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Ferreira B, Heredia A, Serpa J. An integrative view on glucagon function and putative role in the progression of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (pNETs) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112063. [PMID: 37678603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metabolism research area evolved greatly, however, is still unknown the impact of systemic metabolism control and diet on cancer. It makes sense that systemic regulators of metabolism can act directly on cancer cells and activate signalling, prompting metabolic remodelling needed to sustain cancer cell survival, tumour growth and disease progression. In the present review, we describe the main glucagon functions in the control of glycaemia and of metabolic pathways overall. Furthermore, an integrative view on how glucagon and related signalling pathways can contribute for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (pNETs) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) progression, since pancreas and liver are the major organs exposed to higher levels of glucagon, pancreas as a producer and liver as a scavenger. The main objective is to bring to discussion some glucagon-dependent mechanisms by presenting an integrative view on microenvironmental and systemic aspects in pNETs and HCC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Ferreira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adrián Heredia
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisboa, Portugal.
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2
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Liu P, Zhou Q, Li J. Integrated Multi-Omics Data Analysis Reveals Associations Between Glycosylation and Stemness in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:913432. [PMID: 35814473 PMCID: PMC9259879 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.913432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycosylation plays an essential role in driving the progression and treatment resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its function in regulating the acquisition and maintenance of the cancer stemness-like phenotype in HCC remains largely unknown. There is also very little known about how CAD and other potential glycosylation regulators may influence stemness. This study explores the relationship between glycosylation and stemness in HCC. Methods Gene set variance analysis (GSVA) was used to assess the TCGA pan-cancer enrichment in glycosylation-related pathways. Univariate, LASSO, and multivariate COX regression were then used to identify prognostic genes in the TCGA-LIHC and construct a prognostic signature. HCC patients were classified into high- and low-risk subgroups based on the signature. The relationship between gene expression profiles and stemness was confirmed using bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing data. The role of CAD and other genes in regulating the stemness of HCC was also validated by RT-qPCR, CCK-8, and colony formation assay. Copy number variation (CNV), immune infiltration, and clinical features were further analyzed in different subgroups and subsequent gene expression profiles. Sensitive drugs were also screened. Results In the pan-cancer analysis, HCC was shown to have specific glycosylation alterations. Five genes, CAD, SLC51B, LGALS3, B3GAT3, and MT3, identified from 572 glycosylation-related genes, were used to construct a gene signature and predict HCC patient survival in the TCGA cohort. The results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between patients in the high-risk group and both elevated gene expression and HCC dedifferentiation status. A significant reduction in the stemness-related markers, CD24, CD44, CD20, FOXM1, and EpCAM, was found after the knockdown of CAD and other genes in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Frequent mutations increased CNVs, immune-suppressive responses, and poor prognosis were also associated with the high-risk profile. The ICGC-LIRI-JP cohort confirmed a similar relationship between glycosylation-related subtypes and stemness. Finally, 84 sensitive drugs were screened for abnormal glycosylation of HCC, and carfilzomib was most highly correlated with CAD. Conclusions Glycosylation-related molecular subtypes are associated with HCC stemness and disease prognosis. These results provide new directions for further research on the relationship between glycosylation and stemness phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Second People’s Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Hepatology, Second People’s Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Li,
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3
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Abbas EAER, Barakat AB, Hassany M, Youssef SS. The role of BCL9 genetic variation as a biomarker for hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:4. [PMID: 34978646 PMCID: PMC8724383 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered one of the most common cancers related to mortality around the world, and susceptibility is related with genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Copy number variation of the Bcell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) gene is a type of structural variation which can influence gene expression and can be related with specific phenotypes and diseases and has a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Our aims were to assess the copy number variation (CNV) in the BCL9 gene and explore its role in HCV-related HCC Egyptian patients. A total of 50 HCV-related HCC patients were enrolled in the study (including 25 early HCC and 25 late HCC cases); the copy number of the BCL9 gene was detected using quantitative polymerase reaction. RESULTS There was a highly statistically significant difference between the two groups (early and late HCC patients) in gender, bilharziasis, performance status, child score class, child grade, focal lesion size, portal vein, and ascites. CNV was detected and represented by the gain in the BCL9 gene in 14% of patients, and all of them were males. Also, it was noticed that the ratio of gain in BCL9 copy number in late individuals was about 1.5 times than that in early HCC individuals. Moreover, our results showed that the distribution of performance status > 1, average and enlarged liver, focal lesion size, thrombosed portal vein, and AFP was higher in patients with BCL9 copy number gain. CONCLUSION We detected about 14% gain in BCL9 copy number in Egyptian HCC patients. But the variation in copy number of the BCL9 gene did not affect HCC development in our patients' cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abd El Razek Abbas
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Hassany
- Tropical Medicine Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Samir Youssef
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Cairo 12622 Egypt
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4
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Huang P, Xu Q, Yan Y, Lu Y, Hu Z, Ou B, Zhang H, Mao K, Zhang J, Wang J, Xiao Z. HBx/ERα complex-mediated LINC01352 downregulation promotes HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma via the miR-135b-APC axis. Oncogene 2020; 39:3774-3789. [PMID: 32157216 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial biomarkers and regulators in many cancers. Novel lncRNAs involved in the initiation and progression of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) need to be investigated. Here, we report that the long non-coding RNA LINC01352 is markedly downregulated by HBV/HBx (HBV X protein) in HCC cells and clinical samples. The LINC01352 expression level in HCC is an independent prognostic factor for survival. We found that HBx suppresses LINC01352 promoter activity by forming a complex with the estrogen receptor (ERα). Furthermore, using a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we confirmed that HBx promotes HCC cell growth and metastasis by inhibiting LINC01352 expression. Further investigation revealed that the downregulation of LINC01352, which acts as an endogenous sponge, increases the expression of miR-135b, leading to the reduced production of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), consequently activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling to facilitate tumour progression. These findings strongly suggest that the LINC01352-miR-135b-APC axis regulated by the HBx/ERα complex acts as an important pathogenic factor for tumour progression, which may help provide a theoretical basis for the identification of new therapeutic targets for HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinbo Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qiaodong Xu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yongcong Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yingjuan Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Bing Ou
- Department of Ultrasonography, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Heyun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kai Mao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianlong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Zhiyu Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Zhang P, Yuan M, Li X. Overexpression of miRNA-21 Promotes the Proliferation and Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Suppressing SMAD7. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819878686. [PMID: 31554487 PMCID: PMC6763940 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819878686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of microRNA-21 and smad family member 7 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Method: A total of 57 participants were divided into control group (healthy participants, n = 10) and hepatocellular carcinoma group (hepatocellular carcinoma patients, n = 37). The expression of microRNA-21 levels were first detected in these two groups. Cell transfection was performed on hepatoma cell lines, followed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Transwell assay to reveal proliferation and invasion ability. Furthermore, the relation between microRNA-21 and smad family member 7 was revealed by luciferase reporter gene and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Finally, a transplantation tumor model of breast cancer in mice was constructed. Results: The serum indicators including α-alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and albumin were differentially expressed between hepatocellular carcinoma group and control group. Compared to the control group, there was a high expression of microRNA-21 in hepatocellular carcinoma group. Low expression of microRNA-21 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HepG2.2.15 and Huh7-1.3 cells. Luciferase reporter gene and RNA innumoprecipitation assay showed that smad family member 7 was the target gene of microRNA-21. Moreover, mice model analysis showed that microRNA-21 might regulate the growth of the transplanted tumors in mice by targeting smad family member 7. Conclusion: The upregulated microRNA-21 might participate in the proliferation and migration in cells of hepatocellular carcinoma via suppression of smad family member 7. Furthermore, serum indicators such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and albumin might be used as serum diagnostic markers for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Chronic Disease Management Center, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Lab, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Clinical Lab, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of The 7th Inpatient Ward, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
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Perez S, Gevor M, Davidovich A, Kaspi A, Yamin K, Domovich T, Meirson T, Matityahu A, Brody Y, Stemmer SM, El-Osta A, Haviv I, Onn I, Gal-Tanamy M. Dysregulation of the cohesin subunit RAD21 by Hepatitis C virus mediates host-virus interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:2455-2471. [PMID: 30698808 PMCID: PMC6412124 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis, which often results in liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV possesses an RNA genome and its replication is confined to the cytoplasm. Yet, infection with HCV leads to global changes in gene expression, and chromosomal instability (CIN) in the host cell. The mechanisms by which the cytoplasmic virus affects these nuclear processes are elusive. Here, we show that HCV modulates the function of the Structural Maintenance of Chromosome (SMC) protein complex, cohesin, which tethers remote regions of chromatin. We demonstrate that infection of hepatoma cells with HCV leads to up regulation of the expression of the RAD21 cohesin subunit and changes cohesin residency on the chromatin. These changes regulate the expression of genes associated with virus-induced pathways. Furthermore, siRNA downregulation of viral-induced RAD21 reduces HCV infection. During mitosis, HCV infection induces hypercondensation of chromosomes and the appearance of multi-centrosomes. We provide evidence that the underlying mechanism involves the viral NS3/4 protease and the cohesin regulator, WAPL. Altogether, our results provide the first evidence that HCV induces changes in gene expression and chromosome structure of infected cells by modulating cohesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Perez
- Molecular Virology Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Cancer Personalized Medicine and Diagnostic Genomics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michael Gevor
- Molecular Virology Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Chromosome Instability and Dynamics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Ateret Davidovich
- Molecular Virology Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Antony Kaspi
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katreena Yamin
- Chromosome Instability and Dynamics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Tom Domovich
- Molecular Virology Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Tomer Meirson
- Cell Migration and Invasion Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Avi Matityahu
- Chromosome Instability and Dynamics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yehuda Brody
- The Broad institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Salomon M Stemmer
- Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Izhak Haviv
- Cancer Personalized Medicine and Diagnostic Genomics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Itay Onn
- Chromosome Instability and Dynamics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Meital Gal-Tanamy
- Molecular Virology Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Feo F, Simile MM, Pascale RM. Focal loss of long non-coding RNA-PRAL, as determinant of cell function and phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:183. [PMID: 27275496 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.03.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Feo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria M Simile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosa M Pascale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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8
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Zhou CC, Yang F, Yuan SX, Ma JZ, Liu F, Yuan JH, Bi FR, Lin KY, Yin JH, Cao GW, Zhou WP, Wang F, Sun SH. Systemic genome screening identifies the outcome associated focal loss of long noncoding RNA PRAL in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2016; 63:850-63. [PMID: 26663434 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Systemic analyses using large-scale genomic profiles have successfully identified cancer-driving somatic copy number variations (SCNVs) loci. However, functions of vast focal SCNVs in "protein-coding gene desert" regions are largely unknown. The integrative analysis of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles with SCNVs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) led us to identify the recurrent deletion of lncRNA-PRAL (p53 regulation-associated lncRNA) on chromosome 17p13.1, whose genomic alterations were significantly associated with reduced survival of HCC patients. We found that lncRNA-PRAL could inhibit HCC growth and induce apoptosis in vivo and in vitro through p53. Subsequent investigations indicated that the three stem-loop motifs at the 5' end of lncRNA-PRAL facilitated the combination of HSP90 and p53 and thus competitively inhibited MDM2-dependent p53 ubiquitination, resulting in enhanced p53 stability. Additionally, in vivo lncRNA-PRAL delivery efficiently reduced intrinsic tumors, indicating its potential therapeutic application. CONCLUSIONS lncRNA-PRAL, one of the key cancer-driving SCNVs, is a crucial stimulus for HCC growth and may serve as a potential target for antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-chuan Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fu Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sheng-xian Yuan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jin-zhao Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ji-hang Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Feng-rui Bi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kong-ying Lin
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jian-hua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guang-wen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei-ping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shu-han Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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9
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Chappell G, Silva GO, Uehara T, Pogribny IP, Rusyn I. Characterization of copy number alterations in a mouse model of fibrosis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma reveals concordance with human disease. Cancer Med 2016; 5:574-85. [PMID: 26778414 PMCID: PMC4799957 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent human cancer with rising incidence worldwide. Human HCC is frequently associated with chronic liver inflammation and cirrhosis, pathophysiological processes that are a consequence of chronic viral infection, disturbances in metabolism, or exposure to chemical toxicants. To better characterize the pathogenesis of HCC, we used a human disease‐relevant mouse model of fibrosis‐associated hepatocarcinogenesis. In this model, marked liver tumor response caused by the promutagenic chemical N‐nitrosodiethylamine in the presence of liver fibrosis was associated with epigenetic events indicative of genomic instability. Therefore, we hypothesized that DNA copy number alterations (CNAs), a feature of genomic instability and a common characteristic of cancer, are concordant between human HCC and mouse models of fibrosis‐associated hepatocarcinogenesis. We evaluated DNA CNAs and changes in gene expression in the mouse liver (normal, tumor, and nontumor fibrotic tissues). Additionally, we compared our findings to DNA CNAs in human HCC cases (tumor and nontumor cirrhotic/fibrotic tissues) using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We observed that while fibrotic liver tissue is largely devoid of DNA CNAs, highly frequently occurring DNA CNAs are found in mouse tumors, which is indicative of a profound increase in chromosomal instability in HCC. The cross‐species gene‐level comparison of CNAs identified shared regions of CNAs between human fibrosis‐ and cirrhosis‐associated liver tumors and mouse fibrosis‐associated HCC. Our results suggest that CNAs most commonly arise in neoplastic tissue rather than in fibrotic or cirrhotic liver, and demonstrate the utility of this mouse model in replicating the molecular features of human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Chappell
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843.,Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Grace O Silva
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599.,Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Takeki Uehara
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843
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10
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MicroRNA-135b, a HSF1 target, promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by regulating RECK and EVI5 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:2421-33. [PMID: 25537516 PMCID: PMC4385861 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) often localize to chromosomal fragile sites and are associated with cancer. In this study, we screened for the aberrant and functional miRNAs in the regions of copy number alterations (CNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and found that miR-135b was frequently amplified and upregulated in HCC tissues. The expression level of miR-135b was inversely correlated with the occurrence of tumor capsules. In addition, miR-135b promoted HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) and ecotropic viral integration site 5 (EVI5) were identified as the direct and functional targets of miR-135b in HCC. Furthermore, we observed that heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) directly activated miR-135b expression, consequently enhancing HCC cell motility and invasiveness. The newly identified HSF1/miR-135b/RECK&EVI5 axis provides novel insight into the mechanisms of HCC metastasis, which may facilitate the development of new therapeutics against HCC.
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11
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Zhao Z, Chen GY, Long J, Li H, Huang J. Genomic losses at 5q13.2 and 8p23.1 in dysplastic hepatocytes are common events in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2839-2846. [PMID: 26137157 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal loci with genomic imbalances are frequently identified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Greater than two-thirds of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCCs originate from liver cirrhosis following a duration of up to two decades. However, it is unclear whether these genomic imbalances occur and accumulate in dysplastic hepatocytes of the cirrhotic liver during the progression from regenerated nodules to preneoplastic lesions, including dysplastic nodules (DN). In the present study, high-grade DNs (HGDNs) of HBV-related liver cirrhosis were screened to identify loci with genomic imbalances, and the frequency of the identified loci in a group of HCCs was analyzed in order to determine whether there may be a genetic link between liver cirrhosis and HCC. Genomic DNA was extracted from six HGDNs of two cases of HBV-related liver cirrhosis and subjected to array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis with a NimbleGen 720K microarray. Loci with the most frequently observed genomic imbalances in DNs were further analyzed in 83 cases of HCC by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR. The array CGH analysis revealed that the majority of genomic imbalances in the HGDNs were genomic losses of small segments, with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 5q13.2 and 8p23.1 identified most frequently. Of the 83 HCC cases, 30 (36.1%) cases were identified with LOH at 5q13.2, where known tumor-associated genes are located, including general transcription factor IIH subunit 2 (GTF2H2), baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 1 (BIRC1) and occludin (OCLN). LOH frequency at 8p23.1 in HCC was 61.29% (D8S1130) and 68.4% (D8S503) respectively, similar to the results obtained in previous studies. In conclusion, the results of the present study provided evidence that genomic losses at 5q13.2 and 8p23.1 identified in dysplastic hepatocytes of the cirrhotic liver are common events in HCC. HCC-associated chromosomal abnormalities may occur and accumulate in preneoplastic lesions of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Long
- Minimally Invasive Hepatobiliary Cancer Center, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China ; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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12
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Zhang ZZ, Huang J, Wang YP, Cai B, Han ZG. NOXIN as a cofactor of DNA polymerase-primase complex could promote hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:765-75. [PMID: 25612832 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Zhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine of Rui-Jin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics; Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai; Shanghai China
| | - Jian Huang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics; Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai; Shanghai China
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine of Rui-Jin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics; Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai; Shanghai China
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu China
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine of Rui-Jin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics; Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
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13
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Cheung PFY, Yip CW, Ng LWC, Lo KW, Wong N, Choy KW, Chow C, Chan KF, Cheung TT, Poon RTP, Fan ST, Cheung ST. Establishment and characterization of a novel primary hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with metastatic ability in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:103. [PMID: 25349534 PMCID: PMC4209051 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous disease. HCC cell lines established from different patients would be useful in elucidating the molecular pathogenesis. However, success of HCC primary culture establishment remains at low rate. We aim to establish and characterize HCC primary culture and the derived cell line. Methods Fresh tumor tissues were collected from 30 HCC patients. Culture conditions were optimized for the attachment and growth of the isolated hepatocytes. Granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP), a growth factor reported to associate with cancer stem cell properties, was examined by flow cytometry to elucidate its role on primary culture establishment. The primary cell line was characterized in detail. Results Cells isolated from 16 out of 30 HCC cases (53%) had viability more than 70% and were subject to subsequent in vitro culture. 7 out of 16 cases (44%) could give rise to cells that were able to attach and grow in culture. GEP expression levels significantly correlated with the viability of isolated hepatocytes and success rate of subsequent primary culture establishment. Cells from HCC patient 21 grew and expanded rapidly in vitro and was selected to be further characterized. The line, designated HCC21, derived from a Hong Kong Chinese female patient with HCC at Stage II. The cells exhibited typical epithelial morphology and expressed albumin, AFP and HBV antigens. The cell line was authenticated by short tandem repeat analysis. Comparative genome hybridization analysis revealed chromosomal loss at 1p35-p36, 1q44, 2q11.2-q24.3, 2q37, 4q12-q13.3, 4q21.21-q35.2, 8p12-p23, 15q11.2-q14, 15q24-q26, 16p12.1-p13.3, 16q, 17p, 22q and gain at 1q21-q43 in both HCC21 cells and the original clinical tumor specimen. Sequence analysis revealed p53 gene mutation. Subcutaneous injection of HCC21 cells into immunodeficient mice showed that the cells were able to form tumors at the primary injection sites and metastatic tumors in the peritoneal cavity. Conclusions The newly established cell line could serve as useful in vitro and in vivo models for studying primary HCC that possess metastasis ability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-014-0103-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis Fung-Yi Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Yip
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linda Wing-Chi Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nathalie Wong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chit Chow
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui Fat Chan
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tan To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronnie Tung-Ping Poon
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheung Tat Fan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Tim Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Yeh YT, Dai HY, Chien CY. Amplification of MPZL1/PZR gene in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2014; 3:87-90. [PMID: 24812600 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.02.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. It is noted that metastasis is a fundamental biological behavior of HCC and the main cause of treatment failure. The identification of somatic alterations and their specific inhibitors may contribute to reduce side effects and prolong patient survival in HCC. Chromosomal copy number alterations (CNAs) are important subclasses of somatic mutations and can be used as an effective method of identifying driver genes with causal roles in carcinogenesis. Jia et al. identified a novel recurrent focal amplicon, 1q24.1-24.2, targets the MPZL1 gene in HCC. They also found that MPZL1 may recruit the SHP-2 and subsequently activate/phosphorylate Src kinase at Tyr426, promoting phosphorylation of cortactin and migration of HCC cells. It is noted that phosphorylation of Tyr416 in the activation loop of the kinase domain up-regulates enzyme activity of Src. In addition, the active state of c-Src, p-Tyr416-c-Src, is an independent prognostic marker of poor patient survival in HCC. Therefore, c-Src signaling may be a druggable target and c-Src targeted therapy may improve patient outcome in this specific subtype of HCC patient with a gain of the recurrent focal amplicon, 1q24.1-24.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tsung Yeh
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ying Dai
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Chien
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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Jia D, Jing Y, Zhang Z, Liu L, Ding J, Zhao F, Ge C, Wang Q, Chen T, Yao M, Li J, Gu J, He X. Amplification of MPZL1/PZR promotes tumor cell migration through Src-mediated phosphorylation of cortactin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Res 2013; 24:204-17. [PMID: 24296779 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified 1 241 regions of somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we found that a novel recurrent focal amplicon, 1q24.1-24.2, targets the MPZL1 gene in HCC. Notably, there is a positive correlation between the expression levels of MPZL1 and intrahepatic metastasis of the HCC specimens. MPZL1 can significantly enhance the migratory and metastatic potential of the HCC cells. Moreover, we found that one of the mechanisms by which MPZL1 promotes HCC cell migration is by inducing the phosphorylation and activation of the pro-metastatic protein, cortactin. Additionally, we found that Src kinase mediates the phosphorylation and activation of cortactin induced by MPZL1 overexpression. Taken together, these findings suggest that MPZL1 is a novel pro-metastatic gene targeted by a recurrent region of copy number amplification at 1q24.1-24.2 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshui Jia
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China [2] Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Jing
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China [2] Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Taoyang Chen
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu 226200, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianren Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Ramalingam R, Vaiyapuri M. Effects of umbelliferone on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Acute Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacme.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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McClendon AK, Dean JL, Ertel A, Fu Z, Rivadeneira DB, Reed CA, Bourgo RJ, Witkiewicz A, Addya S, Mayhew CN, Grimes HL, Fortina P, Knudsen ES. RB and p53 cooperate to prevent liver tumorigenesis in response to tissue damage. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1439-50. [PMID: 21704587 PMCID: PMC4562673 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The tumor suppressors retinoblastoma (RB) and p53 are important regulators of the cell cycle. Although human cancer cells inactivate RB and p53 by many mechanisms, the cooperative roles of these proteins in tumorigenesis are complex and tissue specific. We analyzed the cooperation of RB and p53 in liver development and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Spontaneous and carcinogen-induced (diethylnitrosamine) tumorigenesis were studied in mice with liver-specific deletions of Rb and/or p53 (Rbf/f;albcre+, p53f/f;albcre+ and Rbf/f; p53f/f;albcre+ mice). Genotype, histologic, immunohistochemical, microarray, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, and comparative genomic hybridization analyses were performed using normal and tumor samples. Comparative microarray analyses were performed against publicly available human microarray data sets. RESULTS Deletion of RB and p53 from livers of mice deregulated the transcriptional programs associated with human disease. These changes were not sufficient for spontaneous tumorigenesis; potent quiescence mechanisms compensated for loss of these tumor suppressors. In response to hepatocarcinogen-induced damage, distinct and cooperative roles of RB and p53 were revealed; their loss affected cell cycle control, checkpoint response, and genome stability. In damaged tissue, combined loss of RB and p53 resulted in early lesion formation, aggressive tumor progression, and gene expression signatures and histologic characteristics of advanced human hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The effects RB and p53 loss are determined by the tissue environment; cell stresses that promote aggressive disease reveal the functions of these tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kathleen McClendon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jeffry L. Dean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Adam Ertel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107,Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Zhiyan Fu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dayana B. Rivadeneira
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Christopher A. Reed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Ryan J. Bourgo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Agnieszka Witkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
| | - Sankar Addya
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Christopher N. Mayhew
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - H. Leighton Grimes
- Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Pathology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Division of Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107,Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Erik S. Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107,Correspondence: Erik S. Knudsen, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th St. BLSB 1002, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA, Tel: 215.503.8576, Fax: 215.923.4498,
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18
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Jia D, Wei L, Guo W, Zha R, Bao M, Chen Z, Zhao Y, Ge C, Zhao F, Chen T, Yao M, Li J, Wang H, Gu J, He X. Genome-wide copy number analyses identified novel cancer genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2011; 54:1227-36. [PMID: 21688285 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A powerful way to identify driver genes with causal roles in carcinogenesis is to detect genomic regions that undergo frequent alterations in cancers. Here we identified 1,241 regions of somatic copy number alterations in 58 paired hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors and adjacent nontumor tissues using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 6.0 arrays. Subsequently, by integrating copy number profiles with gene expression signatures derived from the same HCC patients, we identified 362 differentially expressed genes within the aberrant regions. Among these, 20 candidate genes were chosen for further functional assessments. One novel tumor suppressor (tripartite motif-containing 35 [TRIM35]) and two putative oncogenes (hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif 1 [HEY1] and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide E [SNRPE]) were discovered by various in vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity experiments. Importantly, it was demonstrated that decreases of TRIM35 expression are a frequent event in HCC and the expression level of TRIM35 was negatively correlated with tumor size, histological grade, and serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration. CONCLUSION These results showed that integration of genomic and transcriptional data offers powerful potential for identifying novel cancer genes in HCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshui Jia
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Colombo F, Baldan F, Mazzucchelli S, Martin-Padura I, Marighetti P, Cattaneo A, Foglieni B, Spreafico M, Guerneri S, Baccarin M, Bertolini F, Rossi G, Mazzaferro V, Cadamuro M, Maggioni M, Agnelli L, Rebulla P, Prati D, Porretti L. Evidence of distinct tumour-propagating cell populations with different properties in primary human hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21369. [PMID: 21731718 PMCID: PMC3121782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Increasing evidence that a number of malignancies are characterised by tumour cell heterogeneity has recently been published, but there is still a lack of data concerning liver cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate and characterise tumour-propagating cell (TPC) compartments within human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods After long-term culture, we identified three morphologically different tumour cell populations in a single HCC specimen, and extensively characterised them by means of flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, karyotyping and microarray analyses, single cell cloning, and xenotransplantation in NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ−/− mice. Results The primary cell populations (hcc-1, -2 and -3) and two clones generated by means of limiting dilutions from hcc-1 (clone-1/7 and -1/8) differently expressed a number of tumour-associated stem cell markers, including EpCAM, CD49f, CD44, CD133, CD56, Thy-1, ALDH and CK19, and also showed different doubling times, drug resistance and tumorigenic potential. Moreover, we found that ALDH expression, in combination with CD44 or Thy-1 negativity or CD56 positivity identified subpopulations with a higher clonogenic potential within hcc-1, hcc-2 and hcc-3 primary cell populations, respectively. Karyotyping revealed the clonal evolution of the cell populations and clones within the primary tumour. Importantly, the primary tumour cell population with the greatest tumorigenic potential and drug resistance showed more chromosomal alterations than the others and contained clones with epithelial and mesenchymal features. Conclusions Individual HCCs can harbor different self-renewing tumorigenic cell types expressing a variety of morphological and phenotypical markers, karyotypic evolution and different gene expression profiles. This suggests that the models of hepatic carcinogenesis should take into account TPC heterogeneity due to intratumour clonal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Colombo
- Experimental Hepatology Laboratory, Centre of Transfusion Medicine, Cellular Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Zheng J, Fu R, Li J, Wang X. CpG oligonucleotides suppress HepG2 cells-induced Jurkat cell apoptosis via the Fas-FasL-mediated pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2011; 30:48. [PMID: 21535900 PMCID: PMC3108921 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the potential role of CpG motif-containing oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN) in modulating the expression of FasL in HepG2 and Fas in Jurkat cells in vitro, and to examine the effect of CpG-ODN treatment on the HepG2 cells-mediated Jurkat cell apoptosis in vitro. Methods The expressions of FasL in HepG2 and Fas in Jurkat cells were examined by real time PCR and flow cytometry (FCM). HepG2 and Jurkat cells were co-cultured, and the frequency of apoptotic Jurkat cells and levels of activated caspase-3 were determined by FCM. Results Treatment with CpG-ODN down-regulated the expression of FasL in HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with CpG-ODN down-regulated the Fas mRNA transcription and protein expression in Jurkat cells. Treatment of HepG2 cells or Jurkat cells with FasL-neutralizing antibody NOK-2 remarkably inhibited the HepG2-medaited Jurkat cell apoptosis. Pre-treatment of HepG2 or Jurkat cells with CpG-ODN significantly reduced the frequency of HepG2-mediated apoptotic Jurkat cells and inhibited the activation of caspase-3 in Jurkat cells in vitro. Conclusions Our data indicated that treatment with CpG-ODN inhibited the HepG2 cells-mediated Jurkat cell apoptosis by modulating the Fas/FasL pathway. Apparently, CpG-ODN treatment may be a potential therapeutic reagent for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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21
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Kamino H, Yamazaki Y, Saito K, Takizawa D, Kakizaki S, Moore R, Negishi M. Nuclear receptor CAR-regulated expression of the FAM84A gene during the development of mouse liver tumors. Int J Oncol 2011; 38:1511-20. [PMID: 21424122 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear xenobiotic receptor CAR is a phenobarbital (PB)-activated transcription factor. Using a mouse model of two-step liver tumorigenesis, in which tumor growth was initiated by diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) and promoted by chronic treatment with PB, we previously demonstrated that tumors developed only in the presence of CAR. Here, we have identified the FAM84A (family with sequence similarity 84, member A) gene as a CAR-regulated gene that is over-expressed during development of phenobarbital-promoted mouse liver tumors. FAM84A mRNA was induced in the liver of DEN/PB-treated mice prior to the development of liver tumors and this induction continued in the non-tumor as well as tumor tissues of a tumor-bearing liver. Western blotting demonstated that FAM84A protein expression increased in mouse liver after PB treatment; however, the FAM84A protein in liver and liver tumors was not phosphorylated at the serine 38 residue, which has been reported to correlate with morphological changes in cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the cytoplasmic localization of FAM84A protein and its expression during tumor development in normal tissues (especially in hepatocytes around the central vein), eosinophilic foci, adenomas and carcinomas. HepG2 cell-based reporter assays indicated that CAR activated the FAM84A promoter. Exogenous over-expression of FAM84A in HepG2 cells resulted in increased cell migration. The physiological function of FAM84A remains unknown, but our results suggest that FAM84A is up-regulated by CAR during the development of liver tumors, and may play an important role in the progression of liver cancer by increasing cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kamino
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Yang JD, Kim E, Pedersen RA, Kim WR, Pungpapong S, Roberts LR. Utility of Serum YKL-40 as a Tumor-Specific Marker of Hepatobiliary Malignancies. Gut Liver 2010; 4:537-42. [PMID: 21253305 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2010.4.4.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Serum YKL-40 has been linked to several human cancers. We investigated the potential role of serum YKL-40 as a marker of hepatobiliary malignancies. METHODS Archived serum samples of patients undergoing liver transplantation evaluation at the Mayo Clinic Rochester were used to measure YKL-40 levels. Patients were divided into three groups: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and end-stage liver disease (ESLD) without malignancies. The Model for ESLD (MELD) score was used to quantify the severity of liver disease. RESULTS The median serum YKL-40 level was highest in the ESLD group at 296 ng/mL, compared to 259 ng/mL in the HCC group and 80 ng/mL in the CCA group (p<0.01). There was a significant correlation between the MELD score and serum YKL-40 level (r=0.50, p<0.01). In a multivariate analysis, there was no significant difference in serum YKL-40 level between ESLD and HCC. CCA was associated with lower YKL-40 levels, a finding that was attributable to a lower prevalence of cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS The serum YKL-40 level has little utility as a cross-sectional screening tool for hepatobiliary malignancies, namely HCC and CCA. The role of YKL-40 as a surveillance marker in the follow-up of individual patients remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Dong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Chen L, Chan THM, Guan XY. Chromosome 1q21 amplification and oncogenes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:1165-71. [PMID: 20676120 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most lethal of human malignancies. During human multistep hepatocarcinogenesis, genomic gain represents an important mechanism in the activation of proto-oncogenes. In many circumstances, activated oncogenes hold clinical implications both as prognostic markers and targets for cancer therapeutics. Gain of chromosome 1q copy is one of the most frequently detected alterations in HCC and 1q21 is the most frequent minimal amplifying region (MAR). A better understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of target genes within 1q21 amplicon will significantly improve our knowledge in HCC pathogenesis, and may lead to a much more effective management of HCC bearing amplification of 1q21. Such knowledge has long term implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies for HCC treatment. Our research group and others, focused on the identification and characterization of 1q21 target genes such as JTB, CKS1B, and CHD1L in HCC progression. In this review, we will summarize the current scientific knowledge of known target genes within 1q21 amplicon and the precise oncogenic mechanisms of CHD1L will be discussed in detail.
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An Overview of Biomarkers and Molecular Signatures in HCC. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:809-23. [PMID: 24281095 PMCID: PMC3835106 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2020809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Although most HCCs seem to originate from the accumulation of genetic abnormalities induced by various risk factors, underlying mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis remain unclear. Long-term survival of HCC patients is also poor, partly due to HCC recurrence. Although serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level is a useful marker for the detection and monitoring of HCC, AFP levels may remain normal in the patients even with advanced HCC. To identify useful biomarkers for HCC, many studies have been conducted on molecular events such as genetic and epigenetic alterations, and gene expression. This review summarizes recent studies of potential molecular markers for diagnosis and monitoring metastasis or recurrence of HCC.
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Ding J, Huang S, Wu S, Zhao Y, Liang L, Yan M, Ge C, Yao J, Chen T, Wan D, Wang H, Gu J, Yao M, Li J, Tu H, He X. Gain of miR-151 on chromosome 8q24.3 facilitates tumour cell migration and spreading through downregulating RhoGDIA. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12:390-9. [PMID: 20305651 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent chromosomal aberrations are often observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but little is known about the functional non-coding sequences, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), at the chromosomal breakpoints in HCC. Here we show that 22 miRNAs are often amplified or deleted in HCC. MicroRNA-151 (miR-151), a frequently amplified miRNA on 8q24.3, is correlated with intrahepatic metastasis of HCC. We further show that miR-151, which is often expressed together with its host gene FAK, encoding focal adhesion kinase, significantly increases HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo, mainly through miR-151-5p, but not through miR-151-3p. Moreover, miR-151 exerts this function by directly targeting RhoGDIA, a putative metastasis suppressor in HCC, thus leading to the activation of Rac1, Cdc42 and Rho GTPases. In addition, miR-151 can function synergistically with FAK to enhance HCC cell motility and spreading. Thus, our findings indicate that chromosome gain of miR-151 is a crucial stimulus for tumour invasion and metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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CD1d gene is a target for a novel amplicon at 1q22-23.1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:381-7. [PMID: 19757161 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genome copy number variation (CNV) is one of the mechanisms to regulate the expression level of genes which contributes to the development and progression of cancer. In order to investigate the regions of high-level amplification and potential target genes within these amplicons in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we analyzed HCC cell line (TJ3ZX-01) for CNV regions at the whole genome level using GeneChip Human Mapping 500K array, and also examined the relative copy number and expression levels of the related genes at candidate amplicons in 41 HCC tissues via real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR methods. Through analysis of sequence tag site(STS) markers by quantitative PCR, The two candidate amplicons at 1q found by SNP array were shown to occur in56.1% (23/41) HCC samples at 1q21 and 80.5% (33/41) at 1q22-23.1. Wilcoxon signed rank test showed expression of CD1d, which located at amplicon of 1q22-23.1 increased significantly within tumor tissues compared with paired nontumor tissues. Our study provides evidences that a novel, high-level amplicon at 1q22-23.1 occurs in both HCC cell line and tissues. CD1d is a potential target for this amplicon in HCC. The up-regulation of CD1d may be used as a novel molecular signature for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Hill-Baskin AE, Markiewski MM, Buchner DA, Shao H, DeSantis D, Hsiao G, Subramaniam S, Berger NA, Croniger C, Lambris JD, Nadeau JH. Diet-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in genetically predisposed mice. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:2975-88. [PMID: 19454484 PMCID: PMC2714725 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide, with approximately 70% of cases resulting from hepatitis B and C viral infections, aflatoxin exposure, chronic alcohol use or genetic liver diseases. The remaining approximately 30% of cases are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and related metabolic diseases, although a direct link between these pathologies and HCCs has not been established. We tested the long-term effects of high-fat and low-fat diets on males of two inbred strains of mice and discovered that C57BL/6J but not A/J males were susceptible to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and HCC on a high-fat but not low-fat diet. This strain-diet interaction represents an important model for genetically controlled, diet-induced HCC. Susceptible mice showed morphological characteristics of NASH (steatosis, hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis), dysplasia and HCC. mRNA profiles of HCCs versus tumor-free liver showed involvement of two signaling networks, one centered on Myc and the other on NFkappaB, similar to signaling described for the two major classes of HCC in humans. miRNA profiles revealed dramatically increased expression of a cluster of miRNAs on the X chromosome without amplification of the chromosomal segment. A switch from high-fat to low-fat diet reversed these outcomes, with switched C57BL/6J males being lean rather than obese and without evidence for NASH or HCCs at the end of the study. A similar diet modification may have important implications for prevention of HCCs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie E. Hill-Baskin
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Maciej M. Markiewski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - David A. Buchner
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Haifeng Shao
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David DeSantis
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Gene Hsiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 93093, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 93093, USA
| | - Nathan A. Berger
- Case Center for Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Colleen Croniger
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - Joseph H. Nadeau
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Center for Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Lai MW, Huang SF, Lin SM, Chen TC, Lin CY, Yeh CN, Yeh TS, Chen MF, Yeh CT. Expression of the HCRP1 mRNA in HCC as an independent predictor of disease-free survival after surgical resection. Hepatol Res 2009; 39:164-76. [PMID: 19208037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2008.00413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related protein-1 (HCRP1) gene was located at chromosome 8p22, a frequently deleted region in HCC. The gene product was a subunit of mammalian Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-I, essential for degradation of epidermal growth factor receptors. In this study, we examined the prognostic role of HCRP1 mRNA expression in HCC. METHODS The expression of HCRP1 mRNA in HCC was assessed in 125 patients receiving surgical resection of HCC. Using the adjacent non-cancerous tissues as a reference, 55 and 70 patients expressing high and low levels of HCRP1 mRNA, respectively, were identified. The predictive value of HCRP1 mRNA expression in postoperative survival was evaluated. RESULTS Expression of HCRP1 mRNA was not associated with any of the baseline clinicopathological parameters. However, univariate analysis showed that it was associated with a better disease-free survival (P < 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.032). Stepwise Cox multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the expression of HCRP1 mRNA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.396; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.233-0.674; P = 0.001), tumor number (HR, 1.596; 95% CI, 1.221-2.087; P = 0.001), serum aspartate aminotransferase (HR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.000-1.003; P = 0.031) and the presence of microvascular invasion (HR, 1.852; 95% CI, 1.131-3.032; P = 0.014) were included as independent predictors for disease-free survival. CONCLUSION Expression of HCRP1 mRNA served as an independent predictor for postoperative disease-free survival in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Lai
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Pei Y, Zhang T, Renault V, Zhang X. An overview of hepatocellular carcinoma study by omics-based methods. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2009; 41:1-15. [PMID: 19129945 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmn001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly malignancies worldwide. Scientists have been studying the molecular mechanism of HCC for years, but the understanding of it remains incomplete and scattered across the literature at different molecular levels. Chromosomal aberrations, epigenetic abnormality and changes of gene expression have been reported in HCC. High-throughput omics technologies have been widely applied, aiming at the discovery of candidate biomarkers for cancer staging, prediction of recurrence and prognosis, and treatment selection. Large amounts of data on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, gene expression profiles, microRNA expression profiles and proteomics have been accumulating, and bioinformatics is playing a more and more important role. In this paper, we review the current omics-based studies on HCC at the levels of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. Integrating observations from multiple aspects is an essential step toward the systematic understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Pei
- TNLIST/Department of Automation, Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, MOE Key Laboratory, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Baudis M. Genomic imbalances in 5918 malignant epithelial tumors: an explorative meta-analysis of chromosomal CGH data. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:226. [PMID: 18088415 PMCID: PMC2225423 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal abnormalities have been associated with most human malignancies, with gains and losses on some genomic regions associated with particular entities. METHODS Of the 15429 cases collected for the Progenetix molecular-cytogenetic database, 5918 malignant epithelial neoplasias analyzed by chromosomal Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) were selected for further evaluation. For the 22 clinico-pathological entities with more than 50 cases, summary profiles for genomic imbalances were generated from case specific data and analyzed. RESULTS With large variation in overall genomic instability, recurring genomic gains and losses were prominent. Most entities showed frequent gains involving 8q2, while gains on 20q, 1q, 3q, 5p, 7q and 17q were frequent in different entities. Loss "hot spots" included 3p, 4q, 13q, 17p and 18q among others. Related average imbalance patterns were found for clinically distinct entities, e.g. hepatocellular carcinomas (ca.) and ductal breast ca., as well as for histologically related entities (squamous cell ca. of different sites). CONCLUSION Although considerable case-by-case variation of genomic profiles can be found by CGH in epithelial malignancies, a limited set of variously combined chromosomal imbalances may be typical for carcinogenesis. Focus on the respective regions should aid in target gene detection and pathway deduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Baudis
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Germany.
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31
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Chan KYY, Lai PBS, Squire JA, Beheshti B, Wong NLY, Sy SMH, Wong N. Positional expression profiling indicates candidate genes in deletion hotspots of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2006; 19:1546-54. [PMID: 16980951 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Molecular characterizations of hepatocellular carcinoma have indicated frequent allelic losses on chromosomes 4q, 8p, 16q and 17p, where the minimal deleted regions have been further defined on 4q12-q23, 4q31-q35, 8p21-p22, 16q12.1-q23.1 and 17p13. Despite these regions are now well-recognized in early liver carcinogenesis, few underlying candidate genes have been identified. In an effort to define affected genes within common deleted loci of hepatocellular carcinoma, we conducted transcriptional mapping by high-resolution cDNA microarray analysis. In 20 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and 20 primary tumors studied, consistent downregulations of novel transcripts were highlighted throughout the entire genome and within sites of frequent losses. The array-derived candidates including fibrinogen gamma peptide (FGG, at 4q31.3), vitamin D binding protein (at 4q13.3), fibrinogen-like 1 (FGL1, at 8p22), metallothionein 1G (MT1G, at 16q12.2) and alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor (SERPINF2, at 17p13) were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, which also indicated a more profound downregulation of FGL1, MT1G and SERPINF2 relative to reported tumor-suppressor genes, such as DLC1 (8p22), E-cadherin (16q22.1) and TP53 (17p13.1). In primary hepatocellular carcinoma examined, a significant repression of MT1G by more than 100-fold was indicated in 63% of tumors compared to the adjacent nonmalignant liver (P = 0.0001). Significant downregulations of FGG, FGL1 and SERPINF2 were also suggested in 30, 23 and 33% of cases, respectively, compared to their nonmalignant counterparts (P < 0.016). In summary, transcriptional mapping by microarray indicated a number of previously undescribed downregulated genes in hepatocellular carcinoma, and highlighted potential candidates within common deleted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Y-Y Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, SAR Hong Kong, China
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Dai LC, Wang X, Yao X, Lu YL, Ping JL, He JF. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting midkine induced apoptosis and increased chemosensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2006; 27:1630-6. [PMID: 17112419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2006.00459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Overexpression of midkine (MK) has been observed in many malignancies. This aim of this study is to screen for suitable antisense oligonucleotides (ASODN) targeting MK in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and evaluate its antitumor activity. METHODS Ten ASODN targeting MK were designed and synthesized. After transfection with ASODN, cell proliferation was analyzed with MTS[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt] assay. In addition, MK mRNA, protein levels, as well as apoptosis and caspase-3 activity were also examined in HepG2 cells. Cell proliferation was then analyzed after treatment with both ASODN and chemotherapeutic drugs. RESULTS In this experiment, the ASODN5 among the 10 ASODN showed higher inhibitory activity against proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. In HepG2 cells, ASODN5 could significantly reduce the MK mRNA level and protein content. After transfection with ASODN5 for 48 h, accompanied with a decline of survivin and Bcl-2 protein content, a remarkable increase of apoptosis and caspase-3 activity was observed in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, ASODN5 transfer can significantly increase chemosensitivity in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Antisense oligonucleotides targeting MK shows therapeutic effects on HCC; ASODN5 has the possibility to be developed as an effective antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-cheng Dai
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, China.
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Huang J, Sheng HH, Shen T, Hu YJ, Xiao HS, Zhang Q, Zhang QH, Han ZG. Correlation between genomic DNA copy number alterations and transcriptional expression in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3571-81. [PMID: 16750200 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide, in which the genetic mechanisms of oncogenesis are still unclear. To investigate whether the genomic DNA copy number alterations may contribute to primary HCC, the cDNA microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis was here performed in 41 primary HCC infected by hepatitis B virus and 12 HCC cell lines. The resulting data showed that, on average, 7.25% of genome-wide DNA copy numbers was significantly altered in those samples (4.61+/-2.49% gained and 2.64+/-1.78% lost). Gains involving 1q, 6p, 8q and 9p were frequently observed in these cases; and whilst, losses involving Ip, 16q and 19p occurred in most patients. To address the correlation between the alteration of genomic DNA copy numbers and transcriptional expression, the same cDNA microarray was further applied in 20 HCC specimens and all available cell lines to figure out the gene expression profiles of those samples. Interestingly, the genomic DNA copy number alterations of most genes appeared not to be in generally parallel with the corresponding transcriptional expression. However, the transcriptional deregulation of a few genes, such as osteopontin (SPP1), transgelin 2 (TAGLN2) and PEG10, could be ascribed partially to their genomic aberrations, although the many alternative mechanisms could be involved in the deregulation of these genes. In general, this work would provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms in hepatocarcinogenesis associated with hepatitis B virus through the comprehensive survey on correlation between genomic DNA copy number alterations and transcriptional expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, 351 Guo Shou-Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Lau SH, Sham JST, Xie D, Tzang CH, Tang D, Ma N, Hu L, Wang Y, Wen JM, Xiao G, Zhang WM, Lau GKK, Yang M, Guan XY. Clusterin plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Oncogene 2006; 25:1242-50. [PMID: 16247463 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To identify genes associated with tumor metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gene expression profiles between a pair of primary HCC (H2-P) and their matched metastatic HCC (H2-M) were compared. Overexpression of clusterin (CLU) was found in H2-M cells. To determine the roles CLU played in HCC metastasis, CLU was transfected into H2-P cells. Overexpression of CLU in H2-P cells increased cell migration by twofold in vitro and formation of metastatic tumor nodules in liver by eightfold in vivo. To evaluate the correlation of CLU expression with HCC metastasis, the expression levels of CLU in HCCs were investigated using a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 104 pairs of primary HCCs and their matched metastases. The frequency of CLU overexpression increased significantly in metastatic HCCs (59.1%) compared with that in primary tumors (32.6%, P<0.001). To gain additional insight into the function of CLU, the expression profile of H2P-CLU was compared with vector-transfected H2-P cells by cDNA microarray. A total of 35 upregulated and 14 downregulated genes were detected in H2P-CLU. One of the upregulated genes known as YKL-40, which is implicated in matrix-remodeling and metastasis, was further studied using TMA. A significant correlation (P<0.001) between the expression levels of YKL-40 and CLU was observed, implying that the CLU-YKL-40 pathway may play an important role in HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lau
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Ho JC, Cheung ST, Patil M, Chen X, Fan ST. Increased expression of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor attachment protein 1 (GPAA1) is associated with gene amplification in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:1330-7. [PMID: 16642471 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor attachment protein 1 (GPAA1) transcript level was frequently up-regulated in our earlier study on gene expression profile. We therefore analyzed the potential involvement of GPAA1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as GPAA1 gene locates at chromosome 8q24.3 which chromosome region is frequently amplified in HCCs. In this study, we observed that GPAA1 transcript in the HCCs (n = 93) showed a significantly higher expression level compared with their paralleled adjacent nontumor liver tissues, cirrhosis (n = 15) and normal (n = 16) liver tissues using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (p < 0.005). We also demonstrated that GPAA1 protein up-regulation was common in HCCs (90%, 9/10), and GPAA1 gene was frequently amplified (73%, 11/15) using quantitative microsatellite analysis. Increased GPAA1 expression was significantly associated with HCCs poor cellular differentiation (p = 0.011) and poor prognosis (p = 0.010). We then modulated the GPAA1 expression level in HCC cells (Hep3B) by transfection experiments, which was shown to positively regulate cell adhesion ability (p = 0.004) and proliferation rate (p = 0.037). Our data revealed GPAA1 gene amplification with overexpression of RNA and protein in HCC. GPAA1 is a potential amplification target of chromosome 8q and responsible to regulate tumor cells behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C Ho
- Centre for the Study of Liver Disease, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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