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Wakasugi D, Kondo S, Ferdousi F, Mizuno S, Yada A, Tominaga K, Takahashi S, Isoda H. A rare olive compound oleacein functions as a TrkB agonist and mitigates neuroinflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:309. [PMID: 38835076 PMCID: PMC11151522 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is widely acknowledged as a characteristic feature of almost all neurological disorders and specifically in depression- and anxiety-like disorders. In recent years, there has been significant attention on natural compounds with potent anti-inflammatory effects due to their potential in mitigating neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity. METHODS In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of oleacein (OC), a rare secoiridoid derivative found in extra virgin olive oil. Our goal was to explore the BDNF/TrkB neurotrophic activity of OC and subsequently assess its potential for modulating neuroinflammatory response using human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y cells) and an in vivo model of depression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation. RESULTS In SH-SY5Y cells, OC exhibited a significant dose-dependent increase in BDNF expression. This enhancement was absent when cells were co-treated with inhibitors of BDNF's receptor TrkB, as well as downstream molecules PI3K and MEK. Whole-transcriptomics analysis revealed that OC upregulated cell cycle-related genes under normal conditions, while downregulating inflammation-associated genes in LPS-induced conditions. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays demonstrated that OC exhibited a stronger and more stable binding affinity to TrkB compared to the positive control, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. Importantly, bioluminescence imaging revealed that a single oral dose of OC significantly increased BDNF expression in the brains of Bdnf-IRES-AkaLuc mice. Furthermore, oral administration of OC at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight for 10 days significantly reduced immobility time in the tail suspension test compared to the LPS-treated group. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that OC significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines Tnfα, Il6, and Il1β, while simultaneously enhancing Bdnf expression, as well as both pro and mature BDNF protein levels in mice hippocampus. These changes were comparable to those induced by the positive control antidepressant drug fluoxetine. Additionally, microarray analysis of mouse brains confirmed that OC could counteract LPS-induced inflammatory biological events. CONCLUSION Altogether, our study represents the first report on the potential antineuroinflammatory and antidepressant properties of OC via modulation of BDNF/TrkB neurotrophic activity. This finding underscores the potential of OC as a natural therapeutic agent for depression- and anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Wakasugi
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shinji Kondo
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC) in Transborder Medical Research Center (TMRC), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Yada
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0821, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tominaga
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0821, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC) in Transborder Medical Research Center (TMRC), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0821, Japan.
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Roussel-Gervais A, Sgroi S, Cambet Y, Lemeille S, Seredenina T, Krause KH, Jaquet V. Genetic knockout of NTRK2 by CRISPR/Cas9 decreases neurogenesis and favors glial progenitors during differentiation of neural progenitor stem cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1289966. [PMID: 38161998 PMCID: PMC10757602 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1289966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) is encoded by the NTRK2 gene. It belongs to the family of transmembrane tyrosine kinases, which have key roles in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the neurotrophins NT3 and NT4/5 have high affinity for TrkB. Dysregulation of TrkB is associated to a large spectrum of diseases including neurodegeneration, psychiatric diseases and some cancers. The function of TrkB and its role in neural development have mainly been decrypted using transgenic mouse models, pharmacological modulators and human neuronal cell lines overexpressing NTRK2. In this study, we identified high expression and robust activity of TrkB in ReNcell VM, an immortalized human neural progenitor stem cell line and generated NTRK2-deficient (NTRK2-/-) ReNcell VM using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. Global transcriptomic analysis revealed major changes in expression of specific genes responsible for neurogenesis, neuronal development and glial differentiation. In particular, key neurogenic transcription factors were massively down-regulated in NTRK2-/- cells, while early glial progenitor markers were enriched in NTRK2-/- cells compared to NTRK2+/+. This indicates a previously undescribed inhibitory role of TrkB on glial differentiation in addition to its well-described pro-neurogenesis role. Altogether, we have generated for the first time a human neural cell line with a loss-of-function mutation of NTRK2, which represents a reproducible and readily available cell culture system to study the role of TrkB during human neural differentiation, analyze the role of TrkB isoforms as well as validate TrkB antibodies and pharmacological agents targeting the TrkB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Roussel-Gervais
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Sgroi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Cambet
- READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Seredenina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Luo Y, Ali T, Liu Z, Gao R, Li A, Yang C, Ling L, He L, Li S. EPO prevents neuroinflammation and relieves depression via JAK/STAT signaling. Life Sci 2023; 333:122102. [PMID: 37769806 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein cytokine that exerts therapeutic potential on neurological disorders by promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis. However, its role as an antidepressant via anti-inflammatory axes is poorly explored. Furthermore, chronic inflammation can induce neuroinflammation, concurrent with depressive-like behaviors that anti-inflammatory and antidepressant agents could avert. Here, we aimed to elucidate the antidepressant potential of Erythropoietin (EPO) in the LPS-induced depression model. MAIN METHODS For in vivo analysis, mice were treated with LPS (2 mg/kg BW), Erythropoietin (EPO) (5000 U/kg/day), (Ruxolitinib,15 mg/kg), and K252a (25 μg/kg). Depressive-like behaviors were confirmed via behavior tests, including OFT, FST, SPT, and TST. Cytokines were measured via ELISA, while IBA-1/GFAP expression was determined by immunofluorescence. Further, the desired gene expression was measured by immunoblotting. For in vitro analysis, BV2 and N2a cell lines were cultured, treated with LPS, EPO, Ruxolitinib, and K252a, collected, and analyzed. KEY FINDINGS LPS treatment significantly induced neuroinflammation accompanied by depression-like behaviors in mice. However, EPO treatment rescued LPS-induced changes by averting cytokine production, secretion, and glial cell activation and reducing depressive-like behaviors in mice. Surprisingly, EPO treatment ameliorated LPS-induced JAK2/STAT5 signaling impairment, as validated by JAK2-antagonism. Furthermore, synaptic and dendritic spine defects and BNDF/TrkB signaling upon LPS administration could be prevented by EPO treatment. SIGNIFICANCE EPO could act as an antidepressant via its anti-inflammatory potential by regulating JAK2/STAT5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Tahir Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
| | - Zizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ruyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Axiang Li
- Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bio-Evidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Canyu Yang
- Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bio-Evidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School and Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Liufang He
- Pediatrics Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Casanova MR, Mota P, Vala H, Nóbrega C, Morais ADS, Silva CS, Barros AA, Reis RL, Lima E, Martins A, Neves NM. Functional recovery of injured cavernous nerves achieved through endogenous nerve growth factor-containing bioactive fibrous membrane. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:416-428. [PMID: 37467838 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Radical prostatectomy is a highly successful treatment for prostate cancer, among the most prevalent manifestations of the illness. Damage of the cavernous nerve (CN) during prostatectomy is the main cause of postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED). In this study, the capability of a personalized bioactive fibrous membrane to regenerate injured CN was investigated. The fibrous membrane bioactivity is conferred by the selectively bound nerve growth factor (NGF) present in the rat urine. In a rat model of bilateral CN crush, the implanted bioactive fibrous membrane induces CN regeneration and restoration of erectile function, showing a significantly increased number of smooth muscle cells and content of endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthases (eNOS; nNOS). In addition, the bioactive fibrous membrane promotes nerve regeneration by increasing the number of myelinated axons and nNOS-positive cells, therefore reversing the CN fibrosis found in untreated rats or rats treated with a bare fibrous membrane. Therefore, this personalized regenerative strategy could overcome the recognized drawbacks of currently available treatments for CN injuries. It may constitute an effective treatment for prostate cancer patients suffering from ED after being subject to radical prostatectomy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The present work introduces a unique strategy to address post-surgical ED resulting from CN injury during pelvic surgery (e.g., radical prostatectomy, radical cystoprostatectomy, abdominoperineal resection). It comprises a bioactive and cell-free fibrous implant, customized to enhance CN recovery. Pre-clinical results in a rat model of bilateral CN crush demonstrated that the bioactive fibrous implant can effectively heal injured CN, and restore penile structure and function. This implant selectively binds NGF from patient fluids (i.e. urine) due to its functionalized surface and high surface area. Moreover, its local implantation reduces adverse side effects. This tailored regenerative approach has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of ED in prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy, overcoming current treatment limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta R Casanova
- 3B's Research Group; I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics - University of Minho, European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Headquarters, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra - Avepark, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Mota
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; Department of Urology, Hospital of Braga, E.P.E, Braga, Portugal
| | - Helena Vala
- Agrarian Superior School of Viseu (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu 3500-606, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - Carmen Nóbrega
- Agrarian Superior School of Viseu (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu 3500-606, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - Alain da Silva Morais
- 3B's Research Group; I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics - University of Minho, European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Headquarters, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra - Avepark, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina S Silva
- 3B's Research Group; I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics - University of Minho, European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Headquarters, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra - Avepark, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandre A Barros
- 3B's Research Group; I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics - University of Minho, European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Headquarters, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra - Avepark, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group; I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics - University of Minho, European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Headquarters, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra - Avepark, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Estevão Lima
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; Department of Urology, Hospital of Braga, E.P.E, Braga, Portugal
| | - Albino Martins
- 3B's Research Group; I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics - University of Minho, European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Headquarters, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra - Avepark, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3B's Research Group; I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics - University of Minho, European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Headquarters, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra - Avepark, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal.
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Xi YJ, Wen R, Zhang R, Dong QR, Zhang HY, Su QY, Zhang SX. Causal association between JAK2 and erectile dysfunction: a Mendelian randomization study. Basic Clin Androl 2023; 33:18. [PMID: 37407943 PMCID: PMC10324256 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-023-00192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most critical proteins in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is involved in many biological processes and diseases. Several observational studies have reported the role of JAK2 in erectile dysfunction. However, the causal relationship between JAK2 and erectile dysfunction remains unclear. Here we investigated the causal relationship between JAK2 and erectile dysfunction. RESULTS Genetically predicted JAK2 was causally associated with erectile dysfunction in inverse variance weighting (OR = 1.109, 95% CI = 1.029-1.196, p = 0.007) and weighted median method (OR = 1.117, 95% CI = 1.003-1.245, p = 0.044). No heterogeneity was observed in Cochran Q-test (p = 0.855) and MR-PRESSO (p = 0.866). Pleiotropy was not observed in our study (p = 0.617). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlighted JAK2 as a risk factor for erectile dysfunction and proved the causal relationship between JAK2 and erectile dysfunction, suggesting that targeting JAK2 signaling might be a novel and promising therapeutic candidate in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Xi
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wen
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Rui Dong
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - He-Yi Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Yi Su
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, P.R. China.
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P.R. China.
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Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) that surround sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system ganglia originate from neural crest cells. Although several studies have focused on SGCs, the origin and characteristics of SGCs are unknown, and their lineage remains unidentified. Traditionally, it has been considered that SGCs regulate the environment around neurons under pathological conditions, and perform functions of supporting, nourishing, and protecting neurons. However, recent studies demonstrated that SGCs may have the characteristics of stem cells. After nerve injury, SGCs up-regulate the expression of stem cell markers and can differentiate into functional sensory neurons. Moreover, SGCs express several markers of Schwann cell precursors and Schwann cells, such as CDH19, MPZ, PLP1, SOX10, ERBB3, and FABP7. Schwann cell precursors have also been proposed as a potential source of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. The similarity in function and markers suggests that SGCs may represent a subgroup of Schwann cell precursors. Herein, we discuss the roles and functions of SGCs, and the lineage relationship between SGCs and Schwann cell precursors. We also describe a new perspective on the roles and functions of SGCs. In the DRG located on the posterior root of spinal nerves, satellite glial cells wrap around each sensory neuron to form an anatomically and functionally distinct unit with the sensory neurons. Following nerve injury, satellite glial cells up-regulate the expression of progenitor markers, and can differentiate into neurons.
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Tan X, Zhao L, Tang Y. The Function of BDNF and Its Receptor in the Male Genitourinary System and Its Potential Clinical Application. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 45:110-121. [PMID: 36661494 PMCID: PMC9856797 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as a member of the nerve growth factor family, has been mentioned more and more frequently in recent literature reports. Among them, content about the male genitourinary system is also increasing. Objective and Rationale: BDNF plays an important role in the male genitourinary system. At the same time, the literature in this field is constantly increasing. Therefore, we systematically summarized the literature in order to more intuitively show the function of BDNF and its receptor in the male genitourinary system and its potential clinical application. Search Methods: An electronic search of, e.g., PubMed, scholar.google and Scopus, for articles relating to BDNF and its receptor in the male genitourinary system. Outcomes: In the male genitourinary system, BDNF and its receptors TrkB and p75 participate in a series of normal physiological activities, such as the maturation and morphogenesis of testes and epididymis and maintenance of isolated sperm motility. Similarly, an imbalance of the circulating concentration of BDNF also mediates the pathophysiological process of many diseases, such as prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, male infertility, diabetes erectile dysfunction, penile sclerosis, and bladder fibrosis. As a consequence, we conclude that BDNF and its receptor are key regulatory proteins in the male genitourinary system, which can be used as potential therapeutic targets and markers for disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tan
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 510275, China
| | - Liangyu Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 510275, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 510275, China
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Fan Y, Wu H, Xiong L, Luo F, Li Q, Wang D, Zhong T. Maizediterpene D from the roots of Zea mays L. alleviates hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress and improves cell survival by activation of TrkB/IGF-1R crosstalk pathways. Fitoterapia 2022; 163:105314. [PMID: 36174847 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The ent-kaurane diterpenoid enriched fraction (EDEF) of maize root was isolated and purified, and 10 compounds, including 4 ent-kaurane diterpenoids, were isolated and identified. We evaluated their neuroprotective properties in vitro for the first time using an H2O2-induced oxidative damage model in SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed that pretreatment with maizediterpene D, a new ent-kaurane diterpenoid isolated from the EDEF, significantly attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis by improving cell survival, reducing ROS production and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, the neuroprotective effect of maizediterpene D was confirmed to be related to the dual activation of IGF-1R and BDNF/TrkB crosstalk pathways. Our findings suggest that the EDEF and its active constituent maizediterpene D had good neuroprotective properties and could serve as potential candidates for the development of therapeutic drugs for oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanHua Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China.; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China.
| | - HongShan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China.; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China.; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China.; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China.; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - DaoPing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China.; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Ting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China.; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China.
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Randolph JT, Pak ES, McMains JC, Koontz BF, Hannan JL. Cocultured Schwann Cells Rescue Irradiated Pelvic Neuron Outgrowth and Increase Survival. J Sex Med 2022; 19:1333-1342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Guo J, Hai H, Ma Y. Application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in nervous system diseases: A review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:963849. [PMID: 36062022 PMCID: PMC9428455 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.963849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and their therapeutic options remain limited. Recent animal and clinical studies have shown the potential of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) as an innovative, safe, and cost-effective option to treat neurological disorders. Moreover, the cellular and molecular mechanism of ESWT has been proposed to better understand the regeneration and repairment of neurological disorders by ESWT. In this review, we discuss the principles of ESWT, the animal and clinical studies involving the use of ESWT to treat central and peripheral nervous system diseases, and the proposed cellular and molecular mechanism of ESWT. We also discuss the challenges encountered when applying ESWT to the human brain and spinal cord and the new potential applications of ESWT in treating neurological disorders.
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Azman KF, Zakaria R. Recent Advances on the Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126827. [PMID: 35743271 PMCID: PMC9224343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are essential for neuronal survival and growth. The signaling cascades initiated by BDNF and its receptor are the key regulators of synaptic plasticity, which plays important role in learning and memory formation. Changes in BDNF levels and signaling pathways have been identified in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease, and have been linked with the symptoms and course of these diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of BDNF in several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. The therapeutic potential of BDNF treatment is also discussed, in the hope of discovering new avenues for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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12
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Mehterov N, Minchev D, Gevezova M, Sarafian V, Maes M. Interactions Among Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neuroimmune Pathways Are Key Components of the Major Psychiatric Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4926-4952. [PMID: 35657457 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the reciprocal associations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and immune-inflammatory pathways and how these links may explain the involvement of this neurotrophin in the immune pathophysiology of mood disorders and schizophrenia. Toward this end, we delineated the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network centered around BDNF and searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for papers dealing with the involvement of BDNF in the major psychosis, neurodevelopment, neuronal functions, and immune-inflammatory and related pathways. The PPI network was built based on the significant interactions of BDNF with neurotrophic (NTRK2, NTF4, and NGFR), immune (cytokines, STAT3, TRAF6), and cell-cell junction (CTNNB, CDH1) DEPs (differentially expressed proteins). Enrichment analysis shows that the most significant terms associated with this PPI network are the tyrosine kinase receptor (TRKR) and Src homology region two domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) pathways, tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathways, positive regulation of kinase and transferase activity, cytokine signaling, and negative regulation of the immune response. The participation of BDNF in the immune response and its interactions with neuroprotective and cell-cell adhesion DEPs is probably a conserved regulatory process which protects against the many detrimental effects of immune activation and hyperinflammation including neurotoxicity. Lowered BDNF levels in mood disorders and schizophrenia (a) are associated with disruptions in neurotrophic signaling and activated immune-inflammatory pathways leading to neurotoxicity and (b) may interact with the reduced expression of other DEPs (CTNNB1, CDH1, or DISC1) leading to multiple aberrations in synapse and axonal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Danail Minchev
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Gevezova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Michael Maes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,Department of Psychiatry, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Role of DNA Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein MeCP2 in Rett Syndrome Pathobiology and Mechanism of Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010075. [PMID: 33429932 PMCID: PMC7827577 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a severe, rare, and progressive developmental disorder with patients displaying neurological regression and autism spectrum features. The affected individuals are primarily young females, and more than 95% of patients carry de novo mutation(s) in the Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 (MECP2) gene. While the majority of RTT patients have MECP2 mutations (classical RTT), a small fraction of the patients (atypical RTT) may carry genetic mutations in other genes such as the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) and FOXG1. Due to the neurological basis of RTT symptoms, MeCP2 function was originally studied in nerve cells (neurons). However, later research highlighted its importance in other cell types of the brain including glia. In this regard, scientists benefitted from modeling the disease using many different cellular systems and transgenic mice with loss- or gain-of-function mutations. Additionally, limited research in human postmortem brain tissues provided invaluable findings in RTT pathobiology and disease mechanism. MeCP2 expression in the brain is tightly regulated, and its altered expression leads to abnormal brain function, implicating MeCP2 in some cases of autism spectrum disorders. In certain disease conditions, MeCP2 homeostasis control is impaired, the regulation of which in rodents involves a regulatory microRNA (miR132) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here, we will provide an overview of recent advances in understanding the underlying mechanism of disease in RTT and the associated genetic mutations in the MECP2 gene along with the pathobiology of the disease, the role of the two most studied protein variants (MeCP2E1 and MeCP2E2 isoforms), and the regulatory mechanisms that control MeCP2 homeostasis network in the brain, including BDNF and miR132.
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14
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Wang D, Lu J, Xu X, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Chen H, Liu J, Shen Y, Zhang H. Satellite Glial Cells Give Rise to Nociceptive Sensory Neurons. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:999-1013. [PMID: 33389681 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons can transmit information about noxious stimulus to cerebral cortex via spinal cord, and play an important role in the pain pathway. Alterations of the pain pathway lead to CIPA (congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis) or chronic pain. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that nerve damage leads to the regeneration of neurons in DRG, which may contribute to pain modulation in feedback. Therefore, exploring the regeneration process of DRG neurons would provide a new understanding to the persistent pathological stimulation and contribute to reshape the somatosensory function. It has been reported that a subpopulation of satellite glial cells (SGCs) express Nestin and p75, and could differentiate into glial cells and neurons, suggesting that SGCs may have differentiation plasticity. Our results in the present study show that DRG-derived SGCs (DRG-SGCs) highly express neural crest cell markers Nestin, Sox2, Sox10, and p75, and differentiate into nociceptive sensory neurons in the presence of histone deacetylase inhibitor VPA, Wnt pathway activator CHIR99021, Notch pathway inhibitor RO4929097, and FGF pathway inhibitor SU5402. The nociceptive sensory neurons express multiple functionally-related genes (SCN9A, SCN10A, SP, Trpv1, and TrpA1) and are able to generate action potentials and voltage-gated Na+ currents. Moreover, we found that these cells exhibited rapid calcium transients in response to capsaicin through binding to the Trpv1 vanilloid receptor, confirming that the DRG-SGC-derived cells are nociceptive sensory neurons. Further, we show that Wnt signaling promotes the differentiation of DRG-SGCs into nociceptive sensory neurons by regulating the expression of specific transcription factor Runx1, while Notch and FGF signaling pathways are involved in the expression of SCN9A. These results demonstrate that DRG-SGCs have stem cell characteristics and can efficiently differentiate into functional nociceptive sensory neurons, shedding light on the clinical treatment of sensory neuron-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Junhou Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- National Guizhou Joint Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yixin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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15
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Kharazi U, Badalzadeh R. A review on the stem cell therapy and an introduction to exosomes as a new tool in reproductive medicine. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:447-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Yin R, Zhao S, Qiu C. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor fused with a collagen-binding domain inhibits neuroinflammation and promotes neurological recovery of traumatic brain injury mice via TrkB signalling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:539-550. [PMID: 32034779 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As one of the vital nutrient factors in central nervous system (CNS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can significantly attenuate neuron damage and promote neurogenesis. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on regulating the effect of BDNF on the inflammatory response after traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS In this study, we used BDNF fused with a collagen-binding domain (CBD-BDNF) to maintain a sufficient concentration of BDNF in the TBI hemisphere, and then, the regulatory effects of BDNF and CBD-BDNF on the inflammatory response of microglia were investigated both on a TBI mice model in vivo and LPS-stimulated microglia experiment in vitro. KEY FINDINGS The results revealed that BDNF and CBD-BDNF had similar effects on attenuating the pro-inflammatory reactions but promoting anti-inflammatory responses of microglia induced by LPS in vitro. Furthermore, CBD-BDNF significantly improved the neurological behaviours of TBI mice and alleviated the inflammatory reaction after TBI, while BDNF had weaker effects compared with those of CBD-BDNF. Additionally, the TrkB inhibitor K252a significantly inhibited the above effects of CBD-BDNF. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CBD-BDNF can promote the anti-inflammatory function of microglia and neurological recovery of TBI mice through TrkB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Shufa Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Caixia Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
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17
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Yang M, Sun JY, Ying CC, Wang Y, Guo YL. Adipose-derived stem cells modified by BDNF gene rescue erectile dysfunction after cavernous nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:120-127. [PMID: 31535660 PMCID: PMC6862402 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.264464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cavernous nerve injury is the main cause of erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy. The recovery of erectile function following radical prostatectomy remains challenging. Our previous studies found that injecting adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into the cavernosa could repair the damaged cavernous nerves, but the erectile function of the treated rats could not be restored to a normal level. We evaluated the efficacy of ADSCs infected with a lentiviral vector encoding rat brain-derived neurotrophic factor (lenti-rBDNF) in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury. The rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups. In the control group, bilateral cavernous nerves were isolated but not injured. In the bilateral cavernous nerve injury group, bilateral cavernous nerves were isolated and injured with a hemostat clamp for 2 minutes. In the ADSCGFP and ADSCrBDNF groups, after injury with a hemostat clamp for 2 minutes, rats were injected with ADSCs infected with lenti-GFP (1 × 106 in 20 μL) and lenti-rBDNF (1 × 106 in 20 μL), respectively. Erectile function was assessed 4 weeks after injury by measuring intracavernosal pressures. Then, penile tissues were collected for histological detection and western blot assay. Results demonstrated that compared with the bilateral cavernous nerve injury group, erectile function was significantly recovered in the ADSCGFP and ADSCrBDNF groups, and to a greater degree in the ADSCrBDNF group. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase content in the dorsal nerves and the ratio of smooth muscle/collagen were significantly higher in the ADSCrBDNF and ADSCGFP groups than in the bilateral cavernous nerve injury group. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression was obviously higher in the ADSCrBDNF group than in the ADSCGFP group. These findings confirm that intracavernous injection with ADSCs infected with lenti-rBDNF can effectively improve erectile dysfunction caused by cavernous nerve injury. This study was approved by the Medical Animal Care and Welfare Committee of Wuhan University, China (approval No. 2017-1638) on June 20, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Ying
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yong-Lian Guo
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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18
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Control of neurite growth and guidance by an inhibitory cell-body signal. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006218. [PMID: 29927943 PMCID: PMC6013027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a functional nervous system requires tight control of neurite growth and guidance by extracellular chemical cues. Neurite growth is astonishingly sensitive to shallow concentration gradients, but a widely observed feature of both growth and guidance regulation, with important consequences for development and regeneration, is that both are only elicited over the same relatively narrow range of concentrations. Here we show that all these phenomena can be explained within one theoretical framework. We first test long-standing explanations for the suppression of the trophic effects of nerve growth factor at high concentrations, and find they are contradicted by experiment. Instead we propose a new hypothesis involving inhibitory signalling among the cell bodies, and then extend this hypothesis to show how both growth and guidance can be understood in terms of a common underlying signalling mechanism. This new model for the first time unifies several key features of neurite growth regulation, quantitatively explains many aspects of experimental data, and makes new predictions about unknown details of developmental signalling.
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19
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Ding XG, Li SW, Zheng XM, Wang XH, Luo Y. Cavernous nerve reconstruction with autologous vein graft and platelet-derived growth factors. Asian J Androl 2018; 19:298-302. [PMID: 26952958 PMCID: PMC5427784 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.175780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using autologous vein graft and platelet-derived growth factors to bridge transected cavernous nerve in a rat model. A short defect in the bilateral cavernous nerve was created and repaired with vein graft from the right jugular vein or vein graft plus platelet-derived growth factors. The 32 rats were divided into four groups, namely Group 1 - no repair as a negative control, Group 2 - vein graft alone, Group 3 - vein graft plus platelet-derived growth factors, and Group 4 - sham operation as a positive control. We evaluated nerve regeneration and functional recovery using retrograde tracing study with FluoroGold, Toluidine blue staining of cavernous nerve, and the intracavernous pressure at 3 months. Three months after surgery, rich FluoroGold-positive cells were observed in the sham and vein graft plus platelet-derived growth factors group, but very few were found in the no repair group. The number of myelinated axons of regenerated cavernous nerve and intracavernous pressure were increased obviously in the two vein graft groups, especially in the vein graft plus platelet-derived growth factors group. These findings confirm the feasibility of using autologous vein as guides for cavernous nerve regeneration, and the regeneration can be further enhanced when the vein is filled with platelet-derived growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie-Gang Ding
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shi-Wen Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin-Min Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xing-Huan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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20
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Hu L, Qi S, Zhang K, Fu Q. Essential role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) in diabetic erectile dysfunction. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 29159909 DOI: 10.1111/and.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Hu
- Department of Urology; Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan China
- Department of Urology; Shandong Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital; Zaozhuang China
| | - S. Qi
- Department of Neurology; Shandong Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital; Zaozhuang China
| | - K. Zhang
- Department of Urology; Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Q. Fu
- Department of Urology; Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan China
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21
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Saito A, Cai L, Matsuhisa K, Ohtake Y, Kaneko M, Kanemoto S, Asada R, Imaizumi K. Neuronal activity-dependent local activation of dendritic unfolded protein response promotes expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cell soma. J Neurochem 2017; 144:35-49. [PMID: 28921568 PMCID: PMC5765399 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) has roles not only in resolving the accumulation of unfolded proteins owing to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, but also in regulation of cellular physiological functions. ER stress transducers providing the branches of UPR signaling are known to localize in distal dendritic ER of neurons. These reports suggest that local activation of UPR branches may produce integrated outputs for distant communication, and allow regulation of local events in highly polarized neurons. Here, we demonstrated that synaptic activity‐ and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‐dependent local activation of UPR signaling could be associated with dendritic functions through retrograde signal propagation by using murine neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro‐2A and primary cultured hippocampal neurons derived from postnatal day 0 litter C57BL/6 mice. ER stress transducer, inositol‐requiring kinase 1 (IRE1), was activated at postsynapses in response to excitatory synaptic activation. Activated dendritic IRE1 accelerated accumulation of the downstream transcription factor, x‐box‐binding protein 1 (XBP1), in the nucleus. Interestingly, excitatory synaptic activation‐dependent up‐regulation of XBP1 directly facilitated transcriptional activation of BDNF. BDNF in turn drove its own expression via IRE1‐XBP1 pathway in a protein kinase A‐dependent manner. Exogenous treatment with BDNF promoted extension and branching of dendrites through the protein kinase A‐IRE1‐XBP1 cascade. Taken together, our findings indicate novel mechanisms for communication between soma and distal sites of polarized neurons that are coordinated by local activation of IRE1‐XBP1 signaling. Synaptic activity‐ and BDNF‐dependent distinct activation of dendritic IRE1‐XBP1 cascade drives BDNF expression in cell soma and may be involved in dendritic extension. Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.14159. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Longjie Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuhisa
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ohtake
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Soshi Kanemoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rie Asada
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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22
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Saito A, Cai L, Matsuhisa K, Ohtake Y, Kaneko M, Kanemoto S, Asada R, Imaizumi K. Neuronal activity-dependent local activation of dendritic unfolded protein response promotes expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cell soma. J Neurochem 2017. [PMID: 28921568 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) has roles not only in resolving the accumulation of unfolded proteins owing to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, but also in regulation of cellular physiological functions. ER stress transducers providing the branches of UPR signaling are known to localize in distal dendritic ER of neurons. These reports suggest that local activation of UPR branches may produce integrated outputs for distant communication, and allow regulation of local events in highly polarized neurons. Here, we demonstrated that synaptic activity- and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent local activation of UPR signaling could be associated with dendritic functions through retrograde signal propagation by using murine neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro-2A and primary cultured hippocampal neurons derived from postnatal day 0 litter C57BL/6 mice. ER stress transducer, inositol-requiring kinase 1 (IRE1), was activated at postsynapses in response to excitatory synaptic activation. Activated dendritic IRE1 accelerated accumulation of the downstream transcription factor, x-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1), in the nucleus. Interestingly, excitatory synaptic activation-dependent up-regulation of XBP1 directly facilitated transcriptional activation of BDNF. BDNF in turn drove its own expression via IRE1-XBP1 pathway in a protein kinase A-dependent manner. Exogenous treatment with BDNF promoted extension and branching of dendrites through the protein kinase A-IRE1-XBP1 cascade. Taken together, our findings indicate novel mechanisms for communication between soma and distal sites of polarized neurons that are coordinated by local activation of IRE1-XBP1 signaling. Synaptic activity- and BDNF-dependent distinct activation of dendritic IRE1-XBP1 cascade drives BDNF expression in cell soma and may be involved in dendritic extension. Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.14159.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Longjie Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuhisa
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ohtake
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Soshi Kanemoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rie Asada
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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23
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Dong F, Zhang Q, Kong W, Chen J, Ma J, Wang L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Wen J. Regulation of endometrial cell proliferation by estrogen-induced BDNF signaling pathway. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:485-489. [PMID: 28277116 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1295439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin growth factors family. Recent studies indicated that the level of BDNF in follicular fluid is a marker for oocyte quality and infertility. Here, we intend to further investigate the function of BDNF and its signaling pathway in the regulation of endometrial cells proliferation. We found that BDNF is a critical growth factor in endometrial cells. Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway is required for BNDF-regulated endometrial cell proliferation. Furthermore, BDNF is an effector of estrogen in endometrial cells. Finally, we investigated the different role of Val66Met, a single-nucleotide polymorphism of the BDNF gene, in regulating endometrial cells proliferation. The results showed that BDNFV66M polymorphism is a loss-of-function polymorphism in the regulation of endometrial cells growth. Given the correlation between endometriosis and infertility, it is important to understand the role of BDNF in regulating endometrial cells proliferation and to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of endometriosis-related infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Dong
- a Department of Pharmacology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Qiyao Zhang
- b Department of Reproduction , The 2nd Affiliate Hospital, Shandong University of TCM , Jinan , China , and
| | - Wei Kong
- b Department of Reproduction , The 2nd Affiliate Hospital, Shandong University of TCM , Jinan , China , and
| | - Jun Chen
- b Department of Reproduction , The 2nd Affiliate Hospital, Shandong University of TCM , Jinan , China , and
| | - Junlan Ma
- c Department of Microbiology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Li Wang
- b Department of Reproduction , The 2nd Affiliate Hospital, Shandong University of TCM , Jinan , China , and
| | - Yanian Wang
- b Department of Reproduction , The 2nd Affiliate Hospital, Shandong University of TCM , Jinan , China , and
| | - Yan Liu
- b Department of Reproduction , The 2nd Affiliate Hospital, Shandong University of TCM , Jinan , China , and
| | - Yan Li
- b Department of Reproduction , The 2nd Affiliate Hospital, Shandong University of TCM , Jinan , China , and
| | - Ji Wen
- b Department of Reproduction , The 2nd Affiliate Hospital, Shandong University of TCM , Jinan , China , and
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Ekman M, Zhu B, Swärd K, Uvelius B. Neurite outgrowth in cultured mouse pelvic ganglia - Effects of neurotrophins and bladder tissue. Auton Neurosci 2017; 205:41-49. [PMID: 28347639 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors regulate survival and growth of neurons. The urinary bladder is innervated via both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons located in the major pelvic ganglion. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of the neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) on the sprouting rate of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurites from the female mouse ganglion. The pelvic ganglion was dissected out and attached to a petri dish and cultured in vitro. All three factors (BDNF, NT-3 and NGF) stimulated neurite outgrowth of both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurites although BDNF and NT-3 had a higher stimulatory effect on parasympathetic ganglion cells. The neurotrophin receptors TrkA, TrkB and TrkC were all expressed in neurons of the ganglia. Co-culture of ganglia with urinary bladder tissue, but not diaphragm tissue, increased the sprouting rate of neurites. Active forms of BDNF and NT-3 were detected in urinary bladder tissue using western blotting whereas tissue from the diaphragm expressed NGF. Neurite outgrowth from the pelvic ganglion was inhibited by a TrkB receptor antagonist. We therefore suggest that the urinary bladder releases trophic factors, including BDNF and NT-3, which regulate neurite outgrowth via activation of neuronal Trk-receptors. These findings could influence future strategies for developing pharmaceuticals to improve re-innervation due to bladder pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ekman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Baoyi Zhu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guang Dong, China
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Uvelius
- Department of Urology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Wang B, Ning H, Reed-Maldonado AB, Zhou J, Ruan Y, Zhou T, Wang HS, Oh BS, Banie L, Lin G, Lue TF. Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Enhances Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression through PERK/ATF4 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020433. [PMID: 28212323 PMCID: PMC5343967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, but its mechanisms are not well understood. Previously, we found that Li-ESWT increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here we assessed the underlying signaling pathways in Schwann cells in vitro and in penis tissue in vivo after nerve injury. The result indicated that BDNF were significantly increased by the Li-ESWT after nerve injury, as well as the expression of BDNF in Schwann cells (SCs, RT4-D6P2T) in vitro. Li-ESWT activated the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) pathway by increasing the phosphorylation levels of PERK and eukaryotic initiation factor 2a (eIF2α), and enhanced activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in an energy-dependent manner. In addition, GSK2656157—an inhibitor of PERK—effectively inhibited the effect of Li-ESWT on the phosphorylation of PERK, eIF2α, and the expression of ATF4. Furthermore, silencing ATF4 dramatically attenuated the effect of Li-ESWT on the expression of BDNF, but had no effect on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in Schwann cells. In conclusion, our findings shed new light on the underlying mechanisms by which Li-ESWT may stimulate the expression of BDNF through activation of PERK/ATF4 signaling pathway. This information may help to refine the use of Li-ESWT to further improve its clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Hongxiu Ning
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Amanda B Reed-Maldonado
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Yajun Ruan
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Tie Zhou
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Hsun Shuan Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Byung Seok Oh
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Lia Banie
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Guiting Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Tom F Lue
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in physiological and pathological conditions. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 131:123-138. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a key role in the central nervous system, promoting synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. The BDNF gene structure is very complex and consists of multiple 5′-non-coding exons, which give rise to differently spliced transcripts, and one coding exon at the 3′-end. These multiple transcripts, together with the complex transcriptional regulatory machinery, lead to a complex and fine regulation of BDNF expression that can be tissue and stimulus specific. BDNF effects are mainly mediated by the high-affinity, tropomyosin-related, kinase B receptor and involve the activation of several downstream cascades, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phospholipase C-γ and phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathways. BDNF exerts a wide range of effects on neuronal function, including the modulation of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Importantly, alterations in BDNF expression and function are involved in different brain disorders and represent a major downstream mechanism for stress response, which has important implications in psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorders and schizophrenia. In the present review, we have summarized the main features of BDNF in relation to neuronal plasticity, stress response and pathological conditions, and discussed the role of BDNF as a possible target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in the context of psychiatric illnesses.
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Chen B, Liang Y, He Z, An Y, Zhao W, Wu J. Autocrine activity of BDNF induced by the STAT3 signaling pathway causes prolonged TrkB activation and promotes human non-small-cell lung cancer proliferation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30404. [PMID: 27456333 PMCID: PMC4960652 DOI: 10.1038/srep30404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin superfamily, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of the nervous system. Recently, several studies have suggested that BDNF and/or its receptor, tropomyosin related kinase B (TrkB), are involved in tumor growth and metastasis in several cancers, including prostate cancer, neuroblastoma, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and lung cancer. Despite the increasing emphasis on BDNF/TrkB signaling in human tumors, how it participates in primary tumors has not yet been determined. Additionally, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that elicit signaling downstream of TrkB in the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we report the significant expression of BDNF in NSCLC samples and show that BDNF stimulation increases the synthesis of BDNF itself through activation of STAT3 in lung cancer cells. The release of BDNF can in turn activate TrkB signaling. The activation of both TrkB and STAT3 contribute to downstream signaling and promote human non-small-cell lung cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis, 7 Fengxian Road, Beijing 10089, China
| | - Yunhe An
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis, 7 Fengxian Road, Beijing 10089, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianqing Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
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Lin G, Zhang H, Sun F, Lu Z, Reed-Maldonado A, Lee YC, Wang G, Banie L, Lue TF. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes nerve regeneration by activating the JAK/STAT pathway in Schwann cells. Transl Androl Urol 2016; 5:167-75. [PMID: 27141442 PMCID: PMC4837308 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2016.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radical prostatectomy (RP) carries the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) due to cavernous nerve (CN) injury. Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance of integrity and function of peripheral nerves such as the CNs. We hypothesize that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activates the Janus kinase (JAK)/(signal transducer and activator of transcription) STAT pathway in Schwann cells, not in neuronal axonal fibers, with the resultant secretion of cytokines from Schwann cells to facilitate nerve recovery. Methods Using four different cell lines—human neuroblastoma BE(2)-C and SH-SY5Y, human Schwann cell (HSC), and rat Schwann cell (RSC) RT4-D6P2T—we assessed the effect of BDNF application on the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. We also assessed the time response of JAK/STAT pathway activation in RSCs and HSCs after BDNF treatment. We then assayed cytokine release from HSCs as a response to BDNF treatment using oncostatin M and IL6 as markers. Results We showed extensive phosphorylation of STAT3/STAT1 by BDNF at high dose (100 pM) in RSCs, with no JAK/STAT pathway activation in human neuroblastoma cell lines. The time response of JAK/STAT pathway activation in RSCs and HSCs after BDNF treatment showed an initial peak at shortly after treatment and then a second higher peak at 24–48 hours. Cytokine release from HSCs increased progressively after BDNF application, reaching statistical significance for IL6. Conclusions We demonstrated for the first time the indirect mechanism of BDNF enhancement of nerve regeneration through the activation of JAK/STAT pathway in Schwann cells, rather than directly on neurons. As a result of BDNF application, Schwann cells produce cytokines that promote nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiting Lin
- 1 Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA ; 2 Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China ; 3 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; 4 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- 1 Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA ; 2 Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China ; 3 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; 4 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fionna Sun
- 1 Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA ; 2 Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China ; 3 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; 4 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhihua Lu
- 1 Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA ; 2 Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China ; 3 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; 4 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Amanda Reed-Maldonado
- 1 Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA ; 2 Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China ; 3 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; 4 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Lee
- 1 Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA ; 2 Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China ; 3 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; 4 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guifang Wang
- 1 Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA ; 2 Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China ; 3 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; 4 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lia Banie
- 1 Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA ; 2 Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China ; 3 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; 4 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tom F Lue
- 1 Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA ; 2 Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China ; 3 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; 4 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Guo H, Zhou H, Lu J, Qu Y, Yu D, Tong Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor: an attractive target in the treatment of hypoxic/ischemic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:174-9. [PMID: 26981109 PMCID: PMC4774214 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.175067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral hypoxia or ischemia results in cell death and cerebral edema, as well as other cellular reactions such as angiogenesis and the reestablishment of functional microvasculature to promote recovery from brain injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor is expressed in the central nervous system after hypoxic/ischemic brain injury, and is involved in the process of brain repair via the regulation of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and cerebral edema, which all require vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. In this review, we focus on the role of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in the response to hypoxic/ischemic brain injury, and discuss potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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30
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Kim JH, Lee HJ, Song YS. Mesenchymal stem cell-based gene therapy for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2016; 28:81-7. [PMID: 26888355 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming success of PDE5 inhibitor (PDE5I), the demand for novel pharmacotherapeutic and surgical options for ED continues to rise owing to the increased proportion of elderly individuals in the population, in addition to the growing percentage of ED patients who do not respond to PDE5I. Surgical treatment of ED is associated with many complications, thus warranting the need for nonsurgical therapies. Moreover, none of the above-mentioned treatments essentially corrects, cures or prevents ED. Although gene therapy is a promising option, many challenges and obstacles such as local inflammatory response and random transgene expression, in addition to other safety issues, limit its use at the clinical level. The use of stem cell therapy alone also has many shortcomings. To overcome these inadequacies, many scientists and clinicians are investigating new gene and stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Song
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Kang SK, Johnston MV, Kadam SD. Acute TrkB inhibition rescues phenobarbital-resistant seizures in a mouse model of neonatal ischemia. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2792-804. [PMID: 26452067 PMCID: PMC4715496 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal seizures are commonly associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Phenobarbital (PB) resistance is common and poses a serious challenge in clinical management. Using a newly characterized neonatal mouse model of ischemic seizures, this study investigated a novel strategy for rescuing PB resistance. A small-molecule TrkB antagonist, ANA12, used to selectively and transiently block post-ischemic BDNF-TrkB signaling in vivo, determined whether rescuing TrkB-mediated post-ischemic degradation of the K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) rescued PB-resistant seizures. The anti-seizure efficacy of ANA12 + PB was quantified by (i) electrographic seizure burden using acute continuous video-electroencephalograms and (ii) post-treatment expression levels of KCC2 and NKCC1 using Western blot analysis in postnatal day (P)7 and P10 CD1 pups with unilateral carotid ligation. ANA12 significantly rescued PB-resistant seizures at P7 and improved PB efficacy at P10. A single dose of ANA12 + PB prevented the post-ischemic degradation of KCC2 for up to 24 h. As anticipated, ANA12 by itself had no anti-seizure properties and was unable to prevent KCC2 degradation at 24 h without follow-on PB. This indicates that unsubdued seizures can independently lead to KCC2 degradation via non-TrkB-dependent pathways. This study, for the first time as a proof-of-concept, reports the potential therapeutic value of KCC2 modulation for the management of PB-resistant seizures in neonates. Future investigations are required to establish the mechanistic link between ANA12 and the prevention of KCC2 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kang
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - M V Johnston
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S D Kadam
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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32
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Weyne E, Castiglione F, Van der Aa F, Bivalacqua TJ, Albersen M. Landmarks in erectile function recovery after radical prostatectomy. Nat Rev Urol 2015; 12:289-97. [PMID: 25868558 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The description of the nerve-sparing technique of radical prostatectomy by Walsh was one of the major breakthroughs in the surgical treatment of prostate cancer in the 20(th) century. However, despite this advance and consequent technological refinements to nerve-sparing surgery, a large proportion of men still suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED) as a complication of prostatectomy. A plethora of therapeutic approaches have been proposed to optimize erectile function recovery in these patients. Several preclinical and translational studies have shown benefits of therapies including PDE5 inhibitor (PDE5I) treatment, immunomodulation, neurotrophic factor administration, and regenerative techniques, such as stem cell therapy, in animal models. However, most of these approaches have either failed to translate to clinical use or have yet to be studied in human subjects. Penile rehabilitation with PDE5Is is currently the most commonly used clinical strategy, in spite of the absence of solid clinical evidence to support its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Weyne
- Laboratory for Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fabio Castiglione
- Urological Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institution, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Frank Van der Aa
- Laboratory for Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Marburg 420, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Maarten Albersen
- Laboratory for Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Hannan JL, Albersen M, Stopak BL, Liu X, Burnett AL, Hoke A, Bivalacqua TJ. Temporal changes in neurotrophic factors and neurite outgrowth in the major pelvic ganglion following cavernous nerve injury. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:954-63. [PMID: 25644064 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy, nerve damage and erectile dysfunction (ED) prevail, and preventing neurodegeneration is of great importance. Neurotrophic factors and neurite outgrowth were characterized in major pelvic ganglia (MPG) following bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI). Young male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham or BCNI surgery, and the intracavernosal pressure to mean arterial pressure ratio was measured 2, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 60 days following injury (n = 8/group). MPG gene expression (qPCR) and Western blot were performed for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurturin, neurotrophin (NT)-3, NT4, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor, and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). Additional rats were injured, and MPGs were removed 24 hr, 48 hr, 3 days, and 7 days following BCNI (n = 3/group). MPGs were cultured in Matrigel, and neurite outgrowth was measured. Erections were impaired early and improved by 60 days in BCNI rats. GDNF, NGF, BDNF, and ATF3 gene expression was significantly increased and NT3 was decreased in MPGs following BCNI (48 hr to 21 days, P < 0.05). GDNF and NGF protein levels were elevated in 48-hr BCNI rats. MPG neurite outgrowth from 24-hr and 48-hr BCNI was higher than sham (658 ± 19 μm, 607 ± 24 μm, 393 ± 23 μm, respectively, P < 0.05). Further studies examining the roles of neurotrophic factors in modulating signaling pathways may provide therapeutic avenues for neurogenically mediated ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L Hannan
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Effects of Icariside II on corpus cavernosum and major pelvic ganglion neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23294-306. [PMID: 25517034 PMCID: PMC4284767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic erectile dysfunction is associated with penile dorsal nerve bundle neuropathy in the corpus cavernosum and the mechanism is not well understood. We investigated the neuropathy changes in the corpus cavernosum of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the effects of Icariside II (ICA II) on improving neuropathy. Thirty-six 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into normal control group, diabetic group and ICA-II treated group. Diabetes was induced by a one-time intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Three days later, the diabetic rats were randomly divided into 2 groups including a saline treated placebo group and an ICA II-treated group (5 mg/kg/day, by intragastric administration daily). Twelve weeks later, erectile function was measured by cavernous nerve electrostimulation with real time intracorporal pressure assessment. The penis was harvested for the histological examination (immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining) and transmission electron microscopy detecting. Diabetic animals exhibited a decreased density of dorsal nerve bundle in penis. The neurofilament of the dorsal nerve bundle was fragmented in the diabetic rats. There was a decreased expression of nNOS and NGF in the diabetic group. The ICA II group had higher density of dorsal nerve bundle, higher expression of NGF and nNOS in the penis. The pathological change of major pelvic nerve ganglion (including the microstructure by transmission electron microscope and the neurite outgrowth length of major pelvic nerve ganglion tissue cultured in vitro) was greatly attenuated in the ICA II-treated group (p < 0.01). ICA II treatment attenuates the diabetes-related impairment of corpus cavernosum and major pelvic ganglion neuropathy in rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes.
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Sandhya VK, Raju R, Verma R, Advani J, Sharma R, Radhakrishnan A, Nanjappa V, Narayana J, Somani BL, Mukherjee KK, Pandey A, Christopher R, Prasad TSK. A network map of BDNF/TRKB and BDNF/p75NTR signaling system. J Cell Commun Signal 2013; 7:301-7. [PMID: 23606317 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-013-0200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Varot K Sandhya
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560066, India,
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Kim SJ, Choi SW, Hur KJ, Park SH, Sung YC, Ha YS, Cho HJ, Hong SH, Lee JY, Hwang TK, Kim SW. Synergistic effect of mesenchymal stem cells infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing human BDNF on erectile function in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury. Korean J Urol 2012; 53:726-32. [PMID: 23136635 PMCID: PMC3490095 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.10.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the combined role of mescenchymal stem cells (MSCs) infected with recombinant adenoviruses expressing human BDNF (rAd/hBDNF) on the erectile dysfunction in rat with cavernous nerve injury. Materials and Methods Rats divided into 4 groups: control group, bilateral cavernous nerve crushing group (BCNC group), BCNC with MSCs group and BCNC with MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF group. After 4-week, functional assessment was done. PKH26 and BDNF staining of major pelvic ganglion and masson's trichrome staining of corpus cavernosum were performed. Western blot analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was done in corpus cavernosum. Results After 4 weeks, BCNC with MSCs and MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF groups showed significantly well-preserved erectile function compared with BCNC group. Moreover, the erectile function of MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF group was significantly well-preserved than BCNC with MSCs group. The smooth muscle of corpus cavernosum was significantly preserved in BCNC with MSCs and MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF groups compared with BCNC group. More preservation of smooth muscle was observed in rats with MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF than with MSCs alone. Significant increase expression of eNOS and nNOS was noted in rats with MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF than with MSCs alone. Conclusions The erectile function was more preserved after injection with MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF in rat with ED caused by cavernous nerve injury. Therefore, the use of MSC infected with rAd/hBDNF may have a better treatment effect on ED cause by cavernous nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hakim L, Van der Aa F, Bivalacqua TJ, Hedlund P, Albersen M. Emerging tools for erectile dysfunction: a role for regenerative medicine. Nat Rev Urol 2012; 9:520-36. [PMID: 22824778 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the most common sexual disorder reported by men to their health-care providers and the most investigated male sexual dysfunction. Currently, the treatment of ED focuses on 'symptomatic relief' of ED and, therefore, tends to provide temporary relief rather than providing a cure or reversing the cause. The identification of a large population of "difficult-to-treat" patients has triggered researchers to identify novel treatment approaches, which focus on cure and restoration of the underlying cause of ED. Regenerative medicine has developed extensively in the past few decades and preclinical trials have emphasized the benefit of growth factor therapy, gene transfer, stem cells and tissue engineering for the restoration of erectile function. Development of clinical trials involving immunomodulation in postprostatectomy ED patients and the use of maxi-K channels for gene therapy are illustrative of the advances in the field. However, the search for novel treatment targets and a wealth of preclinical studies represent a dynamic and continuing field of enquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman Hakim
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Calenda G, Strong TD, Pavlovich CP, Schaeffer EM, Burnett AL, Yu W, Davies KP, Bivalacqua TJ. Whole genome microarray of the major pelvic ganglion after cavernous nerve injury: new insights into molecular profile changes after nerve injury. BJU Int 2012; 109:1552-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Albersen M, Kendirci M, Van der Aa F, Hellstrom WJG, Lue TF, Spees JL. Multipotent stromal cell therapy for cavernous nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2011; 9:385-403. [PMID: 22145667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) following radical prostatectomy (RP) is a result of inadvertent damage to the cavernous nerves that run close to the prostate capsula. The mechanisms behind the development of post-RP ED are increasingly recognized and include cavernosal fibrosis and cavernosal smooth muscle apoptosis, resulting from cavernous nerve degeneration due to neuropraxia. In recent years, cell-based therapies have received increasing attention regarding their potential for recovery of erectile function following cavernous nerve injury (CNI). Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for this application based on their regenerative potential and their clinical applicability. AIM To review available evidence on the efficacy and mechanisms of action of MSC application for the treatment of ED, with an emphasis on ED following CNI. METHODS A nonsystematic review was conducted on the available English literature between 1966 and 2011 on the search engines SciVerse-sciencedirect, SciVerse-scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. RESULTS MSCs from both bone marrow and adipose tissue have shown beneficial effects in a variety of animal models for ED. While MSC application in chronic disease models such as diabetes, aging, and hyperlipidemia may result in cell engraftment and possibly MSC differentiation, this observation has not been made in the acute CNI rat model. In the latter setting, MSC effects seem to be established by cell recruitment toward the major pelvic ganglion and local paracrine interaction with the host neural tissue. CONCLUSIONS While the type of model may influence the mechanisms of action of this MSC-based therapy, MSCs generally display efficacy in various animal models for ED. Before translation to the clinic is established, various hurdles need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Albersen
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Lin G, Qiu X, Fandel T, Banie L, Wang G, Lue TF, Lin CS. Tracking intracavernously injected adipose-derived stem cells to bone marrow. Int J Impot Res 2011; 23:268-75. [PMID: 21796145 PMCID: PMC3516363 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2011.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Intracavernous (IC) injection of stem cells (SCs) has been shown to improve erectile function in various erectile dysfunction (ED) animal models. However, the tissue distribution of the injected cells remains unknown. In this study we tracked IC injected adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in various tissues. Rat paratesticular fat was processed for ADSC isolation and culture. The animals were then subject to cavernous nerve (CN) crush injury or sham operation, followed by IC injection of one million autologous or allogeneic ADSCs that were labeled with 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU). Another group of rats received IC injection of EdU-labeled allogeneic penile smooth muscle cells (PSMCs). At 2 and 7 days post-injection, penises and femoral bone marrow were processed for histological analyses. Whole femoral bone marrows were also analyzed for EdU-positive cells by flow cytometry. The results show that ADSCs exited the penis within days of IC injection and migrated preferentially to bone marrow. Allogenicity did not affect ADSC's bone marrow appearance either at 2 or 7 days, while CN injury reduced the number of ADSCs in bone marrow significantly at 7 but not 2 days. The significance of these results in relation to SC therapy for ED is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0738, USA
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Albersen M, Fandel TM, Lin G, Wang G, Banie L, Lin CS, Lue TF. Injections of adipose tissue-derived stem cells and stem cell lysate improve recovery of erectile function in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury. J Sex Med 2011; 7:3331-40. [PMID: 20561166 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) remains a major complication after radical prostatectomy. The use of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) has shown promising results for the treatment of ED. However, the mechanisms of action for stem cell therapy remain controversial, with increasing evidence pointing to paracrine pathways. AIM To determine the effects and to identify the mechanism of action of ADSC and ADSC-derived lysate in a rat model of cavernous nerve (CN) crush injury. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: one group underwent sham operation, while three groups underwent bilateral CN crush. Crush-injury groups were treated at the time of injury with intracavernous injection of ADSC, lysate, or vehicle only (injured controls). Erectile function was assessed by CN electrostimulation at 4 weeks. Penile tissue was collected for histology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intracavernous pressure increase upon CN stimulation; neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) content in the dorsal penile nerve; smooth muscle content, collagen content, and number of apoptotic cells in the corpus cavernosum. RESULTS Both ADSC and lysate treatments resulted in significant recovery of erectile function, as compared with vehicle treatment. nNOS content was preserved in both the ADSC and lysate group, with significantly higher expression compared with vehicle-treated animals. There was significantly less fibrosis and a significant preservation of smooth muscle content in the ADSC and lysate groups compared with injured controls. The observed functional improvement after lysate injection supports the hypothesis that ADSCs act through release of intracellular preformed substances or by active secretion of certain biomolecules. The underlying mechanism of recovery appears to involve neuron preservation and cytoprotection by inhibition of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Penile injection of both ADSC and ADSC-derived lysate can improve recovery of erectile function in a rat model of neurogenic ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Albersen
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0738, USA
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Burnett AL, Goldstein I, Andersson KE, Argiolas A, Christ G, Park K, Xin ZC. Future sexual medicine physiological treatment targets. J Sex Med 2011; 7:3269-304. [PMID: 21029380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual function in men and women incorporates physiologic processes and regulation of the central and peripheral nervous systems, the vascular system, and the endocrine system. There is need for state-of-the-art information as there is an evolving research understanding of the underlying molecular biological factors and mechanisms governing sexual physiologic functions. AIM To develop an evidence-based, state-of-the-art consensus report on the current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular targets of biologic systems responsible for sexual physiologic function. METHODS State-of-the-art knowledge representing the opinions of seven experts from four countries was developed in a consensus process over a 2-year period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Expert opinion was based on the grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate. RESULTS Scientific investigation in this field is needed to increase knowledge and foster development of the future line of treatments for all forms of biological-based sexual dysfunction. This article addresses the current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular targets of biological systems responsible for sexual physiologic function. Future treatment targets include growth factor therapy, gene therapy, stem and cell-based therapies, and regenerative medicine. CONCLUSIONS Scientific discovery is critically important for developing new and increasingly effective treatments in sexual medicine. Broad physiologic directions should be vigorously explored and considered for future management of sexual disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur L Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Zhang HY, Jin XB, Lue TF. Three important components in the regeneration of the cavernous nerve: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Asian J Androl 2010; 13:231-5. [PMID: 21170078 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroperitoneal operations, such as radical prostatectomy, often damage the cavernous nerve, resulting in a high incidence of erectile dysfunction. Although improved nerve-sparing techniques have reduced the incidence of nerve injury, and the administration of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of erectile dysfunction, this problem remains a considerable challenge. In recent years, scientists have focused on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in the treatment of cavernous nerve injury in rat models. Results showed that both compounds were capable of enhancing the regeneration of the cavernous nerve and that activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway played a major role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Zhang
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
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Zhang H, Yang R, Wang Z, Lin G, Lue TF, Lin CS. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells secrete CXCL5 cytokine with neurotrophic effects on cavernous nerve regeneration. J Sex Med 2010; 8:437-46. [PMID: 21114767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previously we reported that paracrine actions likely mediated the therapeutic effects of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on a rat model of cavernous nerve (CN) injury. AIM To identify potential neurotrophic factors in ADSC's secretion, test the most promising one, and identify the molecular mechanism of its neurotrophic action. METHODS Rat major pelvic ganglia (MPG) were cultured in conditioned media of ADSC and penile smooth muscle cells (PSMCs). Cytokine expression in these two media was probed with a cytokine antibody array. CXCL5 cytokine was quantified in these two media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activation of Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) by CXCL5 was tested in neuroblastoma cell lines BE(2)C and SH-SY5Y as well as in Schwann cell line RT4-D6P2T by Western blot. Involvement of CXCL5 and JAK/STAT in ADSC-conditioned medium's neurotrophic effects was confirmed with anti-CXCL5 antibody and JAK inhibitor AG490, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Neurotrophic effects of ADSC and PSMC-conditioned media were quantified by measuring neurite length in MPG cultures. Secretion of CXCL5 in these two media was quantified by ELISA. Activation of JAK/STAT by CXCL5 was quantified by densitometry on Western blots for STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation. RESULTS MPG neurite length was significantly longer in ADSC than in PSMC-conditioned medium. CXCL5 was secreted eight times higher in ADSC than in PSMC-conditioned medium. Anti-CXCL5 antibody blocked the neurotrophic effects of ADSC-conditioned medium. CXCL5 activated JAK/STAT concentration-dependently from 0 to 50 ng/mL in RT4-D6P2T Schwann cells. At 50 ng/mL, CXCL5 activated JAK/STAT time-dependently, peaking at 45 minutes. AG490 blocked these activities as well as the neurotrophic effects of ADSC-conditioned medium. CONCLUSIONS CXCL5 was secreted by ADSC at a high level, promoted MPG neurite growth, and activated JAK/STAT in Schwann cells. CXCL5 may contribute to ADSC's therapeutic efficacy on CN injury-induced ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory-Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Satellite glial cells in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia: in search of function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 64:304-27. [PMID: 20441777 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells are established as essential for many functions of the central nervous system, and this seems to hold also for glial cells in the peripheral nervous system. The main type of glial cells in most types of peripheral ganglia - sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic - is satellite glial cells (SGCs). These cells usually form envelopes around single neurons, which create a distinct functional unit consisting of a neuron and its attending SGCs. This review presents the knowledge on the morphology of SGCs in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, and the (limited) available information on their physiology and pharmacology. It appears that SGCs carry receptors for ATP and can thus respond to the release of this neurotransmitter by the neurons. There is evidence that SGCs have an uptake mechanism for GABA, and possibly other neurotransmitters, which enables them to control the neuronal microenvironment. Damage to post- or preganglionic nerve fibers influences both the ganglionic neurons and the SGCs. One major consequence of postganglionic nerve section is the detachment of preganglionic nerve terminals, resulting in decline of synaptic transmission. It appears that, at least in sympathetic ganglia, SGCs participate in the detachment process, and possibly in the subsequent recovery of the synaptic connections. Unlike sensory neurons, neurons in autonomic ganglia receive synaptic inputs, and SGCs are in very close contact with synaptic boutons. This places the SGCs in a position to influence synaptic transmission and information processing in autonomic ganglia, but this topic requires much further work.
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Zhang L, Hu Y, Sun CY, Li J, Guo T, Huang J, Chu ZB. Lentiviral shRNA silencing of BDNF inhibits in vivo multiple myeloma growth and angiogenesis via down-regulated stroma-derived VEGF expression in the bone marrow milieu. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1117-24. [PMID: 20331634 PMCID: PMC11158522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) neovascularization and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in multiple myeloma (MM) correlate with disease progression. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is highly expressed by malignant plasma cells isolated from the majority of MM patients. Recently, BDNF was identified as a potential proangiogenic factor for the promotion of endothelial cell survival, induction of neoangiogenesis in ischemic tissues, and increase of VEGF expression in neuroblastoma. Since tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), the receptor of BDNF, is expressed by stromal cells within the BM milieu, here we sought to evaluate the involvement of BDNF/TrkB in myeloma-marrow stroma interaction and its effects on BM angiogenesis. TrkB was abundantly expressed by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from healthy donors. Stimulation of BMSCs with BDNF induced a time- and dose- dependent increase in VEGF secretion, which was completely abolished by K252alpha, an inhibitor of TrkB. BDNF triggered activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), whereas STAT3 was involved in mediating VEGF expression. We further delineated the biological significance of BDNF in MM by using lentiviral short-interfering RNA (shRNA). When myeloma cells were cocultured with BMSCs in a noncontact Transwell system, VEGF levels in supernatants were significantly decreased when BDNF expression was knocked down. Furthermore, silencing of BDNF expression significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth and angiogenesis, and prolonged survival in mouse model. Our studies demonstrate that BDNF, as a potential stimulator of angiogenesis, contributes to MM tumorgenesis; it mediates stromal-MM cell interactions via selective activation of specific receptor TrkB and downstream signal transducer STAT3, regulating VEGF secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Bella AJ, Lin G, Lin CS, Hickling DR, Morash C, Lue TF. Nerve growth factor modulation of the cavernous nerve response to injury. J Sex Med 2009; 6 Suppl 3:347-52. [PMID: 19267859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical therapies for prostate cancer and other pelvic malignancies often result in neuronal damage and debilitating loss of sexual function due to cavernous nerve (CN) trauma. Advances in the neurobiology of growth factors have heightened clinical interest in the development of protective and regenerative neuromodulatory strategies targeting CN recovery following injury. AIM The aim of this review was to offer an examination of current and future nerve growth factor (NGF) modulation of the CN response to injury with a focus on brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF), growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), and neurturin (NTN). METHODS Information for this presentation was derived from a current literature search using the National Library of Medicine PubMed Services producing publications relevant to this topic. Search terms included neuroprotection, nerve regeneration, NGFs, neurotrophic factors, BDNF, GDF-5, NTN, and CNs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Basic science studies satisfying the search inclusion criteria were reviewed. RESULTS In this session, BDNF, atypical growth factors GDF-5 and NTN, and their potential influence upon CN recovery after injury are reviewed, as are the molecular pathways by which their influence is exerted. CONCLUSIONS Compromised CN function is a significant cause of erectile dysfunction development following prostatectomy and serves as the primary target for potential neuroprotective or regenerative strategies utilizing NGFs such as BDNF, GDF-5, and NTN, and/or targeted novel therapeutics modulating signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Bella
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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Lin G, Shindel AW, Fandel TM, Bella AJ, Lin CS, Lue TF. Neurotrophic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in major pelvic ganglia of young and aged rats. BJU Int 2009; 105:114-20. [PMID: 19493269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the neurotrophic effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cultured major pelvic ganglia (MPG) derived from young and aged rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dorsocaudal region of the MPG was isolated from 12 6-month-old male rats and 12 24-month-old male rats. The MPGs were treated with BDNF, VEGF, or both, at 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 150 ng/mL to determine the effective concentration for 50% activity (EC(50)) and optimum dosage for promoting neurite growth. Neurite outgrowth from treated MPGs was measured by microscopy. NADPH diaphorase and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) staining was used to characterize neurites. RESULTS Both BDNF and VEGF promoted neurite sprouting from MPG. Neurite growth was more robust in MPGs derived from young rats (6 months) than from aged rats (24 months). The EC(50) for BDNF, VEGF and combined treatment were 10.6, 11.9 and 52 ng/mL in young rats, and 11.3, 12 and 0.75 ng/mL in old rats, respectively. The optimum dosage of both factors for promoting MPG neurite growth in all groups was 25-50 ng/mL. VEGF appeared to favour NADPH diaphorase-positive neurites, whereas BDNF favoured TH-positive neurites. CONCLUSION BDNF and VEGF promote neurite growth from cultured MPG; combined treatment produced the most robust neurite outgrowth. Neurite growth from MPGs derived from aged rats was not as robust as it was from MPGs from younger rats. Further studies on the effect of neurotrophins after cavernous nerve injury are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiting Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Dziennis S, Alkayed NJ. Role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in neuronal survival and regeneration. Rev Neurosci 2009; 19:341-61. [PMID: 19145989 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro.2008.19.4-5.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) comprise a family of transcription factors that mediate a wide variety of biological functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Injury to neural tissue induces STAT activation, and STATs are increasingly recognized for their role in neuronal survival. In this review, we discuss the role of STAT3 during neural development and following ischemic and traumatic injury in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. We focus on STAT3 because of the expanding body of literature that investigates protective and regenerative effects of growth factors, hormones and cytokines that use STAT3 to mediate their effect, in part through transcriptional upregulation of neuroprotective and neurotrophic genes. Defining the endogenous molecular mechanisms that lead to neuroprotection by STAT3 after injury might identify novel therapeutic targets against acute neural tissue damage as well as chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Dziennis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Peri-Operative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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Ferrini MG, Kovanecz I, Sanchez S, Umeh C, Rajfer J, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF. Fibrosis and loss of smooth muscle in the corpora cavernosa precede corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction (CVOD) induced by experimental cavernosal nerve damage in the rat. J Sex Med 2009; 6:415-28. [PMID: 19138364 PMCID: PMC2756287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction (CVOD), which usually is associated with a loss of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and an increase in fibrosis within the corpora cavernosa, can be induced by an injury to the cavernosal nerves. The corporal tissue expresses inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), presumably as an antifibrotic and SMC-protective response. AIMS We studied the temporal relationship in the corpora between the expression of iNOS, other histological and biochemical changes, and the development of CVOD, after bilateral cavernosal nerve resection (BCNR) in the rat. METHODS Rats underwent either BCNR or sham operation. Cavernosometry was performed 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 45 days (N = 8/groups) after surgery. Penile tissue sections were subjected to Masson trichrome staining for SMC and collagen, and immunodetection for alpha smooth muscle actin, iNOS, neuronal NOS (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Quantitative western blot analysis was done in homogenates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time course on the development of fibrosis and CVOD. RESULTS Following BCNR, CVOD was detectable 30 days later, and it became more pronounced by 45 days. In contrast, the SMC/collagen ratio in the BCNR corpora was reduced at 7 days and bottomed at 30 and 45 days, due in part to the reduction of SMC, presumably caused by an increase in apoptosis peaking at 3 days. PCNA also peaked at 3 days, but then decayed. nNOS was reduced early (3-7 days) and disappeared at 30 days, whereas eNOS was not affected. iNOS was induced at day 3, and steadily increased peaking at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS CVOD develops in the BCNR rat as a result of the early loss of corporal SMC by the neuropraxia-induced apoptosis, which the initial cell replication response cannot counteract, followed by fibrosis. The time course of iNOS induction supports the antifibrotic role of iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G Ferrini
- Charles Drew University, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
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