population. Participants were 467 young people aged 18-25 years who participated in B-PAPY intervention. They were evaluated at four times: a week, a month, three months and one year after intervention. A self-administered instrument was used. It was found a significant increase from pre-test to follow-ups in HIV knowledge, HIV susceptibility perception, confidence in condom and use of condoms. There were decreases statistically significant in the perceived severity of AIDS. The HIV intervention showed effectiveness over time in the main risk variables for HIV infection. Brief multi-component HIV interventions would be a useful resource to generalize HIV prevention.

Conspiracy beliefs and knowledge about HIV origins among adolescents in Soweto, South Africa

Purpose

We examined adolescents’ knowledge regarding the origin of HIV/AIDS and correlates of beliefs surrounding conspiracy theories in Soweto, South Africa. Now, a decade post-AIDS denialism, South Africa has the largest antiretroviral therapy roll-out worldwide. However, conspiracy theories stemming from past AIDS denialism may impact HIV prevention and treatment efforts.

Methods

Study participants were recruited through the Kganya Motsha Adolescent Health Centre and the Perinatal HIV Research Unit’s Botsha Bophelo Adolescent Health Study (BBAHS). Adolescents were eligible to participate if aged 14–19 years and living in Soweto. We calculated the proportion of adolescents who correctly believed that HIV originated from non-human primates, and used contingency table analysis and logistic regression modeling to describe correlates associated with accurate knowledge and beliefs in conspiracy theories.

Results

Of 830 adolescents, 168 (20.2%) participants correctly identified HIV as originating from chimpanzees and one third (n = 71, 8.6%) believed in a conspiracy theory about the origins of HIV, including that it originated from the US government (2.3%), the pharmaceutical industry (2.2%), a vaccine (2.1%), space (1.5%), and a scientist (0.6%). Participants who were more likely to correctly identify the origin of HIV were older, men, and unemployed. Participants who were men, unemployed or students, and who had a parent or close relative who had died of HIV, were more likely to believe in a conspiracy theory regarding the origins of HIV.

Conclusions

Adolescents living in Soweto did not have high levels of accurate knowledge regarding the origins of HIV/AIDS and conspiracy beliefs were present among a small minority of participants. Accurate knowledge of the origins of HIV and debunking myths are important for improving uptake of HIV prevention tools in this population.

What Works Well in HIV Prevention Among Spanish Young People? An Analysis of Differential Effectiveness Among Six Intervention Techniques

The AIDS epidemic remains a concern of public health among young people and adolescents. Prevention programs have revealed diverse deficiencies to attain their main goal: preventing risky behaviors. This experimental study evaluates the differential effectiveness of six intervention techniques for preventing HIV/AIDS based on informational-motivational-behavioral Model (talk, website, attitudinal discussion, participation of a seropositive person, fear induction and role play). 239 Spanish young people took part in an experimental design to evaluate six intervention techniques and a non-intervention condition, through changes in their knowledge, attitudes and protective sex behavior. Our findings support a general effectiveness of preventive intervention techniques comparing non-intervention. In particular, the motivational techniques reveal more effectiveness for these Spanish young people. Therefore, it is required identifying a differential impact of the intervention techniques when implementing HIV behavioral interventions.