1
|
Gibson EA, Brust K, Steffey MA. Evaluation of mediastinoscopy for cranial mediastinal and tracheobronchial lymphadenectomy in canine cadavers. Vet Surg 2024; 53:834-843. [PMID: 38686899 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report technical feasibility and describe procedural details of a novel single incision minimally invasive approach to the mediastinum in cadaver dogs. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study. ANIMALS Large breed (25-40 kg) cadaver dogs (n = 10). METHODS Three of 10 cadavers were used for preliminary technique development without data recording. Cadaver specimens underwent pre- and postoperative thoracic computed tomographic scans. Seven dogs were placed in dorsal recumbency and mediastinoscopy was performed via a SILS port placed cranial to the thoracic inlet with CO2 insufflation of the mediastinum at 2-4 mmHg. Retrieval of all CT and visually identified mediastinal lymph nodes (LN) was attempted; endoscopic compartmental and individual LN dissection times and subjective operative challenges were recorded. Procedural success scores for visualization and dissection as well as NASA-task force index scores were recorded per lymph node, per cadaver. RESULTS Median time required for initial approach including SILS placement was 5 min (range 5-10 min). Individual LN retrieval times ranged from 2 to 32 min. Mediastinoscopic retrieval of LNs was most commonly successful for the left tracheobronchial LN (7/7), followed by the right tracheobronchial LN (4/7), the left and right sternal LNs (3/7 each), and the cranial mediastinal LNs (1/7). Post-procedure pleural gas was identified on CT in 4/7 cadavers. CONCLUSIONS Mediastinoscopy as reported was feasible in large breed canine cadavers and retrieval or cup biopsy of a variety of lymph nodes is possible from the described approach. Application in living animals and its associated challenges should be further investigated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mediastinoscopy may provide a novel minimally invasive approach to the evaluation and oncologic staging of the cranial mediastinum in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Gibson
- William R. Prichard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kelsey Brust
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michele A Steffey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Glahn I, Haghofer A, Donovan TA, Degasperi B, Bartel A, Kreilmeier-Berger T, Hyndman PS, Janout H, Assenmacher CA, Bartenschlager F, Bolfa P, Dark MJ, Klang A, Klopfleisch R, Merz S, Richter B, Schulman FY, Ganz J, Scharinger J, Aubreville M, Winkler SM, Bertram CA. Automated Nuclear Morphometry: A Deep Learning Approach for Prognostication in Canine Pulmonary Carcinoma to Enhance Reproducibility. Vet Sci 2024; 11:278. [PMID: 38922025 PMCID: PMC11209399 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of deep learning-based tools into diagnostic workflows is increasingly prevalent due to their efficiency and reproducibility in various settings. We investigated the utility of automated nuclear morphometry for assessing nuclear pleomorphism (NP), a criterion of malignancy in the current grading system in canine pulmonary carcinoma (cPC), and its prognostic implications. We developed a deep learning-based algorithm for evaluating NP (variation in size, i.e., anisokaryosis and/or shape) using a segmentation model. Its performance was evaluated on 46 cPC cases with comprehensive follow-up data regarding its accuracy in nuclear segmentation and its prognostic ability. Its assessment of NP was compared to manual morphometry and established prognostic tests (pathologists' NP estimates (n = 11), mitotic count, histological grading, and TNM-stage). The standard deviation (SD) of the nuclear area, indicative of anisokaryosis, exhibited good discriminatory ability for tumor-specific survival, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 and a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.38. The algorithm achieved values comparable to manual morphometry. In contrast, the pathologists' estimates of anisokaryosis resulted in HR values ranging from 0.86 to 34.8, with slight inter-observer reproducibility (k = 0.204). Other conventional tests had no significant prognostic value in our study cohort. Fully automated morphometry promises a time-efficient and reproducible assessment of NP with a high prognostic value. Further refinement of the algorithm, particularly to address undersegmentation, and application to a larger study population are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imaine Glahn
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Haghofer
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
- Department of Computer Science, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Taryn A. Donovan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brigitte Degasperi
- University Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Bartel
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Philip S. Hyndman
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hannah Janout
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
- Department of Computer Science, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Pompei Bolfa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Michael J. Dark
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrea Klang
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Merz
- IDEXX Vet Med Labor GmbH, 70806 Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Richter
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - F. Yvonne Schulman
- Antech Diagnostics, Mars Petcare Science and Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, CA 92708, USA
| | - Jonathan Ganz
- Department of Computer Science, Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Josef Scharinger
- Department of Computer Science, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Marc Aubreville
- Department of Computer Science, Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Stephan M. Winkler
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
- Department of Computer Science, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Christof A. Bertram
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martin TW, LaRue SM, Griffin L, Leary D, Boss MK. Retrospective study evaluating the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of confirmed or suspected primary pulmonary carcinomas in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:656-664. [PMID: 37620018 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Canine primary pulmonary carcinomas (PCCs) are commonly treated with surgery with overall median survival times (MST) around a year; however, due to extent of disease, prognosis, or client preference, alternative treatments have been considered. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been utilized in human cancer patients for local control of lung tumours as a surgical alternative. Twenty-one PCCs in 19 dogs that received SBRT for local control were retrospectively evaluated. Dogs were staged according to the canine lung carcinoma stage classification (CLCSC) system with three as Stage 1, five as Stage 2, three as Stage 3, and eight as Stage 4. Overall MST was 343 days with 38% of patients alive at 1 year. Stage did not significantly impact survival time (p = .72). Five (26%) dogs had lymphadenopathy and MST was not significantly different from dogs without lymphadenopathy (343 vs. 353 days; p = .54). Five out of 18 evaluable dogs (28%) experienced acute lung VRTOG effects and 2 of 12 dogs (17%) experienced late lung VRTOG effects. Median lung dose, V5, V20, and D30 to the lung did not correlate significantly with the development of adverse radiation events. Twelve dogs had follow-up imaging and the best response included a complete response (17%), partial response (42%), and stable disease (42%). Progressive disease was noted in seven dogs a median of 229 days after SBRT. SBRT was documented to be a safe and effective alternative to surgery and may have survival advantages for Stage 3 or 4 dogs according to the CLCSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Wormhoudt Martin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan M LaRue
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lynn Griffin
- VCA Canada Central Victoria Veterinary Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia, USA
| | - Del Leary
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Griffin LR, Frank C, Rao S, Seguin B. Lymphotropic nanoparticle magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing metastatic lymph nodes in dogs with malignant head and neck tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:427-436. [PMID: 37186437 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lymphotropic nanoparticle magnetic resonance imaging (LNMRI) utilises ultrasmall paramagnetic iron nanoparticles (USPIOs) for imaging of metastatic lymph nodes in patients afflicted with cancer. LNMRI has been shown to be a highly effective and accurate way to diagnose metastasis in humans but has not been commonly reported on in veterinary medicine. USPIOs are phagocytised by macrophages and then localised to lymph nodes where they create a susceptibility artefact on gradient echo MRI sequences. In this study dogs (n = 24) with naturally occurring head and neck tumours were imaged with LNMRI then had mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes extirpated for histological analysis. Subjective and objective analysis of the LNMRI images was performed and imaging results compared to histology as the gold standard. A total of 149 lymph nodes were included in this study. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was 64%, 94.4% and 89.3% respectively. However, if dogs with mast cell tumours were excluded from analysis the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rose to 85.7%, 95.7% and 94.6%. LNMRI is potentially an accurate way to determine the presence of lymph node metastasis in dogs with some types of head and neck tumours. However, LNMRI has only moderate accuracy in dogs with oral or mucocutaneous mast cell tumours in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn R Griffin
- Environmental and Radiological Health Science Department, Colorado State Univeristy, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Chad Frank
- Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Animal Population Health Institute and Clinical Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bernard Seguin
- Clinical Sciences Department and Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ichimata M, Kagawa Y, Namiki K, Toshima A, Nakano Y, Matsuyama F, Fukazawa E, Harada K, Katayama R, Kobayashi T. Prognosis of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma after surgical resection in small-breed dogs: 52 cases (2005-2021). J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1466-1474. [PMID: 37226683 PMCID: PMC10365062 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor size is an important prognostic factor in lung cancer in dogs, and the canine lung carcinoma stage classification (CLCSC) recently has been proposed to subdivide tumor sizes. It is unclear if the same classification scheme can be used for small-breed dogs. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the tumor size classification of CLCS is prognostic for survival and progression outcomes in small-breed dogs with surgically resected pulmonary adenocarcinomas (PACs). ANIMALS Fifty-two client-owned small-breed dogs with PAC. METHODS Single-center retrospective cohort study conducted between 2005 and 2021. Medical records of dogs weighing <15 kg with surgically resected lung masses histologically diagnosed as PAC were examined. RESULTS The numbers of dogs with tumor size ≤3 cm, >3 cm to ≤5 cm, >5 cm to ≤7 cm, or >7 cm were 15, 18, 14, and 5, respectively. The median progression-free interval (PFI) and overall survival time (OST) were 754 and 716 days, respectively. In univariable analysis, clinical signs, lymph node metastasis, margin, and histologic grade were associated with PFI, and age, clinical signs, margin, and lymph node metastasis were associated with OST. Tumor size classification of CLCS was associated with PFI in all categories, and tumor size >7 cm was associated with OST. In multivariable analysis, tumor size >5 cm to ≤7 cm and margin were associated with PFI, and age was associated with OST. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The tumor size classification of CLCS would be an important prognostic factor in small-breed dogs with surgically resected PACs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Ichimata
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation Japan Small Animal Medical CenterTokorozawaSaitamaJapan
| | | | | | - Atsushi Toshima
- Public Interest Incorporated Foundation Japan Small Animal Medical CenterTokorozawaSaitamaJapan
| | - Yuko Nakano
- Veterinary Cancer Center, Hayashiya Animal Hospital, UjiKyotoJapan
| | - Fukiko Matsuyama
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation Japan Small Animal Medical CenterTokorozawaSaitamaJapan
| | - Eri Fukazawa
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation Japan Small Animal Medical CenterTokorozawaSaitamaJapan
| | - Kei Harada
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation Japan Small Animal Medical CenterTokorozawaSaitamaJapan
| | - Ryuzo Katayama
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation Japan Small Animal Medical CenterTokorozawaSaitamaJapan
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation Japan Small Animal Medical CenterTokorozawaSaitamaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sakurai N, Ishigaki K, Terai K, Heishima T, Okada K, Yoshida O, Kagawa Y, Asano K. Impact of near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green on the surgical treatment of pulmonary masses in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1018263. [PMID: 36825232 PMCID: PMC9942240 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1018263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the intraoperative identification and complete resection of pulmonary masses, and to evaluate lymph node metastasis of pulmonary malignant tumors in dogs using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging. Methods Forty dogs with pulmonary masses were included, all of which underwent surgical treatment. ICG fluorescence imaging was performed on pulmonary masses before lobectomy and the resection margins after lobectomy. In addition, ICG fluorescence of the excised masses and lymph nodes was evaluated in the shaded box. The fluorescence findings were compared with the histopathological diagnosis. Results Of 44 nodules resected from 40 dogs, 32 nodules were histopathologically diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma, five were histiocytic sarcoma, three were undifferentiated sarcoma, two were malignant epithelial tumor metastases, one was carcinosarcoma, and one was a non-neoplastic lesion. Fluorescence was observed in all nodules. In addition to the main lesion, other fluorescent nodules were found in four dogs. Regarding the diagnostic accuracy of complete resection based on ICG fluorescence, the sensitivity was 67.7% and the specificity was 60.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of ICG fluorescence for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis were 100 and 75.0%, respectively. Conclusions ICG fluorescence imaging might be a useful intraoperative diagnostic method to identify the location of tumors and lymph node metastasis, but not to evaluate complete tumor resection, in dogs with pulmonary malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishigaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Terai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Heishima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | | | - Orie Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | | | - Kazushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan,*Correspondence: Kazushi Asano ✉
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Plavec T, Žagar Ž, Kessler M. Klinisch-pathologische Befunde, postoperative Überlebenszeiten und prognostische Faktoren bei Hunden mit primären Lungenkarzinomen. TIERÄRZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE K: KLEINTIERE / HEIMTIERE 2022; 50:317-328. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1949-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Primäre Karzinome der Lunge (PLK) beim Hund sind selten, ihre Behandlung erfolgt chirurgisch. Ziel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung klinisch-pathologischer Befunde, postoperativer medianer Überlebenszeiten (mÜZ) und prognostischer Faktoren.
Material und Methoden Retrospektive Auswertung von 61 Hunden mit 62 PLK, die zwischen 2007 und 2017 chirurgisch behandelt wurden. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mittels Kaplan-Meier und Logrank Methoden.
Ergebnisse Von 62 PLKs lagen 35 (56 %) peripher im Lungenlappen, 21 (34 %) hilusnah und 6 (10 %) betrafen den gesamten Lungenlappen. In 49 Fällen lagen differenzierte Adenokarzinome vor; niedrig differenzierte bzw. anaplastische Karzinome (n = 10) und Plattenepithelkarzinome (n = 2) waren deutlich seltener. Eine Prädisposition für bestimmte Lungenlappen war nicht nachzuweisen. Dreizehn (21 %) Patienten zeigten keine und 10 (16 %) nur unspezifische, nicht auf den Respirationstrakt hinweisende Symptome. Insgesamt zeigten 48 (79 %) Hunde klinische Symptome wie Husten, Dyspnoe, Lethargie, Gewichtsverlust, Leistungsschwäche, Erbrechen und/oder Fieber. Die tracheobronchialen Lymphknoten (TBLN) waren in 9 von 51 untersuchten Fällen histologisch positiv für Metastasierung (N1) und negativ (N0) in 42 Fällen (nicht untersucht n = 10). Daten zum Langzeitverlauf waren für 50 Patienten verfügbar. Prognostisch relevante Variablen waren Lymphknotenmetastasierung in die TBLN (mÜZ: N1 41 Tage, N0 570 Tage; p < 0,01), Lungenmetastasen (mÜZ: M1 125 Tage, M0 630 Tage; p < 0,01), histologischer Subtyp (mÜZ: differenzierte Karzinome 620 Tage; andere Karzinome 135 Tage; p < 0,01), Tumordurchmesser größer als 3 cm (mÜZ < 3 cm 1155 Tage, ≥ 3 cm 330 Tage; p = 0,02) und Tumorlokalisation (mÜZ: hilusnah 330 Tage, peripher 650 Tage; p = 0,04).
Schlussfolgerung Beim PLK sind TBLN Status, Organmetastasen, Tumorlokalisation, histologischer Subtyp und Tumorgröße prognostisch relevante Kriterien. Hunde ohne prognostisch negative Faktoren können lange Überlebenszeiten aufweisen. In mehr als einem Drittel der Fälle bleiben die Tumoren asymptomatisch (21 %) bzw. ohne respirationstraktspezifische (16 %) Symptome.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ciriano E, Marrington M, Grant J. Lung lobe torsion in association with a pulmonary papillary carcinoma in a dog. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2022; 93:147-150. [DOI: 10.36303/jsava.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Ciriano
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists,
United Kingdom
| | - M Marrington
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists,
United Kingdom
| | - J Grant
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists,
United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tamura K, Ishigaki K, Yoshida O, Kazuyuki T, Sakurai N, Heishima T, Fujiyuki T, Kai C, Asano K. Gene expression of
Nectin‐4
and its clinical significance in dogs with primary lung adenocarcinoma. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1922-1929. [PMID: 35905293 PMCID: PMC9514464 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine primary lung adenocarcinoma (CPLA) is suspected by radiography or computed tomography; however, since there are no tumour markers, early diagnosis is difficult, and the prognosis is poor due to increased tumour volume. Nectin‐4 has been reported to be expressed in human lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers and promotes tumour growth. It has been reported to be a tumour marker and prognostic factor, and oncolytic virotherapy is being investigated using nectin‐4 as a therapeutic target. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of Nectin‐4 in CPLA and its clinical significance in dogs with pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Methods The relationships between Nectin‐4 expression and signalling, tumour volume, tumour weight, and prognosis were analyzed in 34 CPLA patients. Results The expression of canine Nectin‐4 (high Nectin‐4) was found in 25 of 34 cases (73%), and Nectin‐4 expression levels did not show any significant associations with gender, body weight, and tumour stage. However, there was a significant positive correlation between Nectin‐4 expression and tumour volume (r = 0.623, p < 0.05) and tumour weight (r = 0.735, p < 0.05). Regarding prognosis, the median survival time was 427 days in high Nectin‐4 cases and 420 days in cases with no Nectin‐4 expression. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that Nectin‐4 is highly expressed in CPLA. In addition, nectin‐4 might be a tumour growth factor in CPLA and thus is a promising biomarker for CPLA. Further investigations on nectin‐4 in CPLA are warranted for its diagnosis and novel targets for oncolytic virotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
- Laboratory Animal Research Center The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishigaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Orie Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Terai Kazuyuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Naoki Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Tatsuya Heishima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
McPhetridge JB, Scharf VF, Regier PJ, Toth D, Lorange M, Tremolada G, Dornbusch JA, Selmic LE, Bae S, Townsend KL, McAdoo JC, Thieman KM, Solari F, Walton RA, Romeiser J, Tuohy JL, Oblak ML. Distribution of histopathologic types of primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs and outcome of affected dogs: 340 cases (2010-2019). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:234-243. [PMID: 34851850 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.12.0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide updated information on the distribution of histopathologic types of primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs and evaluate the effect of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma. ANIMALS 340 dogs. PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs that underwent lung lobectomy for removal of a primary pulmonary mass were reviewed, and histopathologic type of lesions was determined. The canine lung carcinoma stage classification system was used to determine clinical stage for dogs with pulmonary carcinoma. RESULTS Pulmonary carcinoma was the most frequently encountered tumor type (296/340 [87.1%]), followed by sarcoma (26 [7.6%]), adenoma (11 [3.2%]), and pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor (5 [1.5%]); there was also 1 plasmacytoma and 1 carcinosarcoma. Twenty (5.9%) sarcomas were classified as primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma. There was a significant difference in median survival time between dogs with pulmonary carcinomas (399 days), dogs with histiocytic sarcomas (300 days), and dogs with neuroendocrine tumors (498 days). When dogs with pulmonary carcinomas were grouped on the basis of clinical stage, there were no significant differences in median survival time between dogs that did and did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that pulmonary carcinoma is the most common cause of primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs; however, nonepithelial tumors can occur. Survival times were significantly different between dogs with pulmonary carcinoma, histiocytic sarcoma, and neuroendocrine tumor, emphasizing the importance of recognizing the relative incidence of these various histologic diagnoses. The therapeutic effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma remains unclear and warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan B McPhetridge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Valery F Scharf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Penny J Regier
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Darby Toth
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Max Lorange
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Giovanni Tremolada
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Josephine A Dornbusch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Sohee Bae
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Katy L Townsend
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Jack C McAdoo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kelley M Thieman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Francesca Solari
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Rebecca A Walton
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Jacob Romeiser
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Joanne L Tuohy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Michelle L Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tamura K, Ishigaki K, Iizuka K, Nagumo T, Yoshida O, Asano K. Neutrophilic leucocytosis induced by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 in canine primary lung adenocarcinoma. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:483-491. [PMID: 34935301 PMCID: PMC8959335 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophilic leucocytosis as a paraneoplastic syndrome may occur in dogs with lymphoma, renal carcinoma, rectal polyps and metastatic fibrosarcoma. However, the information on canine lung adenocarcinoma with neutrophilic leucocytosis is lacking. Objective This study aimed to describe the clinical features and cytokine profiles of canine patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma and neutrophilic leucocytosis. Methods Two dogs (cases #1 and #2), each with a solitary lung adenocarcinoma, were included. Both cases had leucocytosis and underwent lung lobectomy. The resected tumours were analysed for the expression of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and interleukin‐6 (IL6) by quantitative real‐time PCR compared with normal lung tissues. Results At the initial examination, neither patient had any clinical signs or fever. White blood cell count (WBC) was 58,300/μl and 32,900/μl in cases #1 and #2, respectively. The gene expression of G‐CSF increased 6.7‐and 19.7‐fold in cases #1 and #2, respectively. The gene expression of IL6 markedly increased (30‐fold) in case #1, whereas it increased slightly (1.9‐fold) in case #2. On the other hand, that of GM‐CSF was slightly changed in both cases. The WBC count postoperatively decreased to within the normal range in both cases. The postoperative survival times were 347 and 118 days in cases #1 and #2, respectively. Conclusions This study describes G‐CSF and IL6 producing lung adenocarcinoma associated with neutrophilic leucocytosis in dogs. Canine patients with pulmonary adenocarcinomas that have elevated G‐CSF and IL6 levels may have a guarded prognosis. Further investigations are needed to clarify the prognosis of canine cytokine‐producing lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary SurgeryDepartment of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - Kumiko Ishigaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary SurgeryDepartment of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - Keigo Iizuka
- Laboratory of Veterinary SurgeryDepartment of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - Takahiro Nagumo
- Laboratory of Veterinary SurgeryDepartment of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - Orie Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary SurgeryDepartment of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary SurgeryDepartment of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Treggiari E, Pellin MA, Valenti P, Curran KM, Borrego JF, Romanelli G, Mason SL, Taylor A. Tolerability and outcome of palliative treatment for metastatic pulmonary carcinoma in cats. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:992-1000. [PMID: 34608648 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary carcinoma is uncommon in cats and reporting of outcomes following medical treatment is limited, especially in presence of metastases. The aim of this study was to describe the outcome of cats affected by metastatic primary pulmonary carcinoma and to evaluate the tolerability of palliative treatment in this patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records were searched for cats with a cytological or histopathological diagnosis of primary pulmonary carcinoma and evidence of metastatic disease. Cats were treated with antineoplastic agents, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or received no systemic treatment. Cases in which thoracic CT was not performed, and those lacking definitive diagnosis by cytology or histopathology or receiving curative-intent surgery were excluded. RESULTS Thirty-four cats were identified: 18 were treated with antineoplastic agents and 16 received corticosteroids, NSAIDs or no treatment. Presenting clinical signs included coughing (53%), tachypnoea (26%), gastrointestinal signs (35%) and lethargy (18%). CT scan identified metastases to the lung parenchyma in all cases and additional metastatic lesions in 10 of 34 (59%) cases; pleural effusion was detected in 11 cases (32%). The overall median survival time for all cats was 64 days [range 1-1352 days; 95% confidence interval (CI) 48-164]. Presence of respiratory signs at presentation was the only factor influencing survival in the multivariable analysis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Medical treatment was well tolerated and appeared to palliate clinical signs in cats with metastatic pulmonary carcinoma, albeit with a modest duration and short overall survival. The role and benefit of chemotherapy/antineoplastic agents versus conventional palliative drugs in this setting remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Treggiari
- Oncology Service, Centro Specialistico Veterinario, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - M A Pellin
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - P Valenti
- Oncology Service, Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa, 21017, Samarate, Italy
| | - K M Curran
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - J F Borrego
- Oncology Service, Hospital Auna Especialidades Veterinarias, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - G Romanelli
- Oncology Service, Centro Specialistico Veterinario, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - S L Mason
- Department of Oncology, The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, Cambridgeshire, UK.,S.L. Mason's current address is Southfield's Veterinary Specialists, Oncology Service, Basildon, UK
| | - A Taylor
- Oncology Service, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Hertfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Able H, Wolf-Ringwall A, Rendahl A, Ober CP, Seelig DM, Wilke CT, Lawrence J. Computed tomography radiomic features hold prognostic utility for canine lung tumors: An analytical study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256139. [PMID: 34403435 PMCID: PMC8370631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of computed tomography (CT) radiomic features is an indirect measure of tumor heterogeneity, which has been associated with prognosis in human lung carcinoma. Canine lung tumors share similar features to human lung tumors and serve as a model in which to investigate the utility of radiomic features in differentiating tumor type and prognostication. The purpose of this study was to correlate first-order radiomic features from canine pulmonary tumors to histopathologic characteristics and outcome. Disease-free survival, overall survival time and tumor-specific survival were calculated as days from the date of CT scan. Sixty-seven tumors from 65 dogs were evaluated. Fifty-six tumors were classified as primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas and 11 were non-adenocarcinomas. All dogs were treated with surgical resection; 14 dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy. Second opinion histopathology in 63 tumors confirmed the histologic diagnosis in all dogs and further characterized 53 adenocarcinomas. The median overall survival time was longer (p = 0.004) for adenocarcinomas (339d) compared to non-adenocarcinomas (55d). There was wide variation in first-order radiomic statistics across tumors. Mean Hounsfield units (HU) ratio (p = 0.042) and median mean HU ratio (p = 0.042) were higher in adenocarcinomas than in non-adenocarcinomas. For dogs with adenocarcinoma, completeness of excision was associated with overall survival (p<0.001) while higher mitotic index (p = 0.007) and histologic score (p = 0.037) were associated with shorter disease-free survival. CT-derived tumor variables prognostic for outcome included volume, maximum axial diameter, and four radiomic features: integral total, integral total mean ratio, total HU, and max mean HU ratio. Tumor volume was also significantly associated with tumor invasion (p = 0.044). Further study of radiomic features in canine lung tumors is warranted as a method to non-invasively interrogate CT images for potential predictive and prognostic utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Able
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HA); (JL)
| | - Amber Wolf-Ringwall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Ober
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Davis M. Seelig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Chris T. Wilke
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HA); (JL)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee BM, Clarke D, Watson M, Laver T. Retrospective evaluation of a modified human lung cancer stage classification in dogs with surgically excised primary pulmonary carcinomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:590-598. [PMID: 32115867 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The stage classification for canine primary pulmonary carcinomas (PPC) was last updated in 1980. In people, the human lung cancer stage classification (HLCSC) (currently in its eighth edition) plays an integral role in diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making and is prognostic despite a heterogeneous population of tumours. The objective of this retrospective case study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of a canine lung carcinoma stage classification (CLCSC) adapted from the HLCSC by removal of substage for ease of application to canine PPC. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy. Medical records of 71 dogs with histologically confirmed PPC were reviewed. All dogs underwent surgical excision of the primary lung tumour. Primary tumour features (referring to T1-T4 stages) and TNM stages (1-4) were assigned using the CLCSC. Canine lung carcinoma stage was I (n = 7), II (n = 32), III (n = 24) and IV (n = 8). Median survival time was 952, 658, 158 and 52 days for stages I-IV, respectively. Primary tumour features (T1-T4), incomplete surgical excision, presence of lymph node metastasis and tumour grade were independent prognostic indicators for overall survival. Twenty-six dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy; however, no statistically significant benefit was found. The CLCSC primary tumour features and stage classification were highly prognostic for survival in dogs with PPC. We propose further application and evaluation of this update to canine PPC stage classification. Given the poor prognosis of advanced stage canine PPC, novel treatments are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Lee
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Dawn Clarke
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Maegan Watson
- Blue Pearl Pet Hospital, Sandy Springs, Georgia, USA
| | - Travis Laver
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rose RJ, Worley DR. A Contemporary Retrospective Study of Survival in Dogs With Primary Lung Tumors: 40 Cases (2005-2017). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:519703. [PMID: 33195509 PMCID: PMC7645112 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.519703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To report the median survival time in a contemporary cohort of dogs with primary lung tumors and intrathoracic nodal metastasis. Design: Retrospective Case Series. Animals (or sample): Dogs with primary lung tumors treated with lung lobectomy and lymph node biopsy. Procedures: The medical record database at Colorado State University was queried for dogs with primary lung tumors from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2017. Patients were identified for inclusion if they had lung lobectomy and an intrathoracic lymph node biopsy performed. The median survival time (MST) for lymph node positive (LN+) and negative dogs (LN–) was calculated as well as the MST in dogs that did or did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Differences were compared between groups with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The MST in LN+ dogs (n = 11) was 167 days which was not statistically different from LN– dogs (n = 29) at 456 days (p = 0.2407). No significant difference in the MST in LN+ dogs was identified between dogs that received adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 4; 110 days) and those that did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 6; 125 days) (p = 0.4409). There was no difference in survival time in LN– dogs receiving chemotherapy (n = 12; 335 days) as compared to those LN– dogs (n = 10) that did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (258.5 days; p = 0.6475). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: The survival of primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs with intrathoracic nodal metastasis is longer than previously reported in this contemporary cohort. Chemotherapy did not appear to improve survival in LN+ or LN– dogs. The combination of tumor size between 100 and 999 cm3 and positive lymph node status significantly reduced survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J Rose
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Deanna R Worley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Griffin L, Frank CB, Seguin B. Pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of lymphotropic nanoparticle enhanced MRI for diagnosis of metastatic disease in canine head and neck tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:176-183. [PMID: 31381843 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This pilot study is designed to determine if lymphotropic nanoparticle enhanced MRI (LNMRI) is a viable technique for staging of naturally occurring canine malignant head and neck tumours. Previous imaging studies in veterinary medicine have shown variable sensitivity and specificity for determining metastasis for local lymph nodes in head and neck tumours. LNMRI utilizes ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIOs) to help in the detection of metastatic disease in lymph nodes. USPIOs are phagocytized and localized to normal lymph nodes where they assist in evaluation for regions of effacement by cancerous cells. Six dogs underwent LNMRI for the diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes. A truncated MRI consisting of transverse images of T2, T1 pre- and post-contrast and T2* sequences were evaluated for presence of metastasis. Sentinel lymph nodes and lymph nodes with possible metastatic lesions were surgically excised for histological evaluation. In the initial phase of this study, 24 lymph nodes were included in analysis. Subjective observation by the primary investigator had a calculated sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 88% based on histological results. There were no negative side effects to the USPIOs noted in the limited number of patients in this study. Percentage signal intensity loss was calculated and found to be significantly different between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes (P-value = .038). In conclusion, this pilot study shows that LNMRI has the potential to be a sensitive and specific method of diagnosing lymph node metastasis. Further research is warranted to determine if this method is clinically applicable and accurate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Griffin
- Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging Department, Colorado State University, Environmental Health and Radiological Sciences Department, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Chad B Frank
- Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology Department, Colorado State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Bernard Seguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Polton G, Finotello R, Sabattini S, Rossi F, Laganga P, Vasconi ME, Barbanera A, Stiborova K, Rohrer Bley C, Marconato L. Survival analysis of dogs with advanced primary lung carcinoma treated by metronomic cyclophosphamide, piroxicam and thalidomide. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:399-408. [PMID: 29508493 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Unresectable or metastatic (advanced) primary pulmonary carcinoma (PPC) represents a therapeutic challenge where surgery may be contraindicated and the therapeutic role of maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy remains uncertain. This study was undertaken to explore the impact of metronomic chemotherapy (MC) in dogs with advanced PPC. Previously untreated dogs with advanced (T3 or N1 or M1) PPC, with complete staging work-up and follow-up data, receiving MC (comprising low-dose cyclophosphamide, piroxicam and thalidomide), surgery, MTD chemotherapy or no oncologic treatment were eligible for inclusion. For all patients, time to progression (TTP) and survival time (ST) were evaluated. Quality-of-life (QoL) was only evaluated in patients receiving MC. To assess QoL, owners of dogs receiving MC were asked to complete a questionnaire before and during treatment. Ninety-one dogs were included: 25 received MC, 36 were treated with surgery, 11 with MTD chemotherapy and 19 received no treatment. QoL was improved in dogs receiving MC. Median TTP was significantly longer in patients receiving MC (172 days) than patients undergoing surgery (87 days), receiving MTD chemotherapy (22 days), or no oncologic treatment (20 days). Median ST was similarly longer in patients receiving MC (139 days) than those undergoing surgery (92 days), MTD chemotherapy (61 days) and no oncologic treatment (60 days). In dogs with advanced PPC, MC achieved a measurable clinical benefit without significant risk or toxicity. This makes MC a potential alternative to other recognized management approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Surrey, UK
| | - R Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - S Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Rossi
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
| | - P Laganga
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
| | | | - A Barbanera
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
| | - K Stiborova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - C Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sakai K, Maeda S, Yamada Y, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Nakayama H, Yonezawa T, Matsuki N. Association of tumour-infiltrating regulatory T cells with adverse outcomes in dogs with malignant tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:330-336. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Sakai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Yamada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - J. K. Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Nakayama
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Beck J, Miller MA, Frank C, DuSold D, Ramos-Vara JA. Surfactant Protein A and Napsin A in the Immunohistochemical Characterization of Canine Pulmonary Carcinomas: Comparison With Thyroid Transcription Factor-1. Vet Pathol 2017; 54:767-774. [PMID: 28578631 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817712559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is a specific and sensitive marker for canine pulmonary tumors but is also expressed in thyroid carcinomas, which commonly metastasize to lung. Napsin A and surfactant protein A (SP-A) are used in the histologic diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer in humans but have not been thoroughly evaluated in neoplasms of dogs. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of immunohistochemistry for SP-A, napsin A, and TTF-1 in the diagnosis of canine pulmonary carcinomas. TTF-1, napsin A, and SP-A antibodies were applied to 67 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine pulmonary tumors. Although each marker had good sensitivity, only 3% (2/67) of lung tumors were negative for SP-A compared with 7% (5/67) and 9% (6/67) for napsin A and TTF-1, respectively. Each antigen was detected in a greater percentage of cells of tumors with acinar or papillary patterns compared with those with squamous differentiation. SP-A immunoreactivity was absent in all 113 nonpulmonary tumors tested. Of 108 normal tissues, SP-A was detected only in lung and in 1 of 6 adrenal, 1 of 3 endometrial, and 1 of 4 hepatic sections. Based on these findings, SP-A and napsin A are useful markers of canine lung epithelial neoplasia. Of these, SP-A is the most sensitive and specific (a possible pitfall is the need to distinguish entrapped normal pulmonary epithelial cells or alveolar macrophages from neoplastic cells) and can be used in combination with TTF-1 or napsin A to improve detection and differentiation of pulmonary carcinomas from metastatic tumors in the canine lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Beck
- 1 Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,2 Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A Miller
- 1 Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chad Frank
- 3 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dee DuSold
- 1 Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Park J, Lee HB, Jeong SM. Treatment of a giant pulmonary emphysematous cyst with primary bronchoalveolar papillary carcinoma in a Shih Tzu dog. Vet Surg 2016; 46:158-164. [PMID: 27898174 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the surgical treatment of a pulmonary emphysematous cyst concurrent with primary pulmonary bronchoalveolar papillary carcinoma in a dog. STUDY DESIGN Clinical case report. ANIMALS 12-year-old 6.4 kg spayed female Shih Tzu dog. METHODS The dog presented for surgical treatment of pulmonary emphysema. Radiography revealed that more than half of the left caudal lung lobe was enlarged and hyperlucent and computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of an emphysematous space. Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy was attempted but was converted to an intercostal thoracotomy due to poor visualization and pleural adhesions. A left caudal total lung lobectomy was performed using a self-cutting endoscopic stapler. RESULTS The dog recovered uneventfully and a postoperative histopathologic diagnosis of pulmonary cystic bronchoalveolar papillary carcinoma was made. Re-evaluation using a CT scan with contrast study on postoperative days 27 and 177 revealed no evidence of residual, metastatic, or recurrent lesions. The dog has been doing well since surgery during the 11 month follow-up period. CONCLUSION This case report suggests a potential relationship between pulmonary emphysematous diseases and primary lung tumors in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Beom Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Mok Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chamel G, Gourlan AT, Télouk P, Sayag D, Milliard V, Loiseau C, Simon M, Buff S, Ponce F. Retrospective evaluation of blood copper stable isotopes ratio65Cu/63Cu as a biomarker of cancer in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1323-1332. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Chamel
- Clinical Unit of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; University of Lyon; Lyon France
| | | | - P. Télouk
- Univ Lyon, ENS-Lyon; Université Lyon; Lyon France
| | - D. Sayag
- Clinical Unit of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; University of Lyon; Lyon France
| | - V. Milliard
- CRB-ANIM, UPSP ICE 2011-03-101; University of Lyon; Lyon France
| | - C. Loiseau
- CRB-ANIM, UPSP ICE 2011-03-101; University of Lyon; Lyon France
| | - M. Simon
- Univ Lyon, ENS-Lyon; Université Lyon; Lyon France
| | - S. Buff
- CRB-ANIM, UPSP ICE 2011-03-101; University of Lyon; Lyon France
- Department of Theriogenology, CERREC; University of Lyon; Lyon France
| | - F. Ponce
- Clinical Unit of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; University of Lyon; Lyon France
- CRB-ANIM, UPSP ICE 2011-03-101; University of Lyon; Lyon France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wavreille V, Boston SE, Souza C, Ham K, Chanoit G, Rossetti D, Takacs J, Milner R. Outcome After Pneumonectomy in 17 Dogs and 10 Cats: A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology Case Series. Vet Surg 2016; 45:782-9. [PMID: 27399196 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the signalment, presenting clinical signs, surgical complications, histologic diagnosis, postoperative complications, and outcome of dogs and cats undergoing pneumonectomy. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series; multicenter study. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs (n=17) and cats (n=10). METHODS Signalment, clinical signs, side affected, surgical data, preoperative diagnostic tests (including complete blood count, serum biochemistry, cytologic diagnosis, chest radiographs, and computed tomography), histologic diagnosis, surgical complications, adjunctive therapy, and date and cause of death were collected from records of dogs and cats that underwent pneumonectomy. Survival estimates and complication were assessed. RESULTS Seventeen animals had a left-sided pneumonectomy performed (12 dogs, 5 cats) and 10 animals had a right-sided pneumonectomy (5 dogs, 5 cats). Fourteen animals were diagnosed with neoplasia (52%). The overall incidence of complications for dogs and cats were 76 and 80%, respectively, with major complications in 41 and 50%, respectively. Respiratory complications (persistent pleural effusion, oxygen dependence, persistent increased respiratory rate, or coughing) were the most frequent complications. No animals died or were euthanatized intraoperative or within the first 24 hours postoperative. One dog (6%) and 2 cats (20%) died, or were euthanatized in the first 2 weeks postoperative. CONCLUSION Based on this case series, right and left pneumonectomy can be performed with low perioperative mortality in dogs and cats, with some animals experiencing prolonged survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wavreille
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - S E Boston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - C Souza
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - K Ham
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - G Chanoit
- School of Veterinary Sciences and Bristol CardioVascular, University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - D Rossetti
- Small Animal Surgery Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France
| | - J Takacs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - R Milner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Clemente-Vicario F, Alvarez CE, Rowell JL, Roy S, London CA, Kisseberth WC, Lorch G. Human Genetic Relevance and Potent Antitumor Activity of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition in Canine Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142007. [PMID: 26560147 PMCID: PMC4641597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been an open question how similar human and canine lung cancers are. This has major implications in availability of human treatments for dogs and in establishing translational models to test new therapies in pet dogs. The prognosis for canine advanced lung cancer is poor and new treatments are needed. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an ATPase-dependent molecular chaperone ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells. HSP90 is essential for posttranslational conformational maturation and stability of client proteins including protein kinases and transcription factors, many of which are important for the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. We investigated the activity of STA-1474, a HSP90 inhibitor, in two canine lung cancer cell lines, BACA and CLAC. Results Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of both cell lines revealed genetic relevance to human non-small cell lung cancer. STA-1474 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of both cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The ICs50 after 72 h treatment with STA-1474 were 0.08 and 0.11 μM for BACA and CLAC, respectively. When grown as spheroids, the IC50 of STA-1474 for BACA cells was approximately two-fold higher than when grown as a monolayer (0.348 μM vs. 0.168 μM), whereas CLAC spheroids were relatively drug resistant. Treatment of tumor-stromal fibroblasts with STA-1474 resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in their relative cell viability with a low IC50 of 0.28 μM. Conclusions Here we first established that lung adenocarcinoma in people and dogs are genetically and biochemically similar. STA1474 demonstrated biological activity in both canine lung cancer cell lines and tumor-stromal fibroblasts. As significant decreases in relative cell viability can be achieved with nanomolar concentrations of STA-1474, investigation into the clinical efficacy of this drug in canine lung cancer patients is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Clemente-Vicario
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Carlos E. Alvarez
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennie L. Rowell
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Satavisha Roy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. London
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William C. Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gwendolen Lorch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nunley J, Sutton J, Culp W, Wilson D, Coleman K, Demianiuk R, Schechter A, Moore G, Donovan T, Schwartz P. Primary pulmonary neoplasia in cats: assessment of computed tomography findings and survival. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:651-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Nunley
- Animal Medical Center; New York NY 10065 USA
| | - J. Sutton
- University of California-Davis; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - W. Culp
- University of California-Davis; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - D. Wilson
- University of California-Davis; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - K. Coleman
- Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - R. Demianiuk
- Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - A. Schechter
- Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - G. Moore
- Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - T. Donovan
- Animal Medical Center; New York NY 10065 USA
| | - P. Schwartz
- Animal Medical Center; New York NY 10065 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Herrera CL, Kim DY, Kumar SR, Bryan JN. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ protein expression is asymmetrically distributed in primary lung tumor and metastatic to lung osteosarcoma samples and does not correlate with gene methylation. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:230. [PMID: 26334880 PMCID: PMC4559327 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that plays important roles in cellular proliferation and differentiation. It has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in many solid tumors including human prostate, breast, colon, and lung cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the tissue distribution of PPAR-γ in normal canine lung, canine lung cancer, and metastatic to lung cancer, as well as determine the role, if any, of DNA methylation in epigenetic control of gene expression. The protein was studied using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and DNA methylation was studied using combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA), and methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Results PPAR-γ is expressed in all large conducting airways, particularly in goblet cells and bronchial glands, in the canine lung. The protein is also expressed in interstitial macrophages. PPAR-γ is expressed in 33 % of canine non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases and 66 % of metastatic osteosarcoma (OSA) cases. There is a significant loss of 5′ PPAR-γ methylation from normal lung to primary lung cancer and metastatic OSA (p = 0.0002), however altered PPAR-γ promoter methylation at the interrogated locus does not appear to be associated with changes in protein expression. Conclusions PPAR-γ protein is expressed in normal canine lung tissue, canine primary lung cancer, and metastatic OSA. Confirmation of PPAR-γ protein expression in tumor-bearing dogs supports the investigation of PPAR-γ agonists in this subset of veterinary patients. These results are the first to describe epigenetic marks and protein localization of PPAR-γ among different lung pathologies in the dog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chamisa L Herrera
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. .,Current Address: BluePearl Seattle, 11536 Lake City Way NE, Seattle, WA 98125, USA.
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Senthil R Kumar
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wouda RM, Miller ME, Chon E, Stein TJ. Clinical effects of vinorelbine administration in the management of various malignant tumor types in dogs: 58 cases (1997-2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015; 246:1230-7. [PMID: 25970220 PMCID: PMC4973570 DOI: 10.2460/javma.246.11.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of vinorelbine in the management of various malignant tumor types in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 58 dogs with malignant tumors, including pulmonary carcinoma (n = 31), histiocytic sarcoma (9), mast cell tumor (5), lymphoma (4), melanoma (2), and 7 other tumor types (1 each). PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs treated with vinorelbine from December 1997 to December 2012 were reviewed for data regarding signalment, clinical signs, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic test results, diagnostic imaging results, vinorelbine doses and dose frequency, surgery and radiotherapy details when applicable, other chemotherapeutics administered, and outcomes. Descriptive, comparative, and survival statistics were computed for all dogs and for dogs by histologic subgroup of tumors. RESULTS Vinorelbine was administered palliatively to 44 (76%) dogs. One (2%) dog had a complete response for 162 days, 5 (11%) dogs had a partial response for a median duration of 91 days, 19 (43%) dogs had stable disease for a median duration of 68 days, and 19 (43%) dogs developed progressive disease after a median duration of 21 days. Clinical benefit was more difficult to assess in the remaining 14 (24%) dogs that received vinorelbine as an adjuvant treatment. Overall median time to tumor progression was 103 days (range, 5 to 1,533 days). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Vinorelbine appeared to be effective in the treatment of several tumor types in dogs. Follow-up prospective studies of the clinical benefit of the drug in specific clinical scenarios will be necessary to support this conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raelene M Wouda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maritato KC, Schertel ER, Kennedy SC, Dudley R, Lamm C, Barnhart M, Kass P. Outcome and prognostic indicators in 20 cats with surgically treated primary lung tumors. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 16:979-84. [PMID: 24710595 PMCID: PMC11104090 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14530121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective study of 20 client-owned cats was to describe the clinical signs, surgical interventions, histological features, stage and treatments of primary lung tumors removed by surgical excision, and to determine which factors significantly influence survival. Any cat that underwent surgical resection of a primary lung tumor between 2000 and 2007 was included in the study. Patient records were reviewed and signalment, clinical signs, preoperative diagnostics, surgical findings and histopathological results recorded. Histological reports were reviewed and scored using World Health Organization criteria. The Kaplan-Meier test was used to evaluate each potential prognostic factor with survival. Twenty cats met the inclusion criteria. The presence of clinical signs (such as dyspnea) at the time of diagnosis (P = 0.032), pleural effusion (P = 0.046), stage M1 (P = 0.015), and moderately and poorly differentiated tumors on histopathology (P = 0.011) were factors that were significantly correlated with reduced survival times. The median survival time of the 20 cats was 11 days. Cats presenting with no clinical signs had a median survival time of 578 days post-surgery vs 4 days post-surgery when presented with clinical signs. Cats staged T1N0M0 lived longer than cats at other stages (P = 0.044). Of the cats that survived to the time of suture removal, median survival time was 64 days. The results indicate that the presence of clinical signs, pleural effusion, moderately and poorly differentiated tumors on histopathology, evidence of metastasis and any stage beyond T1N0M0 are negative prognostic indicators for cats with primary lung tumors. The findings demonstrate that cats that presented with clinical signs, pleural effusion, any stage other than T1N0M0, or moderately and poorly differentiated tumors on histopathology had a poor prognosis. Therefore, extensive preoperative diagnostics, including computed tomography scans, should be performed before considering surgical intervention in these cats. These findings may be used to guide therapeutic decision-making in cats diagnosed with primary lung tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Phillip Kass
- University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tuohy JL, Worley DR. Pulmonary lymph node charting in normal dogs with blue dye and scintigraphic lymphatic mapping. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:148-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
29
|
Steffey MA, Daniel L, Mayhew PD, Affolter VK, Soares JHN, Smith A. Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Extirpation of the Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes in Dogs. Vet Surg 2014; 44 Suppl 1:50-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele A. Steffey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| | - Leticia Daniel
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| | - Philipp D. Mayhew
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| | - Verena K. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| | - Joao H. N. Soares
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| | - Andrea Smith
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Epple LM, Bemis LT, Cavanaugh RP, Skope A, Mayer-Sonnenfeld T, Frank C, Olver CS, Lencioni AM, Dusto NL, Tal A, Har-Noy M, Lillehei KO, Katsanis E, Graner MW. Prolonged remission of advanced bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma in a dog treated with autologous, tumour-derived chaperone-rich cell lysate (CRCL) vaccine. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:390-8. [PMID: 23786302 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.800997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper presents the treatment of a 12-year-old female spayed Great Dane who presented with vestibular signs (ataxia, nystagmus, hind end collapse). Thoracic radiographs revealed a discrete pulmonary nodule in the right cranial lung lobe. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirate detected primary bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma, verified via computed tomography, with a second smaller nodule discovered in the right cranial lung lobe. MATERIALS AND METHODS A lateral thoracotomy with right cranial lung lobectomy was performed. Histopathological analysis of the nodules and an excised lymph node identified grade III bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma with vascular infiltration and lymph node metastasis - a grim diagnosis with a reported median survival time of 6-27 days. A 10-g sample of the tumour was processed into a chaperone-rich cell lysate (CRCL) vaccine, which was administered weekly to the patient. Imiquimod - a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist - was applied topically for the first 12 treatments to stimulate local Langerhans cells. A single injection of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was administered for additional immune stimulation at week 30 of treatment. RESULTS The dog remained stable and in otherwise good health until diffuse relapse occurred 44 weeks after the initial treatment; following gastrointestinal bleeding, the dog was euthanised 50+ weeks post diagnosis. CONCLUSION To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of significantly prolonged survival following a diagnosis of grade III/stage III bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma in a canine patient. This case report suggests that CRCL vaccine combined with topical imiquimod is a safe, effective treatment for canine tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Epple
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Cancer Biology Section, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sabattini S, Mancini FR, Marconato L, Bacci B, Rossi F, Vignoli M, Bettini G. EGFR overexpression in canine primary lung cancer: pathogenetic implications and impact on survival. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 12:237-48. [PMID: 22994149 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the main clinicopathological features of primary lung cancer (PLC) in 37 dogs, with special regard to the pathogenetic and prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression. For each case the following characteristics were evaluated: tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, tumour histotype, histological grade, mitotic activity and immunohistochemical expression of EGFR. In samples with available normal lung tissue, the amount of background anthracosis was also measured by image analysis. In 27 tumours (73%) a variable number of cells (20-100%) stained positively for EGFR. The proportion of EGFR-positive tumours was significantly higher in cases with background anthracosis, and the amount of anthracosis was correlated with the percentage of positive tumour cells. Additionally, a trend towards shortened survival for the high EGFR group was observed. These findings suggest an involvement of EGFR signalling pathway in canine PLC, a negative prognostic significance of protein overexpression and its potential implication in air pollution carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
SUMMARY The primary purpose of diagnostic imaging is to enable clinicians to make correct decisions about a patient's diagnosis and severity of its condition and, thereby, to contribute to effective and efficient treatment. Advanced imaging modalities are inherently better detectors of morphological lesions than radiography; hence, they offer the possibility of more accurate diagnosis and staging, with correspondingly better patient outcomes. However, there is a lack of evidence that better outcomes are being realised for veterinary patients. Furthermore, increased use of advanced imaging carries the possibility of increased misuse, primarily through unnecessary studies that contribute little to patient management other than increased costs. SCOPE This article is intended to be relevant to all veterinary species. Advanced imaging of cats is not sufficiently developed as a specific discipline that a balanced review could be based purely on feline examples or references.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Lamb
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Association between environmental dust exposure and lung cancer in dogs. Vet J 2010; 186:364-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
34
|
Laksito MA, Chambers BA, Yates GD. Thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy in the dog: report of two cases. Aust Vet J 2010; 88:263-7. [PMID: 20579032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2010.00587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The benefits and application of thoracoscopy with selective ventilation, as an adjunct to thoracotomy, in facilitating pleural exploration and lung lobectomy in two dogs are presented. Similar thoracoscopic-assisted procedures are commonly used in human patients because there is better exposure and they are technically less demanding than thoracoscopy alone, while causing less postoperative morbidity than conventional thoracotomy. There are no previous reports of thoracoscopic-assisted surgery in the veterinary literature. In the cases described, thoracoscopic-assisted mini-thoracotomy was an effective, minimally-invasive approach for ipsilateral hemithorax exploration and lung lobectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Laksito
- The University of Melbourne Veterinary Clinical Centre, Werribee 3030, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Webster JD, Dennis MM, Dervisis N, Heller J, Bacon NJ, Bergman PJ, Bienzle D, Cassali G, Castagnaro M, Cullen J, Esplin DG, Peña L, Goldschmidt MH, Hahn KA, Henry CJ, Hellmén E, Kamstock D, Kirpensteijn J, Kitchell BE, Amorim RL, Lenz SD, Lipscomb TP, McEntee M, McGill LD, McKnight CA, McManus PM, Moore AS, Moore PF, Moroff SD, Nakayama H, Northrup NC, Sarli G, Scase T, Sorenmo K, Schulman FY, Shoieb AM, Smedley RC, Spangler WL, Teske E, Thamm DH, Valli VE, Vernau W, Euler HV, Withrow SJ, Weisbrode SE, Yager J, Kiupel M. Recommended Guidelines for the Conduct and Evaluation of Prognostic Studies in Veterinary Oncology. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:7-18. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810377187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Webster
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M. M. Dennis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N. Dervisis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - J. Heller
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N. J. Bacon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - D. Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - G. Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M. Castagnaro
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology, and Veterinary Hygiene, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - J. Cullen
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | | | - L. Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. H. Goldschmidt
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - K. A. Hahn
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, Kansas
| | - C. J. Henry
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - E. Hellmén
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D. Kamstock
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - J. Kirpensteijn
- Department of Companion Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - B. E. Kitchell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - R. L. Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Veterinary Medical School, UNESP, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. D. Lenz
- Depatment of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - T. P. Lipscomb
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC
| | - M. McEntee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | | | | | - A. S. Moore
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P. F. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | - H. Nakayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. C. Northrup
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - G. Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - T. Scase
- Bridge Pathology Ltd, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K. Sorenmo
- Ryan Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - F. Y. Schulman
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC
| | - A. M. Shoieb
- Pfizer, Drug Safety and Research Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - R. C. Smedley
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | - E. Teske
- Department of Companion Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D. H. Thamm
- Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - V. E. Valli
- VDx Veterinary Diagnostics, Davis, California
| | - W. Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - H. von Euler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. J. Withrow
- Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - S. E. Weisbrode
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - J. Yager
- Yager-Best Histovet, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Kiupel
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Burgess HJ, Kerr ME. Cytokeratin and vimentin co-expression in 21 canine primary pulmonary epithelial neoplasms. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 21:815-20. [PMID: 19901281 DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin has been traditionally associated with a few select tumors. However, this phenomenon is being recognized in a wider range of tumors. Twenty-one canine primary pulmonary epithelial neoplasms were evaluated for the co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin. The histologic pattern and grade, and an immunohistochemical grade for cytokeratin and vimentin staining, were determined for each neoplasm. Adenocarcinomas predominated, and histologically, most tumors were grade II. All of the neoplasms stained positive for cytokeratin, while only 8 (38%) stained positive for both vimentin and cytokeratin. Papillary adenocarcinomas were consistently vimentin negative. The anaplastic histologic pattern had significantly more vimentin staining than the other histologic patterns. There was no significant difference in histologic grade or grading criteria between those tumors that stained with vimentin and those that did not. The present study established that cytokeratin and vimentin co-expression occurs in canine primary pulmonary epithelial tumors at a similar frequency to human pulmonary neoplasms. Further investigation will be needed to characterize the significance of this finding, particularly with respect to prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary J Burgess
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
BALLEGEER ELIZABETHA, ADAMS WILLIAMM, DUBIELZIG RICHARDR, PAOLONI MELISSAC, KLAUER JULIAM, KEULER NICHOLASS. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY CHARACTERISTICS OF CANINE TRACHEOBRONCHIAL LYMPH NODE METASTASIS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:397-403. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
38
|
Bettini G, Marconato L, Morini M, Ferrari F. Thyroid transcription factor-1 immunohistochemistry: diagnostic tool and malignancy marker in canine malignant lung tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 7:28-37. [PMID: 19222828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2008.00166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Distinguishing primary lung carcinomas (PLCs) from metastases is a challenging task. The diagnostic and prognostic relevance of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), a nuclear protein expressed in follicular cells of the thyroid gland and pneumocytes, was tested in 34 primary and 27 nonprimary canine lung tumours. Normal pneumocytes stained negatively in 14 PLCs because of overfixation or prolonged storage of paraffin blocks and were excluded from the study. Among the 20 immunoreactive PLCs, 17 showed strong nuclear positivity. The three tumours that scored negative were two squamous cell and one papillary carcinoma. Metastatic tumours were always negative. TTF-1 was 100% specific and 85% sensitive for PLCs. There was no significant relationship among the percentage of labelled tumour cells (TTF-1 index) and the considered clinicopathological parameters (age, gender, histological type, tumour grade, TNM stage, node status and MIB-1 index). TTF-1 immunohistochemistry may give useful additional information regarding the origin of canine lung tumours, whereas its prognostic use still needs to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|