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Chen X, Abdallah MF, Landschoot S, Audenaert K, De Saeger S, Chen X, Rajkovic A. Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides and Their Main Mycotoxins: Global Distribution and Scenarios of Interactions in Maize. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:577. [PMID: 37756003 PMCID: PMC10534665 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize is frequently contaminated with multiple mycotoxins, especially those produced by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides. As mycotoxin contamination is a critical factor that destabilizes global food safety, the current review provides an updated overview of the (co-)occurrence of A. flavus and F. verticillioides and (co-)contamination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in maize. Furthermore, it summarizes their interactions in maize. The gathered data predict the (co-)occurrence and virulence of A. flavus and F. verticillioides would increase worldwide, especially in European cold climate countries. Studies on the interaction of both fungi regarding their growth mainly showed antagonistic interactions in vitro or in planta conditions. However, the (co-)contamination of AFB1 and FB1 has risen worldwide in the last decade. Primarily, this co-contamination increased by 32% in Europe (2010-2020 vs. 1992-2009). This implies that fungi and mycotoxins would severely threaten European-grown maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.F.A.); (A.R.)
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.L.); (K.A.)
| | - Mohamed F. Abdallah
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.F.A.); (A.R.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.L.); (K.A.)
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.L.); (K.A.)
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Gauteng 2028, South Africa
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.F.A.); (A.R.)
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Sánchez-Bravo P, Noguera-Artiaga L, Gómez-López VM, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Gabaldón JA, Pérez-López AJ. Impact of Non-Thermal Technologies on the Quality of Nuts: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233891. [PMID: 36496699 PMCID: PMC9739324 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuts are widely consumed worldwide, mainly due to their characteristic flavor and texture, ease of consumption, and their functional properties. In addition, consumers increasingly demand natural or slightly processed foods with high quality. Consequently, non-thermal treatments are a viable alternative to thermal treatments used to guarantee safety and long shelf life, which produce undesirable changes that affect the sensory quality of nuts. Non-thermal treatments can achieve results similar to those of the traditional (thermal) ones in terms of food safety, while ensuring minimal loss of bioactive compounds and sensory properties, thus obtaining a product as similar as possible to the fresh one. This article focuses on a review of the main non-thermal treatments currently available for nuts (cold plasma, high pressure, irradiation, pulsed electric field, pulsed light, ultrasound and ultraviolet light) in relation to their effects on the quality and safety of nuts. All the treatments studied have shown promise with regard to the inhibition of the main microorganisms affecting nuts (e.g., Aspergillus, Salmonella, and E. coli). Furthermore, by optimizing the treatment, it is possible to maintain the organoleptic and functional properties of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sánchez-Bravo
- Laboratory of Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, University of Murcia, 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of AgroFood Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Luis Noguera-Artiaga
- Department of AgroFood Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Vicente M. Gómez-López
- Catedra Alimentos Para la Salud, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - José A. Gabaldón
- Catedra Alimentos Para la Salud, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Pérez-López
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-278-622
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Nan M, Xue H, Bi Y. Contamination, Detection and Control of Mycotoxins in Fruits and Vegetables. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050309. [PMID: 35622556 PMCID: PMC9143439 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi that colonize fruits and vegetables either during harvesting or during storage. Mycotoxin contamination in fruits and vegetables has been a major problem worldwide, which poses a serious threat to human and animal health through the food chain. This review systematically describes the major mycotoxigenic fungi and the produced mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables, analyzes recent mycotoxin detection technologies including chromatography coupled with detector (i.e., mass, ultraviolet, fluorescence, etc.) technology, electrochemical biosensors technology and immunological techniques, as well as summarizes the degradation and detoxification technologies of mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables, including physical, chemical and biological methods. The future prospect is also proposed to provide an overview and suggestions for future mycotoxin research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nan
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Basic Experiment Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huali Xue
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (Y.B.); Tel.: +86-931-763-1212 (H.X.); +86-931-763-1113 (Y.B.)
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (Y.B.); Tel.: +86-931-763-1212 (H.X.); +86-931-763-1113 (Y.B.)
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4
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Ben Amara A, Mehrez A, Ragoubi C, Romero‐González R, Garrido Frenich A, Landoulsi A, Maatouk I. Fungal mycotoxins reduction by gamma irradiation in naturally contaminated sorghum. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ben Amara
- Research Unit Risques Iiés aux stress environmentaux: Lutte et prévention Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte University of Carthage Zarzouna Tunisia
| | - Amel Mehrez
- Research Unit Risques Iiés aux stress environmentaux: Lutte et prévention Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte University of Carthage Zarzouna Tunisia
| | - Chayma Ragoubi
- Research Unit Risques Iiés aux stress environmentaux: Lutte et prévention Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte University of Carthage Zarzouna Tunisia
| | - Roberto Romero‐González
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri‐Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL) Agrifood Campus of International Excellence University of Almería Almería Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri‐Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL) Agrifood Campus of International Excellence University of Almería Almería Spain
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- Research Unit Risques Iiés aux stress environmentaux: Lutte et prévention Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte University of Carthage Zarzouna Tunisia
| | - Imed Maatouk
- Research Unit Risques Iiés aux stress environmentaux: Lutte et prévention Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte University of Carthage Zarzouna Tunisia
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Liu M, Zhao L, Gong G, Zhang L, Shi L, Dai J, Han Y, Wu Y, Khalil MM, Sun L. Invited review: Remediation strategies for mycotoxin control in feed. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:19. [PMID: 35090579 PMCID: PMC8796454 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of different species of fungi. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are the main mycotoxins contaminating animal feedstuffs. These mycotoxins can primarily induce hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, consequently cause adverse effects on the health and performance of animals. Therefore, physical, chemical, biological and nutritional regulation approaches have been developed as primary strategies for the decontamination and detoxification of these mycotoxins in the feed industry. Meanwhile, each of these techniques has its drawbacks, including inefficient, costly, or impractically applied on large scale. This review summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the different remediation strategies, as well as updates of the research progress of these strategies for AFB1, DON, ZEN and FB1 control in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guoxin Gong
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jiefan Dai
- Department of Agriculture of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha, 13736, Egypt
| | - Lvhui Sun
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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6
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Li L, Xiaoxue S, Yuchong Z, Jin W, Zilong L, Yuxi G, Shuai C, Youjun J, Jinying C. Application in photocatalytic degradation of zearalenone based on graphitic carbon nitride. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 37:190-198. [PMID: 34750938 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A semiconductor nano-material was prepared, and its degradation efficiency of zearalenone (ZEN) was studied. The photocatalytic material graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) was synthesized by the traditional method of hot cracking. Its structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic degradation experiment showed that under the irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) lamp (254 nm, including 185 nm), g-C3 N4 could induce photocatalytic effect, which provided a new method for the degradation of ZEN in real powder samples. The experimental conditions of photocatalytic degradation of the primary reference material of ZEN and ZEN in real powder samples were explored. And the degradation products of ZEN were analyzed after high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Under each optimal experimental conditions, the degradation rate on primary reference material of ZEN and ZEN in real powder samples was 96.0% and 50.0%, respectively. The results in this work provide a theoretical reference and practical basis for the photocatalytic degradation of mycotoxin in real powder samples by g-C3 N4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Xiaoxue
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Yuchong
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Jin
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Liao Zilong
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu Yuxi
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Shuai
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Youjun
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Jinying
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
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Zoghi A, Darani KK, Hekmatdoost A. Effects of Pretreatments on Patulin Removal from Apple Juices Using Lactobacilli: Binding Stability in Simulated Gastrointestinal Condition and Modeling. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:135-145. [PMID: 32572682 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, researchers have reported the presence of patulin as a mycotoxin in commercial apple products, especially apple juices. The aim of this study was to assess adsorption of patulin from artificially contaminated apple juice using two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014. Furthermore, effects of five physical and chemical pretreatments on the patulin adsorption were investigated. Results demonstrated that patulin adsorption abilities of both strains increased with NaOH pretreatment but decreased after autoclaving. The NaOH-treated L. plantarum ATCC 8014 showed the best removal rate (59.74%) after 48 h of refrigerated storage, compared with the NaOH-treated L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 (52.36%). Moreover, stability of the LAB-patulin complex was assessed in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and a low quantity of patulin was released into the solution. The patulin adsorption process by NaOH-treated L. plantarum ATCC 8014 followed Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that polysaccharide and protein components of the L. plantarum ATCC 8014 cell wall played key roles in patulin adsorption. The major functional groups of the cell wall that were involved in adsorbing patulin included -OH/-NH, -CH2, C=O, and C-O groups. The current results suggest that NaOH-treated L. plantarum ATCC 8014 cells include the potential to detoxify patulin-contaminated apple juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaleh Zoghi
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, P.O. Box 193954741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kianoush Khosravi Darani
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, P.O. Box 193954741, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Mir SA, Dar BN, Shah MA, Sofi SA, Hamdani AM, Oliveira CAF, Hashemi Moosavi M, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Sant'Ana AS. Application of new technologies in decontamination of mycotoxins in cereal grains: Challenges, and perspectives. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111976. [PMID: 33422602 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging decontamination technologies have been attracted considerable attention to address the consumers' demand for high quality and safe food products. As one of the important foods in the human diet, cereals are usually stored for long periods, resulting in an increased risk of contamination by different hazards. Mycotoxins comprise one of the significant contaminants of cereals that lead to enormous economic losses to the industry and threats to human health. While prevention is the primary approach towards reducing human exposure to mycotoxins, decontamination methods have also been developed as complementary measures. However, some conventional methods (chemical treatments) do not fulfill industries' expectations due to limitations like safety, efficiency, and the destruction of food quality attributes. In this regard, novel techniques have been proposed to food to comply with the industry's demand and overcome conventional methods' limitations. Novel techniques have different efficiencies for removing or reducing mycotoxins depending on processing conditions, type of mycotoxin, and the food matrix. Therefore, this review provides an overview of novel mycotoxin decontamination technologies such as cold plasma, irradiation, and pulse light, which can be efficient for reducing mycotoxins with minimum adverse effects on the quality and nutritional properties of produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government College for Women, M. A. Road, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - B N Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science & Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Shah
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government PG College for Women, Gandhi Nagar, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Sofi
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science & Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Afshan Mumtaz Hamdani
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government College for Women, M. A. Road, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Carlos A F Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Motahareh Hashemi Moosavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Microbial radiosensitization using combined treatments of essential oils and irradiation- part B: Comparison between gamma-ray and X-ray at different dose rates. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104118. [PMID: 32147410 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stored rice and rice products are prone to contamination by pathogenic fungi and bacteria such as Aspergillus niger, Bacillus cereus, and Paenibacillus amylolyticus. Treatment with antimicrobial essential oils (EOs) and irradiation are options to control spoilage organisms. Microbial samples with or without fumigation with an oregano/thyme EO mixture were irradiated at 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 kGy for calculation of a D10 value. The relative sensitivity was calculated as the ratio of D10 values for the irradiation plus oregano and thyme EO combination and irradiation alone treatments. In all cases, irradiation plus fumigation with the oregano and thyme EO mixture showed increased efficacy compared with irradiation alone. The relative sensitivity of γ-ray irradiation against A. niger was 1.22, 1.33, and 1.24 for radiation dose rates of 10.445, 4.558, and 0.085 kGy/h, respectively, however against B. cereus it was 1.28, 1.45, and 1.49, and against P. amylolyticus it was 1.35, 1.33, and 1.38, for respective γ-ray irradiation dose rates. The relative sensitivity of X-ray irradiation against A. niger, B. cereus, and P. amylolyticus was 1.63, 1.21, and 1.31, respectively, at the X-ray dose rate of 0.76 kGy/h. The results showed that the relative sensitivity of γ-ray irradiation was higher against the two bacteria than the fungus, whereas X-ray showed higher sensitivity against the fungus than the two bacteria. There was no consistent positive or negative relationship between dose rate and relative sensitivity. The results demonstrated the potential of an oregano and thyme EOs mixture as an antimicrobial agent and its efficacy to increase the radiosensitization of A. niger, B. cereus, and P. amylolyticus during γ-ray or X-ray irradiation treatments.
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Maatouk I, Mehrez A, Amara AB, Chayma R, Abid S, Jerbi T, Landoulsi A. Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Ochratoxin A Stability and Cytotoxicity in Methanolic Solutions and Potential Application in Tunisian Millet Samples. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1433-1439. [PMID: 31339370 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gamma irradiation is a useful technology for degrading mycotoxins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of irradiation on ochratoxin A (OTA) stability under different conditions. OTA was irradiated in methanolic solution and on millet flour at doses of 2 and 4 kGy. Residual OTA concentrations and possible degradation products in irradiated samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The extent of in vitro cytotoxicity of OTA to HepG2 cells, with and without irradiation treatment, was assessed with an MTT assay. OTA was more sensitive to gamma radiation on Tunisian millet flour than in methanolic solutions. After irradiation of naturally contaminated millet flour, the OTA concentration was significantly reduced by 48 and 62% at a dose of 2 and 4 kGy, respectively. However, in the methanolic solution, OTA at concentrations of 1 and 5 μg mL-1 was relatively stable even at a dose of 4 kGy, with no degradation products detected in the chemical analysis. Analytical results were confirmed by cell culture assays. The remaining cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of OTA following irradiation was not significantly affected compared with the controls. These findings indicate that gamma irradiation could offer a solution for OTA decontamination in the postharvest processing chain of millet flour. However, the associated toxicological hazard of decontaminated food matrices needs more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imed Maatouk
- 1 Research Unit Risques Iiés aux stress environmentaux: Lutte et prévention, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Amel Mehrez
- 1 Research Unit Risques Iiés aux stress environmentaux: Lutte et prévention, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Aya Ben Amara
- 1 Research Unit Risques Iiés aux stress environmentaux: Lutte et prévention, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Ragoubi Chayma
- 1 Research Unit Risques Iiés aux stress environmentaux: Lutte et prévention, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid
- 2 Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Taieb Jerbi
- 3 National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Tunis cedex 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- 1 Research Unit Risques Iiés aux stress environmentaux: Lutte et prévention, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
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De Middeleer G, Leys N, Sas B, De Saeger S. Fungi and Mycotoxins in Space-A Review. ASTROBIOLOGY 2019; 19:915-926. [PMID: 30973270 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are not only present on Earth but colonize spacecraft and space stations as well. This review provides an extensive overview of the large and diverse group of fungal species that have been found in space, as well as those corresponding detection methods used and the existing and potential future prevention and control strategies. Many of the identified fungal species in space, such as Aspergillus flavus and Alternaria sp., are mycotoxigenic; thus, they are potential mycotoxin producers. This indicates that, although the fungal load in space stations tends to be non-alarming, the effects should not be underestimated, since the effect of the space environment on mycotoxin production should be sufficiently studied as well. However, research focused on mycotoxin production under conditions found on space stations is essentially nonexistent, since these kinds of spaceflight experiments are rare. Consequently, it is recommended that detection and monitoring systems for fungi and mycotoxins in space are at some point prioritized such that investigations into the impact of the space environment on mycotoxin production is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilke De Middeleer
- 1Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- 2Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary BioSciences Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Benedikt Sas
- 3Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- 1Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kapetanakou AE, Nestora S, Evageliou V, Skandamis PN. Sodium alginate–cinnamon essential oil coated apples and pears: Variability of Aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin A production. Food Res Int 2019; 119:876-885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Magzoub R, Yassin A, Abdel-Rahim A, Gubartallah E, Miskam M, Saad B, Sabar S. Photocatalytic detoxification of aflatoxins in Sudanese peanut oil using immobilized titanium dioxide. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ahmed MM, Abdalla IG, Salih AM, Hassan AB. Effect of gamma radiation on storability and functional properties of sorghum grains ( Sorghum bicolor L.). Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1933-1939. [PMID: 30349683 PMCID: PMC6189617 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation at dose levels of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 kGy on fungal growth, free fatty acids, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), protein solubility, and functional properties of sorghum grains. Results indicated that radiation process enhanced the storability properties. It eliminates the fungal incidence particularly at the higher doses 4.0 and 5.0 kGy, and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the content of the free fatty acids to the level 3.4-3.2 mg/g. Moreover, a significant increase in IVPD and soluble protein was noticed in irradiated grains as compared to non-irradiated sample and this increased with the increase in dose; however, maximum IVPD (17.6%) and protein solubility (11.7%) were observed in sorghum grains irradiated at 2.0 kGy. On the other hand, a significant reduction in emulsion capacity was observed after radiation of grains, however, the emulsion activity and stability were stable up to 1.0 kGy. The foaming properties of the radiated sample show no significant change particular at low doses up to 2.0 kGy when they are compared to untreated samples. It can be concluded that low doses of gamma irradiation might improve the storability and quality characteristics of sorghum grains and can be used as an effective alternative postharvest method for preserving and extending the shelf life of sorghum and its products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manahel Mohammed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Ismat G. Abdalla
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - A. M. Salih
- Institute of chemistry and Nuclear PhysicsSudanese Atomic Energy Commission (SAEC)KhartoumSudan
| | - Amro B. Hassan
- Environment and Natural Resource and Desertification Research Institute (ENDRI)National Center for ResearchKhartoumSudan
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Yu W, Liu H, Zhang X, Dong D, Jiang Y, Sun N, Liu Y, Yuan J. Postirradiation changes of the microbiological quality, aflatoxin, capsinoids, volatile oils, and the color of red pepper powder. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science & TechnologyTianjin 300457 China
| | - Hui‐Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science & TechnologyTianjin 300457 China
| | - Xiao‐Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science & TechnologyTianjin 300457 China
| | - Dan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science & TechnologyTianjin 300457 China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science & TechnologyTianjin 300457 China
| | - Na‐Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science & TechnologyTianjin 300457 China
| | - Yi‐Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science & TechnologyTianjin 300457 China
| | - Jin‐Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science & TechnologyTianjin 300457 China
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Is Gamma Radiation Suitable to Preserve Phenolic Compounds and to Decontaminate Mycotoxins in Aromatic Plants? A Case-Study with Aloysia citrodora Paláu. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030347. [PMID: 28241497 PMCID: PMC6155410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of gamma radiation on the preservation of phenolic compounds and on decontamination of dry herbs in terms of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), using Aloysia citrodora Paláu as a case study. For this purpose, artificially contaminated dry leaves were submitted to gamma radiation at different doses (1, 5, and 10 kGy; at dose rate of 1.7 kGy/h). Phenolic compounds were analysed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and mycotoxin levels were determined by HPLC-fluorescence. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified in the samples and despite the apparent degradation of some compounds (namely verbasoside), 1 and 10 kGy doses point to a preservation of the majority of the compounds. The mean mycotoxin reduction varied between 5.3% and 9.6% for OTA and from 4.9% to 5.2% for AFB1. It was not observed a significant effect of the irradiation treatments on mycotoxin levels, and a slight degradation of the phenolic compounds in the irradiated samples was observed.
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Hussain F, Iqbal M, Shah SZ, Qamar MA, Bokhari TH, Abbas M, Younus M. Sunflower germination and growth behavior under various gamma radiation absorbed doses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Xiong K, Wang XL, Zhi HW, Sun BG, Li XT. Identification and safety evaluation of a product from the biodegradation of ochratoxin A by an Aspergillus strain. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:434-443. [PMID: 27059118 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ochratoxin A (OTA) poses a serious health hazard throughout the world and is often reported in food commodities. At present, biological approaches to detoxifying OTA are now widely considered to be the most promising methods. RESULTS In this study, a strain that was identified as Aspergillus niger was isolated, and it has a strong ability to detoxify OTA. The degradation product (compound 1) of OTA was treated with crude enzyme. The product has been isolated and identified as C11 H9 O5 Cl (ochratoxin α), which is a weak lipophilic molecule, in contrast to fat-soluble OTA. The cytotoxic response of compound 1 was revealed to be different to that of OTA. Compound 1 does not induce cellular oxidative damage in comparison with OTA, which may cause lipid peroxidation (MDA), reduce SOD activity and induce DNA damage. CONCLUSION This study indicates that A. niger has the ability to detoxify OTA. The OTA degradation product, ochratoxin α, does not exert cytotoxic effects on cell metabolism. A. niger has prospective uses for the OTA decontamination of food and agricultural fields. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiong
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hui-Wei Zhi
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Bao-Guo Sun
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiu-Ting Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
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Ben-Fadhel Y, Saltaji S, Khlifi MA, Salmieri S, Dang Vu K, Lacroix M. Active edible coating and γ-irradiation as cold combined treatments to assure the safety of broccoli florets ( Brassica oleracea L.). Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 241:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kanapitsas A, Batrinou A, Aravantinos A, Sflomos C, Markaki P. Gamma radiation inhibits the production of Ochratoxin A by Aspergillus carbonarius. Development of a method for OTA determination in raisins. FOOD BIOSCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ameer Sumbal G, Hussain Shar Z, Hussain Sherazi ST, Nizamani SM, Mahesar SA. Decontamination of poultry feed from ochratoxin A by UV and sunlight radiations. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2668-2673. [PMID: 26300478 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycotoxin-contaminated feed is very dangerous for the growth and even life of poultry. The objective of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of ultra-violet irradiation for decontamination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in spiked and naturally contaminated poultry feed samples. Spiked and naturally contaminated feed samples were irradiated with ultra-violet light (UV) at distance of 25 cm over the feed samples. In vitro, the effect of UV intensity (0.1 mW cm(-2) at 254 nm UV-C) on different types of poultry feeds contaminated with OTA was evaluated. The same samples were also irradiated with sunlight and analysed for OTA by an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS Poultry feed samples containing 500 µg kg(-1) were 100% decontaminated in 180 min with UV radiation while OTA was decreased to 70-95 µg kg(-1) using the same poultry feed samples after 8 h sunlight irradiation. Therefore, UV light was found to be more effective. Only 1 h of UV irradiation was found to be sufficient to bring the OTA level to the maximum regulatory limit suggested for poultry feeds (100 µg kg(-1) ), while 8 h were needed to obtain this level using sunlight radiations. CONCLUSION The proposed approach is a viable option to reduce the level of OTA in contaminated poultry feeds. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Ameer Sumbal
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain Shar
- Dr M.A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | | | - Shafi Muhammad Nizamani
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Safaraz Ahmed Mahesar
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
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Mehrez A, Maatouk I, Romero-González R, Amara AB, Kraiem M, Frenich AG, Landoulsi A. Assessment of ochratoxin A stability following gamma irradiation: experimental approaches for feed detoxification perspectives. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation on the stability of ochratoxin A (OTA) under various conditions. The effects of the physical state of OTA (solid vs aqueous), initial OTA concentration, irradiation dose and dose rate as well as the presence of model substances simulating food matrix compounds on OTA radiostability were investigated. First, pure OTA with and without food model compounds including α-D-glucose (monosaccharide), Methyl α-D-glucopyranoside (starch) and the amino acid derivatives N-α-acetyl-L-lysine methyl ester and N-α-acetyl-L-cysteine methyl ester (protein models) were irradiated with doses of 2, 4 and 8 kGy applied at 15.117 and 108.24 Gy/min. Secondly, artificially OTA-contaminated wheat with different moisture content (11, 14 and 16%) was irradiated with doses of 2, 4 and 8 kGy applied at 63.39 Gy/min. Residual OTA levels were analysed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Solid OTA (50 and 3,200 ng/ml)showed great irradiation stability, even with irradiation doses up to 8 kGy. Under dry conditions, the presence of food model components did not affect OTA radiostability. However, in an aqueous solution, complete reduction was achieved at the initial OTA concentration of 50 ng/ml and irradiation dose of 2 kGy. Applying gamma irradiation to cereal-based food model systems produced a significant OTA reduction (5,000 µg/kg) of 47.2% in moistened wheat kernels (16%) with an absorbed dose of 8 kGy but failed to reduce the OTA content of low moisture content wheat (11%). These model experiments offered a useful tool to assess the main key factors affecting gamma irradiation-induced OTA reduction. Gamma irradiation is promising since the irradiation doses applied could partially reduce OTA contamination. Nevertheless, its efficacy was largely affected by initial moisture content and could be dangerous if toxic by-products are produced or nutritive quality is lost and needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mehrez
- Unité de Biochimie des Lipides et Interaction des Macromolécules en Biologie (03/UR/0902), Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - I. Maatouk
- Unité de Biochimie des Lipides et Interaction des Macromolécules en Biologie (03/UR/0902), Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - R. Romero-González
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), University of Almería, Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A. Ben Amara
- Unité de Biochimie des Lipides et Interaction des Macromolécules en Biologie (03/UR/0902), Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - M. Kraiem
- National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), 2020 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - A. Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), University of Almería, Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A. Landoulsi
- Unité de Biochimie des Lipides et Interaction des Macromolécules en Biologie (03/UR/0902), Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
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Mahmoud NS, Awad SH, Madani RMA, Osman FA, Elmamoun K, Hassan AB. Effect of γ radiation processing on fungal growth and quality characteristcs of millet grains. Food Sci Nutr 2015; 4:342-7. [PMID: 27247763 PMCID: PMC4867753 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation processing of millet grains on fungal incidence, germination, free fatty acids content, protein solubility, digestible protein, and antinutritional factors (tannin and phytic acid). The grains were exposed to gamma radiation at doses 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0 kGy. Obtained results revealed that radiation of millet grains at a dose level higher than 0.5 kGy caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction on the percentage of fungal incidence and the free fatty acid of the seeds, while, no significant change in the germination capacity was observed of the grains after radiation. Additionally, the radiation process caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction on both tannins and phytic acid content and gradual increment on in vitro protein digestibility of the grains. On the other hand, the treatments significantly (P < 0.05) increased the protein solubility of the grains. Obtained results indicate that gamma irradiation might improve the quality characteristics of millet grains, and can be used as a postharvest method for disinfestations and decontamination of millet grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat S Mahmoud
- Environment and Natural Resource and Desertification Research Institute (ENDRI) National Center for Research PO Box 6096 Khartoum Sudan
| | - Sahar H Awad
- Environment and Natural Resource and Desertification Research Institute (ENDRI) National Center for Research PO Box 6096 Khartoum Sudan
| | - Rayan M A Madani
- Environment and Natural Resource and Desertification Research Institute (ENDRI) National Center for Research PO Box 6096 Khartoum Sudan
| | - Fahmi A Osman
- Environment and Natural Resource and Desertification Research Institute (ENDRI) National Center for Research PO Box 6096 Khartoum Sudan
| | | | - Amro B Hassan
- Environment and Natural Resource and Desertification Research Institute (ENDRI) National Center for Research PO Box 6096 Khartoum Sudan
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Peng C, Ding Y, An F, Wang L, Li S, Nie Y, Zhou L, Li Y, Wang C, Li S. Degradation of ochratoxin A in aqueous solutions by electron beam irradiation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Quality characteristics of oil extracted from gamma irradiated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.). Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hossain F, Follett P, Vu KD, Salmieri S, Senoussi C, Lacroix M. Radiosensitization of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum using basil essential oil and ionizing radiation for food decontamination. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nemţanu MR, Braşoveanu M, Karaca G, Erper İ. Inactivation effect of electron beam irradiation on fungal load of naturally contaminated maize seeds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2668-2673. [PMID: 24604474 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work focuses on the effect of accelerated electrons (0.1-6.2 kGy) on naturally attached fungi on maize seeds. The fungal viability and corresponding inactivation kinetics were determined. The inactivation and radiosensitivity of the most abundant species in the contaminant fungi detected on maize seeds (Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp.) are discussed. RESULTS Fungal contamination of maize seeds decreased significantly with increasing irradiation dose. The survival curve of total fungi determined by the blotter test showed a sigmoidal pattern that can be attributed to the mixture of fungal subpopulations with different radiation sensitivities. This behaviour could be modelled well (R² = 0.995) with a modified Gompertz equation. The predicted values for shoulder length and inactivation rate were 0.63 ± 0.10 kGy and 0.44 ± 0.04 kGy⁻¹ respectively. The sensitivity of the most common fungi to electron beam treatment followed the order Penicillium spp. > Fusarium spp. > Aspergillus spp., with total inactivation at irradiation doses of 1.7, 2.5 and 4.8 kGy respectively. CONCLUSION The effect of electron beam treatment against fungi on naturally contaminated maize seeds depended on irradiation dose, allowing the control of maize fungal load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Nemţanu
- Electron Accelerators Laboratory, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, PO Box MG-36, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
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Calado T, Venâncio A, Abrunhosa L. Irradiation for Mold and Mycotoxin Control: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Calado
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering; Univ. of Minho; Campus de Gualtar; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Armando Venâncio
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering; Univ. of Minho; Campus de Gualtar; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Luís Abrunhosa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering; Univ. of Minho; Campus de Gualtar; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
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Yang J, Li J, Jiang Y, Duan X, Qu H, Yang B, Chen F, Sivakumar D. Natural occurrence, analysis, and prevention of mycotoxins in fruits and their processed products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:64-83. [PMID: 24188233 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.569860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are small toxic chemical products formed as the secondary metabolites by fungi that readily contaminate foods with toxins in the field or after harvest. The presence of mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and patulin, in fruits and their processed products is of high concern for human health due to their properties to induce severe acute and chronic toxicity at low-dose levels. Currently, a broad range of detection techniques used for practical analysis and detection of a wide spectrum of mycotoxins are available. Many analytical methods have been developed for the determination of each group of these mycotoxins in different food matrices, but new methods are still required to achieve higher sensitivity and address other challenges that are posed by these mycotoxins. Effective technologies are needed to reduce or even eliminate the presence of the mycotoxins in fruits and their processed products. Preventive measures aimed at the inhibition of mycotoxin formation in fruits and their processed products are the most effective approach. Detoxification of mycotoxins by different physical, chemical, and biological methods are less effective and sometimes restricted because of concerns of safety, possible losses in nutritional quality of the treated commodities and cost implications. This article reviewed the available information on the major mycotoxins found in foods and feeds, with an emphasis of fruits and their processed products, and the analytical methods used for their determination. Based on the current knowledge, the major strategies to prevent or even eliminate the presence of the mycotoxins in fruits and their processed products were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , People's Republic of China
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Lanza C, Mazzaglia A, Paladino R, Auditore L, Barnà R, Loria D, Trifirò A, Trimarchi M, Bellia G. Characterization of peeled and unpeeled almond (Prunus amygdalus) flour after electron beam processing. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Iqbal Q, Amjad M, Asi MR, Ariño A. Mold and aflatoxin reduction by gamma radiation of packed hot peppers and their evolution during storage. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1528-31. [PMID: 22856582 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of gamma radiation on moisture content, total mold counts, Aspergillus counts, and aflatoxins of three hot pepper hybrids (Sky Red, Maha, and Wonder King) was investigated. Whole dried peppers packed in polyethylene bags were gamma irradiated at 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 kGy and stored at 25°C for 90 days. Gamma radiation proved to be effective in reducing total mold and Aspergillus counts in a dose-dependent relationship. Total mold counts in irradiated peppers immediately after treatments were significantly lowered compared with those in nonirradiated samples, achieving 90 and 99% reduction at 2- and 4-kGy doses, respectively. Aspergillus counts were significantly reduced, by 93 and 97%, immediately after irradiation at doses of 2 and 4 kGy, respectively. A radiation dose of 6 kGy completely eliminated the population of total molds and Aspergillus fungi. The evolution of total molds in control and irradiated samples indicated no further fungal proliferation during 3 months of storage at 25°C. Aflatoxin levels were slightly affected by radiation doses of 2 and 4 kGy and showed a nonsignificant reduction of 6% at the highest radiation dose of 6 kGy. The distinct effectiveness of gamma radiation in molds and aflatoxins can be explained by the target theory of food irradiation, which states that the likelihood of a microorganism or a molecule being inactivated by gamma rays increases as its size increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qumer Iqbal
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Anli E, Alkis İM. Ochratoxin A and Brewing Technology: A Review. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2010.tb00394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kumar S, Kunwar A, Gautam S, Sharma A. Inactivation of A. ochraceus Spores and Detoxification of Ochratoxin A in Coffee Beans by Gamma Irradiation. J Food Sci 2012; 77:T44-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Neutralized electrolyzed water efficiently reduces Fusarium spp. in vitro and on wheat kernels but can trigger deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mexis SF, Riganakos KA, Kontominas MG. Effect of irradiation, active and modified atmosphere packaging, container oxygen barrier and storage conditions on the physicochemical and sensory properties of raw unpeeled almond kernels (Prunus dulcis). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:634-649. [PMID: 21302317 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the effect of irradiation, active and modified atmosphere packaging, and storage conditions on quality retention of raw, whole, unpeeled almonds. Almond kernels were packaged in barrier and high-barrier pouches, under N(2) or with an O(2) absorber and stored either under fluorescent lighting or in the dark at 20 °C for 12 months. Quality parameters monitored were peroxide value, hexanal content, colour, fatty acid composition and volatile compounds. Of the sensory attributes colour, texture, odour and taste were evaluated. RESULTS Peroxide value and hexanal increased with dose of irradiation and storage time. Irradiation resulted in a decrease of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids during storage with a parallel increase of saturated fatty acids. Volatile compounds were not affected by irradiation but increased with storage time indicating enhanced lipid oxidation. Colour parameters of samples remained unaffected immediately after irradiation. For samples packaged under a N(2) , atmosphere L and b values decreased during storage with a parallel increase of value a resulting to gradual product darkening especially in irradiated samples. CONCLUSION Non-irradiated almonds retained acceptable quality for ca. 12 months stored at 20 °C with the O(2) absorber irrespective of lighting conditions and packaging material oxygen barrier. The respective shelf life for samples irradiated at 1.0 kGy was 12 months packaged in PET-SiOx//LDPE irrespective of lighting conditions and 12 months for samples irradiated at 3 kGy packaged in PET-SiOx//LDPE stored in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatios F Mexis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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Influence of gamma radiation on productivity parameters of chicken fed mycotoxin-contaminated corn. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 68:1903-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Varga J, Kocsubé S, Péteri Z, Vágvölgyi C, Tóth B. Chemical, physical and biological approaches to prevent ochratoxin induced toxicoses in humans and animals. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:1718-50. [PMID: 22069658 PMCID: PMC3153271 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2071718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxins are polyketide derived fungal secondary metabolites with nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties. Ochratoxin-producing fungi may contaminate agricultural products in the field (preharvest spoilage), during storage (postharvest spoilage), or during processing. Ochratoxin contamination of foods and feeds poses a serious health hazard to animals and humans. Several strategies have been investigated for lowering the ochratoxin content in agricultural products. These strategies can be classified into three main categories: prevention of ochratoxin contamination, decontamination or detoxification of foods contaminated with ochratoxins, and inhibition of the absorption of consumed ochratoxins in the gastrointestinal tract. This paper gives an overview of the strategies that are promising with regard to lowering the ochratoxin burden of animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.K.); (Z.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.K.); (Z.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Zsanett Péteri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.K.); (Z.P.); (C.V.)
- PannonPharma Company, Mária dűlő 36, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.K.); (Z.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Beáta Tóth
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Limited Company, Alsókikötő sor 9, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.T.)
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Effect of γ-irradiation on the physicochemical and sensory properties of cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Amézqueta S, González-Peñas E, Murillo-Arbizu M, López de Cerain A. Ochratoxin A decontamination: A review. Food Control 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mexis S, Badeka A, Chouliara E, Riganakos K, Kontominas M. Effect of γ-irradiation on the physicochemical and sensory properties of raw unpeeled almond kernels (Prunus dulcis). INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aziz NH, El-Far FM, Shahin AA, Roushy SM. Control of Fusarium moulds and fumonisin B1 in seeds by gamma-irradiation. Food Control 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ic E, Kottapalli B, Maxim J, Pillai SD. Electron beam radiation of dried fruits and nuts to reduce yeast and mold bioburden. J Food Prot 2007; 70:981-5. [PMID: 17477270 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.4.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dried fruits and nuts make up a significant portion of the commodities traded globally, and the presence of yeasts and molds on dried fruits and nuts can be a public health risk because of the potential for exposure to toxigenic fungi. Since current postharvest treatment technologies are rather limited for dried fruits and nuts, electron beam (E-beam) radiation experiments were performed to determine the doses required to reduce the yeast and mold bioburden of raisins, walnuts, and dates. The indigenous yeast and mold bioburden on a select number of commodities sold at retail ranged from 10(2) to 10(3) CFU/g. E-beam inactivation kinetics based on the linear model suggest that the decimal reduction dose required to eliminate 90% of the microbial population (D10-value) of these indigenous fungal populations ranges from 1.09 to 1.59 kGy. Some samples, however, exhibited inactivation kinetics that were better modeled by a quadratic model. The results indicate that different commodities can contain molds and yeasts of varying resistance to ionizing radiation. It is thus essential for the dried fruit and nut industry to determine empirically the minimum E-beam dose that is capable of reducing or eliminating the bioburden of yeasts and molds in their specific commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Ic
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, ANRCAAS, 06983, Ankara, Turkey
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AZIZ NAGYH, MATTAR ZAKARIAAHMED, MAHROUS SOUZANROUSDY. CONTAMINATION OF GRAINS BY MYCOTOXIN-PRODUCING MOLDS AND MYCOTOXINS AND CONTROL BY GAMMA IRRADIATION. J Food Saf 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2006.00042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Schmidt HM, Palekar MP, Maxim JE, Castillo A. Improving the microbiological quality and safety of fresh-cut tomatoes by low-dose electron beam irradiation. J Food Prot 2006; 69:575-81. [PMID: 16541688 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.3.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of electron beam irradiation on microbiological quality and safety of fresh-cut tomatoes was studied. Fresh tomatoes were obtained from a local supplier and then cut into cubes that were separated from the stem scars. Both cubes and stem scars were inoculated with a rifampin-resistant strain of either Salmonella Montevideo or Salmonella Agona, separated into treatment groups, and treated by electron beam irradiation at 0.0 (control), 0.7, or 0.95 kGy. The effect of electron beam irradiation on Salmonella, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and mold counts and pH of tomato cubes and stem scars was determined over a 15-day storage period at 4 degrees C. Results indicated that although irradiation treatment significantly reduced most microbial populations on tomato samples, there were no differences in the reduction of microbial populations between treatments of 0.7 and 0.95 kGy. Irradiation at either dose resulted in a significant reduction in Salmonella when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and molds were more resistant to irradiation than were Salmonella. No differences were detected between the two Salmonella serotypes in response to irradiation treatment. These results indicate that irradiation at doses of at least 0.7 kGy can be used for pathogen reduction in fresh-cut tomatoes. If the use of doses greater than 1 kGy were approved, this technology might be very effective for use in fresh-cut tomatoes to eliminate significant populations of pathogens and to ensure the microbial quality of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Martin Schmidt
- Department of Animal Science, 2471 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
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