1
|
Homayuni A, Hosseini Z. The role of social support and self-control in tobacco consumption: a cross-sectional study among tobacco consumers and non-consumers. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:192. [PMID: 37386532 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use is recognized as one of the most important causes of preventable death due to non-communicable diseases and disability worldwide. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing social support and self-control between tobacco consumers and non-consumers in Hormozgan Province. METHODS The present cross-sectional study was conducted on the adult population above the age of 15 years living in Hormozgan province. A total number of 1,631 subjects were selected using a convenient sampling method. An online questionnaire was used to collect the data, which consisted of three sections: demographic information, Zimet's perceived social support and Tangney's self-control questionnaires. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha coefficients of social support and self-control questionnaires were 0.886 and 0.721, respectively. Data were analyzed using chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and logistic regression analysis with SPSS software (v. 25). RESULTS Among the participants, 842 (51.6%) reported to be tobacco non-consumers, and 789 (48.4%) reported to be consumers. The mean scores of perceived social support among the consumers and non-consumers were 4.6 ± 1.012 and 4.93 ± 0.518, respectively. The mean scores of self-control among the consumers and non-consumers were 2.74 ± 0.356 and 2.75 ± 0.354, respectively. There was a significant difference among tobacco consumers and non-consumers in gender, age, education level and job status (p < 0.001). The results showed that the mean scores of social support, support received from family and others were significantly higher in non-consumers than in consumers (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of self-control, self-discipline, and impulse control in consumers and non-consumers (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION According to our findings, tobacco consumers received more social support from family and others compared to non-consumers. Considering the important role of perceived support in tobacco consumption, this variable should receive copious attention in developing interventions and trainings, especially family education workshops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Homayuni
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseini
- Tobacco and Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peprah P, Agyemang-Duah W, Gyamfi N, Asare BYA, Boateng D, Appiah JO, Adu C. Cigarette smoking during breastfeeding in Papua New Guinea: Prevalence and demographic and socio-economic predictors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278373. [PMID: 36454927 PMCID: PMC9714934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking during breastfeeding is reported to contribute to significant changes in the composition of breast milk not only by reducing its protective features but also affecting infants' response to breastfeeding and breast milk. However, studies on the prevalence of cigarette smoking and associated factors during breastfeeding are limited in Papua New Guinea (PNG). This study estimates the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its association with demographic and economic factors among breastfeeding women in PNG. METHODS We used weighted survey data from the 2016-2018 PNG Demographic and Health Survey (PNGDHS). A weighted sample of 3,822 women who were breastfeeding during the survey were included in the study. The outcome variable in the present study is current cigarette smoking. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between current cigarette smoking status and socio-demographic and economic variables of breastfeeding women. The regression analysis results were reported using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS From the weighted sample, the prevalence of cigarette smoking among breastfeeding women was 21.9%; of which 60.8% smoked daily. The mean number of cigarettes smoked in the last 24 hours preceding the survey was 6.05(SD = 5.99). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that breastfeeding women who were from the Momase (aOR: 2.337, CI: 1.786-3.058, p<0.001) and Highlands (AOR: 1.589, CI: 1.213-2.082, p = 0.001), had no religious affiliation (aOR: 3.665, CI: 1.235-10.877, p = 0.019), and households with daughters as household heads (aOR: 1.901, CI: 1.231-2.935, p = 0.004) and being in more than one union (aOR: 2.374, CI: 1.805-3.123, p<0.001) were significantly more likely to smoke cigarette compared to women from southern region, those affiliated to Anglican church, those with husband as household heads, and being in one union respectively. CONCLUSION Cigarette smoking among breastfeeding women in PNG is relatively high, and region of residence, religion, relationship to household head, and the number of unions remain independent predictors. Interventions should target the individual socio-economic and cultural contexts within which breastfeeding occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Naomi Gyamfi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health, University of New England, Armidale NSW, Australia
| | - Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah Asare
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Applied of Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dickson Boateng
- Department of Geography, Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Collins Adu
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Disability Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterniary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu N, Yu Z, Du Y, Li J. Risk Factors of Relapse After Smoking Cessation: Results in China Family Panel Studies From 2010 to 2018. Front Public Health 2022; 10:849647. [PMID: 35844872 PMCID: PMC9283977 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.849647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco use is still highly prevalent globally in spite of the tobacco control efforts made by the governments. In view of the harm of smoking and relapse after smoking cessation, the purpose of this study is to establish a competitive risk model to determine potential risk factors for smoking relapse. Methods The population-based cohort of ex-smokers over the age of 18 years was obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database from 2010 to 2018. Competing risk models were conducted to identify the risk factors for relapse. Results A total of 1,019 subjects were included in this study, of which 311 (30.52%) subjects relapsed during the follow-up period. A multivariate analysis indicated that age < 40 years [hazard ratio (HR) 19.142; 95% CI: 10.641–34.434, p < 0.01], cohabitation (HR: 1.422; 95% CI: 1.081–1.87, p = 0.01), and often depression [HR 1.422; 95% CI, (1.081–1.87), p = 0.01] were associated with a great risk of relapse while the age of quitting smoking < 60 years (HR: 0. 436; 95% CI: 0.229–0.831, p < 0.01) and joining the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (HR 0.611; 95% CI: 0.397–0.939, p = 0.03) were reduced risk factors for relapse. Conclusions Approximately 3 in 10 ex-smokers were observed to relapse. There are various risk factors for relapse as well. In the face of such a serious situation, it is urgent to take action to control smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naifan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhenfan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yurun Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangping Li
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bloom EL, Bogart A, Dubowitz T, Collins RL, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Gary-Webb TL, Troxel W. Longitudinal Associations Between Changes in Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Use, Eating Behavior, Perceived Stress, and Self-Rated Health in a Cohort of Low-Income Black Adults. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:112-124. [PMID: 33970236 PMCID: PMC8691395 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black adults in the U.S. experience significant health disparities related to tobacco use and obesity. Conducting observational studies of the associations between smoking and other health behaviors and indicators among Black adults may contribute to the development of tailored interventions. PURPOSE We examined associations between change in cigarette smoking and alcohol use, body mass index, eating behavior, perceived stress, and self-rated health in a cohort of Black adults who resided in low-income urban neighborhoods and participated in an ongoing longitudinal study. METHODS Interviews were conducted in 2011, 2014, and 2018; participants (N = 904) provided at least two waves of data. We fit linear and logistic mixed-effects models to evaluate how changes in smoking status from the previous wave to the subsequent wave were related to each outcome at that subsequent wave. RESULTS Compared to repeated smoking (smoking at previous and subsequent wave), repeated nonsmoking (nonsmoking at previous and subsequent wave) was associated with greater likelihood of recent dieting (OR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.13, 2.23], p = .007) and future intention (OR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.61, 2.98], p < .001) and self-efficacy (OR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.21, 2.23], p = .002) to eat low calorie foods, and greater odds of excellent or very good self-rated health (OR = 2.47, 95% CI [1.53, 3.99], p < .001). Transitioning from smoking to nonsmoking was associated with greater self-efficacy to eat low calorie foods (OR = 1.89, 95% CI [1.1, 3.26], p = .021), and lower perceived stress (β = -0.69, 95% CI [-1.34, -0.05], p = .036). CONCLUSIONS We found significant longitudinal associations between smoking behavior and eating behavior, perceived stress, and self-rated health. These findings have implications for the development of multiple behavior change programs and community-level interventions and policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tiffany L Gary-Webb
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hwang J, Chun HR, Cheon E. A qualitative study on the impact of COVID-19 on the behavior and attitudes of smokers and non-smokers in South Korea. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1972. [PMID: 34724927 PMCID: PMC8559696 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of human society, including education, culture, and the economy, and has also introduced changes in people's health behaviors such as drinking alcohol, nutrition intake, and practicing healthy living. This study conducted qualitative research in the Korean context to examine the changes in the smoking behavior of smokers and secondhand smoke exposure of non-smokers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Focus group interviews were conducted with 36 Korean participants (18 men and 18 women). The groups were composed of cigarette smokers, e-cigarette users, heated tobacco product users, and non-smokers. RESULTS During the pandemic, it was found that there was an increase in the frequency of use, irrespective of the tobacco product, in users who refrained from social interaction and worked or studied from home. Users who continued to be socially active increased the amount used with each usage. Smokers showed a tendency to avoid smoking rooms and to smoke alone in places unoccupied by people. In addition, non-smokers' exposure to secondhand smoke did not decrease, but since non-smokers used masks, they reported more relief from the risk of exposure to secondhand smoke than before. CONCLUSIONS Despite smokers being a high-risk group for COVID-19, the risk did not result in smoking cessation among smokers. Therefore, policies and educational campaigns to raise awareness about the dangers of smoking and to encourage smoking cessation are needed in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Hwang
- College of Health Science, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Ryoung Chun
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsil Cheon
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Impact of Racial, Geographic, and Socioeconomic Risk Factors on the Development of Advanced-Stage Cervical Cancer. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2018; 22:269-273. [PMID: 30063575 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite screening, disparities exist in cervical cancer incidence and outcomes. Demographic factors are associated with diagnosis at advanced stage (AS), but less is known about geographic factors. We sought to investigate risk factors for developing AS cervical cancer in Alabama. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified women treated for cervical cancer from 2005 to 2015 at our institution. Stages II-IV were considered AS. ZIP codes were categorized by federal Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes, and 16 historically underserved counties were categorized as Black Belt rural. Using data from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, we identified women's health provider locations. We explored associations between stage and multiple factors using logistic regression. RESULTS Of 934 patients, 29.2% were black, 52.7% had AS cancer, and 63.4% lived in urban areas. Average distance to nearest American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Fellow in urban, rural, and Black Belt rural areas was 5.0, 10.6, and 13.7 miles, respectively. Black race, public insurance and age of older than 65 years were associated with increased risk of AS cancer. Living in a rural area trended toward higher risk but was not significant. When stratified by race, insurance status and age were associated with AS cancer in white women only. CONCLUSIONS Living further from a women's health provider or in a rural area was not associated with a higher risk of AS cervical cancer. Black women had a higher risk of AS than white women regardless of age, insurance status, and geography. Disparities in cervical cancer are multifactorial and necessitate further research into socioeconomic, biologic, and systems causes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lepore SJ, Collins BN, Coffman DL, Winickoff JP, Nair US, Moughan B, Bryant-Stephens T, Taylor D, Fleece D, Godfrey M. Kids Safe and Smokefree (KiSS) Multilevel Intervention to Reduce Child Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Long-Term Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1239. [PMID: 29895740 PMCID: PMC6025102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatricians following clinical practice guidelines for tobacco intervention (“Ask, Advise, and Refer” [AAR]) can motivate parents to reduce child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). However, brief clinic interventions are unable to provide the more intensive, evidence-based behavioral treatments that facilitate the knowledge, skills, and confidence that parents need to both reduce child TSE and quit smoking. We hypothesized that a multilevel treatment model integrating pediatric clinic-level AAR with individual-level, telephone counseling would promote greater long-term (12-month) child TSE reduction and parent smoking cessation than clinic-level AAR alone. METHODS Pediatricians were trained to implement AAR with parents during clinic visits and reminded via prompts embedded in electronic health records. Following AAR, parents were randomized to intervention (AAR + counseling) or nutrition education attention control (AAR + control). Child TSE and parent quit status were bioverified. RESULTS Participants (n = 327) were 83% female, 83% African American, and 79% below the poverty level. Child TSE (urine cotinine) declined significantly in both conditions from baseline to 12 months (p = 0.001), with no between-group differences. The intervention had a statistically significant effect on 12-month bioverified quit status (p = 0.029): those in the intervention group were 2.47 times more likely to quit smoking than those in the control. Child age was negatively associated with 12-month log-cotinine (p = 0.01), whereas nicotine dependence was positively associated with 12-month log-cotinine levels (p = 0.001) and negatively associated with bioverified quit status (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Pediatrician advice alone may be sufficient to increase parent protections of children from TSE. Integrating clinic-level intervention with more intensive individual-level smoking intervention is necessary to promote parent cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Lepore
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave, 9th Floor Ritter Annex, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Bradley N Collins
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave, 9th Floor Ritter Annex, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Donna L Coffman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Winickoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital Division of Pediatrics, 125 Nashua St, Suite 860, Boston, MA 02144, USA.
| | - Uma S Nair
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave, 9th Floor Ritter Annex, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
- Health Promotion Sciences Department, 3950 S. Country Club Rd, Suite 300, PO Box: Abrams 300, Tucson, AZ 85714, USA.
| | - Beth Moughan
- Temple Pediatric Care, Temple University School of Medicine, 3509 N. Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Tyra Bryant-Stephens
- Roberts Pediatric Clinical Research Building, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 26 South St, 9th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA.
| | - Daniel Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Front and Erie, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA.
| | - David Fleece
- Temple Pediatric Care, Temple University School of Medicine, 3509 N. Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Melissa Godfrey
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave, 9th Floor Ritter Annex, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Patel A, Knox RJ, Logan A, Summerville K. Area Health Education Center (AHEC) programs for rural and underrepresented minority students in the Alabama Black Belt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 75:32. [PMID: 28748086 PMCID: PMC5523150 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-017-0200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background This paper evaluated the implementation West Central Alabama Area Health Education Center programs for high school students in grades 9–12 through participant-reported evaluations and feedback during the September 1st, 2013 to August 31st, 2014 fiscal year. The programs targeted racial/ethnic minorities and/or rural individuals interested in pursuing a career as a healthcare provider in medically underserved counties of Alabama. Methods Students participated in enrichment activities related to prospective health careers that included: successful college preparedness, knowledge about health careers, and the types of primary care health professions that are needed in underserved Alabama communities. The curriculum studied 593 (ACT preparation: n = 172, AHEC 101: n = 56, FAFSA: n = 109, Health Career Exploration: n = 159, College Career Readiness: n = 67, Dixie Scholars NERD: n = 30) baseline measures for the programs to evaluate effectiveness when rated by participants both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results Interactive activities with video incorporation, hands-on experiences, and group discussions paired with student motivation and interest in specific health career-related activities provided the highest program ratings. Conclusions It is important to use a variety of successful program strategies when forming healthcare workforce development interventions. Student evaluations can help adapt methods for future program implementation to ultimately achieve strategies for health professional recruitment, training, and retention in areas that lack access to quality healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashruta Patel
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, 625 Old Peachtree Road NW, Suwanee, GA 30024 USA
| | - Regina J Knox
- West Central Alabama-Area Health Education Center, 800 Hall St., Suite C, Greensboro, AL 36744 USA
| | - Alicia Logan
- West Central Alabama-Area Health Education Center, 800 Hall St., Suite C, Greensboro, AL 36744 USA
| | - Katie Summerville
- West Central Alabama-Area Health Education Center, 800 Hall St., Suite C, Greensboro, AL 36744 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Patel A. Understanding the importance of medical student clerkships in poor health outcome regions served by Area Health Education Centers (AHECs) in impoverished locations of Southern United States. Arch Public Health 2017; 75:7. [PMID: 28289543 PMCID: PMC5304386 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-017-0175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Area Health Education Centers provide health professional students the opportunity to explore the benefits of practicing in a rural and underserved location. The status of health conditions in chronic disease patients residing in impoverished regions of the US provides the chance to understand the factors that are responsible for constant inadequate outcomes in underserved and rural communities. Many limiting barriers to positive health outcomes occur in disproportionate numbers in the Southern Black Belt. Students should consider participating in rural and underserved clerkships, and ultimately a career as a health care provider in a poor health outcome region. In addition, promising programs (e.g. telemedicine, community health workers) to help implement patient-centered evidence-based interventions can tackle current chronic disease issues commonly encountered by health professionals who work with diverse patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashruta Patel
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine - Georgia Campus, 625 Old Peachtree Road NW, Suwanee, GA 30024 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Social and Spatial Patterning of Life Stress Among Immigrants in Canada. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 19:665-673. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
Brown QL, Linton SL, Harrell PT, Mancha BE, Alexandre PK, Chen KF, Eaton WW. The influence of religious attendance on smoking. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:1392-9. [PMID: 24827865 PMCID: PMC4144863 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.912224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Generalized linear models were used to assess the relationship between religious attendance and lifetime smoking status among middle-aged adults (n = 666) sampled from waves three (1993 to 1996) and four (2004 to 2005) of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study. Religious attendance once per week or greater as compared to never was inversely associated with smoking status. Future research should explore potential mediating factors of the association between religious attendance and smoking among middle-aged adults in order to gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying this relationship. FUNDING NIMH grant DA026652; NIDA grant T32DA007292.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiana L Brown
- 1Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rodriguez D, Carlos HA, Adachi-Mejia AM, Berke EM, Sargent J. Retail tobacco exposure: using geographic analysis to identify areas with excessively high retail density. Nicotine Tob Res 2013; 16:155-65. [PMID: 23999651 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is great disparity in tobacco outlet density (TOD), with density highest in low-income areas and areas with greater proportions of minority residents, and this disparity may affect cancer incidence. We sought to better understand the nature of this disparity by assessing how these socio-demographic factors relate to TOD at the national level. METHODS Using mixture regression analysis and all of the nearly 65,000 census tracts in the contiguous United States, we aimed to determine the number of latent disparity classes by modeling the relations of proportions of Blacks, Hispanics, and families living in poverty with TOD, controlling for urban/rural status. RESULTS We identified six disparity classes. There was considerable heterogeneity in relation to TOD for Hispanics in rural settings. For Blacks, there was no relation to TOD in an urban moderate disparity class, and for rural census tracts, the relation was highest in a moderate disparity class. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the utility of classifying census tracts on heterogeneity of tobacco risk exposure. This approach provides a better understanding of the complexity of socio-demographic influences of tobacco retailing and creates opportunities for policy makers to more efficiently target areas in greatest need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodriguez
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rodriguez D, Carlos HA, Adachi-Mejia AM, Berke EM, Sargent JD. Predictors of tobacco outlet density nationwide: a geographic analysis. Tob Control 2013; 22:349-55. [PMID: 22491038 PMCID: PMC3431432 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate how demographics of US Census tracts are related to tobacco outlet density (TOD). METHOD The authors conducted a nationwide assessment of the association between socio-demographic US Census indicators and the density of tobacco outlets across all 64,909 census tracts in the continental USA. Retail tobacco outlet addresses were determined through North American Industry Classification System codes, and density per 1000 population was estimated for each census tract. Independent variables included urban/rural; proportion of the population that was black, Hispanic and women with low levels of education; proportion of families living in poverty and median household size. RESULTS In a multivariate analysis, there was a higher TOD per 1000 population in urban than in rural locations. Furthermore, higher TOD was associated with larger proportions of blacks, Hispanics, women with low levels of education and with smaller household size. Urban-rural differences in the relation between demographics and TOD were found in all socio-demographic categories, with the exception of poverty, but were particularly striking for Hispanics, for whom the relation with TOD was 10 times larger in urban compared with rural census tracts. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that tobacco outlets are more concentrated in areas where people with higher risk for negative health outcomes reside. Future studies should examine the relation between TOD and smoking, smoking cessation, as well as disease rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodriguez
- LaSalle University, Graduate Clinical Counseling Psychology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|