1
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Mostafa T, Abdel-Hamid I, Taymour M, Ali O. Genetic variants in varicocele-related male infertility: a systematic review and future directions. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:632-648. [PMID: 34587863 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1983214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic association studies (GAS) may have the capability to probe the genetic susceptibility alleles in many disorders. This systemic review aimed to assess whether an association exists between gene(s)/allelic variant(s), and varicocele-related male infertility (VRMI). This review included 19 GAS that investigated 26 genes in 1,826 men with varicocele compared to 2,070 healthy men, and 263 infertile men without varicocele. These studies focussed on candidate genes and relevant variants, with glutathione S-transferase gene being the most frequently studied (n = 5) followed by the nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) gene (n = 3) and the phosphoprotein tyrosine phosphatase 1 gene (n = 2). In one study the genes for NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, sperm protamine, human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, polymerase gamma, heat shock protein 90, mitochondrial DNA, superoxide dismutase 2, transition nuclear protein 1, and transition nuclear protein 2, were assessed. There is no clear indication that any of these polymorphisms are sturdily associated with VRMI. However, three studies established that the polymorphic genotype (GT + TT) for rs1799983 polymorphism of the NOS3 gene is more frequent in varicocele patients. Further endeavours such as standardising reporting, exploring complementary designs, and the use of GWAS technology are justified to help replicate these early findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymour Mostafa
- Andrology, Sexology & STIs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Abdel-Hamid
- Division of Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mai Taymour
- Dermatology & Andrology specialist, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Ali
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, 6th October University, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Kilicarslan N, Demir A, Yeni S, Cicek MC, Saricetin A, Dirican M. The danger of hyperoxia on the rat kidneys: is tadalafil a real shield? Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:241-247. [PMID: 36443608 PMCID: PMC9707269 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Continuous oxygen therapy to compensate for decreased oxygen saturation in the blood is a life-saving treatment used in case lung involvement. Excess oxygen delivery was reported to be a common situation, in which about 50% of the patients showed hyperoxemia and 4% in severe hyperoxemia. In this work, we investigated the effects of hyperoxia on the rat kidneys and whether tadalafil has an effect to reduce this damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of 8 male rats each weighing 300-350 g were formed. The groups were divided into the control group, hyperoxia group, and hyperoxia and tadalafil administered group for 10 days. At the end of the 10th day, blood and kidney samples were taken for biochemical analysis (SOD and NO levels) and histopathological examination. RESULTS While our findings showed that SOD levels were significantly different among the control and experimental groups and within the experimental groups, no statistical difference was found in terms of NO levels among the groups (Table 1). While the glomerular and tubular injury was higher in the Hyperoxia group and the Hyperoxia + Tadalafil group than in the control group (p < 0.001), as a result of the rate of severe glomerular and tubular injury in the hyperoxia group, was 62.5% and 43.8% and in the group given tadalafil was 43.8% and 31.3%, respectively (Table 2). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to hyperoxia condition causes renal glomerular and tubular damage, and tadalafil does not show a protective effect on this damage according to this study's dose and exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kilicarslan
- Anesthesia Department, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aslan Demir
- Urology Department, Medical Faculty, Dragos Hospital, Bezmialam Foundation University, Dragos Hastanesi, Sahil Yolu Sok. No: 16 Maltepe, 34844, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sezgin Yeni
- Urology Department, Medical Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Aysun Saricetin
- Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Melahat Dirican
- Biochemistry Department, Medical Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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3
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Yeni S, Demir A, Kilicarslan N, Cicek MC, Saricetin A, Dirican M, Ertan E. Tadalafil against hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress; an experimental study. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14494. [PMID: 35676072 DOI: 10.1111/and.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of tadalafil on reactive oxygen species induced by a hyperoxia model in rats, both in terms of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO), and its pathological effects on the corpus cavernosum. Overall, 24 rats were divided into three groups. The control group (eight rats) was not exposed to any intervention. The second group (eight rats), was exposed to hyperoxia in a hyperoxia cabinet for 8 h a day for 10 days. The third group (eight rats) was exposed to hyperoxia the same as in the second group, tadalafil at a dose of 10 mg/kg was given orally as a dissolved form in water in the amount of 10-12 ml/100 g/day to the rats placed in separate cages having removed from the hyperoxia cabin. SOD levels differ enough to create a difference, but there was no significant difference in terms of NO levels. The SOD level was highest in hyperoxia conditions and lowest in the group given tadalafil. While corpus cavernosum hyperemia was found to be higher statistically in the experimental groups than in the control group, we found that the severity of hyperemia was less in the group given tadalafil. The corpus cavernosum was found to be statistically more dilated in the experimental groups than in the control group. We determined that hyperoxia status increased the level of SOD and this level decreased with tadalafil administration, which would make a statistical difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezgin Yeni
- Medical Faculty, Urology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aslan Demir
- Medical Faculty, Urology Department, Bezmialem Vakıf University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nermin Kilicarslan
- Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Anesthesia Department, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Aysun Saricetin
- Veterinary Faculty, Pathology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Melahat Dirican
- Medical Faculy, Biochemistry Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Erol Ertan
- Medical Faculy, Anatomy Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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4
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Lai TCT, Roychoudhury S, Cho CL. Oxidative Stress and Varicocele-Associated Male Infertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:205-235. [PMID: 35641872 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite being regarded as one of the most common causes of male subfertility, the pathophysiology of varicocele remains largely unknown. Recently, oxidative stress (OS) is proposed to be the mediator in how varicocele may negatively impact fertility. The imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and seminal antioxidants results in damage to sperm DNA and lipid membrane. There is evidence demonstrating higher OS level in men with varicocele which is also positively correlated with clinical grading of varicocele. Moreover, a number of studies have revealed the negative correlation between OS and conventional semen parameters. Furthermore, various interventions have shown their potential in alleviating OS in men with varicocele-associated infertility. Although direct evidence on improving pregnancy rate is not available at the moment, varicocelectomy has demonstrated promising results in relieving OS. Oral antioxidants represent another option with a favourable safety profile. The supplement can be used alone or as adjunct to varicocelectomy. However, most of the studies are hampered by heterogenous dose regime and high-level evidence is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Chun-Ting Lai
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Chak-Lam Cho
- S. H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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5
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Xu YW, Ou NJ, Song YX, Wang XH, Kang JQ, Yang YJ, Chen YG, Liu XQ. Seminal plasma miR-210-3p induces spermatogenic cell apoptosis by activating caspase-3 in patients with varicocele. Asian J Androl 2021; 22:513-518. [PMID: 31670279 PMCID: PMC7523610 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_114_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of seminal plasma miR-210-3p in the impairment of semen quality caused by varicocele. This study included 102 patients whose semen quality was normal when they were diagnosed with varicocele. A 2-year follow-up for included patients was performed, and they were divided into Group A (semen quality became abnormal) and Group B (semen quality remained normal) according to the results of semen analysis during the follow-up. Semen parameters and seminal plasma miR-210-3p expression were investigated by semen analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. In vitro experiments with GC-2 cells were performed to explore the role of miR-210-3p in spermatogenic cells. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the level of seminal plasma miR-210-3p in Group A was higher than that in Group B both after 2-year follow-up and when they were diagnosed with varicocele (both P < 0.01). Apoptosis and proliferation assays showed that miR-210-3p induces apoptosis of spermatogenic cells by promoting caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, our study indicated that seminal plasma miR-210-3p induces spermatogenic cell apoptosis by activating caspase-3 in patients with varicocele. Seminal plasma miR-210-3p may be a potential biomarker for predicting impaired semen quality caused by varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Xu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ning-Jing Ou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Song
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xian-Hao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jia-Qi Kang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yong-Jiao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Ye-Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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6
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Tsampoukas G, Gkeka K, Dellis A, Brown D, Katsouri A, Alneshawy A, Moussa M, Papatsoris A, Buchholz N. Vitamins as primary or adjunctive treatment in infertile men with varicocele: A systematic review. Arab J Urol 2021; 19:264-273. [PMID: 34552778 PMCID: PMC8451598 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2021.1932124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the usage and the efficacy of vitamins as primary or adjuvant treatment in infertile men with varicocele. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Cochrane Library with the terms (varicocele) AND (vitamins) was performed. We searched for studies: a) reporting the administration of vitamins (individually or as part of a complex) in men with varicocele and infertility, b) primarily or adjuvant to invasive treatment, and c) reporting the impact on semen parameters and/or pregnancy rates. Exclusion criteria were animal, adolescent and non-English studies, grey literature and trials reporting abstracts only. RESULTS Seven studies were identified eligible for qualitative analysis. All studies were randomised except one (case series). Vitamins were administered dominantly as part of antioxidant complex and only two studies used vitamins (C and E, respectively) as sole agent. In two studies, vitamin monotherapy resulted in improvement in semen quality, but the effect on pregnancy rates is unknown. One study reported no efficacy of adjuvant multivitamin treatment after embolisation in terms of both semen quality and pregnancy rates. Finally, four studies reported a positive effect of vitamins on semen parameters after varicocelectomy, but the effect on pregnancy rates is conflicting; one study reported improved pregnancy rates with adjuvant treatment, two studies did not evaluate the pregnancy rates, and in one study the outcome was unclear due to missing data. CONCLUSIONS Vitamins have been used mostly as part of an antioxidant panel for the management of infertile men with varicocele. Most studies have found a positive impact on semen parameters in selected men with varicocele and infertility, as primary or adjuvant treatment. However, the clinical benefit of vitamins administration on pregnancy rate is under-evaluated and should be the target of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsampoukas
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for Emerging Countries), London, UK
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, UK
| | - Kristiana Gkeka
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasios Dellis
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for Emerging Countries), London, UK
- Department of Urology, Aretaieion Academic Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dominic Brown
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, UK
| | | | - Ahmed Alneshawy
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for Emerging Countries), London, UK
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, UK
| | - Mohamad Moussa
- Al Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athanasios Papatsoris
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for Emerging Countries), London, UK
- Second Department of Urology, University Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Noor Buchholz
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for Emerging Countries), London, UK
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7
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Razi M, Tavalaee M, Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei F, Moazamian A, Gharagozloo P, Drevet JR, Nasr-Eshafani MH. Varicocoele and oxidative stress: New perspectives from animal and human studies. Andrology 2020; 9:546-558. [PMID: 33145958 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocoele (VCL), one of the main causes of male subfertility, negatively affects testicular function. Due to limited access to human testicular tissue, animal model studies have been used to evaluate molecular and, recently, epigenetic changes attributed to pathophysiology induced by VCL. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide an update on the latest findings regarding the link between VCL-induced biochemical stress and molecular changes in germ cells and spermatozoa. Endocrine and antioxidant status, testicular chaperone-specific hemostasis failure, altered testicular ion balance, metabolic disorders, and altered carbon cycling during spermatogenesis are among the many features that will be presented. DISCUSSION Literature review coupled with our own findings suggests that ionic imbalance, hypoxia, hyperthermia, and altered blood flow could lead to severe chronic oxidative and nitrosative stress in patients with VCL leading to defective spermatogenesis and impairment of the integrity of all sperm cell components and compartments down to the epigenetic information they carry. CONCLUSION Since oxidative stress is an important feature of the reproductive pathology of VCL, therapeutic strategies such as the administration of appropriate antioxidants could be undertaken as a complementary non-invasive treatment line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farshid Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | | | - Joël R Drevet
- Faculty of Medicine, GReD Institute, INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Nasr-Eshafani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Tanaka T, Kobori Y, Terai K, Inoue Y, Osaka A, Yoshikawa N, Shimomura Y, Suzuki K, Minami T, Iwahata T, Onota S, Yamamoto A, Sugimoto K, Okada H. Seminal oxidation-reduction potential and sperm DNA fragmentation index increase among infertile men with varicocele. HUM FERTIL 2020; 25:142-146. [PMID: 31955637 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2020.1712747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Varicocele is a common cause of male infertility. It is reported that low sperm concentration, motility and morphology are indicative of increased sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in men with varicocele. Although research has been conducted into the relationship between varicocele and DFI, little is known about seminal oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in varicocele patients. We assessed the relationship between varicocele with seminal ORP and sperm DFI in both fertile and infertile men. This prospective case-control study compared the findings from infertile men with varicocele to those of men with normal spermatogenesis without varicocele. Semen samples were collected and assessed using the WHO (2010) guidelines. ORP was measured (mV) and normalized to sperm concentration (mV/106 sperm/mL). DFI was measured using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) method. For group comparisons, only samples with a concentration >1 × 106 sperm/mL were included. Infertile men with varicocele had significantly lower mean sperm concentration, motility and total sperm count. Conversely, infertile men with varicocele had a significantly higher mean serum FSH level, and higher ORP and DFI values than fertile controls. ORP was higher in patients with varicocele and positively correlated with DFI (p < 0.01). ORP and DFI showed significant negative correlations with semen parameters (sperm concentration, motility and total sperm count) in infertile men with a varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Kobori
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Terai
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Inoue
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Osaka
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Yukihito Shimomura
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Minami
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Iwahata
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Shin Onota
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Kouhei Sugimoto
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
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Mostafa T, Nabil N, Rashed L, Abo-Sief AF, Eissa HH. Seminal SIRT1-oxidative stress relationship in infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men with varicocele after its surgical repair. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13456. [PMID: 31696601 DOI: 10.1111/and.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work assessed seminal SIRT1-oxidative stress (OS) relationship in infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) men after varicocele repair. Overall, thirty OAT men with varicocele were investigated. Inclusion criteria were infertile males (males who were unable to initiate a pregnancy within 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse), confirmed OAT and normal female factor. These cases were subjected to history taking, clinical checkup and semen analysis. In their semen, seminal SIRT1, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were assessed. These men were subjected to varicocele surgical repair and were followed up for 3 months. Post-operatively, the mean seminal SIRT1, GPx levels showed significant increases and the mean MDA level showed significant decrease compared to the pre-operative levels linked to improved sperm parameters. The mean seminal SIRT1, GPx, MDA levels showed more significant improvement in grade III varicocele cases compared to grade II cases after surgical repair. Seminal SIRT1 levels showed significant positive correlations with sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm normal morphology, seminal GPx levels and a significant negative correlation with seminal MDA levels. It could be concluded that seminal SIRT1 is significantly decreased in infertile OAT men with varicocele after its surgical repair linked to improved sperm parameters as well as seminal OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymour Mostafa
- Andrology, Sexology & STIs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nashaat Nabil
- Andrology, Sexology & STIs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Abo-Sief
- Andrology, Sexology & STIs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hadier H Eissa
- Andrology, Sexology & STIs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Coban S, Ustundag Y, Turkoglu AR, Guzelsoy M, Aydos MM, Keles I, Akgun U, Balik AR, Erel O. Thiol–disulphide balance in infertility secondary to varicocele. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13300. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soner Coban
- Department of Urology, Bursa YuksekIhtisas Education and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Bursa Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ustundag
- Department of ClinicalBiochemistry, Bursa YuksekIhtisas Education and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Bursa Turkey
| | - Ali Riza Turkoglu
- Department of Urology, Bursa YuksekIhtisas Education and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Bursa Turkey
| | - Muhammet Guzelsoy
- Department of Urology, Bursa YuksekIhtisas Education and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Bursa Turkey
| | - Mustafa Murat Aydos
- Department of Urology, Bursa YuksekIhtisas Education and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Bursa Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Keles
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine Afyon Kocatepe University Afyonkarahisar Turkey
| | - Ugur Akgun
- Department of Urology, Bursa YuksekIhtisas Education and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Bursa Turkey
| | - Ahmet Rifat Balik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine Yildirim Beyazit University Ankara Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine Yildirim Beyazit University Ankara Turkey
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11
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Xu Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Liu X, Chen Y. Seminal plasma miR‐210‐3p is a biomarker for screening dyszoospermia caused by varicocele. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13244. [PMID: 30714182 DOI: 10.1111/and.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Xu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yongjiao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Yegang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
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12
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Malivindi R, Rago V, De Rose D, Gervasi MC, Cione E, Russo G, Santoro M, Aquila S. Influence of all‐
trans
retinoic acid on sperm metabolism and oxidative stress: Its involvement in the physiopathology of varicocele‐associated male infertility. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9526-9537. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition University of Calabria Cosenza Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition University of Calabria Cosenza Italy
| | - Daniela De Rose
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition University of Calabria Cosenza Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza Italy
| | | | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition University of Calabria Cosenza Italy
| | - Giampiero Russo
- Consultorio Familiare UNICAL, ASP—National Health Service, Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Marta Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition University of Calabria Cosenza Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza Italy
| | - Saveria Aquila
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition University of Calabria Cosenza Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza Italy
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Gul M, Bugday MS, Erel O. Thiol-disulphide homoeostasis as an oxidative stress marker in men with varicocele. Andrologia 2018; 50:e12982. [PMID: 29411889 DOI: 10.1111/and.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the most common factor leading to infertility in men with varicocele. Reactive oxygen species and other markers of oxidative stress are measured to predict the extent of oxidative stress. Thiol groups are important antioxidants and essential molecules protecting organism against the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species. Thiol-disulphide homoeostasis is a unique, easy and new method to demonstrate oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine thiol-disulphide homoeostasis as an oxidative stress marker in infertile men with varicocele. The hormonal profile and parameters of thiol-disulphide homoeostasis were studied in 46 infertile men with varicocele, 70 fertile men with varicocele and 37 fertile controls. Infertile men with varicocele had significantly higher disulphide concentrations and disulphide/native thiol, disulphide/total thiol and native/total thiol ratios than those of fertile men with varicocele and fertile controls. According to these results, the blood plasma of patients with varicocele contains excessive oxidative stress, even in men with normospermia, and therefore, thiol-disulphide homoeostasis may be useful as an oxidative stress marker in men with varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gul
- Department of Urology, Van Training and Research Hospital, University of Ministry of Health, Van, Turkey
| | - M S Bugday
- Department of Urology, Van Training and Research Hospital, University of Ministry of Health, Van, Turkey
| | - O Erel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Ischemic optic neuropathy as a model of neurodegenerative disorder: A review of pathogenic mechanism of axonal degeneration and the role of neuroprotection. J Neurol Sci 2016; 375:430-441. [PMID: 28320183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optic neuropathy is a neurodegenerative disease which involves optic nerve injury. It is caused by acute or intermittent insults leading to visual dysfunction. There are number of factors, responsible for optic neuropathy, and the optic nerve axon is affected in all type which causes the loss of retinal ganglion cells. In this review we will highlight various mechanisms involved in the cell loss cascades during axonal degeneration as well as ischemic optic neuropathy. These mechanisms include oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation and apoptosis following retinal ischemia. We will also discuss the effect of neuroprotective agents in attenuation of the negative effect of factors involve in the disease occurrence and progression.
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Altintas R, Ediz C, Celik H, Camtosun A, Tasdemir C, Tanbek K, Tekin S, Colak C, Alan C. The effect of varicocoelectomy on the relationship of oxidative stress in peripheral and internal spermatic vein with semen parameters. Andrology 2016; 4:442-6. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Altintas
- Department of Urology; Inonu University School of Medicine; Malatya Turkey
| | - C. Ediz
- Department of Urology; Inonu University School of Medicine; Malatya Turkey
| | - H. Celik
- Department of Urology; Inonu University School of Medicine; Malatya Turkey
| | - A. Camtosun
- Department of Urology; Inonu University School of Medicine; Malatya Turkey
| | - C. Tasdemir
- Department of Urology; Inonu University School of Medicine; Malatya Turkey
| | - K. Tanbek
- Department of Physiology; Inonu University School of Pharmacy; Malatya Turkey
| | - S. Tekin
- Department of Physiology; Inonu University School of Pharmacy; Malatya Turkey
| | - C. Colak
- Department of Biostatistic; Inonu University School of Pharmacy; Malatya Turkey
| | - C. Alan
- Department of Urology; Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine; Canakkale Turkey
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Celik H, Camtosun A, Altintas R. The Importance of Peripheral and Local Blood Analysis for Evaluation of Nitric Oxide and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Before and After Varicocelectomy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016. [PMID: 26219248 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mostafa T, Rashed L, Taymour M. Seminal cyclooxygenase relationship with oxidative stress in infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men with varicocele. Andrologia 2016; 48:137-42. [PMID: 25906828 DOI: 10.1111/and.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the relation of seminal cyclooxygenase COX-1, COX-2 with oxidative stress in infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) men with varicocele (Vx). In all, 128 men were allocated into fertile men, fertile men with Vx, infertile OAT men without Vx and infertile OAT men with Vx. They were subjected to history taking, clinical examination and semen analysis. Also, seminal COX-1, COX-2, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated. Mean levels of seminal COX-1, COX-2 were over-expressed, the mean level of seminal MDA was significantly increased, and the mean level of seminal GPx was significantly decreased in infertile OAT men with Vx compared with other groups. Seminal COX-1 and COX-2 were over-expressed in cases with Vx grade III compared with Vx grades I, II cases and in cases with bilateral Vx compared with unilateral Vx. There was significant negative correlation between seminal COX-1 and COX-2 with sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm normal morphology, seminal GPx and significant positive correlation with seminal MDA. It is concluded that seminal COX-1 and COX-2 are over-expressed in infertile OAT men with Vx compared with fertile men with/without and infertile OAT men without Vx being associated with oxidative stress, Vx grade and Vx laterality.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mostafa
- Andrology and Sexology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - L Rashed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Taymour
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Egypt Air Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Chen L, Qi Y, Yang X. Neuroprotective Effects of Crocin against Oxidative Stress Induced by Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Retina. Ophthalmic Res 2015; 54:157-68. [DOI: 10.1159/000439026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wu QF, Tang KF, Sun JH, Xing JP. Glutathione S-transferase T1: a potential marker for the selection of varicocelectomy in infertile male patients with varicocele. Asian J Androl 2015; 17:859-60. [PMID: 25677140 PMCID: PMC4577607 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.149179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun-Ping Xing
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Mostafa T, Rashed LA, Osman I, Marawan M. Seminal plasma oxytocin and oxidative stress levels in infertile men with varicocele. Andrologia 2014; 47:209-13. [PMID: 24635706 DOI: 10.1111/and.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess seminal plasma oxytocin (OT) and oxidative stress (OS) levels in infertile men with varicocele (Vx). A total of 131 men were divided into fertile men (n = 20), fertile men with Vx (n = 17), infertile men without Vx (n = 40) and infertile men with Vx (n = 54). OT, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated in seminal plasma. Mean levels of seminal OT, MDA were significantly decreased, and the mean level of GPx was significantly increased in fertile men with/without Vx compared with infertile men with/without Vx. Mean levels of OT, MDA were increased, and mean level of GPx was significantly decreased in Vx grade III cases compared with Vx grades I, II cases and in bilateral Vx cases compared with unilateral Vx. There was significant negative correlation between seminal OT with sperm count, sperm motility, seminal GPx and significant positive correlation with sperm abnormal forms, seminal MDA. It is concluded that seminal OT is significantly decreased in fertile men with/without Vx compared with infertile men with/without Vx. Seminal OT demonstrated significant negative correlation with sperm count, sperm motility, seminal GPx and significant positive correlation with sperm abnormal forms, seminal MDA. Seminal OT is associated with Vx grade and its bilaterality.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mostafa
- Department of Andrology and Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Mostafa T, Rashed LA, Zeidan AS, Hosni A. Glutathione-S-transferase-oxidative stress relationship in the internal spermatic vein blood of infertile men with varicocele. Andrologia 2014; 47:47-51. [PMID: 24472021 DOI: 10.1111/and.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme- oxidative stress (OS) relationship in the internal spermatic vein (ISV) of infertile men associated with varicocele (Vx). Ninety five infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospemic (OAT) men associated with Vx were subjected to history taking, clinical examination and semen analysis. During inguinal varicocelectomy, GST, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated in the blood samples drawn from ISV and median cubital veins. The mean levels of GST, GPx were significantly decreased and the mean level of GPx was significantly increased in the ISV compared with the peripheral blood. The mean level of GST and GPx in the ISV was significantly decreased, and the mean level of MDA was significantly increased in Vx grade III compared with Vx grade II cases. There was nonsignificant difference in the mean level of GST in the ISV in unilateral Vx cases compared with bilateral Vx cases. There was significant positive correlation of GST with sperm count, sperm motility, GPx and significant negative correlation with sperm abnormal forms, MDA. It is concluded that ISV of infertile men associated with Vx has decreased levels of GST compared with peripheral venous circulation that is correlated with both OS and Vx grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mostafa
- Department of Andrology and Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tawadrous GA, Aziz AA, Mostafa T. Seminal soluble fas relationship with oxidative stress in infertile men with varicocele. Urology 2013; 82:820-3. [PMID: 23910090 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess seminal plasma soluble Fas (sFas) relationship with oxidative stress and varicocele (Vx) grade in infertile men. METHODS In all, 230 men were prospectively investigated: fertile men without Vx, fertile men with Vx, infertile men without Vx, and infertile men with Vx. In their semen, seminal oxidant (malondialdehyde [MDA]), antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione peroxidase [GPx], catalase [CAT], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]), and seminal sFas were assessed. RESULTS Either fertile or infertile men with Vx demonstrated significantly higher seminal oxidants (MDA) and significantly lower seminal antioxidants (SOD, GPx, CAT, and ascorbic acid), sFas compared with fertile or infertile men without Vx. Infertile men with or without Vx had significantly higher seminal MDA and significantly lower seminal antioxidants, sFas compared with fertile men with or without Vx. Men with Vx grade III had significantly higher seminal MDA and significantly lower antioxidants, sFas compared with Vx grade II and I, respectively. Seminal sFas demonstrated significant positive correlation with sperm count, sperm motility, sperm normal forms, seminal ascorbic acid, SOD, GPx, and CAT and significant negative correlation with seminal MDA. CONCLUSION Down regulation of seminal sFas in Vx associated men is related to increased oxidative stress and is correlated with Vx grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamil A Tawadrous
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zalata AA, Mokhtar N, Badawy AEN, Othman G, Alghobary M, Mostafa T. Androgen receptor expression relationship with semen variables in infertile men with varicocele. J Urol 2012. [PMID: 23201383 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Androgen receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, has important roles in male reproductive function. It is required for sexual differentiation, pubertal development, spermatogenesis regulation, meiosis completion and spermatocyte transition to haploid round spermatids. We assessed the association of androgen receptor expression and semen variables in infertile men with varicocele. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 299 men were grouped into healthy, fertile controls, infertile men without varicocele and men with infertility associated with varicocele. A history was obtained, clinical examination and semen analysis were done and reproductive hormones were estimated. Androgen receptor expression and the acrosome reaction were determined in recovered spermatozoa. RESULTS Androgen receptor expression was significantly decreased in infertile men with varicocele more than in infertile men without varicocele compared to fertile controls. Androgen receptor correlated positively with sperm count, motility, normal forms, velocity, linear velocity, acrosome reaction and α-glucosidase. It correlated negatively with serum follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol. Multiple stepwise regression analysis of androgen receptor expression revealed that the sperm acrosome reaction and linearity index were the most affected independent variables. CONCLUSIONS Androgen receptor expression was significantly decreased in infertile men with varicocele more than in infertile men without varicocele compared to fertile men. Androgen receptor expression correlated positively with sperm count, motility, normal forms, velocity, linear velocity and acrosome reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Zalata
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Hamada A, Esteves SC, Agarwal A. Insight into oxidative stress in varicocele-associated male infertility: part 2. Nat Rev Urol 2012; 10:26-37. [PMID: 23165400 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Varicocele, the leading cause of male infertility, can impair spermatogenesis through several pathophysiological mechanisms. Of these, current evidence suggests that oxidative stress is the central element contributing to infertility in men with varicocele, to which the testis responds by way of heat stress, ischaemia or production of vasodilators, such as nitric oxide. Surgical varicocele repair (varicocelectomy) is beneficial not only for alleviating oxidative stress-associated infertility, but also for preventing and protecting against the progressive character of varicocele and its consequent upregulations of systemic oxidative stress. However, antioxidant therapy in infertile men with surgically treated and those with untreated varicocele is poorly studied, and well-designed trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Hamada
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Meng FJ, Hou ZW, Li Y, Yang Y, Yu B. The protective effect of picroside II against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1226-1232. [PMID: 22880952 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.664555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Picroside II, an iridoid glucoside found in the root of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell (Scrophulariaceae), has been demonstrated to possess potent antioxidant activity. However, whether picroside II has a protective effect against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte injury is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To explore the cardioprotective role of picroside II against oxidative stress induced by H/R injury in neonatal rat cardiacmyocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The viability and cellular damage of cardiomyocytes were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolim bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by a colorimetric method. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS We analyzed the effective half-maximal concentration for protection from the dose-response curves and obtained the concentration of 50 µg/mL as EC(50). Pretreated cardiomyocytes with picroside II (50-200 µg/mL), prior to H/R exposure, inhibited LDH activity in culture media and increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. This protective effect was accompanied by significantly increasing reduced GSH contents and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and attenuating MDA and GSSG contents in response to H/R injury. Furthermore, treatment with picroside II also inhibited ROS production and calcium accumulation in cardiomyocytes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that picroside II protects cardiomyocytes against oxidative-stress injury induced by H/R through reduction of ROS production and calcium accumulation and enhancement of the activity of antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Ji Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.
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El-Kamshoushi AM, Zohdy NI, Abou Khedr NA, Nabhan SA, Mostafa T. Ultrastructure of the seminiferous tubules in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men associated with varicocele. Andrologia 2012; 45:319-25. [PMID: 22934719 DOI: 10.1111/and.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is associated with venous reflux that may cause increased heat and interstitial pressure within the testes, with variable pathological effects on spermatogenesis. This study aimed to study the ultrastructural testicular changes in the seminiferous tubules of 20 infertile severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) men associated with varicocele and five patients with obstructive azoospermia without varicocele as controls. They were subjected to testicular biopsy which was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally, the seminiferous epithelium in the testicular biopsies of infertile severe OAT men associated with varicocele was variably affected in the form of thickening of the peritubular connective tissue, vacuolation of Sertoli cell and germ cell cytoplasm, presence of degenerated and apoptotic cells among the germinal epithelium, altered spermatids and abnormal spermatozoa. It is concluded that varicocele in severe OAT men is associated with ultrastructural changes in the seminiferous tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M El-Kamshoushi
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Singh R, Hamada AJ, Bukavina L, Agarwal A. Physical deformities relevant to male infertility. Nat Rev Urol 2012; 9:156-74. [DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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El-Haggar S, Nassef S, Gadalla A, Latif A, Mostafa T. Ultrasonographic parameters of the spermatic veins at the inguinal and scrotal levels in varicocele diagnosis and post-operative repair. Andrologia 2011; 44:210-3. [PMID: 22175528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Varicocele has been identified as an important cause of male infertility where its influence on men's reproductive capacity is due to its markedly diverse effects on the testicles. This study aimed to assess the value of ultrasonographic parameters of the spermatic veins at the inguinal and scrotal levels in varicocele diagnosis and post-operative evaluation. Forty-five infertile men associated with varicocele and 15 fertile men were subjected to history taking, genital examination and semen analysis. In addition, inguinal and scrotal ultrasonography was carried out pre-varicocelectomy and 3 months post-varicocelectomy. At both the scrotal or inguinal levels, the mean spermatic vein diameter demonstrated significant post-operative decrease compared with the pre-operative resting condition and on Valsalva' manoeuvre. The mean diameters of the pampiniform plexus of veins also demonstrated significant decreases post-operatively compared with the pre-operative resting condition or on Valsalva' manoeuvre. It is concluded that colour Doppler ultrasound is a reliable and noninvasive method that is useful not only for diagnosis but also for post-varicocele repair follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S El-Haggar
- Department of Andrology and Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Altunoluk B, Efe E, Kurutas EB, Gul AB, Atalay F, Eren M. Elevation of both reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes in vein tissue of infertile men with varicocele. Urol Int 2011; 88:102-6. [PMID: 22086312 DOI: 10.1159/000332156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in internal spermatic vein tissue of men with varicocele and a control group with inguinal hernia. Also to compare the levels of oxidants and antioxidants in infertile and fertile men with varicocele. PATIENTS AND METHODS 48 varicocele patients and 12 non-varicocele inguinal hernia patients participated in this study. The varicocele group was again divided into two groups--fertile men with varicocele and infertile men with varicocele. Internal spermatic vein tissue samples were obtained. The level of the malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of oxidative stress, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (defense systems) against oxidative stress such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were estimated in these tissue samples. RESULTS The mean level of MDA in the varicocele group was significantly higher than in the hernia group, whereas the levels of antioxidants (SOD and CAT) were significantly lower in the varicocele group than in the hernia group. When compared with the subgroups of the varicocele group, the MDA levels and SOD and CAT activities were significantly higher in the infertile varicocele group than in the fertile varicocele group. CONCLUSIONS Antioxidant enzyme levels generally decrease due to a high consumption in varicocele patients. On the contrary, in our study both MDA and antioxidant enzymes increased in the internal spermatic venous wall of infertile varicocele patients. This situation may be explained by an adaptation against oxidative stress in varicocele, which could be defined as a chronic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Altunoluk
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. drbulenta @ yahoo.com
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Sperm caspase-9 in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men with and without varicocele. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:1097-9. [PMID: 21868008 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess sperm caspase-9 activity in infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) men with and without varicocele. DESIGN Prospective. SETTING Academic setting. PATIENT(S) Eighty men: healthy fertile control subjects (n = 20), OAT (n = 25), and OAT associated with left-side varicocele (n = 35). INTERVENTION(S) History taking, clinical examination, semen analysis,assessment of seminal caspase-9. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Semen analysis, sperm caspase-9. RESULT(S) Sperm caspase-9 was significantly increased in infertile OAT men associated with varicocele compared with OAT men without varicocele and healthy fertile control subjects. Sperm casapse-9 activity demonstrated significant negative correlation with sperm count, sperm motility, sperm velocity, sperm linear velocity, sperm linearity index, and sperm normal morphology. CONCLUSION(S) Sperm caspase-9 is exaggerated in infertile OAT cases with varicocele compared with infertile OAT cases without varicocele or healthy fertile men. Sperm caspase-9 demonstrated significant negative correlation with semen variables.
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Mostafa T, Anis T, El Nashar A, Imam H, Osman I. Seminal plasma reactive oxygen species-antioxidants relationship with varicocele grade. Andrologia 2011; 44:66-9. [PMID: 21651600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2010.01111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to assess seminal plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS)-antioxidants relationship with varicocele grade in infertile men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). The study included 89 infertile OAT men with varicocele divided into grade I (n = 22) and grade II (n = 43), grade III (n = 24) and compared with 20 healthy fertile controls. In their seminal plasma, two ROS parameters (malondialdehyde [MDA], hydrogen peroxide [H(2) O(2) ]) and four antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [Cat], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], vit.C) were estimated. There was significant increase in seminal MDA, H(2) O(2) and significant decrease in seminal SOD, Cat, GPx, vit.C in varicocele-associated OAT cases when compared with the controls. Compared with grade I cases, varicocele cases with grades II, III demonstrated significant increase in estimated seminal MDA, H(2) O(2) and significant decrease in seminal SOD, Cat, GPx, vit.C. It is concluded that seminal oxidative stress (OS) is related to increased varicocele grade in infertile OAT men associated with varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mostafa
- Andrology and Sexology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Kilciler G, Sancaktutar AA, Avcı A, Kilciler M, Kaya E, Dayanc M. Chronic constipation: Facilitator factor for development of varicocele. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2641-5. [PMID: 21677833 PMCID: PMC3110927 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i21.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the possible relationship between varicocele and chronic constipation.
METHODS: Between April 2009 and May 2010, a total of 135 patients with varicocele or constipation and 120 healthy controls were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups. In both groups detailed medical history was taken and all patients were examined physically by the same urologist and gastroenterologist. All of them were evaluated by color Doppler ultrasonography. All patients with constipation, except for the healthy controls of the second group, underwent a colonoscopy to identify the etiology of the constipation. In the first group, we determined the rate of chronic constipation in patients with varicocele and in the second group, the rate of varicocele in patients with chronic constipation. In both groups, the rate of the disease was compared with age-matched healthy controls. In the second group, the results of colonoscopies in the patients with chronic constipations were also evaluated.
RESULTS: In the first group, mean age of the study and control groups were 22.9 ± 4.47 and 21.8 ± 7.21 years, respectively (P < 0.05). In the second group, mean age of the study and control groups were 52.8 ± 33.3 and 51.7 ± 54.3 years, respectively (P < 0.05). In the first group, chronic constipation was observed in 8 of the 69 patients with varicocele (11.6%) and 3 out of 60 in healthy controls (5%), respectively. In this regard, there was no statistical significance between varicocele patients and the healthy control (P = 0.37). In the second group, varicocele was observed in 16 of the 66 patients with chronic constipation (24.24%) and 12 out of 60 in healthy controls (20%) respectively. Similarly, there was no statistical significance between chronic constipation and healthy controls (P = 0.72). Internal/external hemorrhoids were detected in 4 of the 16 patients with chronic constipation and varicocele, in the second group. In the remaining 50 patients with chronic constipation 9 had internal/external hemorrhoids. In this regard, there was no statistical significance between chronic constipation and healthy controls (P = 0.80).
CONCLUSION: Chronic constipation may not be a major predictive factor for the development of varicocele, but it may be a facilitator factor for varicocele.
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Ghazi S, Abdelfattah H. Effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy on sperm DNA fragmentation in infertile men. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abdel Aziz MT, Mostafa T, Atta H, Kamal O, Kamel M, Hosni H, Rashed L, Sabry D, Waheed F. Heme oxygenase enzyme activity in seminal plasma of oligoasthenoteratozoospermic males with varicocele. Andrologia 2010; 42:236-41. [PMID: 20629646 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to assess seminal plasma heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme activity in oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) males with varicocele. Ninety-three men were divided according to their sperm count and clinical examination into: healthy fertile controls (n = 34), OAT without varicocele (n = 37) and OAT associated with varicocele (n = 22). They were subjected to semen analysis and estimation of seminal plasma HO enzyme activity in the form of bilirubin concentration. Seminal plasma HO enzyme activity decreased significantly in OAT cases compared with controls. Seminal plasma HO in OAT cases associated with varicocele decreased significantly compared with OAT cases without varicocele and healthy controls (mean +/- SD; 109.2 +/- 29.5, 283.6 +/- 88.4, 669.5 +/- 236.1 nMol bilirubin/mg ptn/min, P < 0.001). There was positive correlation between seminal plasma HO enzyme activity and sperm concentration, per cent of motile spermatozoa, number of motile spermatozoas ml(-1) and significant negative correlation with sperm abnormal forms per cent. It is concluded that varicocele has a negative impact on seminal HO enzyme activity. Therefore, improved seminal picture after correcting varicocele repair might be related, in part, to improved HO action(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Abdel Aziz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Increased levels of oxidants and reduced antioxidants in semen of infertile men with varicocele. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:1531-1534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rodriguez Peña M, Alescio L, Russell A, Lourenco da Cunha J, Alzu G, Bardoneschi E. Predictors of improved seminal parameters and fertility after varicocele repair in young adults. Andrologia 2009; 41:277-81. [PMID: 19737275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine hormonal or biochemical markers in patients with clinically palpable left varicocele but without a history of infertility, with especial emphasis on nitric oxide, related with improved seminal parameters after varicocelectomy. Semen samples were obtained from 202 patients with left varicocele grade II or III. Nitric oxide levels in seminal plasma were determined by the Griess technique. Testicular volume was determined ultrasonographically in both testes and hormonal profile was measured. The post-operative sperm concentration increased significantly in patients with normal sperm count or moderate oligozoospermia, but we did not find an increment in sperm count in patients with mild and severe oligozoospermia after surgery. The mean percentage of normal motility significantly increased after surgery, but we did not observe a significant increment in morphologically normal sperm count and testicular volume after varicocele repair. Moreover, we did not find any correlation between nitric oxide concentrations and severity of oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia or abnormal sperm morphology in this population. It is concluded that in the general male population, varicocele repair is not associated with an improved semen profile in all cases. We did not observe a significant correlation between nitric oxide concentrations and semen profile.
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Ghabili K, Shoja MM, Agutter PS, Agarwal A. Hypothesis: intracellular acidification contributes to infertility in varicocele. Fertil Steril 2009; 92:399-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The varicocele is the abnormal dilation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus, resulting from an altered venous drainage, and it is considered one of the main causes of male infertility. In this paper we review the most recent observations on the histological, endocrinological, biochemical and clinical alterations reported in adolescents with left idiopathic varicocele. Data indicate that varicocele progressively impairs the reproductive function of the testis. Treatment could improve a number of such damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Romeo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Testicular volume, scrotal temperature, and oxidative stress in fertile men with left varicocele. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:1388-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mostafa T, Anis T, Imam H, El-Nashar AR, Osman IA. Seminal reactive oxygen species-antioxidant relationship in fertile males with and without varicocele. Andrologia 2009; 41:125-9. [PMID: 19260850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS)-antioxidants relationship in fertile and infertile men with and without varicocele. One hundred and seventy six males were studied; fertile healthy volunteers (n = 45), fertile men with varicocele (n = 45), infertile oligoasthenozoospermia (OA, n = 44) without varicocele and infertile OA with varicocele (n = 42). In their seminal plasma, two ROS parameters (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide) and five antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, vitaminE, vitaminC) were estimated. Compared with fertile healthy men, in all other studied groups, estimated seminal ROS were significantly higher and estimated antioxidants were significantly lower. Infertile men with varicocele showed the same relationship as infertile men without varicocele. Sperm concentration, total sperm motility as well as sperm normal forms were negatively correlated with seminal malondialdehyde and were positively correlated with vitaminC. It is concluded that varicocele has an oxidative stress (OS) in fertile normozoospermic bearing conditions. This may allow understanding that, within men with varicocele, there is a threshold value of OS over which male fertility may be impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mostafa
- Andrology & Sexology Department, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Agarwal A, Sharma RK, Desai NR, Prabakaran S, Tavares A, Sabanegh E. Role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of varicocele and infertility. Urology 2009; 73:461-9. [PMID: 19167039 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the published literature about the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of varicocele and the beneficial effects of varicocele repair on oxidative stress. Literature survey was performed using the Medline, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and Cochrane databases between 1993 and 2008 that were relevant to oxidative stress and varicocele. Varicocele treatment can reduce reactive oxygen species levels and improve sperm parameters and pregnancy rates, although it is still controversial with Assisted Reproductive Techniques outcomes. We conclude that spermatozoal dysfunction in varicocele patients could be multifactorial, and oxidative stress-induced injury appears to be one of the main causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Obstetrics-Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Seminal plasma total antioxidant capacity and semen parameters in patients with varicocele. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18:617-21. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jung SH, Kang KD, Ji D, Fawcett RJ, Safa R, Kamalden TA, Osborne NN. The flavonoid baicalin counteracts ischemic and oxidative insults to retinal cells and lipid peroxidation to brain membranes. Neurochem Int 2008; 53:325-37. [PMID: 18835309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the flavonoid, baicalin is effective at blunting the negative influence of ischemia/reperfusion to the rat retina in situ and of various insults to a transformed retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5 cells) in culture. Baicalin was administered intraperitoneally just before and after an ischemic insult to retina of one eye of a rat. Ischemia was delivered by raising the intraocular pressure above the systolic blood pressure for 50min. Seven days after ischemia, retinas were analysed for the localisation of various antigens. Retinal extracts were also analysed for various mRNAs. Moreover, the content of specific proteins was deduced in retinal and optic nerve extracts. Also, RGC-5 cells in culture were given one of three different insults, light (1000lx for 2 days), hydrogen peroxide (200microM H(2)O(2) for 24h) or serum deprivation (48h) where cell survival and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was assayed. Moreover, a lipid peroxidation assay was used to compare the antioxidant capacity of baicalin with the flavonoid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Ischemia/reperfusion to the retina affected the localisation of Thy-1 and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the content of various proteins (optic nerve and retina) and mRNAs (retina). Importantly, baicalin statistically blunted most of the effects induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Only the increase in caspase-8 and caspase-3 mRNAs caused by ischemia/reperfusion were unaffected by baicalin treatment. Baicalin also attenuated significantly the negative insult of light, hydrogen peroxide and serum withdrawal to RGC-5 cells. In the lipid peroxidation studies, baicalin was also found to be equally effective as EGCG to act as an antioxidant. Significantly, the negative insult of serum withdrawal on RGC-5 cell survival was blunted by baicalin but not by EGCG revealing the different properties of the two flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jung
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Verratti V, Di Giulio C, Berardinelli F, Tiboni GM, Pellicciotta M, Brunetti L, Ferrante C, Orlando G, Bianchi G, Cacchio M, Vacca M, Tenaglia R. Pampiniform plexus and oxidative stress during chronic hypoxia and hyperoxia. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008; 21:353-7. [PMID: 18547479 DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate oxidative stress produced by experimental hypoxia and hyperoxia in young and old pampiniform plexus rats, in order to evaluate the oxidative role of oxygen. Oxidative stress causing molecular and cellular dysfunction increases in hypertension and can therefore be considered a state of oxidative stress. This consideration makes us reflect on the responsibility of oxidative stress in the veins of the pampiniform plexus, notoriously under high hydrostatic pressure. After experimental hypoxia and hyperoxia we studied the 8-iso-PGF2alpha release (a specific index of cellular oxidative stress) in young and old left pampiniform plexus rats. The basal 8-iso-PGF2alpha release showed a statistically significant difference P=0.0067 between young and old rats PP. After hypoxia and hyperoxia, the release was higher in young rats as compared to normoxia, respectively P=0.0001 and P=0.0002. After hypoxia the release was not modified in old rats P=0.544 while after hyperoxia the release was increased in old rats as compared to control P less than 0.0001. The results show how chronic hypoxia and hyperoxia represent two important causes of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in pampiniform plexus rats. In young rats an increase of oxidative stress suggests that pampiniform plexus is sensitive to variations of oxygen supply. In old rats the pampiniform plexus is liable to a reduction of oxygen-sensing mechanisms and it is possible that the missing oxidative answer to the hypoxia in old rats is attributable in all likelihood to adaptation to a hypoxic condition typical of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Verratti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy.
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Cakan M, Bakirtas H, Aldemir M, Demirel F, Altug U. Results of varicocelectomy in patients with isolated teratozoospermia. Urol Int 2008; 80:172-6. [PMID: 18362488 DOI: 10.1159/000112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isolated teratozoospermia is rarely encountered in patients with clinically palpable varicocele, and the consequences of varicocelectomy remain unclear in these cases. In the current study, we assessed the effect of varicocelectomy on sperm morphology in a series of patients with infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data obtained from 52 primary subfertile men with isolated teratozoospermia and clinical palpable varicocele were reviewed retrospectively. Varicocelectomy was performed on 29 patients, and the remaining 23 patients did not undergo any treatment (control group). The differences in sperm morphology assessed by using Kruger's strict criteria 3 months before and 12 months after varicocelectomy were taken into consideration for statistical analysis. RESULTS One patient who underwent varicocelectomy was excluded from the study due to varicocele recurrence. Thus, data obtained from the remaining 28 patients were evaluated. Following varicocelectomy, significant improvement was detected in the ratio of normal sperm forms (p < 0.001). While there was significant improvement in the ratio of sperm cells with head defects, tail defects and immature forms (p < 0.001), the ratio of sperm with acrosome and mid-piece defects was not changed (p > 0.05). While an overall spontaneous pregnancy was achieved in 5 of the 28 (17.8%) couples in the varicocelectomy group within 12 months after operation, neither improvement in sperm morphology nor pregnancy in the patients' partners was detected in the control group. CONCLUSION Varicocelectomy caused a significant improvement in sperm morphology, particularly in immature forms and forms with head and tail defects evaluated by Kruger's classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Cakan
- Department of 2nd Urology, SB Ankara Dişkapi Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Piomboni P, Gambera L, Serafini F, Campanella G, Morgante G, De Leo V. Sperm quality improvement after natural anti-oxidant treatment of asthenoteratospermic men with leukocytospermia. Asian J Androl 2008; 10:201-6. [PMID: 18097513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the immune-modulating and anti-oxidant effects of beta-glucan, papaya, lactoferrin, and vitamins C and E on sperm characteristics of patients with asthenoteratozoospermia associated with leucocytosis. METHODS Fifty-one patients referred to our Sterility Center for semen analysis were selected. Sperm parameters were assessed before and after patient's treatment with beta-glucan, lactoferrin, papaya, and vitamins C and E. DNA damage was assessed by the acridine orange test and sperm structural characteristics were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS After 90 days of treatment, an increase in the percentage of morphologically normal sperm (17.0 +/- 5.2 vs. 29.8 +/- 6.5) and total progressive motility (19.0 +/- 7.8 vs. 34.8 +/- 6.8) were detected. Structural sperm characteristics as well as chromatin integrity were also improved after treatment. In terms of leukocyte concentration in seminal fluid, a significant reduction was recorded (2.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.2). CONCLUSION The treatment of an inflammatory process by the synergic action of immune modulators and anti-oxidants could protect sperm during maturation and migration, leading to improved sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Piomboni
- Department of Surgery, Biology Section, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, Siena, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adolescent varicocele is a common lesion which remains poorly understood. Recent research in pathophysiology and surgical management has shed new light on this increasingly diagnosed clinical entity. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research demonstrates the potential importance of heat and oxidative stress patterns on testicular dysfunction with varicocele. The importance of testicular volume differentials as a surgical indication have been demonstrated. Surgical innovations have included artery sparing, often with microscopic magnification, and enhanced identification of lymphatics to reduce hydrocele with a laparoscopic approach. SUMMARY Optimal management of adolescent varicocele is being clarified. A conservative, selective approach based on testicular volume differentials and semen analysis findings seems appropriate. Techniques affording artery and lymphatic sparing should be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Diamond
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Yousef MI, Awad TI, Elhag FA, Khaled FA. Study of the protective effect of ascorbic acid against the toxicity of stannous chloride on oxidative damage, antioxidant enzymes and biochemical parameters in rabbits. Toxicology 2007; 235:194-202. [PMID: 17433520 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stannous chloride (SnCl2) is a reducing chemical agent used in several man-made products. SnCl2 can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the present study has been carried out to investigate the antioxidant action of l-ascorbic acid (AA) in minimizing SnCl2 toxicity on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme, and biochemical parameters in male New Zealand white rabbits. Animals were assigned to one of four treatment groups: 0mg AA and 0mg SnCl2/kg BW (control); 40 mg AA/kg BW; 20mg SnCl2/kg BW; 20mg SnCl2 plus 40 mg AA/kg BW. Rabbits were orally administered the respective doses every other day for 12 weeks. Results obtained showed that SnCl2 significantly (P<0.05) induced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS; the marker of lipid peroxidation) in plasma, while the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the level of sulfhydryl groups (SH-group) were decreased (P<0.05) in blood plasma. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AlP), acid phosphatase (AcP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were decreased (P<0.05). Stannous chloride significantly (P<0.05) increased the levels of plasma total lipid (TL), cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), glucose, urea and total bilirubin. On the other hand, the level of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protein (TP), albumin (A) and globulin (G) were significantly (P<0.05) decreased. Ascorbic acid alone significantly decreased the levels of TBARS, lipids and urea, and increased the activities of GST, SOD and CAT, and the levels of SH-group and proteins. While the rest of the tested parameters were not affected. Also, the presence of AA with SnCl2 alleviated its harmful effects on most of the tested parameters. Therefore, the present results revealed that treatment with AA could minimize the toxic effects of stannous chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Zhang B, Safa R, Rusciano D, Osborne NN. Epigallocatechin gallate, an active ingredient from green tea, attenuates damaging influences to the retina caused by ischemia/reperfusion. Brain Res 2007; 1159:40-53. [PMID: 17573045 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether the antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a catechin-base flavonoid derived from green tea protects retina neurones in situ from ischemia/reperfusion and in vitro from an oxidative stress insult of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Similar results were obtained when rats were injected by two different regimes of EGCG. Ischemia was delivered by raising the intraocular pressure above the systolic blood pressure (120 mm Hg) generally for 45 min. The electroretinogram (ERG) was measured prior to ischemia and 5 days after reperfusion. Rats were killed 7 days after ischemia and processed for immunohistochemistry and for determining of mRNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and electrophoresis/western blotting, respectively. In addition, optic nerves 7 days after ischemia were subjected to protein analysis. Ischemia/reperfusion caused a significant reduction in the a- and b-wave amplitudes of the ERGs, a decrease in retinal ganglion cell and photoreceptor specific proteins and mRNAs, an increase in retinal caspase-3 mRNA and protein, an increase in retinal caspase-8 mRNA, an increase in retinal GFAP protein and mRNA and a decrease in optic nerve proteins associated with ganglion cell axons. All these changes were significantly counteracted by EGCG. Moreover, EGCG clearly blunted ischemia/reperfusion-induced changes in the localisation of retinal Thy-1 and ChAT immunoreactivities. EGCG also significantly reduced the apoptosis to retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5 cells) in culture caused by H(2)O(2). The results of the study demonstrate that EGCG provides protection to retinal neurones from oxidative stress and ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AW, UK
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