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Luo G, Li H, Lu Q, Cao J, Lv H, Jiang Y. Effects of protoscoleces excretory-secretory products of Echinococcus granulosus on hepatocyte growth, function, and glucose metabolism. Acta Trop 2024; 249:107066. [PMID: 37944837 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most widespread and harmful zoonotic parasitic diseases, which most commonly affects the liver. In this study, we characterized multiple changes in mouse hepatocytes following treatment with excretory-secretory products (ESPs) of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces (Eg-PSCs) by a factorial experiment. The cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8), the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect the growth of hepatocytes. Inverted microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the morphology and ultrastructure of hepatocytes. An automatic biochemical analyzer and an ELISA detection kit were used to determine six conventional hepatocyte enzymatic indices, the levels of five hepatocyte-synthesized substances, and the contents of glucose and lactate. Western blot analysis was conducted to analyze the protein expression of three apoptosis-related proteins, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, and six glucose metabolism pathways rate-limiting enzymes in hepatocytes. The results showed that ESPs inhibited hepatocyte proliferation and promoted hepatocyte apoptosis. The cell membrane and microvilli of hepatocytes changed, and the nucleus, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum were damaged to varying degrees. The contents of iron, albumin (ALB), uric acid (UA) and urea were increased, and the activities of six enzymes in hepatocytes were increased except for the decrease of transferrin (TRF). The expression levels of all six key enzymes in the glucose metabolism pathway in hepatocytes were reduced. Our characterization provides a basis for further research on the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Luo
- Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anyue County People's Hospital, Ziyang, 642350, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiwen Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anyue County People's Hospital, Ziyang, 642350, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangtao Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Hailong Lv
- Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China.
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Farag AK, Roh EJ. Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family modulators: Current and future therapeutic outcomes. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:349-385. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Karam Farag
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School; University of Science and Technology; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School; University of Science and Technology; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Death associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK) is an important serine/theoreine kinase involved in various cellular processes such as apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation. DAPK expression and activity are misregulated in multiple diseases including cancer, neuronal death, stoke, et al. Methylation of the DAPK gene is common in many types of cancer and can lead to loss of DAPK expression. In this review, we summarize the pathological status and functional roles of DAPK in disease and compare the published reagents that can manipulate the expression or activity of DAPK. The pleiotropic functions of DAPK make it an intriguing target and the barriers and opportunities for targeting DAPK for future clinical application are discussed.
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Sampson ER, McMurray HR, Hassane DC, Newman L, Salzman P, Jordan CT, Land H. Gene signature critical to cancer phenotype as a paradigm for anticancer drug discovery. Oncogene 2012; 32:3809-18. [PMID: 22964631 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant cell transformation commonly results in the deregulation of thousands of cellular genes, an observation that suggests a complex biological process and an inherently challenging scenario for the development of effective cancer interventions. To better define the genes/pathways essential to regulating the malignant phenotype, we recently described a novel strategy based on the cooperative nature of carcinogenesis that focuses on genes synergistically deregulated in response to cooperating oncogenic mutations. These so-called 'cooperation response genes' (CRGs) are highly enriched for genes critical for the cancer phenotype, thereby suggesting their causal role in the malignant state. Here, we show that CRGs have an essential role in drug-mediated anticancer activity and that anticancer agents can be identified through their ability to antagonize the CRG expression profile. These findings provide proof-of-concept for the use of the CRG signature as a novel means of drug discovery with relevance to underlying anticancer drug mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Sampson
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Wang Y, Ma C, Zhang H, Wu J. Novel protein pp3501 mediates the inhibitory effect of sodium butyrate on SH-SY5Y cell proliferation. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2696-703. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang HT, Wu J, Wen M, Su LJ, Luo H. Galangin induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the caspase 8/t-Bid mitochondrial pathway. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:626-633. [PMID: 22575016 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.682152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study has investigated whether galangin, a flavonol derived from Alpinia officinarum Hance and used as food additives in southern China, induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs) by activation of the caspase-8 and Bid pathway. The apoptosis of HCCs was evaluated by in situ uptake of propidium iodide and Hoechst 33258. Protein expressions were detected by Western blotting. Caspase-8 activity was measured using colorimetric method. To confirm the galangin-induced apoptotic pathway, inhibition of caspase-8 activity by Z-IETD-FMK, knockdown of Bid expression with siRNA, and overexpression of Bcl-2 in cells were carried out, respectively. The results show that galangin has significantly induced apoptosis in HCC lines. The caspase-8 is activated, and the cleavage of Bid results in the increase in tBid. The galangin-induced apoptosis is attenuated by Z-IETD-FMK, Bid siRNA, and Bcl-2 overexpression, respectively. However, Bcl-2 fails to suppress caspase-8 activation and the cleavage of Bid. This study has demonstrated that galangin induces apoptosis in HCCs by activating caspase 8/t-Bid mitochondrial pathway. Although Bcl-2 overexpression attenuates galangin-mediated apoptosis of HCCs, it is not mediated by the inhibition of tBid generation and caspase-8 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
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Wen M, Wu J, Luo H, Zhang H. Galangin Induces Autophagy through Upregulation of p53 in HepG2 Cells. Pharmacology 2012; 89:247-55. [DOI: 10.1159/000337041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Zhang HT, Luo H, Wu J, Lan LB, Fan DH, Zhu KD, Chen XY, Wen M, Liu HM. Galangin induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the mitochondrial pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:3377-84. [PMID: 20632439 PMCID: PMC2904883 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i27.3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the mechanism by which galangin, a polyphenolic compound derived from medicinal herbs, induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
METHODS: The 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay was used to measure cell viability. Apoptosis was evaluated by in situ uptake of propidium iodide and Hoechst 33258 and was then detected by fluorescence microscopy. Protein expressions were detected by Western blotting. To confirm the apoptotic pathway mediated by galangin, cells were transfected by bcl-2 gene to overexpress Bcl-2 or siRNA to down-regulate Bcl-2 expression.
RESULTS: Galangin (46.25-370.0 μmol/L) exerted an anti-proliferative effect, induced apoptosis, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose and time-dependent manner. Treatment with galangin induced apoptosis by translocating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax to the mitochondria, which released apoptosis-inducing factor and cytochrome c into the cytosol. Overexpression of Bcl-2 attenuated galangin-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis, while decreasing Bcl-2 expression enhanced galangin-induced cell apoptosis.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that galangin mediates apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway, and may be a potential chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of HCC.
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Trichostatin A sensitizes cisplatin-resistant A549 cells to apoptosis by up-regulating death-associated protein kinase. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:93-101. [PMID: 20048748 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of trichostatin A (TSA) in the human lung adenocarcinoma cisplatin-resistant cell line (A549/CDDP) and to examine whether TSA can enhance sensitivity to cisplatin treatment and the underlying molecular mechanisms of such an enhancement. METHODS Cell viability was evaluated using the Neutral Red assay. Apoptosis was assessed using Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry analysis. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. To determine the role of Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) in TSA-induced apoptosis in the A549/CDDP cell line, cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)-DAPK, which has a higher expression level of DAPK compared to endogenous expression, and DAPK activity was inhibited by both over-expression C-terminal fragment of DAPK which may competitive binding DAPK substrates to inhibit the function of DAPK and RNA interference. RESULTS TSA induced apoptosis in both A549 cells and A549/CDDP cells. TSA enhanced the sensitivity of A549/CDDP cells to cisplatin, along with concomitant DAPK up-regulation. When DAPK was over-expressed, A549/CDDP cells became sensitive to cisplatin and the cytotoxicity of TSA could be increased. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of TSA could be alleviated by inhibition of DAPK activity by the expression of a recombinant C-terminal fragment of DAPK or RNA interference. CONCLUSION TSA induced sensitivity to cisplatin treatment in cisplatin-resistant A549 cells. The up-regulation of DAPK is one of the mechanisms mediating sensitization to TSA-induced apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant cells.
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