1
|
Safrany B, Rushton J, Barthez PY, Holmes A. Blindness associated with presumed bilateral optic neuritis and sphenoid bone osteomyelitis in a dog with leishmaniosis. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Safrany
- Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited Paragon Veterinary Referrals Wakefield UK
| | - James Rushton
- Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited Paragon Veterinary Referrals Wakefield UK
| | | | - Andrea Holmes
- Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited Paragon Veterinary Referrals Wakefield UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva ARS, Gomes AAD, Aquino MCC, Almeida BFM, Lima VMF, Ciarlini PC, Pinoti LDR, Marcondes M, Vieira RFC. Synovial fluid and radiographic evaluation of joints from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:320. [PMID: 36076242 PMCID: PMC9461115 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyarthritis has been associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanVL), and co-infection with Ehrlichia canis is common and may alter clinical manifestations. Methods A total of 89 dogs presenting CanVL were subdivided into two groups: (1) G1, consisting of 46 dogs seronegative to Ehrlichia spp., and (ii) G2, consisting of 43 dogs seropositive to Ehrlichia spp. Eight joints (carpal, tarsal, stifles and elbows) from each dog were evaluated by radiography and synovial fluid (SF) cytologic analysis. Results Overall, 74 of the 89 (83.1%) dogs presented joint abnormalities suggestive of osteoarthritis by radiography (G1: 40/46 [86.9%]; G2: 34/43 [79.0%]), with no statistically significant between-group difference. All dogs with abnormal joint X-ray images presented radiographic lesions bilaterally, independent of the characteristics of the lesion. Soft tissue swelling around the joint and joint space narrowing were more commonly observed in G1 than in G2 dogs. There was no significant between-group difference in terms of other radiographic abnormalities suggestive of osteoarthritis (evident trabecular pattern, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteolysis, osteolytic–proliferative lesions or bone proliferation). SF from 174/315 (55.2%) and 152/307 (49.5%) joints from G1 and G2 dogs, respectively, presented an inflammatory infiltrate, but there was no significant association between the presence of inflammatory infiltrate and group. There was also no statistical difference between groups in either of the evaluated joints in terms of the percentage of neutrophils or mononuclear cells. Leishmania spp. amastigotes were found in 69/315 (21.9%) joints from G1 dogs and in 100/307 (32.5%) joints from G2 dogs (Fisherʼs exact test, P = 0.002, odds ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval = 0.4–0.8). The neutrophilic infiltrate was significantly higher in joints with amastigote forms in both G1 (Mann–Whitney U-test, U(18) = 817, Z = -3.76, P = 0.0001) and G2 dogs (Mann–Whitney U-test, U(18) = 6543, Z = − 5.06, P < 0.0001). Conclusions A high prevalence of arthritis in dogs with CanVL was found, and all dogs presented involvement in multiple joints. Although no difference was observed between groups in terms of the number of dogs with polyarthritis and the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate in SF, Leishmania spp. amastigotes were found more frequently in joints from G2 dogs. Further studies evaluating SF in dogs co-infected with L. infantum and E. canis should be performed to evaluate this finding. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre R S Silva
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana A D Gomes
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Breno F M Almeida
- University Center of the Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria M F Lima
- School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Ciarlini
- School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana D R Pinoti
- School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mary Marcondes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rafael F C Vieira
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Global One Health Initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Joint involvement in canine visceral leishmaniasis: Orthopedic physical examination, radiographic and computed tomographic findings. Vet Parasitol 2021; 299:109569. [PMID: 34509126 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the joint involvement in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis by means of orthopedic physical examination, radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings. Of the 46 evaluated dogs, an overall of 91.3 % presented joint (carpal, tarsal, elbows, and stifle) abnormalities, observed on physical examination, radiography and/or CT. In 67.3 % of the dogs orthopedic examination showed no abnormalities. Among the 31 dogs with normal orthopedic examination, 61.3 % showed radiographic and CT findings suggestive of osteoarthritis, 25.8 % presented normal radiographs with abnormalities evidenced only on CT, while 12.9 % presented normal radiographs and CT imaging. From the 15 dogs with abnormal orthopedic examination, 80 % had abnormal radiographic and CT findings suggestive of osteoarthritis, while 20 % presented normal radiographs with abnormalities evidenced only in their CT. Radiographic and CT findings included evident trabecular pattern, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteolysis, mixed bone lesions (osteolytic-proliferative lesions), soft tissue swelling around the joint (edema), joint space narrowing, bone proliferation, osteophytes, bone cyst and cartilage flap. Based on CT results the most affected joints, among those assessed, were the tarsal (80.9 %), followed by stifle (78.5 %), carpal (64.2 %), and elbows (54.7 %). Except by one dog that presented only one stifle joint compromised, the other three joints presented bilateral abnormalities in all dogs.
Collapse
|
4
|
Farré Mariné A, Borrego JF, Pumarola M, Luján Feliu-Pascual A. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:789-792. [PMID: 31517576 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.7.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
5
|
Effect of Artesunate on Leishmania Amazonesis Induced Neuroinflammation and Nociceptive Behavior in Male Balb/C Mice. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040557. [PMID: 32230725 PMCID: PMC7222374 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Leishmaniasis is a multisystemic zoonotic disease with several symptoms, and treating this disease is a great challenge for veterinary medicine. Artemisinin derivatives are currently the most widely used drugs for the treatment of malaria, especially for their excellent safety profile and low cost. Artesunate is a more stable derivative of its precursor, artemisin, and has been shown to be a pluripotent agent with different pharmacological actions. In this study, we evaluated the role of neuroinflammation in leishmaniasis and its correlation with pain and sickness behavior, and the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of artesunate in a murine model of Leishmania amazonensis infection in BALB/c mice. The results from this study indicate that artesunate is a good candidate for treatment and/or as an adjuvant in anti- leishmaniasis therapy, and for preventing and alleviating leishmaniasis-induced pain and neuroinflammation. Abstract Background: Leishmaniasis is a multisystemic zoonotic disease with several symptoms, including neurological disorders. Leishmaniasis is accompanied by an increase in nociceptive behaviors, linked to the presence of a chronic inflammatory state, in both peripheral tissue and the central nervous system. Artesunate is a more stable derivative of its precursor artemisin and has been shown to be a pluripotent agent with different pharmacological actions. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of artesunate in Leishmaniaamazonensi- infected BALB/c mice, evaluating its effectiveness in reducing inflammation, neuroinflammation, and nociceptive and sickness behaviors. Results: Our results demonstrate a significant increase in pain sensitivity and sickness behaviors after L. amazonensis infection. Moreover, the infection induced a significant increase in inflammatory response at both the paw and spinal cord level. Treatment with artesunate was able to induce a significant decrease in tissue inflammation and neuroinflammation and thus induce a significant decrease in pain sensitivity and sickness behaviors. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that artesunate is a good candidate for treatment and/or as an adjuvant in leishmanicidal therapy, and to prevent and alleviate leishmaniasis-induced pain and neuroinflammation and thereby improve the quality of life of leishmaniasis patients.
Collapse
|
6
|
König ML, Howard J, Schmidhalter M, Hentrich B, Hettlich B. Leishmaniosis manifesting as osteomyelitis and monoarthritis in a dog and outcome following treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Laura König
- Department of Veterinary Clinical MedicineSmall Animal ClinicVetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Judith Howard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical MedicineClinical Diagnostic LaboratoryVetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Marta Schmidhalter
- Department of Clinical RadiologyVetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Brigitte Hentrich
- Department of Veterinary ParasitologyVetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Bianca Hettlich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical MedicineSmall Animal ClinicVetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Borghi SM, Fattori V, Ruiz-Miyazawa KW, Miranda-Sapla MM, Casagrande R, Pinge-Filho P, Pavanelli WR, Verri WA. Leishmania (L). amazonensis induces hyperalgesia in balb/c mice: Contribution of endogenous spinal cord TNFα and NFκB activation. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 268:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
8
|
Lima AMV, Santos ADS, Faleiro MBR, Moura VMBDD, Brito FLDC, Brito LAB. IMUNOMARCAÇÃO DE Leishmania sp. E ASPECTOS HISTOLÓGICOS NA TERCEIRA PÁLPEBRA DE CÃES NATURALMENTE INFECTADOS POR Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v16i426859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença que envolve lesões multissistêmicas e, dentre os vários tecidos acometidos, a terceira pálpebra está frequentemente envolvida. Este anexo ocular tem sido alvo de estudo tanto para a elucidação da patogênese da doença quanto para o avanço diagnóstico. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações histológicas presentes na terceira pálpebra de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi e realizar a imunodetecção do parasita. Vinte e seis amostras de terceira pálpebra de cães sintomáticos foram avaliadas quanto à coloração de HE e à imunoistoquímica com soro de cão positivo para Leishmania sp. A principal alteração observada na conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra foi infiltração inflamatória predominantemente linfoplasmocitária, com células de Mott e histiócitos parasitados permeando a área de exsudação. Adicionalmente, perda de estratificação e ulceração epitelial, rarefação ou hiperplasia de células caliciformes foram achados costumazes. Na glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, o mesmo padrão inflamatório foi observado, acompanhado frequentemente de atrofia acinar e dilatação dos ductos secretórios. A imunoistoquímica revelou parasitismo em todas as amostras, em diferentes intensidades.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sbrana S, Marchetti V, Mancianti F, Guidi G, Bennett D. Retrospective study of 14 cases of canine arthritis secondary to Leishmaniainfection. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:309-13. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sbrana
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; San Piero a Grado Pisa Italy
| | - V. Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; San Piero a Grado Pisa Italy
| | - F. Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Animal Pathology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Pisa Italy
| | - G. Guidi
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; San Piero a Grado Pisa Italy
| | - D. Bennett
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Division of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow; Bearsden Glasgow G61 1QH
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Koutinas AF, Koutinas CK. Pathologic mechanisms underlying the clinical findings in canine leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum/chagasi. Vet Pathol 2014; 51:527-38. [PMID: 24510947 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814521248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In dogs with symptomatic or asymptomatic leishmaniasis, Leishmania infantum appears to induce a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response that in the sick dog may eventually result in tissue damage via different pathomechanisms, notably granulomatous inflammation (eg, nodular dermatitis, osteomyelitis), immune complex deposition (eg, glomerulonephritis), and/or autoantibody production (eg, polymyositis). This is a compensatory but detrimental mechanism generated mainly because of the insufficient killing capacity of macrophages against the parasite in the susceptible dog. Clinical disease is typically exemplified as exfoliative and/or ulcerative dermatitis, with or without nasodigital hyperkeratosis and onychogryphosis, glomerulonephritis, atrophic myositis of masticatory muscles, anterior uveitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, epistaxis, and/or polyarthritis, appearing alone or in various combinations. The pathogenesis of these clinical conditions has recently been highlighted, to a greater or lesser extent. The usually subclinical conditions expressed as chronic colitis, chronic hepatitis, vasculitis, myocarditis, osteomyelitis, orchiepididymitis, and meningoencephalomyelitis, though uncommon, are of pathologic importance from a differential point of view. The leading cause of death among canine leishmaniasis patients is chronic proteinuric nephritis that may progress to end-stage kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome, and/or systemic hypertension. However, even the asymptomatic proteinuria, when profuse, may be a serious problem because it predisposes to arterial thromboembolism and eventually contributes to the deterioration of the body condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Koutinas
- Private Practice, Volos' Quality Veterinary Practice, Kapodistriou 90, 38333, Volos, Greece.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Melo GD, Machado GF. Glial reactivity in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis: correlation with T lymphocyte infiltration and with cerebrospinal fluid anti-Leishmania antibody titres. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 346:293-304. [PMID: 22160561 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a multisystemic zoonotic disease that can manifest with several symptoms, including neurological disorders. Because glial cells are extensively associated with the immune response within the brain, we evaluated the morphology of astrocytes and microglia of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania chagasi. We used immunohistochemical and lectin-histochemical techniques for morphological analyses and we also examined the glial correlation with lymphocyte infiltration of the brain and with the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies within the cerebrospinal fluid of the dogs. Although we did not detect a shared morphological pattern in the astrocytes or microglia in the brain tissue, these cells were more intensely labelled in infected dogs than in the control group. The density of microglia was increased in the ependymal/subependymal area, thus demonstrating a strong correlation with the presence of T lymphocytes and with cerebrospinal fluid antibody titres. Thus, our results indicate a pro-inflammatory state in the brains of dogs naturally infected with L. chagasi and strongly suggest that microglia and astrocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of the neurological disorders of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme D Melo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pugliese A, Di Pietro S, Giudice E. Clinical and Diagnostic Patterns of Leishmaniasis in the Dog. Vet Res Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-006-0009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
13
|
Costa AAUM, Abreu AL, Gomes CMC, Saldanha ACR, Barral A, Costa JML, Corbett CEP. Experimental model of chronic osteomyelitis caused by Leishmania (L) amazonensis. Acta Trop 2006; 98:125-9. [PMID: 16696932 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimental animal models have been used for the study of the physiopathogenesis of leishmaniasis, on some occasions with success, while in other situations such as bone alterations that accompany tegumentary leishmaniasis, especially in diffuse cutaneous form (DCL), the mechanisms are still unknown. In the present study, we determined these alterations in an animal model susceptible to Leishmania (L) amazonensis. Amastigotes of L. (L) amazonensis isolated from patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) were inoculated into the hind paws of eight BALB/c mice, macroscopic and histopathological aspects were analyzed. After 90 and 120 days of evolution, histopathological analysis demonstrated a mononuclear cell infiltrate rich in plasma cells and intense parasitism of intra- and extra-medullary macrophages, with areas of bone necrosis and discrete involvement of cartilaginous tissue. The results show that the inflammatory process developed during L. (L) amazonensis infection might cause bone tissue destruction and secondarily affect the joints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Af Ali U M Costa
- Nucleus of Tropical Pathology and Social Medicine, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Souza AI, Juliano RS, Gomes TS, de Araujo Diniz S, Borges AM, Tafuri WL, Santos RL. Osteolytic osteomyelitis associated with visceral leishmaniasis in a dog. Vet Parasitol 2005; 129:51-4. [PMID: 15817202 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A dog was examined with a history of weight loss and lameness of the left hind limb. A painful response to examination of the left hip joint, and lymphadenopathy were noted. Amastigote forms of Leishmania sp. were observed by cytology in samples from the popliteus lymph node, and anti-Leishmania sp. antibodies at a titer of 1:640 were detected in serum by indirect immunofluorescence. Radiological changes included osteolysis and a periosteal proliferative reaction in the left femoral greater trochanter. These changes were histologically characterized as an osteolytic granulomatous osteomyelitis associated with amastigotes within macrophages. Non-decalcified fragments of the periosteum were processed for immunohistochemistry, observed with prominent immunolabelling of amastigotes of Leishmania sp. within macrophages. The diagnosis was further confirmed by positive PCR for Leishmania sp., belonging to the Leishmania donovani complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alda Izabel de Souza
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Agrárias e da Saúde (CCBAS), Universidade para o Desenvolvimento do Estado e da Região do Pantanal (UNIDERP), Rua Alexandre Herculano 1400, 79037-280 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Franch J, Pastor J, Torrent E, Lafuente P, Diaz-Bertrana MC, Munilla A, Durall I. Management of leishmanial osteolytic lesions in a hypothyroid dog by partial tarsal arthrodesis. Vet Rec 2004; 155:559-62. [PMID: 15559422 DOI: 10.1136/vr.155.18.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A five-year-old male boxer, previously diagnosed with leishmaniasis and hypothyroidism, had gradually become unable to bear weight on its left hindlimb. Physical examination revealed a left popliteal lymphadenopathy, mild crepitus, and severe swelling of the left tarsal joint, a radiographic examination of which revealed severe bone destruction of the talus and a periosteal reaction of the calcaneus. Laboratory findings and serological tests suggested an active leishmanial infection, and a Leishmania species was identified by direct cytology of a sample from the osteolytic area and by indirect immunohistochemistry of a bone biopsy. The dog's condition improved when it was treated with meglumine antimonate and allopurinol. Because of the large osteolytic area and the increased use of the affected leg, a partial tarsal arthrodesis was performed to prevent a fracture. Five months after the surgery, the osteolytic area had healed completely and the calcaneus periosteal reaction had disappeared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Franch
- Department of Surgery, Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adamama-Moraitou KK, Prassinos NN, Patsikas MN, Psychas V, Tsioli B, Rallis TS. Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in a dog with leishmaniasis. J Small Anim Pract 2004; 45:117-21. [PMID: 14984157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2004.tb00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a rarely reported condition. A 10-year-old male German shepherd dog cross was presented with a history of ascites, vomiting, soft faeces, anorexia and depression. Gathering of the intestinal loops in the middle portion of the abdomen was detected by radiography and ultrasonography. Cytological examination of Giemsa-stained smears from the popliteal lymph nodes revealed Leishmania species. The results of culture of serosanguineous fluid obtained by abdominocentesis were negative for bacteria and fungi. Laparotomy revealed a sac of fibrous tissue encasing most of the intestinal loops and numerous adhesions extending between them. Histologically, an uneven, diffusely thickened, visceral peritoneal membrane was found. A diagnosis of idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis was made. The dog was euthanased because the intestinal wall was torn at many sites during dissection of the membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K K Adamama-Moraitou
- Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 St Voutyra Street, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Canine leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi, in America) and is transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. Infected dogs constitute the main domestic reservoir of the parasite and play a key role in transmission to humans, in which the parasite produces visceral leishmaniasis. The increasing awareness that control of the human disease depends on effective control of canine leishmaniasis has promoted, in the last few years, research into leishmanial infection in dogs. Newly available specific reagents and molecular tools have been applied to the detailed investigation of canine leishmaniasis and important advances have been made in elucidating the epidemiology and pathology of the disease. These new findings have led to better understanding of the disease, and have also helped in the development of new diagnostic methods and control measures against the infection, such as insecticide-impregnated collars for dogs, new drugs and treatment protocols, and second generation vaccines, with the hope of not only reducing the heavy burden of the disease among dogs but also reducing the incidence of human visceral leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alvar
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Servicio de Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Agut A, Corzo N, Murciano J, Laredo FG, Soler M. Clinical and radiographic study of bone and joint lesions in 26 dogs with leishmaniasis. Vet Rec 2003; 153:648-52. [PMID: 14667085 DOI: 10.1136/vr.153.21.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-six dogs with parasitologically confirmed leishmaniasis and abnormalities of gait were studied to determine the most common radiological patterns of bone and joint lesions. The clinical findings included either lameness, joint pain and crepitation, soft tissue swelling and/or muscle atrophy. Bone lesions were observed radiographically in 12 of the 26 dogs; the radius and ulna were affected in seven, the tibia in six and the femur in six. Joint lesions were observed radiographically in 15 of the 26 dogs; the carpus and stifle were affected in all 15, and the tarsus in nine. There was a tendency for the bones and joints to be affected bilaterally. The radiographic patterns observed were different in the long bones and the joints. In the long bones, the most common pattern was periosteal and intramedullary proliferation, involving the diaphyses and related to the nutrient foramen; in the joints, two patterns, either non-erosive or erosive polyarthritis with soft-tissue swelling, were observed. The changes observed in the synovial fluid were associated in most cases with osteolytic lesions. However, Leishmania organisms were identified in the synovial fluid from joints without bony radiographic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Agut
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Patología Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Blavier A, Keroack S, Denerolle P, Goy-Thollot I, Chabanne L, Cadoré JL, Bourdoiseau G. Atypical forms of canine leishmaniosis. Vet J 2001; 162:108-20. [PMID: 11531395 DOI: 10.1053/tvjl.2000.0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis is a common disease in the Mediterranean area, but sporadic cases in dogs having travelled through endemic regions are also reported. The disease's evolution is usually chronic and symptoms are either non-specific (fever, weight loss, lethargy, enlarged lymph nodes), dermatological, renal or ocular. The purpose of this article is to review the literature and to describe our own experience of certain atypical forms of canine leishmaniosis. These include specific skin lesions, monoclonal gammopathy, renal failure (without any other signs), chronic colitis, haemostatic problems and disorders of the cardiovascular, respiratory and musculo-skeletal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Blavier
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, B.P. 83, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|