1
|
Olaizola-Rodrigo C, Palma-Florez S, Ranđelović T, Bayona C, Ashrafi M, Samitier J, Lagunas A, Mir M, Doblaré M, Ochoa I, Monge R, Oliván S. Tuneable hydrogel patterns in pillarless microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2094-2106. [PMID: 38444329 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OOC) technology has recently emerged as a powerful tool to mimic physiological or pathophysiological conditions through cell culture in microfluidic devices. One of its main goals is bypassing animal testing and encouraging more personalized medicine. The recent incorporation of hydrogels as 3D scaffolds into microfluidic devices has changed biomedical research since they provide a biomimetic extracellular matrix to recreate tissue architectures. However, this technology presents some drawbacks such as the necessity for physical structures as pillars to confine these hydrogels, as well as the difficulty in reaching different shapes and patterns to create convoluted gradients or more realistic biological structures. In addition, pillars can also interfere with the fluid flow, altering the local shear forces and, therefore, modifying the mechanical environment in the OOC model. In this work, we present a methodology based on a plasma surface treatment that allows building cell culture chambers with abutment-free patterns capable of producing precise shear stress distributions. Therefore, pillarless devices with arbitrary geometries are needed to obtain more versatile, reliable, and biomimetic experimental models. Through computational simulation studies, these shear stress changes are demonstrated in different designed and fabricated geometries. To prove the versatility of this new technique, a blood-brain barrier model has been recreated, achieving an uninterrupted endothelial barrier that emulates part of the neurovascular network of the brain. Finally, we developed a new technology that could avoid the limitations mentioned above, allowing the development of biomimetic OOC models with complex and adaptable geometries, with cell-to-cell contact if required, and where fluid flow and shear stress conditions could be controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Olaizola-Rodrigo
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME), Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- BEOnChip S.L., Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Sujey Palma-Florez
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teodora Ranđelović
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME), Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Clara Bayona
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME), Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mehran Ashrafi
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME), Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Josep Samitier
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Spain
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Lagunas
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Spain
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Spain
| | - Mònica Mir
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Spain
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Doblaré
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME), Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME), Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Spain
| | | | - Sara Oliván
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME), Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liebrecht LK, Khoraki J, Li R, Archambault C, Bane J, Deitch R, Broadway M, Eldering G, Mangino MJ. Metabolic Tissue Swelling and Local Microcirculation in Splanchnic Artery Occlusion Shock: Implications for Critical Illness. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:27-36. [PMID: 37739805 PMCID: PMC10765417 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma is a leading cause of death in the United States. Advancements in shock resuscitation have been disappointing because the correct upstream mechanisms of injury are not being targeted. Recently, significant advancements have been shown using new cell-impermeant molecules that work by transferring metabolic water from swollen ischemic cells to the capillary, which restores tissue perfusion by microcirculatory decompression. The rapid normalization of oxygen transfer improves resuscitation outcomes. Since poor resuscitation and perfusion of trauma patients also causes critical illness and sepsis and can be mimicked by ischemia-reperfusion of splanchnic tissues, we hypothesized that inadequate oxygenation of the gut during trauma drives development of later shock and critical illness. We further hypothesized that this is caused by ischemia-induced water shifts causing compression no-reflow. To test this, the superior mesenteric artery of juvenile anesthetized swine was occluded for 30 minutes followed by 8 hours of reperfusion to induce mild splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock. One group received the impermeant polyethylene glycol 20,000 Da (PEG-20k) that prevents metabolic cell swelling, and the other received a lactated Ringer's vehicle. Survival doubled in PEG-20k-treated swine along with improved macrohemodynamics and intestinal mucosal perfusion. Villus morphometry and plasma inflammatory cytokines normalized with impermeants. Plasma endotoxin rose over time after reperfusion, and impermeants abolished the rise. Inert osmotically active cell impermeants like PEG-20k improve intestinal reperfusion injury, SAO shock, and early signs of sepsis, which may be due to early restoration of mucosal perfusion and preservation of the septic barrier by reversal of ischemic compression no-reflow. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Significant advancements in treating shock and ischemia have been disappointing because the correct upstream causes have not been targeted. This study supports that poor tissue perfusion after intestinal ischemia from shock is caused by capillary compression no-reflow secondary to metabolic cell and tissue swelling since selectively targeting this issue with novel polyethylene glycol 20,000 Da-based cell-impermeant intravenous solutions reduces splanchnic artery occlusion shock, doubles survival time, restores tissue microperfusion, and preserves gut barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loren K Liebrecht
- Departments of Surgery (L.K.L., J.K., R.L., C.A., J.B., R.D., M.J.M.), Respiratory Therapy (M.B.), and Physiology and Biophysics (M.J.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia and Perfusion Medical, Inc. (L.K.L., G.E., M.J.M.), Reston, Virginia
| | - Jad Khoraki
- Departments of Surgery (L.K.L., J.K., R.L., C.A., J.B., R.D., M.J.M.), Respiratory Therapy (M.B.), and Physiology and Biophysics (M.J.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia and Perfusion Medical, Inc. (L.K.L., G.E., M.J.M.), Reston, Virginia
| | - Ru Li
- Departments of Surgery (L.K.L., J.K., R.L., C.A., J.B., R.D., M.J.M.), Respiratory Therapy (M.B.), and Physiology and Biophysics (M.J.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia and Perfusion Medical, Inc. (L.K.L., G.E., M.J.M.), Reston, Virginia
| | - Caitlin Archambault
- Departments of Surgery (L.K.L., J.K., R.L., C.A., J.B., R.D., M.J.M.), Respiratory Therapy (M.B.), and Physiology and Biophysics (M.J.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia and Perfusion Medical, Inc. (L.K.L., G.E., M.J.M.), Reston, Virginia
| | - John Bane
- Departments of Surgery (L.K.L., J.K., R.L., C.A., J.B., R.D., M.J.M.), Respiratory Therapy (M.B.), and Physiology and Biophysics (M.J.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia and Perfusion Medical, Inc. (L.K.L., G.E., M.J.M.), Reston, Virginia
| | - Rebecca Deitch
- Departments of Surgery (L.K.L., J.K., R.L., C.A., J.B., R.D., M.J.M.), Respiratory Therapy (M.B.), and Physiology and Biophysics (M.J.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia and Perfusion Medical, Inc. (L.K.L., G.E., M.J.M.), Reston, Virginia
| | - Michael Broadway
- Departments of Surgery (L.K.L., J.K., R.L., C.A., J.B., R.D., M.J.M.), Respiratory Therapy (M.B.), and Physiology and Biophysics (M.J.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia and Perfusion Medical, Inc. (L.K.L., G.E., M.J.M.), Reston, Virginia
| | - Gerard Eldering
- Departments of Surgery (L.K.L., J.K., R.L., C.A., J.B., R.D., M.J.M.), Respiratory Therapy (M.B.), and Physiology and Biophysics (M.J.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia and Perfusion Medical, Inc. (L.K.L., G.E., M.J.M.), Reston, Virginia
| | - Martin J Mangino
- Departments of Surgery (L.K.L., J.K., R.L., C.A., J.B., R.D., M.J.M.), Respiratory Therapy (M.B.), and Physiology and Biophysics (M.J.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia and Perfusion Medical, Inc. (L.K.L., G.E., M.J.M.), Reston, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Halvorson BD, Bao Y, Ward AD, Goldman D, Frisbee JC. Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Resistance Arteriolar Tone: Integration of Multiple Mechanisms. J Vasc Res 2023; 60:245-272. [PMID: 37769627 DOI: 10.1159/000533316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physiological system complexity represents an imposing challenge to gaining insight into how arteriolar behavior emerges. Further, mechanistic complexity in arteriolar tone regulation requires that a systematic determination of how these processes interact to alter vascular diameter be undertaken. METHODS The present study evaluated the reactivity of ex vivo proximal and in situ distal resistance arterioles in skeletal muscle with challenges across the full range of multiple physiologically relevant stimuli and determined the stability of responses over progressive alterations to each other parameter. The five parameters chosen for examination were (1) metabolism (adenosine concentration), (2) adrenergic activation (norepinephrine concentration), (3) myogenic activation (intravascular pressure), (4) oxygen (superfusate PO2), and (5) wall shear rate (altered intraluminal flow). Vasomotor tone of both arteriole groups following challenge with individual parameters was determined; subsequently, responses were determined following all two- and three-parameter combinations to gain deeper insight into how stimuli integrate to change arteriolar tone. A hierarchical ranking of stimulus significance for establishing arteriolar tone was performed using mathematical and statistical analyses in conjunction with machine learning methods. RESULTS Results were consistent across methods and indicated that metabolic and adrenergic influences were most robust and stable across all conditions. While the other parameters individually impact arteriolar tone, their impact can be readily overridden by the two dominant contributors. CONCLUSION These data suggest that mechanisms regulating arteriolar tone are strongly affected by acute changes to the local environment and that ongoing investigation into how microvessels integrate stimuli regulating tone will provide a more thorough understanding of arteriolar behavior emergence across physiological and pathological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brayden D Halvorson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron D Ward
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rubinoff I, Kuranov RV, Fang R, Ghassabi Z, Wang Y, Beckmann L, Miller DA, Wollstein G, Ishikawa H, Schuman JS, Zhang HF. Adaptive spectroscopic visible-light optical coherence tomography for clinical retinal oximetry. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:57. [PMID: 37095177 PMCID: PMC10126115 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal oxygen saturation (sO2) provides essential information about the eye's response to pathological changes that can result in vision loss. Visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) is a noninvasive tool that has the potential to measure retinal sO2 in a clinical setting. However, its reliability is currently limited by unwanted signals referred to as spectral contaminants (SCs), and a comprehensive strategy to isolate true oxygen-dependent signals from SCs in vis-OCT is lacking. METHODS We develop an adaptive spectroscopic vis-OCT (ADS-vis-OCT) technique that can adaptively remove SCs and accurately measure sO2 under the unique conditions of each vessel. We also validate the accuracy of ADS-vis-OCT using ex vivo blood phantoms and assess its repeatability in the retina of healthy volunteers. RESULTS In ex vivo blood phantoms, ADS-vis-OCT agrees with a blood gas machine with only a 1% bias in samples with sO2 ranging from 0% to 100%. In the human retina, the root mean squared error between sO2 values in major arteries measured by ADS-vis-OCT and a pulse oximeter is 2.1% across 18 research participants. Additionally, the standard deviations of repeated ADS-vis-OCT measurements of sO2 values in smaller arteries and veins are 2.5% and 2.3%, respectively. Non-adaptive methods do not achieve comparable repeatabilities from healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS ADS-vis-OCT effectively removes SCs from human images, yielding accurate and repeatable sO2 measurements in retinal arteries and veins with varying diameters. This work could have important implications for the clinical use of vis-OCT to manage eye diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Rubinoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Roman V Kuranov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Opticent Inc., Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Raymond Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zeinab Ghassabi
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Yuanbo Wang
- Currently with Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Lisa Beckmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - David A Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University, New York, NY, 10017, USA
- Currently with Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guette-Marquet S, Roques C, Bergel A. Direct electrochemical detection of trans-plasma membrane electron transfer: A possible alternative pathway for cell respiration. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Anderson GK, Rickards CA. The potential therapeutic benefits of low frequency haemodynamic oscillations. J Physiol 2022; 600:3905-3919. [PMID: 35883272 PMCID: PMC9444954 DOI: 10.1113/jp282605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemodynamic oscillations occurring at frequencies below the rate of respiration have been observed experimentally for more than a century. Much of the research regarding these oscillations, observed in arterial pressure and blood flow, has focused on mechanisms of generation and methods of quantification. However, examination of the physiological role of these oscillations has been limited. Multiple studies have demonstrated that oscillations in arterial pressure and blood flow are associated with the protection in tissue oxygenation or functional capillary density during conditions of reduced tissue perfusion. There is also evidence that oscillatory blood flow can improve clearance of interstitial fluid, with a growing number of studies demonstrating a role for oscillatory blood flow to aid in clearance of debris from the brain. The therapeutic potential of these haemodynamic oscillations is an important new area of research which may have beneficial impact in treating conditions such as stroke, cardiac arrest, blood loss injuries, sepsis, or even Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garen K Anderson
- Cerebral & Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Caroline A Rickards
- Cerebral & Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Afas KC, Goldman D. A two-layer continuously distributed capillary O 2 transport model applied to blood flow regulation in resting skeletal muscle. J Theor Biol 2022; 539:111058. [PMID: 35181287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The microcirculation is the site of direct oxygen transfer from blood to tissue, and also of oxygen delivery control via regulation of local blood flow. In addition, a number of diseases including type II diabetes mellitus (DMII) and sepsis are known to produce microcirculatory dysfunction in their early phases. Given the complexity of microvascular structure and physiology, and the difficulty of measuring tissue oxygenation at the micro-scale, mathematical modelling has been necessary for understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of O2 transport in the microcirculation and for interpreting in vivo experiments. To advance this area, a model of blood-tissue O2 transport in skeletal muscle was recently developed which uses continuously distributed capillaries and includes O2 diffusion, convection, and consumption. The present work extends this model to two adjacent layers of skeletal muscle with different blood flow rates and applies it to study steady-state O2 transport when flow regulation is stimulated using an O2 exchange chamber. To generate a model which may be validated through in vivo experiments, an overlying O2 permeable membrane is included. The model is solved using traditional methods including separation of variables and Fourier decomposition, and to ensure smooth profiles at the muscle-muscle and muscle-membrane interfaces matching conditions are developed. The study presents qualitative verification for the model, using visualizations of tissue PO2 distributions for varying capillary density (CD), and presents capillary velocity response values in the near layer for varying chamber PO2 under the assumption that outlet capillary O2 saturation is equalized between adjacent layers. These compensatory velocity profiles, along with effective 'no-flux' chamber PO2 values, are presented for varying CD and tissue O2 consumption values. Insights gained from the two-layer model provide guidance for interpreting and planning future in-vivo experiments, and also provide motivation for further development of the model to improve understanding of the interaction between O2 transport and blood flow regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Christian Afas
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, N6G1G8, Ontario, CA
| | - Daniel Goldman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, N6G1G8, Ontario, CA; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A5C1, Ontario, CA; Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A5C1, Ontario, CA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mendelson AA, Ho E, Scott S, Vijay R, Hunter T, Milkovich S, Ellis CG, Goldman D. Capillary module hemodynamics and mechanisms of blood flow regulation in skeletal muscle capillary networks: Experimental and computational analysis. J Physiol 2022; 600:1867-1888. [DOI: 10.1113/jp282342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asher A Mendelson
- Department of Medicine Section of Critical Care Medicine Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Edward Ho
- Department of Medical Biophysics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Shayla Scott
- Department of Medical Biophysics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Raashi Vijay
- Department of Medical Biophysics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Timothy Hunter
- Department of Medical Biophysics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Stephanie Milkovich
- Department of Medical Biophysics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London Ontario Canada
- Robarts Research Institute London Ontario Canada
| | - Christopher G Ellis
- Department of Medical Biophysics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London Ontario Canada
- Robarts Research Institute London Ontario Canada
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Department of Medical Biophysics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London Ontario Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering Western University London Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Slovis JC, Morgan RW, Kilbaugh TJ, Berg RA. Adrenaline effects on cerebral physiology during cardiac arrest: More to this story. Resuscitation 2021; 168:216-218. [PMID: 34560235 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Slovis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, United States
| | - Ryan W Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, United States
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, United States
| | - Robert A Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ortega MA, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Callejón-Peláez E, Sáez MA, Álvarez-Mon MA, García-Honduvilla N, Monserrat J, Álvarez-Mon M, Bujan J, Canals ML. A General Overview on the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Applications, Mechanisms and Translational Opportunities. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:864. [PMID: 34577787 PMCID: PMC8465921 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) consists of using of pure oxygen at increased pressure (in general, 2-3 atmospheres) leading to augmented oxygen levels in the blood (Hyperoxemia) and tissue (Hyperoxia). The increased pressure and oxygen bioavailability might be related to a plethora of applications, particularly in hypoxic regions, also exerting antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and angiogenic properties, among others. In this review, we will discuss in detail the physiological relevance of oxygen and the therapeutical basis of HBOT, collecting current indications and underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, potential areas of research will also be examined, including inflammatory and systemic maladies, COVID-19 and cancer. Finally, the adverse effects and contraindications associated with this therapy and future directions of research will be considered. Overall, we encourage further research in this field to extend the possible uses of this procedure. The inclusion of HBOT in future clinical research could be an additional support in the clinical management of multiple pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Callejón-Peláez
- Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine Service, Central University Hospital of Defence—UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Sáez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence—UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases—Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Canals
- ISM, IMHA Research Chair, Former of IMHA (International Maritime Health Association), 43001 Tarragona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lim D, Renteria ES, Sime DS, Ju YM, Kim JH, Criswell T, Shupe TD, Atala A, Marini FC, Gurcan MN, Soker S, Hunsberger J, Yoo JJ. Bioreactor design and validation for manufacturing strategies in tissue engineering. Biodes Manuf 2021; 5:43-63. [PMID: 35223131 PMCID: PMC8870603 DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer new therapeutic options to restore, maintain or improve tissue function following disease or injury. To maximize the biological function of a tissue-engineered clinical product, specific conditions must be maintained within a bioreactor to allow the maturation of the product in preparation for implantation. Specifically, the bioreactor should be designed to mimic the mechanical, electrochemical and biochemical environment that the product will be exposed to in vivo. Real-time monitoring of the functional capacity of tissue-engineered products during manufacturing is a critical component of the quality management process. The present review provides a brief overview of bioreactor engineering considerations. In addition, strategies for bioreactor automation, in-line product monitoring and quality assurance are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Eric S. Renteria
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Drake S. Sime
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Young Min Ju
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Tracy Criswell
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Thomas D. Shupe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Frank C. Marini
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Joshua Hunsberger
- RegenMed Development Organization (ReMDO), Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | - James J. Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mendelson AA, Milkovich S, Hunter T, Vijay R, Choi YH, Milkovich S, Ho E, Goldman D, Ellis CG. The capillary fascicle in skeletal muscle: Structural and functional physiology of RBC distribution in capillary networks. J Physiol 2021; 599:2149-2168. [PMID: 33595111 DOI: 10.1113/jp281172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The capillary module, consisting of parallel capillaries from arteriole to venule, is classically considered as the building block of complex capillary networks. In skeletal muscle, this structure fails to address how blood flow is regulated along the entire length of the synchronously contracting muscle fibres. Using intravital video microscopy of resting extensor digitorum longus muscle in rats, we demonstrated the capillary fascicle as a series of interconnected modules forming continuous columns that align naturally with the dimensions of the muscle fascicle. We observed structural heterogeneity for module topology, and functional heterogeneity in space and time for capillary-red blood cell (RBC) haemodynamics within a module and between modules. We found that module RBC haemodynamics were independent of module resistance, providing direct evidence for microvascular flow regulation at the level of the capillary module. The capillary fascicle is an updated paradigm for characterizing blood flow and RBC distribution in skeletal muscle capillary networks. ABSTRACT Capillary networks are the fundamental site of oxygen exchange in the microcirculation. The capillary module (CM), consisting of parallel capillaries from terminal arteriole (TA) to post-capillary venule (PCV), is classically considered as the building block of complex capillary networks. In skeletal muscle, this structure fails to address how blood flow is regulated along the entire length of the synchronously contracting muscle fibres, requiring co-ordination from numerous modules. It has previously been recognized that TAs and PCVs interact with multiple CMs, creating interconnected networks. Using label-free intravital video microscopy of resting extensor digitorum longus muscle in rats, we found that these networks form continuous columns of linked CMs spanning thousands of microns, herein denoted as the capillary fascicle (CF); this structure aligns naturally with the dimensions of the muscle fascicle. We measured capillary-red blood cell (RBC) haemodynamics and module topology (n = 9 networks, 327 modules, 1491 capillary segments). The average module had length 481 μm, width 157 μm and 9.51 parallel capillaries. We observed structural heterogeneity for CM topology, and functional heterogeneity in space and time for capillary-RBC haemodynamics within a module and between modules. There was no correlation between capillary RBC velocity and lineal density. A passive inverse relationship between module length and haemodynamics was remarkably absent, providing direct evidence for microvascular flow regulation at the level of the CM. In summary, the CF is an updated paradigm for characterizing RBC distribution in skeletal muscle, and strengthens the theory of capillary networks as major contributors to the signal that regulates capillary perfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asher A Mendelson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Stephanie Milkovich
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Hunter
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raashi Vijay
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaun Milkovich
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Ho
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G Ellis
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Celaya-Alcala JT, Lee GV, Smith AF, Li B, Sakadžić S, Boas DA, Secomb TW. Simulation of oxygen transport and estimation of tissue perfusion in extensive microvascular networks: Application to cerebral cortex. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:656-669. [PMID: 32501155 PMCID: PMC7922761 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20927100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced imaging techniques have made available extensive three-dimensional microvascular network structures. Simulation of oxygen transport by such networks requires information on blood flow rates and oxygen levels in vessels crossing boundaries of the imaged region, which is difficult to obtain experimentally. Here, a computational method is presented for estimating blood flow rates, oxygen levels, tissue perfusion and oxygen extraction, based on incomplete boundary conditions. Flow rates in all segments are estimated using a previously published method. Vessels crossing the region boundary are classified as arterioles, capillaries or venules. Oxygen levels in inflowing capillaries are assigned based on values in outflowing capillaries, and similarly for venules. Convective and diffusive oxygen transport is simulated. Contributions of each vessel to perfusion are computed in proportion to the decline in oxygen concentration along that vessel. For a vascular network in the mouse cerebral cortex, predicted tissue oxygen levels show a broad distribution, with 99% of tissue in the range of 20 to 80 mmHg under reference conditions, and steep gradients near arterioles. Perfusion and extraction estimates are consistent with experimental values. A 30% reduction in perfusion or a 30% increase in oxygen demand, relative to reference levels, is predicted to result in tissue hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace V Lee
- Program in Applied Mathematics,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Amy F Smith
- Department of Physiology, University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bohan Li
- Department of Mathematics,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for
Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for
Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy W Secomb
- Department of Mathematics,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Program in Applied Mathematics,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Physiology, University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kaczmarz S, Göttler J, Petr J, Hansen MB, Mouridsen K, Zimmer C, Hyder F, Preibisch C. Hemodynamic impairments within individual watershed areas in asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis by multimodal MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:380-396. [PMID: 32237952 PMCID: PMC7812517 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20912364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Improved understanding of complex hemodynamic impairments in asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) is crucial to better assess stroke risks. Multimodal MRI is ideal for measuring brain hemodynamics and has the potential to improve diagnostics and treatment selections. We applied MRI-based perfusion and oxygenation-sensitive imaging in ICAS with the hypothesis that the sensitivity to hemodynamic impairments will improve within individual watershed areas (iWSA). We studied cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF), oxygen extraction capacity (OEC) and capillary transit-time heterogeneity (CTH) in 29 patients with asymptomatic, unilateral ICAS (age 70.3 ± 7.0 y) and 30 age-matched healthy controls. In ICAS, we found significant impairments of CBF, CVR, rCBV, OEC, and CTH (strongest lateralization ΔCVR = -24%), but not of rOEF. Although the spatial overlap of compromised hemodynamic parameters within each patient varied in a complex manner, most pronounced changes of CBF, CVR and rCBV were detected within iWSAs (strongest effect ΔCVR = +117%). At the same time, CTH impairments were iWSA independent, indicating widespread dysfunction of capillary-level oxygen diffusivity. In summary, complementary MRI-based perfusion and oxygenation parameters offer deeper perspectives on complex microvascular impairments in individual patients. Furthermore, knowledge about iWSAs improves the sensitivity to hemodynamic impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kaczmarz
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,TUM Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,MRRC, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jens Göttler
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,TUM Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,MRRC, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Petr
- PET Center, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikkel Bo Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Mouridsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christine Preibisch
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,TUM Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Clinic for Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bahir B, S. Choudhery M, Hussain I. Hypoxic Preconditioning as a Strategy to Maintain the Regenerative Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Regen Med 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
16
|
Poole DC, Pittman RN, Musch TI, Østergaard L. August Krogh's theory of muscle microvascular control and oxygen delivery: a paradigm shift based on new data. J Physiol 2020; 598:4473-4507. [PMID: 32918749 DOI: 10.1113/jp279223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
August Krogh twice won the prestigious international Steegen Prize, for nitrogen metabolism (1906) and overturning the concept of active transport of gases across the pulmonary epithelium (1910). Despite this, at the beginning of 1920, the consummate experimentalist was relatively unknown worldwide and even among his own University of Copenhagen faculty. But, in early 1919, he had submitted three papers to Dr Langley, then editor of The Journal of Physiology in England. These papers coalesced anatomical observations of skeletal muscle capillary numbers with O2 diffusion theory to propose a novel active role for capillaries that explained the prodigious increase in blood-muscle O2 flux from rest to exercise. Despite his own appraisal of the first two papers as "rather dull" to his friend, the eminent Cambridge respiratory physiologist, Joseph Barcroft, Krogh believed that the third one, dealing with O2 supply and capillary regulation, was"interesting". These papers, which won Krogh an unopposed Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1920, form the foundation for this review. They single-handedly transformed the role of capillaries from passive conduit and exchange vessels, functioning at the mercy of their upstream arterioles, into independent contractile units that were predominantly closed at rest and opened actively during muscle contractions in a process he termed 'capillary recruitment'. Herein we examine Krogh's findings and some of the experimental difficulties he faced. In particular, the boundary conditions selected for his model (e.g. heavily anaesthetized animals, negligible intramyocyte O2 partial pressure, binary open-closed capillary function) have not withstood the test of time. Subsequently, we update the reader with intervening discoveries that underpin our current understanding of muscle microcirculatory control and place a retrospectroscope on Krogh's discoveries. The perspective is presented that the imprimatur of the Nobel Prize, in this instance, may have led scientists to discount compelling evidence. Much as he and Marie Krogh demonstrated that active transport of gases across the blood-gas barrier was unnecessary in the lung, capillaries in skeletal muscle do not open and close spontaneously or actively, nor is this necessary to account for the increase in blood-muscle O2 flux during exercise. Thus, a contemporary model of capillary function features most muscle capillaries supporting blood flow at rest, and, rather than capillaries actively vasodilating from rest to exercise, increased blood-myocyte O2 flux occurs predominantly via elevating red blood cell and plasma flux in already flowing capillaries. Krogh is lauded for his brilliance as an experimentalist and for raising scientific questions that led to fertile avenues of investigation, including the study of microvascular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Poole
- Departments of Kinesiology and Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University Manhattan, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Roland N Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23298-0551, USA
| | - Timothy I Musch
- Departments of Kinesiology and Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University Manhattan, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The oxygen levels organ and tissue microenvironments vary depending on the distance of their vasculature from the left ventricle of the heart. For instance, the oxygen levels of lymph nodes and the spleen are significantly lower than that in atmospheric air. Cellular detection of oxygen and their response to low oxygen levels can exert a significant impact on virus infection. Generally, viruses that naturally infect well-oxygenated organs are less able to infect cells under hypoxic conditions. Conversely, viruses that infect organs under lower oxygen tensions thrive under hypoxic conditions. This suggests that in vitro experiments performed exclusively under atmospheric conditions ignores oxygen-induced modifications in both host and viral responses. Here, we review the mechanisms of how cells adapt to low oxygen tensions and its impact on viral infections. With growing evidence supporting the role of oxygen microenvironments in viral infections, this review highlights the importance of factoring oxygen concentrations into in vitro assay conditions. Bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo oxygen tensions would allow for more physiologically representative insights into viral pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Shuyi Gan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Madhloum N, Luyten LJ, Provost EB, De Boever P, Dockx Y, Sleurs H, Plusquin M, Roodt JO, Vrijens K, Nawrot TS. Establishing reference values for macro- and microvascular measurements in 4-to-5 year-old children of the ENVIRONAGE prospective birth cohort. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5107. [PMID: 32198402 PMCID: PMC7083909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk factors are usually better tolerated, and can therefore be perceived as less harmful, at a young age. However, over time the effects of these adverse factors may persist or accumulate and lead to excess morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases later in life. Until now, reference values for the basic cardiovascular health characteristics of 4-to-6 year-old children are lacking. Within a follow-up study of the ENVIRONAGE (ENVIRonmental influence ON early AGE) birth cohort we assessed various cardiovascular measurements in 288 children aged 4–5 years. For the macrovasculature, we measured their blood pressure and examined the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery (CIMT), the arterial elasticity (including the pulse-wave velocity (PWV), carotid distensibility (DC) and compliance (CC) coefficients), the carotid β stiffness index (SIβ) and Young’s Elastic Modulus (YEM). Retinal microvascular traits included the Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent (CRAE) and Central Retinal Venular Equivalent (CRVE). Age of the study population averaged (±SD) 4.2 (±0.4 years. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 97.9 (±8.1) mmHg and 54.7(±7.6) mmHg, respectively. CIMT for the total population averaged 487.1 (±68.1) µm. The average stiffness values for DC, CC, SIβ, and PWV were 78.7 (±34.2) 10−³/kPa, 1.61 (±0.59) mm2/kPa and 4.4 (±2.4), and 3.7 m/s (±0.9) respectively. The mean determined for YEM was 163.2 kPa (±79.9). Concerning the microvasculature, the average CRAE was 180.9 (±14.2) µm and the corresponding value for CRVE was 251.0 (±19.7) µm. In contrast to the macrovasculature, a significant gender-related difference existed for the microvasculature: in boys, both the CRAE (178.8 µm vs 182.6 µm; p = 0.03) and CRVE (247.9 µm vs 254.0 µm; p = 0.01) were narrower than in girls. We have provided reference values for young children to understand changes in the early cardiovascular health trajectory. Establishing these reference values of cardiovascular phenotypes at this young age is necessary to develop targeted health promotion strategies as well as for better understanding of the life course changes of both small and large blood vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Madhloum
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Leen J Luyten
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), Namur University, Namur, Belgium
| | - Eline B Provost
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Yinthe Dockx
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Hanne Sleurs
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jos Op't Roodt
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium. .,Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Aging is the progressive decline of physiological functions necessary for survival and reproduction. In gaining a better understanding of the inevitable aging process, the hope is to preserve, promote, or delay healthy aging through the treatment of common age-associated diseases. Although there are theories that try to explain the aging process, none of them seem to fully satisfy. Microcirculation describes blood flow through the capillaries in the circulatory system. The main functions of the microcirculation are the delivery of oxgen and nutrients and the removal of CO2, metabolic debris, and toxins. The microcirculatory impairment or dysfunction over time will result in the accumulation of toxic products and CO2 and loss of nutrition supplementation and O2 in corresponding tissue systems or internal organs, which eventually affect normal tissue and organ functions, leading to aging. Therefore, I propose a microcirculatory theory of aging: aging is the process of continuous impairment of microcirculation in the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX 76107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Culture in 10% O 2 enhances the production of active hormones in neuro-endocrine cells by up-regulating the expression of processing enzymes. Biochem J 2019; 476:827-842. [PMID: 30787050 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To closely mimic physiological conditions, low oxygen cultures have been employed in stem cell and cancer research. Although in vivo oxygen concentrations in tissues are often much lower than ambient 21% O2 (ranging from 3.6 to 12.8% O2), most cell cultures are maintained at 21% O2 To clarify the effects of the O2 culture concentration on the regulated secretion of peptide hormones in neuro-endocrine cells, we examined the changes in the storage and release of peptide hormones in neuro-endocrine cell lines and endocrine tissues cultured in a relatively lower O2 concentration. In both AtT-20 cells derived from the mouse anterior pituitary and freshly prepared mouse pituitaries cultured in 10% O2 for 24 h, the storage and regulated secretion of the mature peptide hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone were significantly increased compared with those in cells and pituitaries cultured in ambient 21% O2, whereas its precursor proopiomelanocortin was not increased in the cells and tissues after being cultured in 10% O2 Simultaneously, the prohormone-processing enzymes PC1/3 and carboxypeptidase E were up-regulated in cells cultured in 10% O2, thus facilitating the conversion of prohormones to their active form. Similarly, culturing the mouse β-cell line MIN6 and islet tissue in 10% O2 also significantly increased the conversion of proinsulin into mature insulin, which was secreted in a regulated manner. These results suggest that culture under 10% O2 is more optimal for endocrine tissues/cells to efficiently generate and secrete active peptide hormones than ambient 21% O2.
Collapse
|
21
|
Relevance of Oxygen Concentration in Stem Cell Culture for Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051195. [PMID: 30857245 PMCID: PMC6429522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The key hallmark of stem cells is their ability to self-renew while keeping a differentiation potential. Intrinsic and extrinsic cell factors may contribute to a decline in these stem cell properties, and this is of the most importance when culturing them. One of these factors is oxygen concentration, which has been closely linked to the maintenance of stemness. The widely used environmental 21% O2 concentration represents a hyperoxic non-physiological condition, which can impair stem cell behaviour by many mechanisms. The goal of this review is to understand these mechanisms underlying the oxygen signalling pathways and their negatively-associated consequences. This may provide a rationale for culturing stem cells under physiological oxygen concentration for stem cell therapy success, in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
22
|
Keeley TP, Mann GE. Defining Physiological Normoxia for Improved Translation of Cell Physiology to Animal Models and Humans. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:161-234. [PMID: 30354965 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2 ~21 kPa) and its ultimate distribution within mitochondria (as low as ~0.5-1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended in limiting its inherent toxicity. It has long been recognized that cell culture undertaken under room air conditions falls short of replicating this protection in vitro. Despite this, difficulty in accurately determining the appropriate O2 levels in which to culture cells, coupled with a lack of the technology to replicate and maintain a physiological O2 environment in vitro, has hindered addressing this issue thus far. In this review, we aim to address the current understanding of tissue Po2 distribution in vivo and summarize the attempts made to replicate these conditions in vitro. The state-of-the-art techniques employed to accurately determine O2 levels, as well as the issues associated with reproducing physiological O2 levels in vitro, are also critically reviewed. We aim to provide the framework for researchers to undertake cell culture under O2 levels relevant to specific tissues and organs. We envisage that this review will facilitate a paradigm shift, enabling translation of findings under physiological conditions in vitro to disease pathology and the design of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Keeley
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hirai DM, Colburn TD, Craig JC, Hotta K, Kano Y, Musch TI, Poole DC. Skeletal muscle interstitial O 2 pressures: bridging the gap between the capillary and myocyte. Microcirculation 2018; 26:e12497. [PMID: 30120845 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen transport pathway from air to mitochondria involves a series of transfer steps within closely integrated systems (pulmonary, cardiovascular, and tissue metabolic). Small and finite O2 stores in most mammalian species require exquisitely controlled changes in O2 flux rates to support elevated ATP turnover. This is especially true for the contracting skeletal muscle where O2 requirements may increase two orders of magnitude above rest. This brief review focuses on the mechanistic bases for increased microvascular blood-myocyte O2 flux (V̇O2 ) from rest to contractions. Fick's law dictates that V̇O2 elevations driven by muscle contractions are produced by commensurate changes in driving force (ie, O2 pressure gradients; ΔPO2 ) and/or effective diffusing capacity (DO2 ). While previous evidence indicates that increased DO2 helps modulate contracting muscle O2 flux, up until recently the role of the dynamic ΔPO2 across the capillary wall was unknown. Recent phosphorescence quenching investigations of both microvascular and novel interstitial PO2 kinetics in health have resolved an important step in the O2 cascade between the capillary and myocyte. Specifically, the significant transmural ΔPO2 at rest was sustained (but not increased) during submaximal contractions. This supports the contention that the blood-myocyte interface provides a substantial effective resistance to O2 diffusion and underscores that modulations in erythrocyte hemodynamics and distribution (DO2 ) are crucial to preserve the driving force for O2 flux across the capillary wall (ΔPO2 ) during contractions. Investigation of the O2 transport pathway close to muscle mitochondria is key to identifying disease mechanisms and develop therapeutic approaches to ameliorate dysfunction and exercise intolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Hirai
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Trenton D Colburn
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Jesse C Craig
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Kazuki Hotta
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Timothy I Musch
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - David C Poole
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hirai DM, Craig JC, Colburn TD, Eshima H, Kano Y, Sexton WL, Musch TI, Poole DC. Skeletal muscle microvascular and interstitial PO2 from rest to contractions. J Physiol 2018; 596:869-883. [PMID: 29288568 DOI: 10.1113/jp275170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Oxygen pressure gradients across the microvascular walls are essential for oxygen diffusion from blood to tissue cells. At any given flux, the magnitude of these transmural gradients is proportional to the local resistance. The greatest resistance to oxygen transport into skeletal muscle is considered to reside in the short distance between red blood cells and myocytes. Although crucial to oxygen transport, little is known about transmural pressure gradients within skeletal muscle during contractions. We evaluated oxygen pressures within both the skeletal muscle microvascular and interstitial spaces to determine transmural gradients during the rest-contraction transient in anaesthetized rats. The significant transmural gradient observed at rest was sustained during submaximal muscle contractions. Our findings support that the blood-myocyte interface provides substantial resistance to oxygen diffusion at rest and during contractions and suggest that modulations in microvascular haemodynamics and red blood cell distribution constitute primary mechanisms driving increased transmural oxygen flux with contractions. ABSTRACT Oxygen pressure (PO2) gradients across the blood-myocyte interface are required for diffusive O2 transport, thereby supporting oxidative metabolism. The greatest resistance to O2 flux into skeletal muscle is considered to reside between the erythrocyte surface and adjacent sarcolemma, although this has not been measured during contractions. We tested the hypothesis that O2 gradients between skeletal muscle microvascular (PO2 mv ) and interstitial (PO2 is ) spaces would be present at rest and maintained or increased during contractions. PO2 mv and PO2 is were determined via phosphorescence quenching (Oxyphor probes G2 and G4, respectively) in the exposed rat spinotrapezius during the rest-contraction transient (1 Hz, 6 V; n = 8). PO2 mv was higher than PO2 is in all instances from rest (34.9 ± 6.0 versus 15.7 ± 6.4) to contractions (28.4 ± 5.3 versus 10.6 ± 5.2 mmHg, respectively) such that the mean PO2 gradient throughout the transient was 16.9 ± 6.6 mmHg (P < 0.05 for all). No differences in the amplitude of PO2 fall with contractions were observed between the microvasculature and interstitium (10.9 ± 2.3 versus 9.0 ± 3.5 mmHg, respectively; P > 0.05). However, the speed of the PO2 is fall during contractions was slower than that of PO2 mv (time constant: 12.8 ± 4.7 versus 9.0 ± 5.1 s, respectively; P < 0.05). Consistent with our hypothesis, a significant transmural gradient was sustained (but not increased) from rest to contractions. This supports that the blood-myocyte interface is the site of a substantial PO2 gradient driving O2 diffusion during metabolic transients. Based on Fick's law, elevated O2 flux with contractions must thus rely primarily on modulations in effective diffusing capacity (mainly erythrocyte haemodynamics and distribution) as the PO2 gradient is not increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Hirai
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jesse C Craig
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Trenton D Colburn
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - William L Sexton
- Department of Physiology, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Timothy I Musch
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - David C Poole
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The microvasculature plays a central role in the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock and is also involved in arguably all therapeutic attempts to reverse or minimize the adverse consequences of shock. Microvascular studies specific to hemorrhagic shock were reviewed and broadly grouped depending on whether data were obtained on animal or human subjects. Dedicated sections were assigned to microcirculatory changes in specific organs, and major categories of pathophysiological alterations and mechanisms such as oxygen distribution, ischemia, inflammation, glycocalyx changes, vasomotion, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulopathy as well as biomarkers and some therapeutic strategies. Innovative experimental methods were also reviewed for quantitative microcirculatory assessment as it pertains to changes during hemorrhagic shock. The text and figures include representative quantitative microvascular data obtained in various organs and tissues such as skin, muscle, lung, liver, brain, heart, kidney, pancreas, intestines, and mesentery from various species including mice, rats, hamsters, sheep, swine, bats, and humans. Based on reviewed findings, a new integrative conceptual model is presented that includes about 100 systemic and local factors linked to microvessels in hemorrhagic shock. The combination of systemic measures with the understanding of these processes at the microvascular level is fundamental to further develop targeted and personalized interventions that will reduce tissue injury, organ dysfunction, and ultimately mortality due to hemorrhagic shock. Published 2018. Compr Physiol 8:61-101, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Torres Filho
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zeller-Plumhoff B, Roose T, Clough GF, Schneider P. Image-based modelling of skeletal muscle oxygenation. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:rsif.2016.0992. [PMID: 28202595 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The supply of oxygen in sufficient quantity is vital for the correct functioning of all organs in the human body, in particular for skeletal muscle during exercise. Disease is often associated with both an inhibition of the microvascular supply capability and is thought to relate to changes in the structure of blood vessel networks. Different methods exist to investigate the influence of the microvascular structure on tissue oxygenation, varying over a range of application areas, i.e. biological in vivo and in vitro experiments, imaging and mathematical modelling. Ideally, all of these methods should be combined within the same framework in order to fully understand the processes involved. This review discusses the mathematical models of skeletal muscle oxygenation currently available that are based upon images taken of the muscle microvasculature in vivo and ex vivo Imaging systems suitable for capturing the blood vessel networks are discussed and respective contrasting methods presented. The review further informs the association between anatomical characteristics in health and disease. With this review we give the reader a tool to understand and establish the workflow of developing an image-based model of skeletal muscle oxygenation. Finally, we give an outlook for improvements needed for measurements and imaging techniques to adequately investigate the microvascular capability for oxygen exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Zeller-Plumhoff
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung, Geesthacht, Germany .,Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - T Roose
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G F Clough
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Schneider
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Arena ET, Tinevez JY, Nigro G, Sansonetti PJ, Marteyn BS. The infectious hypoxia: occurrence and causes during Shigella infection. Microbes Infect 2016; 19:157-165. [PMID: 27884799 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is defined as a tissue oxygenation status below physiological needs. During Shigella infection, an infectious hypoxia is induced within foci of infection. In this review, we discuss how Shigella physiology and virulence are modulated and how the main recruited immune cells, the neutrophils, adapt to this environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Arena
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Institut Pasteur, Citech, Imagopole, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Giulia Nigro
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Collège de France, 11 Place Marcellin Berthelot, F-75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Benoit S Marteyn
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shi Q, Liu X, Wang N, Zheng X, Fu J, Zheng J. Nitric oxide from brain microvascular endothelial cells may initiate the compensatory response to mild hypoxia of astrocytes in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α dependent manner. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4735-4749. [PMID: 27904676 PMCID: PMC5126318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The physiological level of nitric oxide (NO) released by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) at normoxia can block the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in astrocytes and initiate the compensatory response to hypoxia. However, it is unclear whether this occurs at mild hypoxia. This study was to investigate the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and LDHA and the lactic acid production in astrocytes with or without co-culture with BMECs after mild hypoxia exposure. During mild hypoxia (5% O2), exogenous NO blocked the degradation of HIF-1α in astrocytes but up-regulated the transcription of VEGF and LDHA, accompanied by elevated expression of VEGF protein and increased production of lactic acid. This was further confirmed by silencing of HIF-1α expression in astrocytes. In astrocytes co-cultured with primary rat BMEC under mild hypoxia, NO was released by the BMECs and prevented the degradation of HIF-1α in astrocytes, leading to the up-regulated mRNA expression of VEGF and LDHA, elevated VEGF protein expression and increased production of lactic acid. In BMECs, NO was derived from intracellular eNOS. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that, under mild hypoxia, even though astrocytes do not respond to hypoxia, NO produced by BMECs may transmit a hypoxia signal to astrocytes, triggering their adaptive response via HIF-1α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Shi
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinchuan Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianfeng Fu
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military RegionUrumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Latroche C, Gitiaux C, Chrétien F, Desguerre I, Mounier R, Chazaud B. Skeletal Muscle Microvasculature: A Highly Dynamic Lifeline. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 30:417-27. [PMID: 26525341 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00026.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is highly irrigated by blood vessels. Beyond oxygen and nutrient supply, new vessel functions have been identified. This review presents vessel microanatomy and functions at tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Mechanisms of vessel plasticity are described during skeletal muscle development and acute regeneration, and in physiological and pathological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Latroche
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Gitiaux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- CGPhyMC, CNRS UMR5534, Villeurbanne, France; and Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; CGPhyMC, CNRS UMR5534, Villeurbanne, France; and Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Anoxia and glucose supplementation preserve neutrophil viability and function. Blood 2016; 128:993-1002. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-680918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Anoxia combined with glucose supplementation maintains viability of neutrophils for 20 hours without affecting their functions. Such conditioned neutrophils are suitable for efficient DNA transfection and transfusion.
Collapse
|
31
|
Cox GK, Kennedy GE, Farrell AP. Morphological arrangement of the coronary vasculature in a shark (Squalus sucklei) and a teleost (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Morphol 2016; 277:896-905. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina K. Cox
- Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Gemma E. Kennedy
- Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Anthony P. Farrell
- Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen J, Gomez JA, Höffner K, Phalak P, Barton PI, Henson MA. Spatiotemporal modeling of microbial metabolism. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:21. [PMID: 26932448 PMCID: PMC4774267 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial systems in which the extracellular environment varies both spatially and temporally are very common in nature and in engineering applications. While the use of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions for steady-state flux balance analysis (FBA) and extensions for dynamic FBA are common, the development of spatiotemporal metabolic models has received little attention. RESULTS We present a general methodology for spatiotemporal metabolic modeling based on combining genome-scale reconstructions with fundamental transport equations that govern the relevant convective and/or diffusional processes in time and spatially varying environments. Our solution procedure involves spatial discretization of the partial differential equation model followed by numerical integration of the resulting system of ordinary differential equations with embedded linear programs using DFBAlab, a MATLAB code that performs reliable and efficient dynamic FBA simulations. We demonstrate our methodology by solving spatiotemporal metabolic models for two systems of considerable practical interest: (1) a bubble column reactor with the syngas fermenting bacterium Clostridium ljungdahlii; and (2) a chronic wound biofilm with the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Despite the complexity of the discretized models which consist of 900 ODEs/600 LPs and 250 ODEs/250 LPs, respectively, we show that the proposed computational framework allows efficient and robust model solution. CONCLUSIONS Our study establishes a new paradigm for formulating and solving genome-scale metabolic models with both time and spatial variations and has wide applicability to natural and engineered microbial systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Way, Life Science Laboratories Building, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Jose A Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Process Systems Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Kai Höffner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Process Systems Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Poonam Phalak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Way, Life Science Laboratories Building, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Paul I Barton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Process Systems Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Michael A Henson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Way, Life Science Laboratories Building, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu CY, Matsusaki M, Akashi M. Three-Dimensional Tissue Models Constructed by Cells with Nanometer- or Micrometer-Sized Films on the Surfaces. CHEM REC 2016; 16:783-96. [PMID: 26924465 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Living tissues or organ modules consist of different types of highly organized cells and extracellular matrices (ECMs) in a hierarchical manner, such as the multilayered structure of blood vessels and the radial structures of hepatic lobules. Due to animal examinations being banned in the EU since 2013 and a shortage in the demand for tissue repair or organ transplantation, the creation of artificial 3D tissues possessing specific structures and functions similar to natural tissues are key challenges in tissue engineering. To date, we have developed a simple but unique bottom-up approach, a hierarchical cell manipulation technique, with a nanometer-sized ECM matrix consisting of fibronectin (FN) and gelatin (G) on cell surfaces. About 10 nm thick FN/G ECM films on cell surfaces were coated successfully by using layer-by-layer coating methodology. Various 3D constructs with higher cell density with different types of cells were successfully constructed. In addition to the construction of tissues with higher cell densities, other tissues, such as cartilage or skin tissues, with different cell densities are also important tissue models for tissue engineering and pharmaceutical industries. Thus, we recently developed other methodologies, the collagen coating method and multiple coating method, to fabricate micrometer-sized level ECM layers on cell surfaces. Various micro- or millimeter-sized 3D constructs with lower cell densities were constructed successfully. By using these two methods, cell distances in 2D or 3D views can be controlled by different thicknesses of ECM layers on cell surfaces at the single-cell level. Both FN/G and the collagen coating method resulted in homogenous 3D tissues with a controlled layer numbers, cell type, cell location, and properties; these will be promising to achieve different goals in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Benedik PS, Hamlin SK. The physiologic role of erythrocytes in oxygen delivery and implications for blood storage. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2016; 26:325-35. [PMID: 25169686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are not just oxygen delivery devices but play an active metabolic role in modulating microvascular blood flow. Hemoglobin and red blood cell morphology change as local oxygen levels fall, eliciting the release of adenosine triphosphate and nitric oxide to initiate local vasodilation. Aged erythrocytes undergo physical and functional changes such that some of the red cell's most physiologically helpful attributes are diminished. This article reviews the functional anatomy and applied physiology of the erythrocyte and the microcirculation with an emphasis on how erythrocytes modulate microvascular function. The effects of cell storage on the metabolic functions of the erythrocyte are also briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penelope S Benedik
- Department of Acute and Continuing Care, School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6901 Bertner Street, SON 682, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shannan K Hamlin
- Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin, MGJ 11-017, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Østergaard L, Granfeldt A, Secher N, Tietze A, Iversen NK, Jensen MS, Andersen KK, Nagenthiraja K, Gutiérrez‐Lizardi P, Mouridsen K, Jespersen SN, Tønnesen EK. Microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue oxygenation in critical illness. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2015; 59:1246-59. [PMID: 26149711 PMCID: PMC4758388 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe sepsis is defined by organ failure, often of the kidneys, heart, and brain. It has been proposed that inadequate delivery of oxygen, or insufficient extraction of oxygen in tissue, may explain organ failure. Despite adequate maintenance of systemic oxygen delivery in septic patients, their morbidity and mortality remain high. The assumption that tissue oxygenation can be preserved by maintaining its blood supply follows from physiological models that only apply to tissue with uniformly perfused capillaries. In sepsis, the microcirculation is profoundly disturbed, and the blood supply of individual organs may therefore no longer reflect their access to oxygen. We review how capillary flow patterns affect oxygen extraction efficacy in tissue, and how the regulation of tissue blood flow must be adjusted to meet the metabolic needs of the tissue as capillary flows become disturbed as observed in critical illness. Using the brain, heart, and kidney as examples, we discuss whether disturbed capillary flow patterns might explain the apparent mismatch between organ blood flow and organ function in sepsis. Finally, we discuss diagnostic means of detecting capillary flow disturbance in animal models and in critically ill patients, and address therapeutic strategies that might improve tissue oxygenation by modifying capillary flow patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Østergaard
- Department of Neuroradiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - A. Granfeldt
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - N. Secher
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - A. Tietze
- Department of Neuroradiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - N. K. Iversen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - M. S. Jensen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - K. K. Andersen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - K. Nagenthiraja
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - P. Gutiérrez‐Lizardi
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Monterrey Monterrey Mexico
- Critical Care College of Nuevo León Monterrey Mexico
| | - K. Mouridsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - S. N. Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - E. K. Tønnesen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Three-Dimensional Modelling inside a Differential Pressure Laminar Flow Bioreactor Filled with Porous Media. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:320280. [PMID: 26301245 PMCID: PMC4537716 DOI: 10.1155/2015/320280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics- (CFD-) model based on a differential pressure laminar flow bioreactor prototype was developed to further examine performance under changing culture conditions. Cell growth inside scaffolds was simulated by decreasing intrinsic permeability values and led to pressure build-up in the upper culture chamber. Pressure release by an integrated bypass system allowed continuation of culture. The specific shape of the bioreactor culture vessel supported a homogenous flow profile and mass flux at the scaffold level at various scaffold permeabilities. Experimental data showed an increase in oxygen concentration measured inside a collagen scaffold seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells when cultured in the perfusion bioreactor after 24 h compared to static culture in a Petri dish (dynamic: 11% O2 versus static: 3% O2). Computational fluid simulation can support design of bioreactor systems for tissue engineering application.
Collapse
|
38
|
Balestra GM, Aalders MCG, Specht PAC, Ince C, Mik EG. Oxygenation measurement by multi-wavelength oxygen-dependent phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence: catchment depth and application in intact heart. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:615-628. [PMID: 25250821 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen delivery and metabolism represent key factors for organ function in health and disease. We describe the optical key characteristics of a technique to comprehensively measure oxygen tension (PO(2)) in myocardium, using oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of porphyrins, by means of Monte Carlo simulations and ex vivo experiments. Oxyphor G2 (microvascular PO(2)) was excited at 442 nm and 632 nm and protoporphyrin IX (mitochondrial PO(2)) at 510 nm. This resulted in catchment depths of 161 (86) µm, 350 (307) µm and 262 (255) µm respectively, as estimated by Monte Carlo simulations and ex vivo experiments (brackets). The feasibility to detect changes in oxygenation within separate anatomical compartments is demonstrated in rat heart in vivo. Schematic of ex vivo measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco M Balestra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Intensive Care, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice C G Aalders
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia A C Specht
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert G Mik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
ZHAO NING, IRAMINA KEIJI, CHEN XIAN. A 3D COUPLED MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE GROWTH OF AVASCULAR SOLID TUMOR. J MECH MED BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519415500244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We develop a coupled mathematical model of avascular tumor growth based on porous media mechanics. This comprises of the migration of tumor cells (TCs), the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), the transport of matrix-degrading enzymes (MDEs), the seepage of tissue fluid and the supplement and consumption of oxygen. The simulation that a solid tumor grows in the micro-environment composed of the pre-existing capillaries and the surrounding tissues, and the specific property of varying porosity with the growth of TCs in a tumor micro-environment are taken into account. We propose functional coefficients for fluid seepage and oxygen diffusion, and incorporate the convection–diffusion of oxygen and the convection of MDEs. From this modified model the main findings include: first, a solid tumor originating in the inlet region undergoes necrosis in the outlet region because of a low supply of oxygen, while a solid tumor originating in the outlet region undergoes necrosis at the primary site because of overconsumption of oxygen; second, tumors further from capillaries grow faster than tumors close to adjacent capillaries; third, the pre-existing capillaries cause some impact to the transport of those chemical factors involved in tumor growth, and further affect tumor migration and necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- NING ZHAO
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - KEIJI IRAMINA
- Department of Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - XIAN CHEN
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Weyand B, Nöhre M, Schmälzlin E, Stolz M, Israelowitz M, Gille C, von Schroeder HP, Reimers K, Vogt PM. Noninvasive Oxygen Monitoring in Three-Dimensional Tissue Cultures Under Static and Dynamic Culture Conditions. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:266-77. [PMID: 26309802 PMCID: PMC4497672 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new method for noninvasive real-time oxygen measurement inside three-dimensional tissue-engineered cell constructs in static and dynamic culture settings in a laminar flow bioreactor. The OPAL system (optical oxygen measurement system) determines the oxygen-dependent phosphorescence lifetime of spherical microprobes and uses a two-frequency phase-modulation technique, which fades out the interference of background fluorescence from the cell carrier and culture medium. Higher cell densities in the centrum of the scaffolds correlated with lower values of oxygen concentration obtained with the OPAL system. When scaffolds were placed in the bioreactor, higher oxygen values were measured compared to statically cultured scaffolds in a Petri dish, which were significantly different at day 1-3 of culture. This technique allows the use of signal-weak microprobes in biological environments and monitors the culture process inside a bioreactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Weyand
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - Mariel Nöhre
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Herb P von Schroeder
- Biomimetics Technologies, Inc. , Toronto, Canada . ; University Hand Program and Bone Lab, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Kerstin Reimers
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter M Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zeng Y, Liu Y, Shang J, Ma J, Wang R, Deng L, Guo Y, Zhong F, Bai M, Zhang S, Wu D. Phosphorescence monitoring of hypoxic microenvironment in solid-tumors to evaluate chemotherapeutic effects using the hypoxia-sensitive iridium (III) coordination compound. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121293. [PMID: 25786221 PMCID: PMC4365010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To utilize phosphorescence to monitor hypoxic microenvironment in solid-tumors and investigate cancer chemotherapeutic effects in vivo. Methods A hypoxia-sensitive probe named BTP was used to monitor hypoxic microenvironment in solid-tumors. The low-dose metronomic treatment with cisplatin was used in anti-angiogenetic chemotherapeutic programs. The phosphorescence properties of BTP were detected by a spectrofluorometer. BTP cytotoxicity utilized cell necrosis and apoptosis, which were evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion and Hoechst33342 plus propidium iodide assays. Tumor-bearing mouse models of colon adenocarcinoma were used for tumor imaging in vivo. Monitoring of the hypoxic microenvironment in tumors was performed with a Maestro 2 fluorescence imaging system. Tumor tissues in each group were harvested regularly and treated with pathological hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining to confirm imaging results. Results BTP did not feature obvious cytotoxicity for cells, and tumor growth in low-dose metronomic cisplatin treated mice was significantly inhibited by chemotherapy. Hypoxic levels significantly increased due to cisplatin, as proven by the expression level of related proteins. Phosphorescence intensity in the tumors of mice in the cisplatin group was stronger and showed higher contrast than that in tumors of saline treated mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jin Shang
- Radiology Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Radiology Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Lei Deng
- Radiology Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Youmin Guo
- Radiology Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhong
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mingfeng Bai
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shaojuan Zhang
- Radiology Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SZ); (DW)
| | - Daocheng Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (DW)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
ZHAO NING, IRAMINA KEIJI. A MATHEMATICAL COUPLED MODEL OF OXYGEN TRANSPORT IN THE MICROCIRCULATION: THE EFFECT OF CONVECTION–DIFFUSION ON OXYGEN TRANSPORT. J MECH MED BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519415500037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper is aimed at examining the effect of convection–diffusion on oxygen transport at the micro-level. A coupled model of the convection–diffusion and molecular diffusion of oxygen is developed, and the solid deformation resulting from capillary fluctuations and the seepage of tissue fluid are incorporated into this model. The results indicate that (1) the oxygen concentration calculated from this coupled model is higher than that given by molecular diffusion models, both within the capillaries and tissue (maximum difference of 16%); (2) convection–diffusion has the greatest effect in tissue surrounding the middle of the capillary, and enhances the amount of oxygen transported to cells far from the oxygen source; (3) larger permeability coefficients or smaller diffusion coefficients produce a more obvious convection–diffusion effect; (4) a counter-current flow occurs near the inlet and outlet ends of the capillary. This model also provides a foundation for the study of how oxygen affects tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- NING ZHAO
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - KEIJI IRAMINA
- Department of Informatics, Graduate School of Information, Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
CHEN CH, CHIANG CJ, WU LC, YANG CH, KUO YJ, TSAI TH. In vitro Penetration and in vivo Distribution of Honokiol into the Intervertebral Disc in Rat. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:1297-302. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsien CHEN
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming University
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University
| | - Chang-Jung CHIANG
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University
| | - Lien-Chen WU
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University
| | - Chih-Hong YANG
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University
| | - Yi-Jie KUO
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University
| | - Tung-Hu TSAI
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming University
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ngo JP, Kar S, Kett MM, Gardiner BS, Pearson JT, Smith DW, Ludbrook J, Bertram JF, Evans RG. Vascular geometry and oxygen diffusion in the vicinity of artery-vein pairs in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1111-22. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00382.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal arterial-to-venous (AV) oxygen shunting limits oxygen delivery to renal tissue. To better understand how oxygen in arterial blood can bypass renal tissue, we quantified the radial geometry of AV pairs and how it differs according to arterial diameter and anatomic location. We then estimated diffusion of oxygen in the vicinity of arteries of typical geometry using a computational model. The kidneys of six rats were perfusion fixed, and the vasculature was filled with silicone rubber (Microfil). A single section was chosen from each kidney, and all arteries ( n = 1,628) were identified. Intrarenal arteries were largely divisible into two “types,” characterized by the presence or absence of a close physical relationship with a paired vein. Arteries with a close physical relationship with a paired vein were more likely to have a larger rather than smaller diameter, and more likely to be in the inner-cortex than the mid- or outer cortex. Computational simulations indicated that direct diffusion of oxygen from an artery to a paired vein can only occur when the two vessels have a close physical relationship. However, even in the absence of this close relationship oxygen can diffuse from an artery to periarteriolar capillaries and venules. Thus AV oxygen shunting in the proximal preglomerular circulation is dominated by direct diffusion of oxygen to a paired vein. In the distal preglomerular circulation, it may be sustained by diffusion of oxygen from arteries to capillaries and venules close to the artery wall, which is subsequently transported to renal veins by convection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P. Ngo
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Saptarshi Kar
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and
| | - Michelle M. Kett
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bruce S. Gardiner
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and
| | - James T. Pearson
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W. Smith
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and
| | | | - John F. Bertram
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger G. Evans
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Koning NJ, Atasever B, Vonk AB, Boer C. Changes in Microcirculatory Perfusion and Oxygenation During Cardiac Surgery With or Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:1331-40. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
46
|
Roussakis E, Spencer JA, Lin CP, Vinogradov SA. Two-photon antenna-core oxygen probe with enhanced performance. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5937-45. [PMID: 24848643 PMCID: PMC4066907 DOI: 10.1021/ac501028m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent development of two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy (2PLM) of oxygen enabled first noninvasive high-resolution measurements of tissue oxygenation in vivo in 3D, providing valuable physiological information. The so far developed two-photon-enhanced phosphorescent probes comprise antenna-core constructs, in which two-photon absorbing chromophores (antenna) capture and channel excitation energy to a phosphorescent core (metalloporphyrin) via intramolecular excitation energy transfer (EET). These probes allowed demonstration of the methods' potential; however, they suffer from a number of limitations, such as partial loss of emissivity to competing triplet state deactivation pathways (e.g., electron transfer) and suboptimal sensitivity to oxygen, thereby limiting spatial and temporal resolution of the method. Here we present a new probe, PtTCHP-C307, designed to overcome these limitations. The key improvements include significant increase in the phosphorescence quantum yield, higher efficiency of the antenna-core energy transfer, minimized quenching of the phosphorescence by electron transfer and increased signal dynamic range. For the same excitation flux, the new probe is able to produce up to 6-fold higher signal output than previously reported molecules. Performance of PtTCHP-C307 was demonstrated in vivo in pO2 measurements through the intact mouse skull into the bone marrow, where all blood cells are made from hematopoietic stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Roussakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lim JKH, Nguyen CTO, He Z, Vingrys AJ, Bui BV. The effect of ageing on ocular blood flow, oxygen tension and retinal function during and after intraocular pressure elevation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98393. [PMID: 24866182 PMCID: PMC4035318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of ageing on the recovery of ocular blood flow, intravitreal oxygen tension and retinal function during and after intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. METHODS Long Evans rats (3- and 14-month-old) underwent acute stepwise IOP elevation from 10 to 120 mmHg (5 mmHg steps each 3 minutes). IOP was then returned to baseline and recovery was monitored for 2 hours. Photopic electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded at each IOP step during stress and at each minute during recovery. Ocular blood flow and vitreal oxygen tension (pO2) were assayed continuously and simultaneously using a combined laser Doppler flow meter (LDF) and an oxygen sensitive fibre-optic probe, respectively. The combined sensor was placed in the vitreous chamber, proximal to the retina. Data were binned into 3 minute intervals during stress and 1 min intervals during recovery. Recovery data was described using a bi-logistic function. RESULTS Rats of both ages showed similar susceptibility to IOP elevation, with pO2 showing a closer relationship to ERG than LDF. During recovery, both ages showed a distinctive two-phased recovery for all three measures with the exception of the LDF in 3-month-old rats, which showed only 1 phase. In all animals, LDF recovered fastest (<1 minute), followed by pO2 (<10 minute) and ERG (>1 hour). 14-month-old rats showed surprisingly faster and greater LDF recovery compared to the younger group, with similar levels of pO2 recovery. However, the ERG in these middle-aged animals did not fully recover after two hours, despite showing no difference in susceptibility to IOP during stress compared to the young group. CONCLUSIONS Young and middle-aged eyes showed similar susceptibility to IOP elevation in terms of pO2, LDF and ERG. Despite this lack of difference during stress, older eyes did not completely recover function, suggesting a more subtle age-related susceptibility to IOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah K. H. Lim
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine T. O. Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Algis J. Vingrys
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bang V. Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Muscular exercise requires transitions to and from metabolic rates often exceeding an order of magnitude above resting and places prodigious demands on the oxidative machinery and O2-transport pathway. The science of kinetics seeks to characterize the dynamic profiles of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and muscular systems and their integration to resolve the essential control mechanisms of muscle energetics and oxidative function: a goal not feasible using the steady-state response. Essential features of the O2 uptake (VO2) kinetics response are highly conserved across the animal kingdom. For a given metabolic demand, fast VO2 kinetics mandates a smaller O2 deficit, less substrate-level phosphorylation and high exercise tolerance. By the same token, slow VO2 kinetics incurs a high O2 deficit, presents a greater challenge to homeostasis and presages poor exercise tolerance. Compelling evidence supports that, in healthy individuals walking, running, or cycling upright, VO2 kinetics control resides within the exercising muscle(s) and is therefore not dependent upon, or limited by, upstream O2-transport systems. However, disease, aging, and other imposed constraints may redistribute VO2 kinetics control more proximally within the O2-transport system. Greater understanding of VO2 kinetics control and, in particular, its relation to the plasticity of the O2-transport/utilization system is considered important for improving the human condition, not just in athletic populations, but crucially for patients suffering from pathologically slowed VO2 kinetics as well as the burgeoning elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Poole
- Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pittman RN. Oxygen transport in the microcirculation and its regulation. Microcirculation 2013; 20:117-37. [PMID: 23025284 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cells require energy to carry out their functions and they typically use oxidative phosphorylation to generate the needed ATP. Thus, cells have a continuous need for oxygen, which they receive by diffusion from the blood through the interstitial fluid. The circulatory system pumps oxygen-rich blood through a network of increasingly minute vessels, the microcirculation. The structure of the microcirculation is such that all cells have at least one nearby capillary for diffusive exchange of oxygen and red blood cells release the oxygen bound to hemoglobin as they traverse capillaries. METHODS This review focuses first on the historical development of techniques to measure oxygen at various sites in the microcirculation, including the blood, interstitium, and cells. RESULTS Next, approaches are described as to how these techniques have been employed to make discoveries about different aspects of oxygen transport. Finally, ways in which oxygen might participate in the regulation of blood flow toward matching oxygen supply to oxygen demand is discussed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the transport of oxygen to the cells of the body is one of the most critical functions of the cardiovascular system and it is in the microcirculation where the final local determinants of oxygen supply, oxygen demand, and their regulation are decided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland N Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Longitudinal Oxygen Tension Gradients in Small Cortical Microvessels in the Rat Brain on Development of Acute Anemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-013-9804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|