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For: Tian H, Huang Q, Li L, Liu XX, Zhang Y. Gene expression of ornithine decarboxylase in lung cancers and its clinical significance. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2006;38:639-45. [PMID: 16953303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2006.00204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open

For:	Tian H, Huang Q, Li L, Liu XX, Zhang Y. Gene expression of ornithine decarboxylase in lung cancers and its clinical significance. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2006;38:639-45. [PMID: 16953303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2006.00204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Sahu PN, Sen A. Preventing Cancer by Inhibiting Ornithine Decarboxylase: A Comparative Perspective on Synthetic vs. Natural Drugs. Chem Biodivers 2024;21:e202302067. [PMID: 38404009 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202302067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]

Singh S, Maurya AK, Meena A, Mishra N, Luqman S. Narirutin downregulates lipoxygenase-5 expression and induces G0/G1 arrest in triple-negative breast carcinoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023;1867:130340. [PMID: 36868290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 20% of breast cancer that does not express HER2, progesterone and estrogen receptors. It is associated with a high mortality rate, morbidity, metastasis, recurrence, poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cathepsin-D (CATD), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) are involved in breast cancer carcinogenesis; hence, there is a pressing need to identify novel chemicals that targets these enzymes. Narirutin, a flavanone glycoside abundantly present in citrus fruits, is reported to have immune-modulatory, anti-allergic and antioxidant potential. Still, the cancer chemopreventive mechanism against TNBC has not been explored.

METHODS

In vitro experiments, enzyme activity, expression analysis, molecular docking and MD simulation were carried out.

RESULTS

Narirutin suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 in a dose-proportional manner. The pronounced effect with >50% inhibition was observed in SRB and MTT assays for MDAMB-231 cells. Unexpectedly, narirutin suppressed the proliferation of normal cells (24.51%) at 100 μM. Further, narirutin inhibits the activity of LOX-5 in cell-free (18.18 ± 3.93 μM) and cell-based (48.13 ± 7.04 μM) test systems while moderately affecting COX-2, CATD, ODC and DHFR activity. Moreover, narirutin revealed a down-regulation of LOX-5 expression with a fold change of 1.23. Besides, MD simulation experiments confirm that narirutin binding forms a stable complex with LOX-5 and improves the stability and compactness of LOX-5. In addition, the prediction analysis demonstrates that narirutin could not cross the blood-brain barrier and did not act as an inhibitor of different CYPs.

CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE

Narirutin could be a potent cancer chemopreventive lead for TNBC, further paving the way for synthesizing novel analogues.

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Cífková E, Brumarová R, Ovčačíková M, Dobešová D, Mičová K, Kvasnička A, Vaňková Z, Šiller J, Sákra L, Friedecký D, Holčapek M. Lipidomic and metabolomic analysis reveals changes in biochemical pathways for non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022;1867:159082. [PMID: 34793969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]

Gamble LD, Purgato S, Henderson MJ, Di Giacomo S, Russell AJ, Pigini P, Murray J, Valli E, Milazzo G, Giorgi FM, Cowley M, Ashton LJ, Bhalshankar J, Schleiermacher G, Rihani A, Van Maerken T, Vandesompele J, Speleman F, Versteeg R, Koster J, Eggert A, Noguera R, Stallings RL, Tonini GP, Fong K, Vaksman Z, Diskin SJ, Maris JM, London WB, Marshall GM, Ziegler DS, Hogarty MD, Perini G, Norris MD, Haber M. A G316A Polymorphism in the Ornithine Decarboxylase Gene Promoter Modulates MYCN-Driven Childhood Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021;13:cancers13081807. [PMID: 33918978 PMCID: PMC8069650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open

Abstract

Simple Summary

Neuroblastoma is a devasting childhood cancer in which multiple copies (amplification) of the cancer-causing gene MYCN strongly predict poor outcome. Neuroblastomas are reliant on high levels of cellular components called polyamines for their growth and malignant behavior, and the gene regulating polyamine synthesis is called ODC1. ODC1 is often coamplified with MYCN, and in fact is regulated by MYCN, and like MYCN is prognostic of poor outcome. Here we studied a naturally occurring genetic variant or polymorphism that occurs in the ODC1 gene, and used gene editing to demonstrate the functional importance of this variant in terms of ODC1 levels and growth of neuroblastoma cells. We showed that this variant impacts the ability of MYCN to regulate ODC1, and that it also influences outcome in neuroblastoma, with the rarer variant associated with a better survival. This study addresses the important topic of genetic polymorphisms in cancer.

Abstract

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), a critical regulatory enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, is a direct transcriptional target of MYCN, amplification of which is a powerful marker of aggressive neuroblastoma. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), G316A, within the first intron of ODC1, results in genotypes wildtype GG, and variants AG/AA. CRISPR-cas9 technology was used to investigate the effects of AG clones from wildtype MYCN-amplified SK-N-BE(2)-C cells and the effect of the SNP on MYCN binding, and promoter activity was investigated using EMSA and luciferase assays. AG clones exhibited decreased ODC1 expression, growth rates, and histone acetylation and increased sensitivity to ODC1 inhibition. MYCN was a stronger transcriptional regulator of the ODC1 promoter containing the G allele, and preferentially bound the G allele over the A. Two neuroblastoma cohorts were used to investigate the clinical impact of the SNP. In the study cohort, the minor AA genotype was associated with improved survival, while poor prognosis was associated with the GG genotype and AG/GG genotypes in MYCN-amplified and non-amplified patients, respectively. These effects were lost in the GWAS cohort. We have demonstrated that the ODC1 G316A polymorphism has functional significance in neuroblastoma and is subject to allele-specific regulation by the MYCN oncoprotein.

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Affiliation(s)

Laura D. Gamble Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, PO Box 81, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (L.D.G.); (M.J.H.); (J.M.); (E.V.); (M.C.); (G.M.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.D.N.)
Stefania Purgato Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.); (F.M.G.); (G.P.)
Michelle J. Henderson Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, PO Box 81, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (L.D.G.); (M.J.H.); (J.M.); (E.V.); (M.C.); (G.M.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.D.N.)
Simone Di Giacomo Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.); (F.M.G.); (G.P.)
Amanda J. Russell Cancer Research Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
Paolo Pigini Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.); (F.M.G.); (G.P.)
Jayne Murray Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, PO Box 81, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (L.D.G.); (M.J.H.); (J.M.); (E.V.); (M.C.); (G.M.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.D.N.)
Emanuele Valli Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, PO Box 81, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (L.D.G.); (M.J.H.); (J.M.); (E.V.); (M.C.); (G.M.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.D.N.)
Giorgio Milazzo Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.); (F.M.G.); (G.P.)
Federico M. Giorgi Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.); (F.M.G.); (G.P.)
Mark Cowley Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, PO Box 81, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (L.D.G.); (M.J.H.); (J.M.); (E.V.); (M.C.); (G.M.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.D.N.)
Lesley J. Ashton Research Portfolio, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2008, Australia;
Jaydutt Bhalshankar SIREDO, Department of Paediatric, Adolescents and Young Adults Oncology and INSERM U830, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; (J.B.); (G.S.)
Gudrun Schleiermacher SIREDO, Department of Paediatric, Adolescents and Young Adults Oncology and INSERM U830, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; (J.B.); (G.S.)
Ali Rihani Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.R.); (T.V.M.); (J.V.); (F.S.)
Tom Van Maerken Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.R.); (T.V.M.); (J.V.); (F.S.)
Jo Vandesompele Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.R.); (T.V.M.); (J.V.); (F.S.)
Frank Speleman Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.R.); (T.V.M.); (J.V.); (F.S.)
Rogier Versteeg Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.V.); (J.K.)
Jan Koster Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.V.); (J.K.)
Angelika Eggert Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and SCT, Charité-University Hospital Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
Rosa Noguera Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC-INCLIVA, Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Raymond L. Stallings Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland;
Gian Paolo Tonini Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy;
Kwun Fong Thoracic Research Centre, University of Queensland, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia;
Zalman Vaksman Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (Z.V.); (S.J.D.); (J.M.M.); (M.D.H.) Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Sharon J. Diskin Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (Z.V.); (S.J.D.); (J.M.M.); (M.D.H.) Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
John M. Maris Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (Z.V.); (S.J.D.); (J.M.M.); (M.D.H.) Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Wendy B. London Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
Glenn M. Marshall Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, PO Box 81, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (L.D.G.); (M.J.H.); (J.M.); (E.V.); (M.C.); (G.M.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.D.N.) Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, High St, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
David S. Ziegler Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, PO Box 81, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (L.D.G.); (M.J.H.); (J.M.); (E.V.); (M.C.); (G.M.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.D.N.) Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, High St, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
Michael D. Hogarty Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (Z.V.); (S.J.D.); (J.M.M.); (M.D.H.) Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Giovanni Perini Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (S.D.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.); (F.M.G.); (G.P.)
Murray D. Norris Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, PO Box 81, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (L.D.G.); (M.J.H.); (J.M.); (E.V.); (M.C.); (G.M.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.D.N.) Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Michelle Haber Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, PO Box 81, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (L.D.G.); (M.J.H.); (J.M.); (E.V.); (M.C.); (G.M.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.D.N.) Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(02)-9385-2170

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Mahmoud AA, Farouk A, Goneim A, Hafez MFA, Saleem TH. Ornithine decarboxylase gene expression and activity in lung cancer. GENE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]

Chelouah S, Monod-Wissler C, Bailly C, Barret JM, Guilbaud N, Vispé S, Käs E. An integrated Drosophila model system reveals unique properties for F14512, a novel polyamine-containing anticancer drug that targets topoisomerase II. PLoS One 2011;6:e23597. [PMID: 21853156 PMCID: PMC3154508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open

Abstract

F14512 is a novel anti-tumor molecule based on an epipodophyllotoxin core coupled to a cancer-cell vectoring spermine moiety. This polyamine linkage is assumed to ensure the preferential uptake of F14512 by cancer cells, strong interaction with DNA and potent inhibition of topoisomerase II (Topo II). The antitumor activity of F14512 in human tumor models is significantly higher than that of other epipodophyllotoxins in spite of a lower induction of DNA breakage. Hence, the demonstrated superiority of F14512 over other Topo II poisons might not result solely from its preferential uptake by cancer cells, but could also be due to unique effects on Topo II interactions with DNA. To further dissect the mechanism of action of F14512, we used Drosophila melanogaster mutants whose genetic background leads to an easily scored phenotype that is sensitive to changes in Topo II activity and/or localization. F14512 has antiproliferative properties in Drosophila cells and stabilizes ternary Topo II/DNA cleavable complexes at unique sites located in moderately repeated sequences, suggesting that the drug specifically targets a select and limited subset of genomic sequences. Feeding F14512 to developing mutant Drosophila larvae led to the recovery of flies expressing a striking phenotype, "Eye wide shut," where one eye is replaced by a first thoracic segment. Other recovered F14512-induced gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes similarly correspond to precise genetic dysfunctions. These complex in vivo results obtained in a whole developing organism can be reconciled with known genetic anomalies and constitute a remarkable instance of specific alterations of gene expression by ingestion of a drug. "Drosophila-based anticancer pharmacology" hence reveals unique properties for F14512, demonstrating the usefulness of an assay system that provides a low-cost, rapid and effective complement to mammalian models and permits the elucidation of fundamental mechanisms of action of candidate drugs of therapeutic interest in humans.

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Downregulation of ornithine decarboxylase by pcDNA-ODCr inhibits gastric cancer cell growth in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2010;38:949-55. [PMID: 20533091 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]

Grimminger PP, Schneider PM, Metzger R, Vallböhmer D, Danenberg KD, Danenberg PV, Hölscher AH, Brabender J. Ornithine decarboxylase mRNA expression in curatively resected non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2010;11:114-9. [PMID: 20199977 DOI: 10.3816/clc.2010.n.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The effect of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) on the pathogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains poorly investigated. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore the potential role of ODC mRNA expression as a prognostic biomarker in patients with curatively resected NSCLC.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 91 tumor and matching nontumorous lung tissue samples from patients with NSCLC were analyzed using a quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method. The relative ODC mRNA expression was measured in tumorous and nontumorous lung tissue using beta-actin as a reference gene. Squamous cell carcinoma was found in 43 patients (47%), adenocarcinoma in 33 (36%), and large-cell carcinoma in 15 of the patients (17%). All patients' disease was R0 resected.

RESULTS

Ornithine decarboxylase was detected in all 91 tumor and nontumorous lung tissue samples. The median tumorous expression of 9.11 (range, 0.92-155.35) was significantly elevated compared with the median ODC expression of 7.89 (range, 0.0-45.8) in nontumorous lung tissue. Ornithine decarboxylase expression levels were not associated with any clinicopathologic parameters. Using an ODC/beta-actin ratio of 10 as a cutoff, tumorous ODC (tODC) expression is a significant prognostic factor in NSCLC. The ODC ratio between tumorous and nontumorous expression was even more prognostic. Moreover, Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed ODC expression to be an independent prognostic factor.

CONCLUSION

In this study, ODC is shown to have a prognostic potential in NSCLC. Low levels of tODC expression are associated with a more aggressive tumor biology. Also, an increase of ODC mRNA expression during carcinogenesis seems to have a favorable prognostic effect. Measuring the ODC expression in patients with NSCLC could aid in further chemotherapy decisions. Our results suggest that further investigation of ODC mRNA expression in NSCLC may be warranted.

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TIAN H, XU J, LIU XX, ZHANG B, LI WJ, SONG X. Apoptosis Effects of ODC and AdoMetDC Biantisense Virus on Esophageal Cancer Cell Eca109*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2008.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]

Tian H, Liu X, Zhang B, Sun Q, Sun D. Adenovirus-mediated expression of both antisense ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibits lung cancer cell growth. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2007;39:423-30. [PMID: 17558447 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open

Miao XP, Li JS, Li HY, Zeng SP, Zhao Y, Zeng JZ. Expression of ornithine decarboxylase in precancerous and cancerous gastric lesions. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:2867-71. [PMID: 17569126 PMCID: PMC4395642 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i20.2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open

Roberts SC, Jiang Y, Gasteier J, Frydman B, Marton LJ, Heby O, Ullman B. Leishmania donovani polyamine biosynthetic enzyme overproducers as tools to investigate the mode of action of cytotoxic polyamine analogs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006;51:438-45. [PMID: 17116678 PMCID: PMC1797743 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01193-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open

Abstract

A number of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs are postulated to target the polyamine biosynthetic pathway and polyamine function, but the exact mode of action of these compounds is still being elucidated. To establish whether polyamine analogs specifically target enzymes of the polyamine pathway, a model was developed using strains of the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani that overproduce each of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes. Promastigotes overexpressing episomal constructs encoding ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (ADOMETDC), or spermidine synthase (SPDSYN) revealed robust overproduction of the corresponding polyamine biosynthetic enzyme. Polyamine pools, however, were either unchanged or only marginally affected, implying that regulatory mechanisms must exist. The ODC, ADOMETDC, and SPDSYN overproducer strains exhibited a high level of resistance to difluoromethylornithine, 5'-{[(Z)-4-amino-2-butenyl]methylamino}-5'-deoxyadenosine, and n-butylamine, respectively, confirming previous observations that these agents specifically target polyamine enzymes. Conversely, augmented levels of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes did not affect the sensitivity of L. donovani promastigotes to pentamidine, berenil, and mitoguazone, drugs that were postulated to target the polyamine pathway, implying alternative and/or additional targets for these agents. The sensitivities of wild-type and overproducing parasites to a variety of polyamine analogs were also tested. The polyamine enzyme-overproducing lines offer a rapid cell-based screen for assessing whether synthetic polyamine analogs exert their mechanism of action predominantly on the polyamine biosynthetic pathway in L. donovani. Furthermore, the drug resistance engendered by the amplification of target genes and the overproduction of the encoded protein offers a general strategy for evaluating and developing therapeutic agents that target specific proteins in Leishmania.

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