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Deng ZT, Liang SF, Huang GK, Wang YQ, Tu XY, Zhang YN, Li S, Liu T, Cheng BB. Autophagy plays a pro-apoptotic role in arsenic trioxide-induced cell death of liver cancer. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:295-302. [PMID: 38599914 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on hepatocellular carcinoma have been documented widely. Autophagy plays dual roles in the survival and death of cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the exact role of autophagy in As2O3-induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells. METHODS The viability of hepatoma cells was determined using the MTT assay with or without fetal bovine serum. The rate of apoptosis in liver cancer cells treated with As2O3 was evaluated using flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 staining, and TUNEL assays. The rate of autophagy among liver cancer cells treated with As2O3 was detected using immunofluorescence, Western blot assay and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Upon treatment with As2O3, the viability of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells was decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The apoptosis rates of both liver cancer cell lines increased with the concentration of As2O3, as shown by flow cytometry. Apoptosis in liver cancer cells treated with As2O3 was also shown by the activation of the caspase cascade and the regulation of Bcl-2/Bax expression. Furthermore, As2O3 treatment induced autophagy in liver cancer cells; this finding was supported by Western blot, immunofluorescence of LC3-II and beclin 1, and transmission electron microscopy. In liver cancer cells, As2O3 inhibited the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signal pathway that plays a vital role in both apoptosis and autophagy. The PI3K activator SC-79 partially reversed As2O3-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine partially reversed the negative effects of As2O3 on cell viability. Serum starvation increased autophagy and amplified the effect of As2O3 on cell death. CONCLUSION As2O3 induces apoptosis and autophagy in liver cancer cells. Autophagy induced by As2O3 may have a proapoptotic effect that helps to reduce the viability of liver cancer cells. This study provides novel insights into the effects of As2O3 against liver cancer. Please cite this article as: Deng ZT, Liang SF, Huang GK, Wang YQ, Tu XY, Zhang YN, Li S, Liu T, Cheng BB. Autophagy plays a pro-apoptotic role in arsenic trioxide-induced cell death of liver cancer. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(3): 295-302.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ting Deng
- Department of Respiration, Taizhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China; Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Febrile Diseases, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu-Fang Liang
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Kai Huang
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-Qian Wang
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tu
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ya-Ni Zhang
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Febrile Diseases, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bin-Bin Cheng
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Korotkov SM. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Is the General Reason for Apoptosis Induced by Different-Valence Heavy Metals in Cells and Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14459. [PMID: 37833908 PMCID: PMC10572412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes the causes and consequences of apoptosis resulting from oxidative stress that occurs in mitochondria and cells exposed to the toxic effects of different-valence heavy metals (Ag+, Tl+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, As3+, Sb3+, Cr6+, and U6+). The problems of the relationship between the integration of these toxic metals into molecular mechanisms with the subsequent development of pathophysiological processes and the appearance of diseases caused by the accumulation of these metals in the body are also addressed in this review. Such apoptosis is characterized by a reduction in cell viability, the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and Bcl-2), and the activation of protein kinases (ERK, JNK, p53, and p38) by mitogens. Moreover, the oxidative stress manifests as the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, mitochondrial swelling, an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome c release, a decline in the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmito), a decrease in ATP synthesis, and reduced glutathione and oxygen consumption as well as cytoplasm and matrix calcium overload due to Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The apoptosis and respiratory dysfunction induced by these metals are discussed regarding their interaction with cellular and mitochondrial thiol groups and Fe2+ metabolism disturbance. Similarities and differences in the toxic effects of Tl+ from those of other heavy metals under review are discussed. Similarities may be due to the increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration induced by Tl+ and these metals. One difference discussed is the failure to decrease Tl+ toxicity through metallothionein-dependent mechanisms. Another difference could be the decrease in reduced glutathione in the matrix due to the reversible oxidation of Tl+ to Tl3+ near the centers of ROS generation in the respiratory chain. The latter may explain why thallium toxicity to humans turned out to be higher than the toxicity of mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Korotkov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez pr. 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
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3
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Chang J, Yan S, Geng Z, Wang Z. The interaction between Hsp90-mediated unfolded protein response and autophagy contributes to As 3+/ Se 4+ combination-induced apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 467:116511. [PMID: 37031722 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy plays either pro-survival or pro-apoptotic roles in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Our previous study has shown that the combination therapy of arsenite (As3+) and selenite (Se4+) induces apoptosis in APL NB4 cells, although the mechanisms are not clear. Here, we demonstrate that the interaction between heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)-mediated UPR and autophagy is the core module for As3+/Se4+ combination-induced apoptosis. Hsp90 overexpression and knockdown assays indicate that Hsp90 inhibition by PERK modulates two branches of the UPR, leading to the activation of ATF4 and CHOP, causing the degradation of IRE1α and the dephosphorylation of eIF2α, thereby contributing to switching the cytoprotective UPR into an apoptotic pathway. Assays using pretreatment with inducers and inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and autophagy reveal that autophagy is stimulated by ERS but suppressed by As3+/Se4+ combination via the mTOR signaling pathway. However, inhibition of autophagy decreases GRP78 expression and eIF2α phosphorylation, thereby further promoting ERS-induced apoptosis. Moreover, As3+/Se4+ combination blocks hepatic infiltration in an APL-NCG mouse model of extramedullary infiltration. Taken together, these findings provide novel agents and therapeutic approaches for APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shihai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhirong Geng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China..
| | - Zhilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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4
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Carbó JM, Cornet-Masana JM, Cuesta-Casanovas L, Delgado-Martínez J, Banús-Mulet A, Clément-Demange L, Serra C, Catena J, Llebaria A, Esteve J, Risueño RM. A Novel Family of Lysosomotropic Tetracyclic Compounds for Treating Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061912. [PMID: 36980800 PMCID: PMC10047683 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematological cancer characterized by poor prognosis and frequent relapses. Aside from specific mutation-related changes, in AML, the overall function of lysosomes and mitochondria is drastically altered to fulfill the elevated biomass and bioenergetic demands. On the basis of previous results, in silico drug discovery screening was used to identify a new family of lysosome-/mitochondria-targeting compounds. These novel tetracyclic hits, with a cationic amphiphilic structure, specifically eradicate leukemic cells by inducing both mitochondrial damage and apoptosis, and simultaneous lysosomal membrane leakiness. Lysosomal leakiness does not only elicit canonical lysosome-dependent cell death, but also activates the terminal differentiation of AML cells through the Ca2+-TFEB-MYC signaling axis. In addition to being an effective monotherapy, its combination with the chemotherapeutic arsenic trioxide (ATO) used in other types of leukemia is highly synergistic in AML cells, widening the therapeutic window of the treatment. Moreover, the compounds are effective in a wide panel of cancer cell lines and possess adequate pharmacological properties rendering them promising drug candidates for the treatment of AML and other neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Carbó
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Leukos Biotech, 08021 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Cuesta-Casanovas
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Delgado-Martínez
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carme Serra
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- SIMChem, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juanlo Catena
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- SIMChem, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Esteve
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth M Risueño
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
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Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Reduces the Target-Binding Amount of Cisplatin to Mitochondrial DNA and Renal Injury through SIRT3. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113093. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is the dose-limiting factor of cisplatin treatment. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) has been reported to ameliorate renal ischemia–reperfusion injury. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanisms of MgIG against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity from the perspective of cellular pharmacokinetics. We found that cisplatin predominantly accumulated in mitochondria of renal tubular epithelial cells, and the amount of binding with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was more than twice that with nuclear DNA (nDNA). MgIG significantly lowered the accumulation of cisplatin in mitochondria and, in particular, the degree of target-binding to mtDNA. MgIG notably ameliorated cisplatin-induced changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, morphology, function, and cell viability, while the magnesium donor drugs failed to work. In a mouse model, MgIG significantly alleviated cisplatin-caused renal dysfunction, pathological changes of renal tubules, mitochondrial ultrastructure variations, and disturbed energy metabolism. Both in vitro and in vivo data showed that MgIG recovered the reduction of NAD+-related substances and NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) level caused by cisplatin. Furthermore, SIRT3 knockdown weakened the protective effect of MgIG on mitochondria, while SIRT3 agonist protected HK-2 cells from cisplatin and specifically reduced platinum-binding activity with mtDNA. In conclusion, MgIG reduces the target-binding amount of platinum to mtDNA and exerts a protective effect on cisplatin-induced renal injury through SIRT3, which may provide a new strategy for the treatment of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Devi S, Kim JJ, Singh AP, Kumar S, Dubey AK, Singh SK, Singh RS, Kumar V. Proteotoxicity: A Fatal Consequence of Environmental Pollutants-Induced Impairments in Protein Clearance Machinery. J Pers Med 2021; 11:69. [PMID: 33503824 PMCID: PMC7912547 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A tightly regulated protein quality control (PQC) system maintains a healthy balance between correctly folded and misfolded protein species. This PQC system work with the help of a complex network comprised of molecular chaperones and proteostasis. Any intruder, especially environmental pollutants, disrupt the PQC network and lead to PQCs disruption, thus generating damaged and infectious protein. These misfolded/unfolded proteins are linked to several diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and cataracts. Numerous studies on proteins misfolding and disruption of PQCs by environmental pollutants highlight the necessity of detailed knowledge. This review represents the PQCs network and environmental pollutants' impact on the PQC network, especially through the protein clearance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Devi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, India;
| | - Jong-Joo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea;
| | - Anand Prakash Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1913, USA;
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | | | | | - Ravi Shankar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Room 4D40, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea;
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7
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Liang C, Feng Z, Manthari RK, Wang C, Han Y, Fu W, Wang J, Zhang J. Arsenic induces dysfunctional autophagy via dual regulation of mTOR pathway and Beclin1-Vps34/PI3K complex in MLTC-1 cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122227. [PMID: 32044640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning and induced potential lesion is a global concern. However, the exact mechanisms underlying its toxicity especially in male reproductive system still remain unclear. Hence, this study aimed to explore the roles of mTOR and Beclin1-Vps34/PI3K complex during As-induced-toxicity using Rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor), Beclin1 siRNA and 3-methyladenine (3-MA, Vps34/PI3K inhibitor) in testicular stromal cells. For this, mouse testis Leydig Tumor Cell lines (MLTC-1) were challenged with As2O3 (0, 3, 6 and 9 μM) exposure for 24 hs. Lyso-Tracker Red and Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining results depicted a significant accumulation of autophagosomes in MLTC-1 cells exposed to arsenic. Meanwhile, arsenic treatment up-regulated autophagic markers including LC3, Atg7, Beclin1 and Vps34 expressions, mTOR downstream autophagy related genes and the Beclin1-Vps34/PI3K complex associated members. Furthermore, silencing of Beclin1, and inhibition of Vps34/PI3K and mTOR altered the arsenic-induced autophagosomes formation. However, p62, the substrate protein of autophagy, was also up-regulated by arsenic administration independent on Beclin1-Vps34/PI3K complex. Altogether, our results revealed that arsenic exposure induced autophagosomes formation via regulation of the Beclin1-Vps34/PI3K complex and mTOR pathway; the blockage of autophagosomes degradation maybe due to impaired function of lysosomes. Thus, this study provides a novel mechanistic approach with respect to As-induced male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Feng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Wang
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiang Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Jundong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
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Ommati MM, Manthari RK, Tikka C, Niu R, Sun Z, Sabouri S, Zamiri MJ, Ahmadi HN, Ghaffari H, Heidari R, Wang J. Arsenic-induced autophagic alterations and mitochondrial impairments in HPG-S axis of mature male mice offspring (F1-generation): A persistent toxicity study. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:83-98. [PMID: 32112876 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) has been implicated in causing reproductive toxicity, but the precise cellular pathway through which the As toxicity in mature F1- male mice hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal- sperm (HPG-S) axis is induced has not well been documented. Hence, parental mice were treated to As2O3 (0, 0.2, 2, and 20 ppm in deionized water) from five weeks before mating until weaning, and the male pups from weaning to maturity. Afterward, the markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and autophagy as fundamental mechanisms of cytotoxicity and organ injury were evaluated. Higher As2O3 doses (2 and 20 ppm) were a potent inducer of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy in HPG-S axis. Concomitant with a dose-dependent increase in the number of MDC-labeled autophagic vacuoles in the HPG axis, an adverse dose-dependent effect was observed on the mean body weight, litter size, organ coefficient, and spermatogenesis. Transmission electron microscopy also revealed more autophagosomes at high As2O3 dosage. Concomitant with a dose-dependent increment in gene expression of PI3K, Atg5, Atg12, as well as protein expression of Beclin1, LC3- I, II, P62 in HPG axis tissues and Atg12 in the pituitary; a dose-dependent decrease in mTOR gene expression was recorded in the HPG tissues of mature F1-males. These observations provide direct evidence that oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial impairments and autophagic cell death, through AMPK/TSC/mTOR and LC3 related pathways, are fundamental mechanisms for As2O3- induced toxicity on the reproductive system in mature male mice offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Chiranjeevi Tikka
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Zilong Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Samira Sabouri
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasan Nategh Ahmadi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, 71345, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Ghaffari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 158371345, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
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Moosavi MA, Djavaheri-Mergny M. Autophagy: New Insights into Mechanisms of Action and Resistance of Treatment in Acute Promyelocytic leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3559. [PMID: 31330838 PMCID: PMC6678259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is one of the main cellular catabolic pathways controlling a variety of physiological processes, including those involved in self-renewal, differentiation and death. While acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells manifest low levels of expression of autophagy genes associated with reduced autophagy activity, the introduction of all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA)-a differentiating agent currently used in clinical settings-restores autophagy in these cells. ATRA-induced autophagy is involved in granulocytes differentiation through a mechanism that involves among others the degradation of the PML-RARα oncoprotein. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is another anti-cancer agent that promotes autophagy-dependent clearance of promyelocytic leukemia retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (PML-RARα) in APL cells. Hence, enhancing autophagy may have therapeutic benefits in maturation-resistant APL cells. However, the role of autophagy in response to APL therapy is not so simple, because some autophagy proteins have been shown to play a pro-survival role upon ATRA and ATO treatment, and both agents can activate ETosis, a type of cell death mediated by the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (ETs). This review highlights recent findings on the impact of autophagy on the mechanisms of action of ATRA and ATO in APL cells. We also discuss the potential role of autophagy in the development of resistance to treatment, and of differentiation syndrome in APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 14965/161, Iran
| | - Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75006, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France.
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10
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Fan J, Chen W, Luan J, Nan Y, Wang S, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Ju D. Activating Autophagy Enhanced the Antitumor Effect of Antibody Drug Conjugates Rituximab-Monomethyl Auristatin E. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1799. [PMID: 30123222 PMCID: PMC6085421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody drug conjugate (ADC) showed potent therapeutic efficacy in several types of cancers. The role of autophagy in antitumor effects of ADC remains unclear. Methods In this study, the ADC, Rituximab-monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) with a Valine–Citrulline cleavable linker, was designed to investigate its therapeutic efficacy against non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) as well as the underlying mechanisms. Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used to detect growth inhibition in B-cell lymphoma cell lines, Ramos and Daudi cells, which were treated by Rituximab-MMAE alone or combined with autophagy conditioner. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis inhibitor was employed to discover the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis during the Rituximab-MMAE treatment. Autophagy was determined by three standard techniques which included confocal microscope, transmission electron microscope, and western blots. Ramos xenograft tumors in BALB/c nude mice were established to investigate the antitumor effect of combination use of Rituximab-MMAE and autophagy conditioner in B-NHL therapy. Results Our results showed that Rituximab-MMAE elicited caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in NHL cells and exhibited potent therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Autophagy, which was characterized by upregulated light chain 3-II expression, and accumulation of autophagosomes, was triggered during the Rituximab-MMAE treatment. Meanwhile, inactivation of Akt/mTOR pathway was shown to be involved in the autophagy triggered by Rituximab-MMAE, indicating a probable mechanism of the ADC-initiated autophagy. Importantly, inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine suppressed the Rituximab-MMAE-induced apoptosis, while activating autophagy by rapamycin significantly enhanced the therapeutic effect of Rituximab-MMAE both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Our data elucidated the critical relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in Rituximab-MMAE-based therapy and highlighted the potential approach for NHL therapy by combined administration of the ADC and autophagy activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wang
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyang Nan
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaofei Wang
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qicheng Chen
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Zhejiang Teruisi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youling Wu
- Zhejiang Teruisi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Yang G, Wang N, Seto SW, Chang D, Liang H. Hydroxysafflor yellow a protects brain microvascular endothelial cells against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury: Involvement of inhibiting autophagy via class I PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:243-257. [PMID: 29775658 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to test whether Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) protects the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) injury induced by oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR autophagy signaling pathway. Primary rat BMECs were cultured and identified by the expression of factor VIII-related antigen before being exposed to OGD/R to imitate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in vitro. The protective effect of HSYA was evaluated by assessing (1) cellular morphologic and ultrastructural changes; (2) cell viability and cytotoxicity; (3) transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of monolayer BMECs; (4) cell apoptosis; (5) fluorescence intensity of LC3B; (6) LC3 mRNA expression; (7) protein expressions of LC3, Beclin-1, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), phospho-Akt (p-Akt), Akt, phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR) and mTOR. It was found that HSYA (20, 40, and 80 μM) and 3-MA effectively reversed the cellular morphological and ultrastructural changes, increased cell survival, normalized the permeability of BMECs, and suppressed apoptosis induced by OGD/R (2 h OGD followed by 24 h reoxygenation). Concurrently, HSYA and 3-MA also inhibited OGD/R-induced autophagy evidenced by the decreased number of autophagosomes and down-regulated levels of LC3 and Beclin-1 proteins and mRNAs. HSYA (80 μM), in combination with 3-MA showed a synergistic effect. Mechanistic studies revealed that HSYA (80 μM) markedly increased the levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR proteins. Blockade of PI3K activity by ZSTK474 abolished its anti-autophagic and pro-survival effect and lowered both Akt and mTOR phosphorylation levels. Taken together, these results suggest that HSYA protects BMECs against OGD/R-induced injury by inhibiting autophagy via the Class I PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230012, China; National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Sai Wang Seto
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Huangzheng Liang
- School of Medical, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Trabelsi F, Khlifi R, Goux D, Guillamin M, Hamza-Chaffai A, Sichel F. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects of arsenic trioxide on SQ20B human laryngeal carcinoma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:349-358. [PMID: 28262482 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the cytotoxicity and the genotoxicity induced by arsenic trioxide As2O3in human laryngeal SQ20B carcinoma cell line. SQ20B cells were exposed to graded concentrations of arsenic trioxide (2 and 5μM) for 48h. Comet assay and γ-H2AX foci formation were used for measuring DNA damages, flow cytometry was used to identify cell cycle alterations and apoptosis, while cell morphology was visualized using transmission electron microscopy. The results show a dose-dependent induction of DNA damages and double strand breaks, alterations in cell cycle and morphologic alterations of cells. These results prove that As2O3 is highly cytotoxic and genotoxic at the micromolar range ina human laryngeal carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Trabelsi
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, UR 09-03, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Rim Khlifi
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, UR 09-03, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Didier Goux
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CMABio, SFR ICORE, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Marilyne Guillamin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CMABio, SFR ICORE, 14000 Caen, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Amel Hamza-Chaffai
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, UR 09-03, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - François Sichel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, France; Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, BP5026, F-14076 Caen Cedex-05, France
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13
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Sahni S, Bae DH, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. The mechanistic role of chemically diverse metal ions in the induction of autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:118-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Nagappan A, Lee WS, Yun JW, Lu JN, Chang SH, Jeong JH, Kim GS, Jung JM, Hong SC. Tetraarsenic hexoxide induces G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy via PI3K/Akt suppression and p38 MAPK activation in SW620 human colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174591. [PMID: 28355296 PMCID: PMC5371332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraarsenic hexoxide (As4O6) has been used in Korean folk medicines for the treatment of cancer, however its anti-cancer mechanisms remain obscured. Here, this study investigated the anti-cancer effect of As4O6 on SW620 human colon cancer cells. As4O6 has showed a dose-dependent inhibition of SW620 cells proliferation. As4O6 significantly increased the sub-G1 and G2/M phase population, and Annexin V-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner. G2/M arrest was concomitant with augment of p21 and reduction in cyclin B1, cell division cycle 2 (cdc 2) expressions. Nuclear condensation, cleaved nuclei and poly (adenosine diphosphate‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation were also observed in As4O6-treated SW620 cells. As4O6 induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) but not reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Further, As4O6 increased death receptor 5 (DR5), not DR4 and suppressed the B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl-2) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) family proteins. As4O6 increased the formation of AVOs (lysosomes and autophagolysosomes) and promoted the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II in a dose- and time- dependent manner. Interestingly, a specific phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor (LY294002) augmented the As4O6 induced cell death; whereas p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) inhibitor (SB203580) abrogated the cell death. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence that As4O6 induced G2/M arrest, apoptosis and autophagic cell death through PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK pathways alteration in SW620 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulkumar Nagappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Jeong Won Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| | - Jing Nan Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Chang
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Jeong
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
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15
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Taurine protects against As2O3-induced autophagy in livers of rat offsprings through PPARγ pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27733. [PMID: 27291853 PMCID: PMC4904213 DOI: 10.1038/srep27733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposures to arsenic had been associated with metabolism diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was found in the liver, regulated metabolism. Here, we found that the expression of PPARγ was decreased, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy were increased after treatment with As2O3 in offsprings’ livers. Taurine (Tau), a sulfur-containing β–amino acid could reverse As2O3-inhibited PPARγ. Tau also inhibit the generation of ROS and autophagy. We also found that As2O3 caused autophagic cell death and ROS accelerated in HepG2 cells. Before incubation with As2O3, the cells were pretreated with PPARγ activator Rosiglitazone (RGS), we found that autophagy and ROS was inhibited in HepG2 cells, suggesting that inhibition of PPARγ contributed to As2O3-induced autophagy and the generation of ROS. After pretreatment with Tau, the level of PPARγ was improved and the autophagy and ROS was inhibited in As2O3-treated cells, suggesting that Tau could protect hepatocytes against As2O3 through modulating PPARγ pathway.
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16
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Time-Dependent Changes in Apoptosis Upon Autophagy Inhibition in Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:223-234. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Fan J, Zeng X, Li Y, Wang S, Yang P, Cao Z, Wang Z, Song P, Mei X, Ju D. A novel therapeutic approach against B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma through co-inhibition of Hedgehog signaling pathway and autophagy. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7305-14. [PMID: 26666826 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world, with half of the patients dying due to the resistance or tolerance against the treatment. Thus, a novel therapeutic approach for B-NHL treatment was urgently needed. In this study, we investigated the potential of co-inhibition of Hedgehog signaling pathway (Hh) and autophagy in B-NHL therapy. We reported that vismodegib, an inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling pathway, could block the Hh pathway and induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in B-NHL Raji cells. During this process, autophagy was activated as a response to Hh inhibition. Importantly, inhibition of autophagy potentiated the cytotoxicity and caspase 3-dependent apoptosis induced by vismodegib in B-NHL cells. Furthermore, clearance of ROS generation caused a decreased activity of autophagy and attenuated cytotoxicity in vismodegib-treated cells, while inhibition of autophagy accelerated the formation of ROS, indicating that ROS was required for vismodegib-induced autophagy and cytotoxicity in B-NHL cells. Our results demonstrated that co-inhibition of Hh pathway and autophagy could potently kill B-NHL cells and highlighted a novel approach for B-NHL therapy by co-inhibition of Hh pathway and cytoprotective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Fan
- Department of Biosynthesis & Key Lab of Smart Drug Delivery MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biosynthesis & Key Lab of Smart Drug Delivery MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Biosynthesis & Key Lab of Smart Drug Delivery MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shaofei Wang
- Department of Biosynthesis & Key Lab of Smart Drug Delivery MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Biosynthesis & Key Lab of Smart Drug Delivery MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Biosynthesis & Key Lab of Smart Drug Delivery MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaobin Mei
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biosynthesis & Key Lab of Smart Drug Delivery MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmishtha Chatterjee
- Environmental Toxicology
Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Shuvasree Sarkar
- Environmental Toxicology
Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Shelley Bhattacharya
- Environmental Toxicology
Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
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19
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Qi Y, Li H, Zhang M, Zhang T, Frank J, Chen G. Autophagy in arsenic carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:163-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Palmeira dos Santos C, Pereira GJS, Barbosa CMV, Jurkiewicz A, Smaili SS, Bincoletto C. Comparative study of autophagy inhibition by 3MA and CQ on Cytarabine‑induced death of leukaemia cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:909-20. [PMID: 24659340 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the molecular mechanisms of Cytarabine,one of the most important drugs used in the leukaemia’s treatment, are only partially understood and the role of autophagy on leukaemia development and treatment is only recently being investigated, in this study, by using Chloroquine (CQ) and 3-methyladenine (3MA) as autophagy inhibitors, we aim to evaluate the contribution of an autophagic mechanism to Cytarabine (AraC)-induced death of HL60 leukaemia cells. METHODS Trypan blue exclusion and AnnexinV/PI assays were used to evaluate HL60 cell death under AraC treatment in the presence or absence of 3MA and CQ. Western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments were performed to show the involvement of apoptosis and autophagy protein expressions. Phenotypic characterization of HL60-treated cells was performed by using immunophenotyping. Clonogenic assays were applied to analyse clonal function of HL60-treated cells. RESULTS We observed that although autophagy inhibition by 3MA, but not CQ, increased the death of HL60 AraC cells after 24 h of treatment, no significant differences between AraC and AraC + 3MA-treated groups were observed by using clonogenic assay. In addition, increased number of immature (CD34(+)/CD38(−)Lin(−/low)) HL60 cells was found in AraC and AraC-3MA groups when compared with control untreated cells. CONCLUSIONS Although AraC anti-leukaemia effects could be potentiated by 3MA autophagy inhibition after 24 h of exposure, leukaemia cell resistance, the main causes of treatment failure, is also promoted by autophagy initial stage impairment by 3MA, denoting the complex role of autophagy in leukaemia cells’ response to chemotherapy.
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21
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Perfluorooctane sulfonate blocked autophagy flux and induced lysosome membrane permeabilization in HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 67:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Bincoletto C, Bechara A, Pereira GJS, Santos CP, Antunes F, Peixoto da-Silva J, Muler M, Gigli RD, Monteforte PT, Hirata H, Jurkiewicz A, Smaili SS. Interplay between apoptosis and autophagy, a challenging puzzle: new perspectives on antitumor chemotherapies. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:279-88. [PMID: 24121004 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a mechanism of protection against various forms of human diseases, such as cancer, in which autophagy seems to have an extremely complex role. In cancer, there is evidence that autophagy may be oncogenic in some contexts, whereas in others it clearly contributes to tumor suppression. In addition, studies have demonstrated the existence of a complex relationship between autophagy and cell death, determining whether a cell will live or die in response to anticancer therapies. Nevertheless, we still need to complete the autophagy-apoptosis puzzle in the tumor context to better address appropriate chemotherapy protocols with autophagy modulators. Generally, tumor cell resistance to anticancer induced-apoptosis can be overcome by autophagy inhibition. However, when an extensive autophagic stimulus is activated, autophagic cell death is observed. In this review, we discuss some details of autophagy and its relationship with tumor progression or suppression, as well as role of autophagy-apoptosis in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bincoletto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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23
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In Vitro Antiproliferative Effect of Arthrocnemum indicum Extracts on Caco-2 Cancer Cells through Cell Cycle Control and Related Phenol LC-TOF-MS Identification. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:529375. [PMID: 24348703 PMCID: PMC3856152 DOI: 10.1155/2013/529375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determinate phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of the halophyte Arthrocnemum indicum shoot extracts. Moreover, the anticancer effect of this plant on human colon cancer cells and the likely underlying mechanisms were also investigated, and the major phenols were identified by LC-ESI-TOF-MS. Results showed that shoot extracts had an antiproliferative effect of about 55% as compared to the control and were characterised by substantial total polyphenol content (19 mg GAE/g DW) and high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 40 μ g/mL for DPPH test). DAPI staining revealed that these extracts decrease DNA synthesis and reduce the proliferation of Caco-2 cells which were stopped at the G2/M phase. The changes in the cell-cycle-associated proteins (cyclin B1, p38, Erk1/2, Chk1, and Chk2) correlate with the changes in cell cycle distribution. Eight phenolic compounds were also identified. In conclusion, A. indicum showed interesting antioxidant capacities associated with a significant antiproliferative effect explained by a cell cycle blocking at the G2/M phase. Taken together, these data suggest that A. indicum could be a promising candidate species as a source of anticancer molecules.
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Cui G, Wang Y, Yu S, Yang L, Li B, Wang W, Zhou P, Wu J, Lu T, Chen D. The Expression Changes of Vacuolar Protein Sorting 4B (VPS4B) Following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) in Adult Rats Brain Hippocampus. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 34:83-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Fan J, Zeng X, Li Y, Wang S, Wang Z, Sun Y, Gao H, Zhang G, Feng M, Ju D. Autophagy plays a critical role in ChLym-1-induced cytotoxicity of non-hodgkin's lymphoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72478. [PMID: 24015249 PMCID: PMC3756084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical mechanism in both cancer therapy resistance and tumor suppression. Monoclonal antibodies have been documented to kill tumor cells via apoptosis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). In this study, we report for the first time that chLym-1, a chimeric anti-human HLA-DR monoclonal antibody, induces autophagy in Raji Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) cells. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors (3-methyladenine and NH4Cl) or genetic approaches (siRNA targeting Atg5) suppresses chLym-1-induced growth inhibition, apoptosis, ADCC and CDC in Raji cells, while induction of autophagy could accelerate cytotoxic effects of chLym-1 on Raji cells. Furthermore, chLym-1-induced autophagy can mediate apoptosis through Caspase 9 activation, demonstrating the tumor-suppressing role of autophagy in antilymphoma effects of chLym-1. Moreover, chLym-1 can activate several upstream signaling pathways of autophagy including Akt/mTOR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2). These results elucidate the critical role of autophagy in cytotoxicity of chLym-1 antibody and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy of NHL therapy by monoclonal antibody chLym-1 in combination with autophagy inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Fan
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaofei Wang
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian Gao
- School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (DJ); (MF)
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (DJ); (MF)
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Xu Y, Wang N, Ding Y, Wang C, Yu Y, Liu S, Wang X, Li Z. Ammonium chloride enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity through DNA double-strand breaks in human cervical cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1195-200. [PMID: 23783842 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II, CDDP) acts as a therapeutic agent by initiating cellular apoptosis. However, side-effects and drug resistance limit the clinical use of cisplatin. Numerous studies have focused on the drug-target interactions, cellular pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin. Newly developed treatment strategies are needed in order to be used in combination with cisplatin, with the aim to minimize toxicity and to circumvent cisplatin resistance. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is widely used in various areas, but its use as a combination agent with cisplatin for the treatment of cancer cells has not been previously reported. In the present study, we showed that NH4Cl could be potentially used as an effective agent in cisplatin combination treatment of HeLa human cervical cancer (HCC) cells. Cisplatin was found to inhibit cell growth, as well as to induce cell apoptosis and DNA double-strand breaks. In addition, treatment with NH4Cl increased the rate of cell apoptosis and the activation of caspase-3. Particularly, we found that NH4Cl treatment increased cisplatin‑induced phosphorylation of H2AX. In conclusion, our data indicate that NH4Cl enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity through increased DNA damage in HeLa HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- Medical Research Laboratory, Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
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Li H, Zhong J, Huang M, Li Z, Rao P. Antitumour effects of pentapeptide derived from donkey serum albumin both in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci 2013; 92:883-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nowak R, Tarasiuk J. Retaining cytotoxic activity of anthrapyridone CO1 against multidrug resistant cells is related to the ability to induce concomitantly apoptosis and lysosomal death of leukaemia HL60/VINC and HL60/DOX cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:855-67. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The effect of anthrapyridone compound CO1 retaining cytotoxic activity against multidrug resistant (MDR) tumour cells on inducing cell death of the sensitive leukaemia HL60 cell line and its MDR sublines (HL60/VINC and HL60/DOX) was examined.
Methods
The effects of CO1 and the reference compound doxorubicin (DOX) on examined cells were analysed by studying their cytotoxicity, drug intracellular accumulation, cell cycle distribution, caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity, Fas expression and lysosomal integrity.
Key findings
CO1 was much less effective at influencing the cell cycle of examined cells than DOX a well-known antitumour drug targeting cellular DNA and causing G2/M checkpoint arrest. CO1 caused much less pronounced appearance of the sub-G1 population and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, characteristic of apoptosis, compared with DOX. Significantly lower caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity was also observed in the response of these cells to CO1 compared with DOX treatment. CO1 did not change the expression of the Fas death receptor, characteristic of apoptotic pathways, on the surface of studied cells. Interestingly, the results showed that CO1 caused lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP) of the cells, whereas DOX did not perturb the lysosomal integrity of the studied cells.
Conclusions
The results suggest that CO1 could induce LMP-mediated cell death as a main lethal effect in a caspase-independent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Li JL, Han SL, Fan X. Modulating autophagy: a strategy for cancer therapy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2013; 30:655-68. [PMID: 21959043 PMCID: PMC4012266 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process in which long-lived proteins, damaged cell organelles, and other cellular particles are sequestered and degraded. This process is important for maintaining the cellular microenvironment when the cell is under stress. Many studies have shown that autophagy plays a complex role in human diseases, especially in cancer, where it is known to have paradoxical effects. Namely, autophagy provides the energy for metabolism and tumor growth and leads to cell death that promotes tumor suppression. The link between autophagy and cancer is also evident in that some of the genes that regulate Carcinogenesis, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, participate in or impact the autophagy process. Therefore, modulating autophagy will be a valuable topic for cancer therapy. Many studies have shown that autophagy can inhibit the tumor growth when autophagy modulators are combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. These findings suggest that autophagy may be a potent target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Lin Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou City, Yongzhou, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Tu YJ, Fan X, Yang X, Zhang C, Liang HP. Evodiamine activates autophagy as a cytoprotective response in murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:481-90. [PMID: 23135406 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-defense mechanism that provides nutrition and energy for cell survival by recycling the cytoplasm and organelles. Hence, chemotherapy is rendered less effective against cancer cells. Evodiamine is a previously described biological agent that possesses a cytotoxic activity in multiple cancer cells. However, little is known about evodiamine-induced autophagy in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. In this study, LLC cells and a xenograft model were used. By use of a panel of techniques such as MTT assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, immunocytochemistry and TUNEL assay, the effects on the induction of apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated. We demonstrated that evodiamine inhibited LLC cell growth and induced apoptosis through caspase-independent manner in vitro and caspase-dependent pathway in vivo. In addition, we showed for the first time that evodiamine promoted autophagosome formation by enhancing the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II and upregulating the expression of autophagy-specific genes (Atgs). Moreover, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, attenuated evodiamine-induced autophagy through decreasing the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. The inhibition of autophagy was found to increase cell death and enhance evodiamine-induced apoptosis in vitro in a caspase-independent manner and in vivo in a caspase-dependent manner. In conclusion, evodiamine promoted autophagy in LLC cells and autophagy inhibition enhanced evodiamine-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that evodiamine-induced autophagy plays a cytoprotective role in LLC cells and evodiamine combined with autophagy inhibitor therapy could increase the chemosensitivity of LLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
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Heavy metals and metalloids as autophagy inducing agents: focus on cadmium and arsenic. Cells 2012; 1:597-616. [PMID: 24710492 PMCID: PMC3901116 DOI: 10.3390/cells1030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on the autophagic process has greatly increased, invading the fields of biology and medicine. Several markers of the autophagic process have been discovered and various strategies have been reported studying this molecular process in different biological systems in both physiological and stress conditions. Furthermore, mechanisms of metalloid- or heavy metal-induced toxicity continue to be of interest given the ubiquitous nature and distribution of these contaminants in the environment where they often play the role of pollutants of numerous organisms. The aim of this review is a critical analysis and correlation of knowledge of autophagic mechanisms studied under stress for the most common arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) compounds. In this review we report data obtained in different experimental models for each compound, highlighting similarities and/or differences in the activation of autophagic processes. A more detailed discussion will concern the activation of autophagy in Cd-exposed sea urchin embryo since it is a suitable model system that is very sensitive to environmental stress, and Cd is one of the most studied heavy metal inductors of stress and modulator of different factors such as: protein kinase and phosphatase, caspases, mitochondria, heat shock proteins, metallothioneins, transcription factors, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Cui D, Wang L, Qi A, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Jiang W. Propofol prevents autophagic cell death following oxygen and glucose deprivation in PC12 cells and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35324. [PMID: 22509406 PMCID: PMC3324553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Propofol exerts protective effects on neuronal cells, in part through the inhibition of programmed cell death. Autophagic cell death is a type of programmed cell death that plays elusive roles in controlling neuronal damage and metabolic homeostasis. We therefore studied whether propofol could attenuate the formation of autophagosomes, and if so, whether the inhibition of autophagic cell death mediates the neuroprotective effects observed with propofol. Methodology/Principal Findings The cell model was established by depriving the cells of oxygen and glucose (OGD) for 6 hours, and the rat model of ischemia was introduced by a transient two-vessel occlusion for 10 minutes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in both neuronal PC12 cells and pyramidal rat hippocampal neurons after respective OGD and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insults. A western blot analysis revealed that the autophagy-related proteins, such as microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-II), Beclin-1 and class III PI3K, were also increased accordingly, but cytoprotective Bcl-2 protein was decreased. The negative effects of OGD and I/R, including the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, the increase in LC3-II, Beclin-1 and class III PI3K expression and the decline in Bcl-2 production were all inhibited by propofol and specific inhibitors of autophagy, such as 3-methyladenine (3-MA), LY294002 and Bafilomycin A1 (Baf),. Furthermore, in vitro OGD cultures and in vivo I/R rats showed an increase in cell survival following the administration of propofol, as assessed by an MTT assay or histochemical analyses. Conclusions/Significance Our data suggest that propofol can markedly attenuate autophagic processes via the decreased expression of autophagy-related proteins in vitro and in vivo. This inhibition improves cell survival, which provides a novel explanation for the pleiotropic effects of propofol that benefit the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Qi
- Department of Postgraduate School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quanhong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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33
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Jiang Q, Li F, Shi K, Yang Y, Xu C. Sodium selenite-induced activation of DAPK promotes autophagy in human leukemia HL60 cells. BMB Rep 2012; 45:194-9. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.3.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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34
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Role of autophagy in the progression and suppression of leukemias. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 81:275-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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As2O3 oxidation by vitamin C: cell culture studies. Biometals 2011; 25:103-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Huang HC, Syu KY, Lin JK. Chemical composition of Solanum nigrum linn extract and induction of autophagy by leaf water extract and its major flavonoids in AU565 breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8699-8708. [PMID: 20681660 DOI: 10.1021/jf101003v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solanum nigrum Linn (SN) belongs to the Solanaceae family, is a plant growing widely in south Asia, and has been used in traditional folk medicine. It is believed to have antipyretic, diuretic, anticancer, and hepatoprotective effects. During the summertime, this plant has been heavily used to supplement beverages to quench thirst on hot days in Taiwan and several southern Asian countries. In this study, the polyphenols and anthocyanidin in various parts of the SN plant were analyzed by HPLC. The leaves were found to be richer in polyphenols than stem and fruit. SN leaves contained the highest concentration of gentisic acid, luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol, and m-coumaric acid. However, the anthocyanidin existed only in the purple fruits. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the leaf, stem, or fruit extract was evaluated against cancer cell lines and normal cells. The results showed that AU565 breast cancer cells were more sensitive to the extract. Furthermore, the results demonstrated a significant cytotoxic effect of SN leaf extract on AU565 cells that was mediated via two different mechanisms depending on the exposure concentrations. A low dose of SN leaf extract induced autophagy but not apoptosis. Higher doses (>100 microg/mL) of SN leaf extract could inhibit the level of p-Akt and cause cell death due to the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. However, these findings indicate that SN leaf extract induced cell death in breast cells via two distinct antineoplastic activities, the abilities to induce apoptosis and autophagy, therefore suggesting that it may provide a useful remedy to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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37
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Tsolmon S, Han J, Isoda H. Inhibition of cell growth by Stellera chamaejasme extract is associated with induction of autophagy and differentiation in chronic leukemia K562 cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 110:262-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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38
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Canestraro M, Galimberti S, Savli H, Palumbo GA, Tibullo D, Nagy B, Guerrini F, Piaggi S, Cine N, Metelli MR, Petrini M. Synergistic antiproliferative effect of arsenic trioxide combined with bortezomib in HL60 cell line and primary blasts from patients affected by myeloproliferative disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 199:110-20. [PMID: 20471514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Both arsenic trioxide (ATO) and bortezomib show separate antileukemic activity. With the purpose of evaluating whether the combination of ATO and bortezomib would be an option for patients with acute leukemia, we incubated HL60 leukemic cells with ATO alone and in combination with bortezomib. ATO and bortezomib cooperated to induce cell death and to inhibit proliferation and apoptosis in a synergistic way. The combined treatment resulted in a stronger activation of caspase 8 and 9, moderate activation of caspase 3, and increased expression of Fas and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-DR5 receptors. When bortezomib was added, some proapoptotic genes (CARD9, TRAIL) were upregulated, and some antiapoptotic genes (BCL2, BCL3, FLICE) were downregulated. When coincubated, approximately 80% of cells showed altered mitochondrial membrane permeability. Moreover, ATO alone and in combination with bortezomib abrogated DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kappaB). Gene expression assays showed that more deregulated genes were related to proliferation of leukocytes, tumorigenesis, control of cell cycle, hypoxia and oxidative stress, cytokines, PI3K-AKT, ERK-MAPK, EGF pathways, and ubiquitination. Finally, in three cases of acute myeloid leukemia, the addition of bortezomib to ATO significantly increased cytotoxicity. We conclude that the combination of bortezomib and ATO may be efficacious in the treatment of myeloid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Canestraro
- Department of Oncology, Transplant and Advances in Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Pisa, Ospedale S. Chiara, Via Roma, 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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39
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Bolt AM, Byrd RM, Klimecki WT. Autophagy is the predominant process induced by arsenite in human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 244:366-73. [PMID: 20153345 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a widespread environmental toxicant with a diverse array of molecular targets and associated diseases, making the identification of the critical mechanisms and pathways of arsenic-induced cytotoxicity a challenge. In a variety of experimental models, over a range of arsenic exposure levels, apoptosis is a commonly identified arsenic-induced cytotoxic pathway. Human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) have been used as a model system in arsenic toxicology for many years, but the exact mechanism of arsenic-induced cytotoxicity in LCL is still unknown. We investigated the cytotoxicity of sodium arsenite in LCL 18564 using a set of complementary markers for cell death pathways. Markers indicative of apoptosis (phosphatidylserine externalization, PARP cleavage, and sensitivity to caspase inhibition) were uniformly negative in arsenite exposed cells. Interestingly, electron microscopy, acidic vesicle fluorescence, and expression of LC3 in LCL 18564 identified autophagy as an arsenite-induced process that was associated with cytotoxicity. Autophagy, a cellular programmed response that is associated with both cellular stress adaptation as well as cell death appears to be the predominant process in LCL cytotoxicity induced by arsenite. It is unclear, however, whether LCL autophagy is an effector mechanism of arsenite cytotoxicity or alternatively a cellular compensatory mechanism. The ability of arsenite to induce autophagy in lymphoblastoid cell lines introduces a potentially novel mechanistic explanation of the well-characterized in vitro and in vivo toxicity of arsenic to lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Bolt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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40
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Abstract
Autophagy is a physiological process that is activated not only in response to stress (e.g., degradation of damaged organelles or nutrient starvation) but also during carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Furthermore, a number of commonly used anticancer drugs activate the autophagic program, a response that, in most cases, suppresses the cytotoxic effects of the drugs, where in some other cases, autophagy promotes drug-induced cell death. Significant progress has been made on delineating the signaling cascades activated during autophagy. A number of known or candidate tumor-suppressor genes that are involved in autophagy have been shown to be activated or inactivated in various cancer types. These genetic perturbations do not only affect carcinogenesis but also the responses of the cancer cells to treatment. The current state-of-the-art with respect to the genes regulating autophagy and the importance of autophagy in the cytotoxic response of cancer treatments will be discussed in this review.
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41
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Jia YL, Li J, Qin ZH, Liang ZQ. Autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms of curcumin-induced death in K562 cells. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2009; 11:918-928. [PMID: 20183254 DOI: 10.1080/10286020903264077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (1), a natural polyphenolic compound, has shown strong antioxidant and anticancer activities. Several molecular mechanisms have been attributed to its inhibitory effects on a wide range of tumor cells. In this study, the response of the chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 cells to 1 is investigated. Curcumin inhibited the viability of K562 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, curcumin-induced cell death was associated with the formation of the apoptosome complex, the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase-3 activation. Curcumin treatment also induced Bid cleavage and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 protein. Surprisingly, even with these molecular features of apoptosis, we showed that 1 stimulated autophagy, which was evidenced by microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) immunoreactivty. Curcumin also increased the protein levels of beclin 1 and membrane form LC3 (LC3-II). Autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 and the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk suppressed curcumin-induced K562 cell death. Overall, these results suggest that curcumin induces autophagic and apoptotic death of K562 cells. These findings suggest that both apoptotic and autophagic mechanisms contribute to the curcumin-induced K562 cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
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42
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Charoensuk V, Gati WP, Weinfeld M, Le XC. Differential cytotoxic effects of arsenic compounds in human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 239:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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43
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Huang YC, Hung WC, Chen WT, Yu HS, Chai CY. Sodium arsenite-induced DAPK promoter hypermethylation and autophagy via ERK1/2 phosphorylation in human uroepithelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181:254-62. [PMID: 19577553 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic compounds or arsenicals are well-known toxic and carcinogenic agents. The toxic effects of arsenic that are of most concern to humans are those that occur from chronic, low-level exposure, and are associated with various human malignancies, including skin, lung and bladder cancers. In addition, arsenic could induce cell death, including apoptosis or autophagy in malignant cells. Previously, we have demonstrated that arsenite can induce autophagy and death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) promoter hypermethylation in the SV-40 immortalized human uroepithelial cell line (SV-HUC-1). However, the underlying mechanism of arsenite-induced autophagy is still unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that arsenite can activate the extracellular signaling-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway after treatment in SV-HUC-1 cells by using immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. In addition, our results also show an increase of autophagosomes was produced in arsenite-treated SV-HUC-1 cells by using electron microscopy. We found that, by incrementally increasing the dosages, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) and Beclin-1 are important regulators for the formation of autophagosomes, in a dose-dependent manner. When the cells were pretreated with inhibitors 5-aza-CdR or U0126 for 24h, the effect of arsenite on ERK1/2, LC3B, Beclin-1 and DAPK proteins expression is suppressed. Furthermore, our results support the notion that arsenite can induce the ERK1/2 signaling pathway to stimulate autophagy and DAPK promoter hypermethylation in human uroepithelial SV-HUC-1 cells. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the carcinogenesis of arsenite.
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Fei XF, Qin ZH, Xiang B, Li LY, Han F, Fukunaga K, Liang ZQ. Olomoucine inhibits cathepsin L nuclear translocation, activates autophagy and attenuates toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine. Brain Res 2009; 1264:85-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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45
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Choi SE, Lee SM, Lee YJ, Li LJ, Lee SJ, Lee JH, Kim Y, Jun HS, Lee KW, Kang Y. Protective role of autophagy in palmitate-induced INS-1 beta-cell death. Endocrinology 2009; 150:126-34. [PMID: 18772242 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a vacuolar degradative pathway, constitutes a stress adaptation that avoids cell death or elicits the alternative cell-death pathway. This study was undertaken to determine whether autophagy is activated in palmitate (PA)-treated beta-cells and, if activated, what the role of autophagy is in the PA-induced beta-cell death. The enhanced formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was observed by exposure of INS-1 beta-cells to 400 microm PA in the presence of 25 mm glucose for 12 h. The formation of green fluorescent protein-LC3-labeled structures (green fluorescent protein-LC3 dots), with the conversion from LC3-I to LC3-II, was also distinct in the PA-treated cells. The phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin level, a typical signal pathway that inhibits activation of autophagy, was gradually decreased by PA treatment. Blockage of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway by treatment with rapamycin augmented the formation of autophagosomes but reduced PA-induced INS-1 cell death. In contrast, reduction of autophagosome formation by knocking down the ATG5, inhibition of fusion between autophagosome and lysosome by treatment with bafilomycin A1, or inhibition of proteolytic degradation by treatment with E64d/pepstatin A, significantly augmented PA-induced INS-1 cell death. These findings showed that the autophagy system could be activated in PA-treated INS-1 beta-cells, and suggested that the induction of autophagy might play an adaptive and protective role in PA-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-E Choi
- Institute for Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Wonchon-dong san5, Yongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea
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