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Mansour LAH, Elshopakey GE, Abdelhamid FM, Albukhari TA, Almehmadi SJ, Refaat B, El-Boshy M, Risha EF. Hepatoprotective and Neuroprotective Effects of Naringenin against Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041080. [PMID: 37189698 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (NRG) is one of the most important naturally occurring flavonoids, predominantly found in some edible fruits, such as citrus species and tomatoes. It has several biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic, and cardioprotective effects. The heavy metal lead is toxic and triggers oxidative stress, which causes toxicity in many organs, including the liver and brain. This study explored the potential protective role of NRG in hepato- and neurotoxicity caused by lead acetate in rats. Four groups of ten male albino rats were included: group 1 was a control, group 2 was orally treated with lead acetate (LA) at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW, group 3 was treated with naringenin (NRG) at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW, and group 4 was treated with 500 mg/kg LA and 50 mg/kg NRG for 4 weeks. Then, blood was taken, the rats were euthanized, and liver and brain tissues were collected. The findings revealed that LA exposure induced hepatotoxicity with a significant increase in liver function markers (p < 0.05). In addition, albumin and total protein (TP) and the albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio) (p < 0.05) were markedly lowered, whereas the serum globulin level (p > 0.05) was unaltered. LA also induced oxidative damage, demonstrated by a significant increase in malonaldehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05), together with a pronounced antioxidant system reduction (SOD, CAT, and GSH) (p < 0.05) in both liver and brain tissues. Inflammation of the liver and brain caused by LA was indicated by increased levels of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) and caspase-3, (p < 0.05), and the levels of B-cell lymphocyte-2 (BCL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (p < 0.05) were decreased. Brain tissue damage induced by LA toxicity was demonstrated by the downregulation of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and creatine kinase (CK-BB) (p < 0.05). Additionally, the liver and brain of LA-treated rats displayed notable histopathological damage. In conclusion, NRG has potential hepato- and neuroprotective effects against lead acetate toxicity. However, additional research is needed in order to propose naringenin as a potential protective agent against renal and cardiac toxicity mediated by lead acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna A. H. Mansour
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma M. Abdelhamid
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Talat A. Albukhari
- Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 6165, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah J. Almehmadi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Engy F. Risha
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Liu J, Hermon T, Gao X, Dixon D, Xiao H. Arsenic and Diabetes Mellitus: A Putative Role for the Immune System. ALL LIFE 2023; 16:2167869. [PMID: 37152101 PMCID: PMC10162781 DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2023.2167869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an enormous public health issue worldwide. Recent data suggest that chronic arsenic exposure is linked to the risk of developing type 1 and type 2 DM, albeit the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This review discusses the role of the immune system as a link to possibly explain some of the mechanisms of developing T1DM or T2DM associated with arsenic exposure in humans, animal models, and in vitro studies. The rationale for the hypothesis includes: (1) Arsenic is a well-recognized modulator of the immune system; (2) arsenic exposures are associated with increased risk of DM; and (3) dysregulation of the immune system is one of the hallmarks in the pathogenesis of both T1DM and T2DM. A better understanding of DM in association with immune dysregulation and arsenic exposures may help to understand how environmental exposures modulate the immune system and how these effects may impact the manifestation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Liu
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Tonia Hermon
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Darlene Dixon
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Long W, Chai L, Myint TP, Zhou W, Zhou L, Wang M, Guo L. Visible light-driven photodynamic therapy for hypertrophic scars with MOF armored microneedles patch. Front Chem 2023; 11:1128255. [PMID: 36874068 PMCID: PMC9978826 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1128255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used for the treatment of hypertrophic scars in clinical practice. However, the low transdermal delivery of photosensitizers in scar tissue and protective autophagy induced by Photodynamic therapy greatly reduces the therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with these difficulties for overcoming obstacles in Photodynamic therapy treatment. In this study, a photosensitizer with photocatalytic performance was designed and synthesized using innovative MOFs (metal-organic frameworks). Additionally, the MOFs, together with an autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), was loaded in a high mechanical strength microneedle patch (MNP) for transdermal delivery. With these functionalized MNP, photosensitizers and chloroquine were delivered deep inside hypertrophic scars. Inhibition of autophagy increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under high-intensity visible-light irradiation. Multiprong approaches have been used to remove obstacles in Photodynamic therapy and successfully enhance its anti-scarring effect. In vitro experiments indicated that the combined treatment increased the toxicity of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs), downregulated the level of collagen type I expression as well as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)expression, decreased the autophagy marker protein LC3II/I ratio, increased the expression of P62. In vivo experiments showed that the MNP had good puncture performance, and significant therapeutic effects were observed in the rabbit ear scar model. These results indicate that functionalized MNP has high potential clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Long
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Langjie Chai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Thazin Phoone Myint
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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The Impact of Oxidative Stress and AKT Pathway on Cancer Cell Functions and Its Application to Natural Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091845. [PMID: 36139919 PMCID: PMC9495789 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) are responsible for regulating several cell functions of cancer cells. Several natural products modulate both oxidative stress and AKT for anticancer effects. However, the impact of natural product-modulating oxidative stress and AKT on cell functions lacks systemic understanding. Notably, the contribution of regulating cell functions by AKT downstream effectors is not yet well integrated. This review explores the role of oxidative stress and AKT pathway (AKT/AKT effectors) on ten cell functions, including apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial morphogenesis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, DNA damage response, senescence, migration, and cell-cycle progression. The impact of oxidative stress and AKT are connected to these cell functions through cell function mediators. Moreover, the AKT effectors related to cell functions are integrated. Based on this rationale, natural products with the modulating abilities for oxidative stress and AKT pathway exhibit the potential to regulate these cell functions, but some were rarely reported, particularly for AKT effectors. This review sheds light on understanding the roles of oxidative stress and AKT pathway in regulating cell functions, providing future directions for natural products in cancer treatment.
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Zhang Y, Gao Q, Liu SS, Tang L, Li XG, Sun H. Hormetic dose-response of halogenated organic pollutants on Microcystis aeruginosa: Joint toxic action and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154581. [PMID: 35304143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quinolones (QNs), dechloranes (DECs), and chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are three kinds of new halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs), which originate from the use of flame retardants, lubricants and pesticides. Since QNs, DECs, and CPs are frequently detected in waters and sediments, it is necessary to investigate the toxic effects of these HOPs with dwelling phytoplankton, especially for cyanobacteria, to explore their potential hormetic effects and contributions to algal blooms. In the present study, we investigate single and joint toxicity of QNs, DECs and CPs on Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), a cyanobacterium that is frequently implicated with algal blooms. The results indicate single QNs and DECs induce marked hormetic effects on the proliferation of M. aeruginosa but CPs do not. The stimulatory effect of hormesis is linked with accelerated replication of DNA, which is considered to stem from the moderate rise in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Joint toxicity tests reveal that both QNs & CPs mixtures and DECs & CPs mixtures show hormetic effects on M. aeruginosa, but QNs & DECs mixtures show no hormetic effect. QNs & DECs mixtures exhibit synergistic toxic actions, which may be caused by a sharp rise in intracellular ROS simultaneously produced by the agents. Joint toxic actions of both QNs & CPs, and DECs & CPs shift from addition to antagonism as concentration increases, and this shift may mainly depend on the influence of CPs on cell membrane hydrophobicity of M. aeruginosa. This study provides data and toxic mechanisms for the hormetic phenomenon of single and joint HOPs on M. aeruginosa. The hormetic effects of HOPs may benefit the proliferation of M. aeruginosa in the aquatic environment, aggravating the formation of algal blooms. This study also reflects the important role of hormesis in environmental risk assessment of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin-Gui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Dong X, Yang F, Xu X, Zhu F, Liu G, Xu F, Chen G, Cao C, Teng L, Li X, Wang L, Li B. Protective effect of C-phycocyanin and apo-phycocyanin subunit on programmed necrosis of GC-1 spg cells induced by H 2 O 2. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1275-1287. [PMID: 35112789 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is an effective antioxidant and has an important value in medical research. Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the main underlying mechanisms of cell death, and reducing oxidative stress is one of the strategies to enhance germ cell viability. Herein, we investigated the protective effect and the mechanism of C-PC and apo-phycocyanin subunit on oxidative stress damage induced by H2 O2 in GC-1 spg cells. C-PC genes were cloned into the pGEX-4T-1 vectorand transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 to achieve the efficient expression of C-PC subunit. GC-1 spg cells were treated with 600 μM H2 O2 for 24 h to establish the oxidative stress damage model. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8. The degree of oxidative stress was detected by testing Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated utilizingby 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescent-diacetate (DCFH-DA). Mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by JC-1. Cell necrosis rate was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI. Expression of protein was detected by western blot. We found that C-PC and GST-CPC β significantly inhibited H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage of GC-1 spg cells, improved the ability of antioxidation, reduced ROS overproduction, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and inhibited the RIP-1/RIP-3/ p-MLKL signaling pathway to reduce the necrosis rate. The results demonstrated that C-PC played a protective role against H2 O2 -induced cell damage, especially its β subunit. This study provides a theoretical basis for C-PC as a potential protective agent of reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Dong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fanghao Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenghua Xu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Can Cao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Teng
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Jovanović M, Podolski-Renić A, Krasavin M, Pešić M. The Role of the Thioredoxin Detoxification System in Cancer Progression and Resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:883297. [PMID: 35664671 PMCID: PMC9161637 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.883297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular redox homeostasis is a dynamic balancing system between the levels of free radical species and antioxidant enzymes and small molecules at the core of cellular defense mechanisms. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is an important detoxification system regulating the redox milieu. This system is one of the key regulators of cells’ proliferative potential as well, through the reduction of key proteins. Increased oxidative stress characterizes highly proliferative, metabolically hyperactive cancer cells, which are forced to mobilize antioxidant enzymes to balance the increase in free radical concentration and prevent irreversible damage and cell death. Components of the Trx system are involved in high-rate proliferation and activation of pro-survival mechanisms in cancer cells, particularly those facing increased oxidative stress. This review addresses the importance of the targetable redox-regulating Trx system in tumor progression, as well as in detoxification and protection of cancer cells from oxidative stress and drug-induced cytotoxicity. It also discusses the cancer cells’ counteracting mechanisms to the Trx system inhibition and presents several inhibitors of the Trx system as prospective candidates for cytostatics’ adjuvants. This manuscript further emphasizes the importance of developing novel multitarget therapies encompassing the Trx system inhibition to overcome cancer treatment limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Jovanović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Organic Chemistry Division, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Milica Pešić, , orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-8239
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Zhang S, Yu H, Li J, Fan J, Chen J. 2-Methoxyestradiol combined with ascorbic acid facilitates the apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia cells via the microRNA-223/Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3470-3485. [PMID: 35068331 PMCID: PMC8973755 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant myeloproliferative tumor. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is an endogenous estrogen metabolite that shows efficacy in human malignancies. Ascorbic acid (AA) possesses antioxidant activity. This study explored the mechanism of 2-ME combined with AA in the apoptosis of CML cells. Firstly, human CML cell lines were treated with 2-ME and AA. The cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected. miR-223 expression in CML cells was detected. In addition, CML cells were transfected with miR-223 inhibitor. The binding relationship between miR-223 and FLT3 was verified. Subsequently, the FLT3 was overexpressed or silenced for the function rescue experiment to confirm the role of FLT3 in CML cell apoptosis. The expression levels of key factors of the PI3K/AKT pathway were detected. Finally, xenograft nude mouse models were established for in vivo verification. 2-ME + AA treatment inhibited CML cell viability and promoted apoptosis, elevated ROS content, and reduced MMP. 2-ME + AA treatment promoted miR-223 expression in CML cells. miR-223 targeted FLT3. Moreover, miR-223 inhibitor or FLT3 overexpression partially annulled the effect of 2-ME + AA on CML cells. 2-ME + AA inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway via the miR-223/FLT3 axis. Furthermore, 2-ME + AA suppressed CML xenograft growth in mice. Collectively, 2-ME + AA promoted miR-223 expression and suppressed FLT3 and the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby facilitating the apoptosis of CML cells and inhibiting CML xenograft growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou,Guangdong, China
| | - Hanhui Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery,Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiazhen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou,Guangdong, China
| | - Jingru Fan
- Department of Emergency,Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou,Guangdong, China
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Prakash C, Chhikara S, Kumar V. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:261-270. [PMID: 33566285 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital cellular organelles associated with energy production as well as cell signaling pathways. These organelles, responsible for metabolism, are highly abundant in hepatocytes that make them key players in hepatotoxicity. The literature suggests that mitochondria are targeted by various environmental pollutants. Arsenic, a toxic metalloid known as an environmental pollutant, readily contaminates drinking water and exerts toxic effects. It is toxic to various cellular organs; among them, the liver seems to be most affected. A growing body of evidence suggests that within cells, arsenic is highly toxic to mitochondria and reported to cause oxidative stress and alter an array of signaling pathways and functions. Hence, it is imperative to highlight the mechanisms associated with altered mitochondrial functions and integrity in arsenic-induced liver toxicity. This review provides the details of mechanistic aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction in arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity as well as various ameliorative measures undertaken concerning mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil Chhikara
- Applied Sciences, UIET, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
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Tao H, Bao Z, Fu Z, Jin Y. Chlorothalonil induces the intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cell-based in vitro monolayer model by activating MAPK pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1459-1468. [PMID: 34549778 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of chlorothalonil (CTL) has caused environmental residues and food contamination. Although the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) is directly involved in the metabolism and transportation of various exogenous compounds, there are few studies on the toxic effects of these compounds on the structure and function of IEB. The disassembly of tight junction (TJ) is a major cause of intestinal barrier dysfunction under exogenous compounds intake, but the precise mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we used Caco-2 cell monolayers as an in vitro model of human IEB to evaluate the toxicity of CTL exposure on the structure and function of IEB. Results showed that CTL exposure increased the paracellular permeability of the monolayers and downregulated mRNA levels of the TJ genes (ZO-1, OCLN, and CLDN1), polarity marker gene (SI), and anti-apoptosis gene (BCL-2) but upregulated the mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes, including BAD, BAX, CASP3, and CASP8. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay results showed the decreased levels and disrupted distribution of TJ protein network, including ZO-1 and CLDN1 in CTL-exposed IEB. In addition, the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased active CASP3 expression were observed in treated IEB. The result of TUNEL assay further confirmed the occurrence of cell apoptosis after CTL exposure. In addition, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including ERK, JNK and p38, was increased in CTL-exposed IEB. In summary, our results demonstrated that CTL exposure induced IEB dysfunction in Caco-2 cell monolayers by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Tao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhiwei Bao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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11
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Zhang YJ, Mu ZL, Deng P, Liang YD, Wu LC, Yang LL, Zhou Z, Yu ZP. 8-Formylophiopogonanone B induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1052-1063. [PMID: 34733490 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. It is very important to find drugs with high efficiency, low toxicity, and low side effects for the treatment of cancer. Flavonoids and their derivatives with broad biological functions have been recognized as anti-tumor chemicals. 8-Formylophiopogonanone B (8-FOB), a naturally existed homoisoflavonoids with rarely known biological functions, needs pharmacological evaluation. In order to explore the possible anti-tumor action of 8-FOB, we used six types of tumor cells to evaluate in vitro effects of this agent on cell viability and tested the effects on clone formation ability, scratching wound-healing, and apoptosis. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of pharmacological action, we examined 8-FOB-induced intracellular oxidative stress and -disrupted mitochondrial function. Results suggested that 8-FOB could suppress tumor cell viability, inhibit cell migration and invasion, induce apoptosis, and elicit intracellular ROS production. Among these six types of tumor cells, the nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cells were the most sensitive cancer cells to 8-FOB treatment. Intracellular ROS production played a pivotal role in the anti-tumor action of 8-FOB. Our present study is the first to document that 8-FOB has anti-tumor activity in vitro and increases intracellular ROS production, which might be responsible for its anti-tumor action. The anti-tumor pharmacological effect of 8-FOB is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Zhang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Lin Mu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Dan Liang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Li-Chuan Wu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, and Department of Emergency Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Ping Yu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
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12
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Geng H, Tan X, Zhao M, Ma Y, Li Y. Proteomic analysis of zearalenone toxicity on mouse thymic epithelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:660-670. [PMID: 34716709 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is one of the most major food contaminants in cereal crops worldwide, risking health of both livestock and humans. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity and the underlying mechanism of ZEA on thymic epithelial cells. By using proteomics analysis, we identified 596 differentially expressed proteins in MTEC1 cells upon zearalenone exposure, of which 245 were upregulated and 351 were downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggested that differentially expressed proteins were participated in protein synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP binding. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins were mainly related to mitochndrial metabolism, such as citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation. We demonstrated that ZEA treatment was able to increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, to decrease ΔΨm, ATP level, and the copy number of mtDNA, leading to necrotic cell death. Moreover, we showed that ZEA treatment inhibited cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest by downregulation of proliferation-associated proteins ERK, p-ERK, CDK1, and p-CHK1. Taken together, we found that the toxicity of ZEA on thymic epithelial cells is mainly caused by the inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and cell proliferation. Our study might open new avenues for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Abd Al Haleem EN, Ahmed HI, El-Naga RN. Lycopene and Chrysin through Mitigation of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress Exerted Antidepressant Effects in Clonidine-Induced Depression-like Behavior in Rats. J Diet Suppl 2021; 20:391-410. [PMID: 34633271 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1988797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a severely debilitating psychiatric disorder that influences more than 15% of the population worldwide. It has been demonstrated that it is associated with a high risk of developing other diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, epilepsy, and cancer. The current study examines the possibility of chrysin and lycopene having an antidepressant effect in a rat model of depression induced by clonidine, as well as the mechanisms underlying this effect, including the role of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Rats were allotted into seven groups. The rats in group 1 served as a control. Group 2 received lycopene only. Group 3 was provided chrysin only. Group 4 was administered clonidine and served as the model. Group 5 was offered lycopene and clonidine. Group 6 was administered chrysin and clonidine. Group 7 was given FLX and clonidine and represented the standard. The experiment lasted two weeks, during which behavioral, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical measurements were performed. Lycopene and chrysin were used to correct the concentrations of noradrenaline and serotonin hippocampal tissue concentrations. These findings were also improved by immunohistochemical analysis of GFAP, VEGF, caspase3, and histopathological examinations, in which pretreatment of rats with lycopene and chrysin reversed all clonidine-induced alterations. The current research demonstrates that lycopene and chrysin have an auspicious antidepressant effect against clonidine that provoked behavioral hopelessness in rats. Manipulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis may partially represent the corrective mechanism for the neuroprotective actions against the depressive effect of clonidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekram Nemr Abd Al Haleem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatalla I Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem N El-Naga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Salvianolic acid B protects against MPP+-induced neuronal injury via repressing oxidative stress and restoring mitochondrial function. Neuroreport 2021; 32:815-823. [PMID: 33994527 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining normal conditions in the mitochondria and repressing oxidative stress has emerged as a crucial therapeutic strategy to ameliorate neuron damage in Parkinson's disease. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is a polyphenolic compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, which has been prescribed for various biological properties, including antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection in pathological conditions. Previously, SalB was reported to be of benefit in slowing Parkinson's disease pathology, but whether the neuroprotective role of SalB is associated with a mitochondrial protective action is still elusive. Here we aimed to explore the effects of SalB on mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease to uncover the underlying cellular mechanisms. The results showed that SalB significantly alleviated 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced mitochondrial disruption in line with ameliorated oxidative injury, which is evidenced by inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increased expression of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase, and enhanced mitochondrial biosynthesis - the upregulation of nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A expressions. Mechanistically, SalB not only increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and sirtuin3 mRNA and protein levels, but also attenuated ROS-triggered neuroinflammation by downregulating the expressions of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, caspase-1 and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In conclusion, these in-vitro findings, for the first time, demonstrate that SalB offers protection against MPP+-induced neuronal injury via upregulating sirtuin3 expression and activating the AMPK signaling to restore mitochondrial function.
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15
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Gao J, Zhang J, Tao L, Xu W. The enantioselective study of the toxicity effects of chiral acetochlor in HepG2 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112261. [PMID: 33964548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor is one of the most widely used chiral herbicides in the world, and it is usually produced and used as racemic form (Rac). The potential effects of acetochlor in human body are mainly induced by its residue in agriculture food. The direct target exposed is the liver in human body. However, the potential toxic and mechanism threat to human liver cells caused by chiral acetochlor has been rarely reported. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential mechanism of the toxicity caused by chiral acetochlor in HepG2 cells. The results revealed that acetochlor and its enantiomers could inhibit cell activity and cause DNA damage in HepG2 cells. The toxicity of Rac was higher than that of the two enantiomers, mainly derived from S configuration. The mechanism is through inducing decreased membrane potential (△Ψ), up-regulated Bax/BcL-2 expression, caused a cascade reaction, activated casepase-3 and casepase-9 and cleaved PARP, which maybe lead to cell death through apoptotic-signaling pathway in the end. These results illuminate that the genotoxic and cytotoxic risks of chiral acetochlor are major coming from S configuration. It provides a theoretical basis for the production of single pesticide to reduce the effects of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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16
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Kutbi HI, Kammoun AK, Farag El-Telbany D. Amelioration of Pterostilbene Antiproliferative, Proapoptotic, and Oxidant Potentials in Human Breast Cancer MCF7 Cells Using Zein Nanocomposites. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3059-3071. [PMID: 33953555 PMCID: PMC8090986 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s303975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explain the influence of zein nanosphere (ZN NS) formulation on the pharmacotherapeutic profile of PTS in MCF7 cells. Methods Liquid–liquid phase separation was used to formulate PTS-ZN NSs. The formulations developed were evaluated for particle-size analysis, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro diffusion. Also, assays of cytotoxicity, uptake, cell-cycle progression, annexin V, apoptotic gene mRNA expression and biochemical assays were carried out. Results The PTS-ZN NS formulation selected showed 104.5±6.2 nm, 33.4±1.8 mV, 95.1%±3.6%, and 89.1%±2.65% average particle size, zeta-potential, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro diffusion, respectively. With MCF7 cells, IC50 was reduced approximately 15-fold, with increased cellular uptake, accumulation in the G2/M phase, increased percentage of cells in the pre-G1 phase, amelioration of early and late apoptosis, raised mRNA expression of CASP3 and CASP7, lower expression of cyclin-CDK1, and enhanced oxidant potential through decreased glutathione reductase (GR) activity, and enhanced reactive oxygen–species generation and lipid-peroxidation products. Conclusion PTS-ZN NSs indicated enhanced antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and oxidant potential toward MCF7 cells compared to free PTS. Ameliorated results of nanosized carriers, cellular uptake, and sustained diffusion may contribute to these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam I Kutbi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Kammoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Farag El-Telbany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 11571, Egypt
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Cordier W, Yousaf M, Nell MJ, Steenkamp V. Underlying mechanisms of cytotoxicity in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells exposed to arsenic, cadmium and mercury individually and in combination. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 72:105101. [PMID: 33497711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxicity data regarding combinational exposure of humans to arsenic, cadmium and mercury is scarce. Although hepatotoxicity has been reported, limited information is available on their mechanistic underpinnings. The cytotoxic mechanisms of these metals were determined in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cell lines after individual and combinational exposure. METHODS HepG2 cells were exposed to heavy metals (sodium arsenite, cadmium chloride, and mercury chloride) individually or in combination for 24 h, after which cell density, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and caspase-3/7 activity was assessed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Cadmium (IC50 = 0.43 mg/L) and the combination (0.45 mg/L, arsenic reference) were most cytotoxic, followed by arsenic (6.71 mg/L) and mercury (28.23 mg/L). Depolarisation of the ΔΨm and reductions in ROS, GSH and ATP levels occurred. Arsenic, cadmium and the combination increased caspase-3/7 activity, while mercury reduced it. CONCLUSION The combination produced a greater, albeit mechanistically similar, cytotoxicity compared to individual metals. Cytotoxicity was dependent on altered mitochondrial integrity, redox-status, and bioenergetics. Although the combination's cytotoxicity was associated with caspase-3/7 activity, this was not true for mercury. Heavy metal interactions should be assessed to elucidate molecular underpinnings of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cordier
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - M Yousaf
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M J Nell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - V Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Sychta K, Słomka A, Kuta E. Insights into Plant Programmed Cell Death Induced by Heavy Metals-Discovering a Terra Incognita. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010065. [PMID: 33406697 PMCID: PMC7823951 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process that plays a fundamental role in plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Knowledge of plant PCD mechanisms is still very scarce and is incomparable to the large number of studies on PCD mechanisms in animals. Quick and accurate assays, e.g., the TUNEL assay, comet assay, and analysis of caspase-like enzyme activity, enable the differentiation of PCD from necrosis. Two main types of plant PCD, developmental (dPCD) regulated by internal factors, and environmental (ePCD) induced by external stimuli, are distinguished based on the differences in the expression of the conserved PCD-inducing genes. Abiotic stress factors, including heavy metals, induce necrosis or ePCD. Heavy metals induce PCD by triggering oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. ROS that are mainly produced by mitochondria modulate phytotoxicity mechanisms induced by heavy metals. Complex crosstalk between ROS, hormones (ethylene), nitric oxide (NO), and calcium ions evokes PCD, with proteases with caspase-like activity executing PCD in plant cells exposed to heavy metals. This pathway leads to very similar cytological hallmarks of heavy metal induced PCD to PCD induced by other abiotic factors. The forms, hallmarks, mechanisms, and genetic regulation of plant ePCD induced by abiotic stress are reviewed here in detail, with an emphasis on plant cell culture as a suitable model for PCD studies. The similarities and differences between plant and animal PCD are also discussed.
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19
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Zhou H, Zhang L, Li Y, Wu G, Zhu H, Zhang H, Su JK, Guo L, Zhou Q, Xiong F, Yu Q, Yang P, Zhang S, Cai J, Wang CY. Cigarette smoke extract stimulates bronchial epithelial cells to undergo a SUMOylation turnover. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:276. [PMID: 33097022 PMCID: PMC7584069 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by the airway and lung inflammation, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among smokers over 40 years of age and individuals exposed to biomass smoke. Although the detailed mechanisms of this disease remain elusive, there is feasible evidence that protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) may play a role in its pathoetiology. We thus conducted studies to dissect the effect of cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) on the change of SUMOylated substrates in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs). METHODS Samples were collected in HBEs with or without 24 h of CSE insult and then subjected to Western-blot and LC-MS/MS analysis. Subsequently, bioinformatic tools were used to analyze the data. The effect of SUMOylation on cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS It was noted that CSE stimulated HBEs to undergo a SUMOylation turnover as evidenced by the changes of SUMOylated substrates and SUMOylation levels for a particular substrate. The SUMOylated proteins are relevant to the regulation of biological processes, molecular function and cellular components. Particularly, CSE stimulated a significant increase of SUMOylated CYP1A1, a critical enzyme involved in the induction of oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a protein SUMOylation profile for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying COPD and support that smoking induces oxidative stress in HBEs, which may predispose to the development of COPD in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhou
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Caidian, 431000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Caidian, 431000, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Caidian, 431000, China
| | - Guorao Wu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Caidian, 431000, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - He Zhu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Caidian, 431000, China
| | - Huilan Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Caidian, 431000, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Kun Su
- The Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanchang High Technology Development Valley, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Lei Guo
- The Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanchang High Technology Development Valley, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Caidian, 431000, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Caidian, 431000, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Caidian, 431000, China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Caidian, 431000, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Caidian, 431000, China
| | - Jibao Cai
- The Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanchang High Technology Development Valley, Nanchang, 330096, China.
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Caidian, 431000, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Yu TJ, Tang JY, Lin LC, Lien WJ, Cheng YB, Chang FR, Ou-Yang F, Chang HW. Withanolide C Inhibits Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells via Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis and DNA Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090873. [PMID: 32947878 PMCID: PMC7555407 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some withanolides, particularly the family of steroidal lactones, show anticancer effects, but this is rarely reported for withanolide C (WHC)—especially anti-breast cancer effects. The subject of this study is to evaluate the ability of WHC to regulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells, using both time and concentration in treatment with WHC. In terms of ATP depletion, WHC induced more antiproliferation to three breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231, than to normal breast M10 cell lines. SKBR3 and MCF7 cells showing higher sensitivity to WHC were used to explore the antiproliferation mechanism. Flow cytometric apoptosis analyses showed that subG1 phase and annexin V population were increased in breast cancer cells after WHC treatment. Western blotting showed that cleaved forms of the apoptotic proteins poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP) and cleaved caspase 3 (c-Cas 3) were increased in breast cancer cells. Flow cytometric oxidative stress analyses showed that WHC triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) production as well as glutathione depletion. In contrast, normal breast M10 cells showed lower levels of ROS and annexin V expression than breast cancer cells. Flow cytometric DNA damage analyses showed that WHC triggered γH2AX and 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) expression in breast cancer cells. Moreover, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment reverted oxidative stress-mediated ATP depletion, apoptosis, and DNA damage. Therefore, WHC kills breast cancer cells depending on oxidative stress-associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Yu
- Division of Breast Surgery and Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-B.C.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Chung Hwa University Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Lien
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Ph.D Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-B.C.); (F.-R.C.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-B.C.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery and Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: or (F.O.-Y.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (F.O.-Y.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-B.C.); (F.-R.C.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or (F.O.-Y.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (F.O.-Y.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Crocin ameliorates arsenic trioxide‑induced cardiotoxicity via Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway: Reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110713. [PMID: 32920515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an excellent therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia; however, its use is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. Crocin (CRO) possesses abundant pharmacological and biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic. This study examined the cardioprotective effects of crocin and explored their mechanistic involvement in ATO-induced cardiotoxicity. Forty-eight male rats were treated with ATO to induce cardiotoxicity. In combination with ATO, CRO were given to evaluate its cardioprotection. The results demonstrated that CRO administration not only diminished QTc prolongation, myocardial enzymes and Troponin T levels but also improved histopathological results. CRO administration reduced reactive oxygen species generation. However, the CRO administration caused an increase in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and total sulphydryl levels and a decrease in malondialdehyde content, gamma glutamyl transferase and lipid hydroperoxides levels and proinflammatory cytokines. Importantly, immunohistochemical analysis, real time PCR and western blotting showed a reduction in Caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein expressions and enhancement of B cell lymphoma-2 expression. Real time PCR and western blotting showed a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, CRO caused an activation in nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, leading to enhanced Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, heme oxygenase-1 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide quinone dehydrogenase 1 expressions involved in Nrf2 signaling during ATO-induced cardiotoxicity. CRO was shown to ameliorate ATO-induced cardiotoxicity. The mechanisms for CRO amelioration of cardiotoxicity due to inflammation, oxidative damage, and apoptosis may occur via an up-regulated Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Liu P, Xue Y, Zheng B, Liang Y, Zhang J, Shi J, Chu X, Han X, Chu L. Crocetin attenuates the oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosisin arsenic trioxide-induced nephrotoxic rats: Implication of PI3K/AKT pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106959. [PMID: 32919218 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced renal toxicity through oxidative stress and apoptosis restricts the therapeutic action of acute myelogenous leukemia. Crocetin (Crt) possesses antioxidant and antiapoptosis properties, and has certain renal protective effects, but it has not been reported that it has protective effect on renal injury caused by ATO. The current study explored the effects and mechanisms of Crt on kidney damage induced by ATO. Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. Adult rats were given Crt concurrently with ATO for 1 week. On the 8th day, rats were killed and blood and kidney tissues were collected. Histopathological changes were measured, and kidneytissues and serum were used to determine renal function and antioxidant enzyme activity. In addition, the protein expression levels of P-PI3K, PI3K, P-AKT, AKT, CytC, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were determined via western blot analysis. Results revealed ATO induced renal morphological alterations and activated serum BUN and CRE. Compared with the control group, ROS, MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, protein carbonyls (PC), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and arsenic concentration levels were found to be significantly increased and SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH and total sulphydryl groups (TSH) levels were attenuated in the ATO group. Crt markedly reduced oxidative stress in ATO-induced nephrotoxicity. Further, ATO induced apoptosis by significantly enhancing CytC, Bax and Caspase-3 and inhibiting Bcl-2. Administration with Crt markedly improved the expression of apoptosis factor. Moreover, Crt treatment stimulated the expressions of P-PI3K, PI3K, P-AKT, AKT induced by ATO. This study indicates Crt could prevent renal injury caused by ATO through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and its mechanism may be related to activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yurun Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yingran Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Shi
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Xi Chu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China.
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China.
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23
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Liu Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Guo M, Mu M, Xing M. Arsenic (III) and/or copper (II) induces oxidative stress in chicken brain and subsequent effects on mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 211:111201. [PMID: 32805460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As two quite complicated substances, arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) have polluted to the environment. As is highly toxic and could cause nerve damage. Cu is involved in the occurrence of oxidative stress. The brain is one of the main target organs of heavy metal toxicity, but the damage mechanism activated by As and/or Cu in the chicken brain has not been precisely researched. This study is designed to analyze the nervous system damage induced by As and/or Cu exposure from both structural and molecular levels. Under the As and/or Cu stress, local hemorrhage, inflammatory infiltration and mitochondrial damage were observed. Enzymes and non-enzyme antioxidants clearly show that the redox balance is deviated gradually. The results of real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting revealed that there may be a cascading effect between oxidative stress and disruption of mitochondrial dynamics, the key protein of mitochondrial fusion has decreased and the fission protein has increased. The superposition of these two types of damage may activate the celluar autophagy pathway, the up-regulation of autophagy related genes (ATGs) levels could be observed. All data indicated that excessive As and/or Cu in the environment may pose a threat to the nervous system of poultry. These findings have neurophysiological meaning for exploring cross-contamination of As and Cu in the environment, and offering precautions to economic losses and negative effects on the health of animals and humans. In addition, it provides a reference for feed preparation and environmental protection in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Menghao Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mengyao Mu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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24
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García-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Stem Cell Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:E1693. [PMID: 32679735 PMCID: PMC7407626 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are associated with the mechanisms of chemoresistance to different cytotoxic drugs or radiotherapy, as well as with tumor relapse and a poor prognosis. Various studies have shown that mitochondria play a central role in these processes because of the ability of this organelle to modify cell metabolism, allowing survival and avoiding apoptosis clearance of cancer cells. Thus, the whole mitochondrial cycle, from its biogenesis to its death, either by mitophagy or by apoptosis, can be targeted by different drugs to reduce mitochondrial fitness, allowing for a restored or increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Once mitochondrial misbalance is induced by a specific drug in any of the processes of mitochondrial metabolism, two elements are commonly boosted: an increment in reactive nitrogen/oxygen species and, subsequently, activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Chen P, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Guan L, Jiao T, Zhao Y, Huang M, Bi H. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C reverses cellular senescence of MRC-5 fibroblasts via regulating lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:958-970. [PMID: 32632982 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a state of growth arrest, is involved in various age-related diseases. We previously found that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) is a key regulator of cancer cell proliferation and senescence, but it is unclear whether CPT1C plays a similar role in normal cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of CPT1C in cellular proliferation and senescence of human embryonic lung MRC-5 fibroblasts and the involved mechanisms. The results showed that CPT1C could reverse the cellular senescence of MRC-5 fibroblasts, as evidenced by reduced senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, downregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, and enhanced bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Lipidomics analysis further revealed that CPT1C gain-of-function reduced lipid accumulation and reversed abnormal metabolic reprogramming of lipids in late MRC-5 cells. Oil Red O staining and Nile red fluorescence also indicated significant reduction of lipid accumulation after CPT1C gain-of-function. Consequently, CPT1C gain-of-function significantly reversed mitochondrial dysfunction, as evaluated by increased adenosine triphosphate synthesis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, decreased radical oxygen species, upregulated respiratory capacity and mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial function. In summary, CPT1C plays a vital role in MRC-5 cellular proliferation and can reverse MRC-5 cellular senescence through the regulation of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function, which supports the role of CPT1C as a novel target for intervention into cellular proliferation and senescence and suggests CPT1C as a new strategy for antiaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianbin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanying Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihuan Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingying Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Shou J, Wang M, Cheng X, Wang X, Zhang L, Liu Y, Fei C, Wang C, Gu F, Xue F, Li J, Zhang K. Tizoxanide induces autophagy by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:257-270. [PMID: 31894502 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As the main metabolite of nitazoxanide, tizoxanide (TIZ) has a broad-spectrum anti-infective effect against parasites, bacteria, and virus. In this study, we investigated the effects of TIZ on autophagy by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. RAW264.7 macrophage cells were treated with various TIZ concentrations. Cell viability assay, transmission electron microscope, and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the biological function of the macrophage cells, and the expression levels of the autophagy pathway-related proteins were measured by Western blot. Results revealed that TIZ promoted the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, the formation of autophagy vacuoles, and the degradation of SQSTM1/p62 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells. Treatment with TIZ increased the Beclin-1 expression level and inhibited PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and ULK1 activation. These effects were enhanced by pretreatment with rapamycin but attenuated by pretreatment with LY294002. In addition, the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II was observed in Vero, 293T, and HepG2 cells treated with TIZ. These data suggested that TIZ may induce autophagy by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway in macrophages and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoqin Shou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Yuhu District, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaolei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chenzhong Fei
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Feiqun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Yuhu District, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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27
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Cui WS, Zhang Q, Zhao XH. Impact of heat treatment on anti-oxidative and anti-colon cancer activities of the soluble extracts from black mulberry ( Morus nigra L.) using water and ethanol–water solvents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30415-30427. [PMID: 35516035 PMCID: PMC9056280 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05598k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) is an edible fruit with various health functions in the body. In this study, the lyophilized black mulberry was extracted using water and 75% (v/v) ethanol–water, respectively; afterwards, the soluble extracts were subjected to these treatments like ethanol removal, heat treatment at 100 °C for various times, or activated carbon-mediated dephenolization. The assaying results indicated that the used heat treatment led to decreased anthocyanin but increased total phenol and flavonoid contents for the water- and ethanol-extracts, while the dephenolized extracts after the heat treatment also had increased total phenol and flavonoid contents. The performed heat treatment decreased anti-oxidative activities of the water- and ethanol-extracts, resulting in reduced scavenging activities to the DPPH and hydroxyl radicals and lower reducing power for Fe(iii) ions. However, the results from cell experiments also demonstrated that the heat treatment at 100 °C for 45 min caused the water- and ethanol-extracts or dephenolized extracts with higher anti-cancer activity against human colon cancer HCT-116 cells. Overall, the heated extracts were more effective than the unheated counterparts to inhibit cell growth, alter cell morphology, generate more intracellular reactive oxygen species, enhance intracellular Ca2+ level, and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells. It is thereby concluded that the heat treatment of black mulberry might reduce its anti-oxidation but increase its anti-colon cancer effect due to the occurrence of the Maillard reaction and other unidentified reactions, which will deepen our present knowledge and provide a scientific basis to optimize storage or processing conditions of plant-based foods. Heat treatment of water/ethanol extracts of black mulberry decreased anti-oxidation but increased total phenol content and anti-colon cancer effect in HCT-116 cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Si Cui
- School of Biology and Food Engineering
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- 525000 Maoming
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- 525000 Maoming
- PR China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- 525000 Maoming
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science
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28
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Hu Y, Gui Z, Zhou Y, Xia L, Lin K, Xu Y. Quercetin alleviates rat osteoarthritis by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis of chondrocytes, modulating synovial macrophages polarization to M2 macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:146-160. [PMID: 31550528 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disorder that is primarily characterized by the degeneration and destruction of the articular cartilage. Cartilage matrix degradation, production of proinflammatory mediators, chondrocyte apoptosis and activation of macrophages in the synovial are involved in OA pathogenesis. Current non-surgical therapies for OA mainly aim at relieving pain but can barely alleviate the progression of OA. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid has shown potent anti-inflammatory effects, however, its effects and underlying mechanisms on OA have seldom been systematically illuminated. In this study, we explored the protective effects of quercetin on repairing OA-induced cartilage injuries and its possible mechanisms. In vitro, quercetin remarkably suppressed the expression of matrix degrading proteases and inflammatory mediators, meantime promoted the production of cartilage anabolic factors in interleukin-1β-induced (IL-1β) rat chondrocytes. In addition, quercetin exhibited anti-apoptotic effects by decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), restoring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and inhibiting the Caspase-3 pathway in apoptotic rat chondrocytes. Moreover, quercetin induced M2 polarization of macrophages and upregulated the expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), which in turn created a pro-chondrogenic microenvironment for chondrocytes and promoted the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in chondrocytes. In vivo, intra-articular injection of quercetin alleviated the degradation of the cartilage and the apoptosis of chondrocytes in a rat OA model. Moreover, the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in the synovial fluid and the ratio of M2 macrophages in the synovial membrane were elevated. In summary, our study proves that quercetin exerts chondroprotective effects by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis of chondrocytes, modulating synovial macrophages polarization to M2 macrophages and creating a pro-chondrogenic environment for chondrocytes to enhance cartilage repair under OA environment. It is suggested that quercetin may serve as a potential drug for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Gui
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuning Zhou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kaili Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanjin Xu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Chen M, Luo Y, Xu J, Chang MX, Liu JX. Copper Regulates the Susceptibility of Zebrafish Larvae to Inflammatory Stimuli by Controlling Neutrophil/Macrophage Survival. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2599. [PMID: 31787979 PMCID: PMC6856049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper has been revealed to negatively affect the hematopoietic system, which has an important function in immune pathogen defense, but little is known about the potential mechanism. In this study, copper-stressed larvae exhibited significantly increased mortality as well as reduced percentages of GFP-labeled macrophages and neutrophils after Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) infection. However, those copper-stressed GFP-labeled macrophages and neutrophils showed more rapid responses to A. hydrophila infection. The transcriptional profiles in copper-stressed macrophages or neutrophils were unveiled by RNA-Sequencing, and KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lysosome, apoptosis, oxidative phosphorylation, phagosome, etc. The copper-stressed macrophages or neutrophils were revealed to have an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria ROS (mROS)-mediated apoptosis, and a reduction in phagocytosis. Furthermore, the A. hydrophila-infected copper-stressed macrophages or neutrophils were found to be unable to maintain a consistently increased expression in immune responsive genes. This study demonstrated for the first time that copper might induce the susceptibility of fish larvae to inflammatory stimuli via triggering macrophage or neutrophil apoptosis, leading to reduced phagocytic activities and non-sustainable immune responses in immune macrophages or neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingYue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - JiangPing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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30
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Miodragović Ð, Swindell EP, Waxali ZS, Bogachkov A, O'Halloran TV. Beyond Cisplatin: Combination Therapy with Arsenic Trioxide. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019; 496:119030. [PMID: 32863421 PMCID: PMC7453736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs (cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin) and arsenic trioxide are the only commercial inorganic non-radioactive anticancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Numerous efforts are underway to take advantage of the synergy between the anticancer activity of cisplatin and arsenic trioxide - two drugs with strikingly different mechanisms of action. These include co-encapsulation of the two drugs in novel nanoscale delivery systems as well as the development of small molecule agents that combine the activity of these two inorganic materials. Several of these new molecular entities containing Pt-As bonds have broad anticancer activity, are robust in physiological buffer solutions, and form stable complexes with biopolymers. This review summarizes results from a number of preclinical studies involving the combination of cisplatin and As2O3, co-encapsulation and nanoformulation efforts, and the chemistry and cytotoxicity of the first member of platinum anticancer agents with an arsenous acid moiety bound to the platinum(II) center: arsenoplatins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ðenana Miodragović
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - Elden P Swindell
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zohra Sattar Waxali
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Abraham Bogachkov
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas V O'Halloran
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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31
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Ge X, Liu X, Tian Z, Chen S, Liu X, Guo L, Gong P, Ling B, Yuan X, Liu Z. Half‐sandwich Ruthenium (II) complexes with triphenylamine modified dipyridine skeleton and application in biology/luminescence imaging. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Ge
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Shujiao Chen
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Peiwei Gong
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Baoping Ling
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Xiang‐Ai Yuan
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
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Wang C, Ning Z, Wan F, Huang R, Chao L, Kang Z, Yang F, Zhong G, Li Y, Pan J, Tang Z, Hu L. Characterization of the cellular effects and mechanism of arsenic trioxide-induced hepatotoxicity in broiler chickens. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104629. [PMID: 31442540 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the cellular effects and mechanism of arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced hepatotoxicity in broiler chickens, increasing concentrations of ATO (0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 μM) were added to chicken hepatocyte cultures in vitro. The changes in hepatocyte morphology, oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The effects of ATO on mRNA or protein expression of antioxidant enzymes, especially methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr), were analyzed using qRT-PCR and western blotting assays. Increased apoptosis were concomitant with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) with increasing ATO concentrations. Moreover, G1 phase arrest and dysregulation of the balance between antiapoptotic versus proapoptotic factors were noted. Furthermore, upregulation of HO-1, SOD-1, and TRX in the ATO groups were consistent with ATO-induced oxidative damage. High Msr, SOD-1, TRX, Bak1, Bax, and p53 protein levels in the ATO groups indicate that these proteins may have accumulated to counter ATO-induced oxidative stress. ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) could reverse ATO-induced oxidative damage and restore hepatocyte viability, even with compromised Msr function. Our findings suggest that Msr can protect broiler hepatocytes against ATO-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, NAC-mediated reversal of oxidative damage may represent a strategy to mitigate potential economic losses associated with arsenic poisoning in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhijun Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Limin Chao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenlong Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Changes of the stability and bioactivity of quercetin and myricetin in BGC-823 cells in response to heat treatment and Fe2+/Cu2+ addition. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Liu WN, Shi J, Fu Y, Zhao XH. The Stability and Activity Changes of Apigenin and Luteolin in Human Cervical Cancer Hela Cells in Response to Heat Treatment and Fe 2+/Cu 2+ Addition. Foods 2019; 8:E346. [PMID: 31416279 PMCID: PMC6723879 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds with desired bio-functions but with chemical instability and sensitivity to temperature, oxygen, and other factors. Apigenin and luteolin, two flavones of the flavonoid family in plant foods, were; thus, assessed and compared for their stability, especially the changes in anti-cancer activity in response to the conducted heat treatments and the addition of ferrous or cupric ions. The two flavones in aqueous solutions showed first-order degradation at 20 and 37 °C. The addition of ferrous or cupric ions (except for Cu2+ at 37 °C) enhanced luteolin stability via forming the luteolin-metal complexes; however, Fe/Cu addition (especially at 37 °C) consistently impaired apigenin stability. Using the human cervical cancer Hela cells and two cell treatment times (24 and 48 h), it was evident that heat treatments (37 and 100 °C) or Fe/Cu addition could endow apigenin and luteolin with decreased activities in growth inhibition, DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis induction. In general, higher temperature led to greater decrease in these activities, while Fe2+ was more effective than Cu2+ to decrease these activities. The correlation analysis also suggested that the decreased ROS generation of the two flavones in the Hela cells was positively correlated with their decreased apoptosis induction. It is; thus, concluded that the two treatments can influence the two flavones' stability and especially exert an adverse impact on their anti-cancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
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Song WH, Ryu DY, Pang WK, Yoon SJ, Rahman MS, Pang MG. NT5C1B and FH are closely associated with cryoprotectant tolerance in spermatozoa. Andrology 2019; 8:221-230. [PMID: 31168966 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryoprotective agent (CPA) addition during sperm cryopreservation causes detrimental effects on sperm function and quality. We previously reported that CPA addition adversely affects bull sperm physiological functions and shows differentially expressed proteins. OBJECTIVES To study functional and proteomic alterations between high CPA-tolerant spermatozoa (HCS) and low CPA-tolerant spermatozoa (LCS) in bull. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bull semen was collected from the cauda epididymides of Korean bull (Hanwoo) and suspended in Tris-egg yolk buffer (TYB). The collected fresh semen was diluted down to a final concentration of 6% glycerol TYB solution. After CPA exposure to the sperm cells from individual bulls, the percentage of sperm motility was examined by utilizing a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. According to sperm motility value, the HCS (motility above 80%) and LCS (motility below 60%) groups were evaluated for sperm function parameters (swimming speed, capacitation, viability, and mitochondrial function) and protein expression. RESULTS The HCS group had good sperm function parameters following CPA addition, whereas sperm functions in the LCS group were significantly reduced. There were differentially expressed proteins between the HCS and LCS groups. Cytosolic 5-nucleotidase 1B and fumarate hydratase were abundantly expressed in the HCS group, while F-actin-capping protein subunit beta, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2, and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 had a lower expression in the HCS group than in the LCS group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Identified proteins implicate potential markers to predict CPA-tolerable spermatozoa, which could provide a method of selecting animals and breeds with cryoprotectant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Hee Song
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea.,BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Do-Yeal Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea.,BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Won-Ki Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea.,BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Sung-Jae Yoon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea.,BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea.,BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea.,BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
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Huang C, Wen C, Yang M, Gan D, Fan C, Li A, Li Q, Zhao J, Zhu L, Lu D. Lycopene protects against t-BHP-induced neuronal oxidative damage and apoptosis via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3387-3397. [PMID: 31006097 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key factor of and closely implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We herein used tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) to induce oxidative stress and mimic oxidative neurotoxicity in vitro. Lycopene is a natural antioxidant that has a strong ability to eliminate free radicals and shows effective protection in some neurodegenerative disease models. However, the effect of lycopene on t-BHP-induced neuronal damage in primary mouse neurons is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lycopene on t-BHP-induced neuronal damage and the related mechanisms. We found that lycopene pretreatment effectively enhanced the cell viability, improved the neuron morphology, increased the GSH/GSSG level, restored the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and decreased reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, lycopene reduced the ratios of Bax:Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3:caspase-3 and the level of cytochrome C, increased the levels of synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) and activated the PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, lycopene attenuated oxidative stress and reduced t-BHP-induced cell apoptosis, and the mechanism is likely related to activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, lycopene is a potential agent for preventing oxidative stress-mediated AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqin Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Science Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiyan Wen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Science Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Science Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Danhui Gan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Science Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Chongzhu Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Science Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - An Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Science Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Science Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Science Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Science Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Science Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Promotes NSCLC Resistance to Cisplatin via ROS-Induced Activation of PI3K/AKT Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7640547. [PMID: 31032363 PMCID: PMC6457285 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7640547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cytotoxicity is an important mechanism by which cisplatin kills tumor cells. Glutathione peroxidase family (GPXs) is an important member of antioxidant system which metabolizes intracellular ROS and maintains homeostasis of cells. Altered expressions of GPXs enzymes, especially GPX1, have been described in a variety of human cancers. However, their functional roles in cisplatin-based chemoresistance in human malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer have never been explored. Methods A panel of NSCLC cell lines were selected for this study. GPX1 expression was detected using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Cisplatin-induced cell killing was analyzed by CCK8 assay. Intracellular ROS levels were detected by fluorescence-based flow cytometry analysis. In vitro overexpression and knockdown of GPX1 expression were performed using GPX1 expression vector and siRNA approaches. Protein levels of PTEN, NF-κB, BCL2, Bax, and phosphorylated AKT were detected with western blot analysis using specific antibodies. Results GPX1 expression was upregulated in a subset of NSCLC cell lines resistant to cisplatin treatment. Expression vector-mediated forced overexpression of GPX1 significantly increased cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cell lines, whereas RNA inference-mediated downregulation of GPX1 could restore sensitivity to cisplatin. Overexpression of GPX1 significantly suppressed elevation of intracellular ROS and activation of AKT pathway when NSCLC cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of cisplatin. Activation of the AKT pathway inhibited proapoptotic cascade and subsequently led to cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells. Inhibition of NF-κB by its chemical inhibitor BAY can significantly downregulate GPX1 expression and restore the cisplatin sensitivity of the cell lines resistant to cisplatin. Conclusions Our findings suggested that overexpression of GPX1 is a novel molecular mechanism for cisplatin-based chemoresistance in NSCLC. GPX1 overexpression blocks cisplatin-induced ROS intracellular accumulation, activates PI3K-AKT pathway by increased AKT phosphorylation, and further leads to cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling may be an alternative approach for restoring cisplatin sensitivity for NSCLC cells resistant to cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Jagust P, de Luxán-Delgado B, Parejo-Alonso B, Sancho P. Metabolism-Based Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:203. [PMID: 30967773 PMCID: PMC6438930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity constitutes the major source of disease progression and therapy failure. Tumors comprise functionally diverse subpopulations, with cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the source of this heterogeneity. Since these cells bear in vivo tumorigenicity and metastatic potential, survive chemotherapy and drive relapse, its elimination may be the only way to achieve long-term survival in patients. Thanks to the great advances in the field over the last few years, we know now that cellular metabolism and stemness are highly intertwined in normal development and cancer. Indeed, CSCs show distinct metabolic features as compared with their more differentiated progenies, though their dominant metabolic phenotype varies across tumor entities, patients and even subclones within a tumor. Following initial works focused on glucose metabolism, current studies have unveiled particularities of CSC metabolism in terms of redox state, lipid metabolism and use of alternative fuels, such as amino acids or ketone bodies. In this review, we describe the different metabolic phenotypes attributed to CSCs with special focus on metabolism-based therapeutic strategies tested in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jagust
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz de Luxán-Delgado
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Parejo-Alonso
- Traslational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Traslational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
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Pinheiro DML, de Oliveira AHS, Coutinho LG, Fontes FL, de Medeiros Oliveira RK, Oliveira TT, Faustino ALF, Lira da Silva V, de Melo Campos JTA, Lajus TBP, de Souza SJ, Agnez-Lima LF. Resveratrol decreases the expression of genes involved in inflammation through transcriptional regulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:8-22. [PMID: 30366059 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress generated during inflammation is associated with a wide range of pathologies. Resveratrol (RESV) displays anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, being a candidate for the development of adjuvant therapies for several inflammatory diseases. Despite this potential, the cellular responses induced by RESV are not well known. In this work, transcriptomic analysis was performed following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of monocyte cultures in the presence of RESV. Induction of an inflammatory response was observed after LPS treatment and the addition of RESV led to decreases in expression of the inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), without cytotoxicity. RNA sequencing revealed 823 upregulated and 2098 downregulated genes (cutoff ≥2.0 or ≤-2.0) after RESV treatment. Gene ontology analysis showed that the upregulated genes were associated with metabolic processes and the cell cycle, consistent with normal cell growth and differentiation under an inflammatory stimulus. The downregulated genes were associated with inflammatory responses, gene expression, and protein modification. The prediction of master regulators using the iRegulon tool showed nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and GA-binding protein alpha subunit (GABPA) as the main regulators of the downregulated genes. Using immunoprecipitation and protein expression assays, we observed that RESV was able to decrease protein acetylation patterns, such as acetylated apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/reduction-oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1), and increase histone methylation. In addition, reductions in p65 (nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunit) and lysine-specific histone demethylase-1 (LSD1) expression were observed. In conclusion, our data indicate that treatment with RESV caused significant changes in protein acetylation and methylation patterns, suggesting the induction of deacetylase and reduction of demethylase activities that mainly affect regulatory cascades mediated by NF-кB and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. NRF1 and GABPA seem to be the main regulators of the transcriptional profile observed after RESV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Helena Sales de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil; Chemistry Department, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leonam Gomes Coutinho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Rio Grande do Norte, IFRN, São Paulo do Potengi, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Lima Fontes
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Teixeira Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - André Luís Fonseca Faustino
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), IMD, UFRN, Brazil
| | - Vandeclécio Lira da Silva
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), IMD, UFRN, Brazil
| | | | - Tirzah Braz Petta Lajus
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sandro José de Souza
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), IMD, UFRN, Brazil
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Guan L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Fan S, Gao Y, Jiao T, Fu K, Sun J, Yu A, Huang M, Bi H. Effects of carnitine palmitoyltransferases on cancer cellular senescence. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1707-1719. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihuan Guan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Shicheng Fan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Tingying Jiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Kaili Fu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Aiming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine Sacramento California
| | - Min Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Huichang Bi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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Ding K, Liao Y, Gong D, Zhao X, Ji W. Effect of long non-coding RNA H19 on oxidative stress and chemotherapy resistance of CD133+ cancer stem cells via the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Park WH, Han BR, Park HK, Kim SZ. Arsenic trioxide induces growth inhibition and death in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells accompanied by mitochondrial O2•- increase and GSH depletion. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:833-840. [PMID: 29708299 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO; As2 O3 ) induces cell death in various cells via oxidative stress. Expose to chronic arsenic is involved in the development of vascular diseases. However, little is known about the cytotoxic effects of ATO on human normal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Thus, in this study, we investigated the effects of ATO on cell growth and death in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle (HPASM) cells in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. ATO treatment decreased the growth of HPASM cells with an IC50 of ∼30-50 μM at 24 h, and ATO induced HPASM cell death via apoptosis or necrosis dependent on the doses of it at this time. Treatment with 50 μM ATO did not increase ROS levels at the early time points, but it significantly increased mitochondrial O2•- levels at 24 h. ATO also induced GSH depletion in HPASM cells. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC; a well-known antioxidant) did not significantly affect apoptotic cell death, ROS levels, or GSH depletion in ATO-treated HPASM cells. However, l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; an inhibitor of GSH synthesis) intensified mitochondrial O2•- levels in ATO-treated HPASM cells, and significantly increased cell death and GSH depletion in these cells as well. In summary, we provided the first evidence that ATO inhibited the growth of HPASM cells, and induced apoptotic and/or necrotic cell death in these cells, accompanied by increases in mitochondrial O2•- level and GSH depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyun Park
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ran Han
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Park
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Zoo Kim
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
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43
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Doshi KA, Trotta R, Natarajan K, Rassool FV, Tron AE, Huszar D, Perrotti D, Baer MR. Pim kinase inhibition sensitizes FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia cells to topoisomerase 2 inhibitors through increased DNA damage and oxidative stress. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48280-48295. [PMID: 27374090 PMCID: PMC5217017 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication of fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3-ITD) is frequent (30 percent) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and is associated with short disease-free survival following chemotherapy. The serine threonine kinase Pim-1 is a pro-survival oncogene transcriptionally upregulated by FLT3-ITD that also promotes its signaling in a positive feedback loop. Thus inhibiting Pim-1 represents an attractive approach in targeting FLT3-ITD cells. Indeed, co-treatment with the pan-Pim kinase inhibitor AZD1208 or expression of a kinase-dead Pim-1 mutant sensitized FLT3-ITD cell lines to apoptosis triggered by chemotherapy drugs including the topoisomerase 2 inhibitors daunorubicin, etoposide and mitoxantrone, but not the nucleoside analog cytarabine. AZD1208 sensitized primary AML cells with FLT3-ITD to topoisomerase 2 inhibitors, but did not sensitize AML cells with wild-type FLT3 or remission bone marrow cells, supporting a favorable therapeutic index. Mechanistically, the enhanced apoptosis observed with AZD1208 and topoisomerase 2 inhibitor combination treatment was associated with increased DNA double-strand breaks and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and co-treatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine rescued FLT3-ITD cells from AZD1208 sensitization to topoisomerase 2 inhibitors. Our data support testing of Pim kinase inhibitors with topoisomerase 2 inhibitors, but not with cytarabine, to improve treatment outcomes in AML with FLT3-ITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama A Doshi
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rossana Trotta
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karthika Natarajan
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feyruz V Rassool
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Danilo Perrotti
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria R Baer
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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44
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Luo CQ, Zhou YX, Zhou TJ, Xing L, Cui PF, Sun M, Jin L, Lu N, Jiang HL. Reactive oxygen species-responsive nanoprodrug with quinone methides-mediated GSH depletion for improved chlorambucil breast cancers therapy. J Control Release 2018; 274:56-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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45
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Mesbahi Y, Zekri A, Ahmadian S, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. Targeting of EGFR increase anti-cancer effects of arsenic trioxide: Promising treatment for glioblastoma multiform. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 820:274-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Zhang F, Zhang JG, Qu J, Zhang Q, Prasad C, Wei ZJ. Assessment of anti-cancerous potential of 6-gingerol (Tongling White Ginger) and its synergy with drugs on human cervical adenocarcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:910-922. [PMID: 28249781 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The anti-cancerous activity of 6-gingerol extracted from Tongling White Ginger was investigated. 6-Gingerol inhibited the growth of HeLa cells with IC50 (96.32 μM) and IC80 (133.01 μM) and led to morphological changes, induced the cell cycle arrest in G0/G1-phase and ultimately resulted into apoptosis. Among cell cycle-related genes and proteins, the expression of cyclin (A, D1, E1) reduced, while of CDK-1, p21 and p27 showed slight decrease, except cyclin B1 and E1 (protein). Western blotting reported the induction of apoptosis with an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of cytochrome c, cleavage of caspase-3, -8, -9 and PRPP in treated cells. 6-Gingerol activated AMPK, but inhibited PI3K/AKT phosphorylation with reduced P70S6K expression and also suppressed the mTOR phosphorylation. 6-Gingerol with 5-FU and Ptx resulted in 83.2% and 52% inhibition respectively, this synergy have stimulated apoptosis proteins more efficiently as compared to 6-Gingerol alone (10.75%) under in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Qu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chandan Prasad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Yu Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yin J, Qiu J. Reactive oxygen species-scavenging system is involved in l-amino acid oxidase accumulation in Pseudoalteromonas sp. B3. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:326. [PMID: 28955623 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the mechanisms underlying the flavoprotein l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) accumulation in cells remain unclear. In this study, using LAAO-producer Pseudoalteromonas spp. as model organisms, we found that the cell biomass is negatively associated with LAAO accumulation, whereas the LAAO accumulation is positively associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capability. The expression levels of ROS-scavenging-associated genes were up-regulated with LAAO accumulation in Pseudoalteromonas cells, which is presumably due to the requirement for the removal of LAAO-induced ROS. Exogenous H2O2 exposure experiment supported that the ROS-scavenging system is associated with LAAO accumulation in Pseudoalteromonas. All these observations indicate that ROS-scavenging capacity determines LAAO accumulation in bacterial cells. Our results shed a light on understanding the mechanism underlying controlling and adapting to LAAO accumulation in Pseudoalteromonas. Besides, our findings are critical to the improvement of heterologous expression of active LAAO in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Yangsheng Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Juanping Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
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48
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Chang HW, Li RN, Wang HR, Liu JR, Tang JY, Huang HW, Chan YH, Yen CY. Withaferin A Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Oral Cancer Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:634. [PMID: 28936177 PMCID: PMC5594071 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA) is one of the most active steroidal lactones with reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulating effects against several types of cancer. ROS regulation involves selective killing. However, the anticancer and selective killing effects of WFA against oral cancer cells remain unclear. We evaluated whether the killing ability of WFA is selective, and we explored its mechanism against oral cancer cells. An MTS tetrazolium cell proliferation assay confirmed that WFA selectively killed two oral cancer cells (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) rather than normal oral cells (HGF-1). WFA also induced apoptosis of Ca9-22 cells, which was measured by flow cytometry for subG1 percentage, annexin V expression, and pan-caspase activity, as well as western blotting for caspases 1, 8, and 9 activations. Flow cytometry analysis shows that WFA-treated Ca9-22 oral cancer cells induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and phosphorylated histone H2A.X (γH2AX)-based DNA damage. Moreover, pretreating Ca9-22 cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) rescued WFA-induced selective killing, apoptosis, G2/M arrest, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. We conclude that WFA induced oxidative stress-mediated selective killing of oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ru Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ru Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Chi-Mei Medical CenterTainan, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
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49
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Chang YT, Huang CY, Tang JY, Liaw CC, Li RN, Liu JR, Sheu JH, Chang HW. Reactive oxygen species mediate soft corals-derived sinuleptolide-induced antiproliferation and DNA damage in oral cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3289-3297. [PMID: 28740404 PMCID: PMC5505647 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s138123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the soft coral-derived bioactive substance, sinuleptolide, can inhibit the proliferation of oral cancer cells in association with oxidative stress. The functional role of oxidative stress in the cell-killing effect of sinuleptolide on oral cancer cells was not investigated as yet. To address this question, we introduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger (N-acetylcysteine [NAC]) in a pretreatment to evaluate the sinuleptolide-induced changes to cell viability, morphology, intracellular ROS, mitochondrial superoxide, apoptosis, and DNA damage of oral cancer cells (Ca9-22). After sinuleptolide treatment, antiproliferation, apoptosis-like morphology, ROS/mitochondrial superoxide generation, annexin V-based apoptosis, and γH2AX-based DNA damage were induced. All these changes were blocked by NAC pretreatment at 4 mM for 1 h. This showed that the cell-killing mechanism of oral cancer cells of sinuleptolide is ROS dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ting Chang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yao Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuang Liaw
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ru Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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50
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A Novel Benzoquinone Compound Isolated from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Triggers Apoptosis of Tumor Cells. Mar Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/md15070200 pmid: 286728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are important sources for screening bioactive natural products. However, natural products from deep-sea microbes have not been extensively explored. In this study, the metabolites of bacteriophage GVE2 -infected (Geobacillus sp. E263 virus) thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus sp. E263, which was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, were characterized. A novel quinoid compound, which had anti-tumor activity, was isolated from the phage-challenged thermophile. The chemical structure analysis showed that this novel quinoid compound was 2-amino-6-hydroxy-[1,4]-benzoquinone. The results indicated that 2-amino-6-hydroxy-[1,4]-benzoquinone and its two derivatives could trigger apoptosis of gastric cancer cells and breast cancer cells by inducing the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Therefore, our study highlighted that the metabolites from the phage-challenged deep-sea microbes might be a kind of promising sources for anti-tumor drug discovery, because of the similarity of metabolic disorder between bacteriophage-infected microbes and tumor cells.
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