1
|
Zhong S, Zhao P, Peng X, Li HJ, Duan Q, Cheung AY. From gametes to zygote: Mechanistic advances and emerging possibilities in plant reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:4-35. [PMID: 38431529 PMCID: PMC11060694 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang HT, Gao J, Ou J, Li HY, Hong PP, Shu YM, Li T. Could the presence and proportion of three/multiple pronuclei (3PN/MPN) zygotes indicate the cytoplasmic maturation state of oocyte cohort in conventional IVF patients? J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2024; 53:102738. [PMID: 38336231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2024.102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Although abnormally fertilized zygotes with three or multiple pronuclei (3 PN/MPN) are commonly believed to be associated with improper maturation of the oocyte cytoplasm in conventional IVF cycles, no studies investigated the association between the proportion of MPN zygotes and the maturation state of the oocyte cohort. We compared the cytoplasmic maturity of oocytes from conventional IVF cycles with different proportions of 3 PN/MPN zygotes. A total of 1428 conventional IVF patients with ≥6 oocytes retrieved and fresh embryos transferred were divided into 4 groups according to the proportions of 3 PN/MPN zygotes. The pregnancy outcomes and the proportion of nuclear immature oocytes were analyzed to suggest the cytoplasmic maturation state of the oocyte cohort. Our results showed that the group with a low proportion of 3 PN/MPN zygotes had a higher clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) than those without 3 PN/MPN zygotes (P < 0.05). However, the live birth rate (LBR) was not significantly different between the two groups. The implantation rate (IR), CPR, and LBR did not differ between the low-proportion and high-proportion 3 PN/MPN groups. The proportion of nuclear immature oocytes on day 1 was highest in the group without 3 PN/MPN zygotes (23.8 %) and gradually decreased with an increased proportion of 3 PN/MPN zygotes (P < 0.001). Therefore, the presence of 3 PN/MPN zygotes after conventional IVF may indicate a more mature cytoplasmic state of the oocyte cohort, and the increased proportion of 3 PN/MPN zygotes is associated with an increased maturation state of the whole oocyte cohort. The occurrence and proportion of 3 PN/MPN zygotes may serve as an indicator for the cytoplasmic maturity of the oocyte cohort and help clinicians evaluate the efficiency of ovarian stimulation and optimize the stimulation protocols in subsequent cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Tian Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 6# East Longkou Road, Gangding, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Jing Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 6# East Longkou Road, Gangding, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Jianping Ou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 6# East Longkou Road, Gangding, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 6# East Longkou Road, Gangding, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Ping-Ping Hong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 6# East Longkou Road, Gangding, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Yi-Min Shu
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Women & Infants Hospital/The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 6# East Longkou Road, Gangding, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fukuoka M, Kang W, Katano D, Horiike S, Miyado M, Tanaka M, Miyado K, Yamada M. Overdue Calcium Oscillation Causes Polyspermy but Possibly Permits Normal Development in Mouse Eggs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:285. [PMID: 38203456 PMCID: PMC10779150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In some non-mammalian eggs, the fusion of one egg and multiple sperm (polyspermy) induces a robust rise in intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration due to a shortage of inducers carried by a single sperm. Instead, one of the sperm nuclei is selected inside the egg for normal embryogenesis. Polyspermy also occurs during the in vitro fertilization of human eggs; however, the fate of such eggs is still under debate. Hence, the relationship between polyspermy and repetitive Ca2+ increases (Ca2+ oscillation) in mammals remains unknown. To address this issue, we used mouse sperm lacking extramitochondrial citrate synthase (eCS), which functions as a Ca2+ oscillation inducer; its lack causes retarded Ca2+ oscillation initiation (eCs-KO sperm). Elevated sperm concentrations normalize Ca2+ oscillation initiation. As expected, eCS deficiency enhanced polyspermy in both zona pellucida (ZP)-free and ZP-intact eggs despite producing the next generation of eCs-KO males. In conclusion, similarly to non-mammalian eggs, mouse eggs may develop normally under polyspermy conditions caused by problematic Ca2+ oscillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mio Fukuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.F.); (M.T.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (W.K.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Woojin Kang
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (W.K.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Daiki Katano
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (W.K.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Sae Horiike
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (W.K.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Mami Miyado
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (W.K.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.F.); (M.T.); (M.Y.)
| | - Kenji Miyado
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (W.K.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Mitsutoshi Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.F.); (M.T.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (W.K.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu H, Che J, Zheng W, Cheng D, Gong F, Lu G, Lin G, Dai C. Novel biallelic ASTL variants are associated with polyspermy and female infertility: A successful live birth following ICSI treatment. Gene 2023; 887:147745. [PMID: 37640117 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization of the egg by the sperm is the first vital stage of embryogenesis. In mammals, only one sperm is incorporated into the oocyte. Polyspermy is a key anomaly of fertilization that is generally lethal to the embryo. To date, only a few causative genes for polyspermy have been reported. In a recent study, a homozygous variant in astacin-like metalloendopeptidase (ASTL), which encodes the ovastacin enzyme that cleaves ZP2 to prevent polyspermy, was found to be associated with female infertility characterized by polyspermy in vitro. Herein, we identified two ASTL variants in a Chinese woman likely responsible for her primary infertility and polyspermy in in vitro fertilization. Both variants were located within the key catalytic domain and predicted to alter hydrogen bonds, potentially impairing protein stability. Moreover, expression and immunoblot analyses in CHO-K1 cells indicated abnormal ovastacin zymogen activation or decreased enzyme stability. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment successfully bypassed the defect in polyspermy blocking and resulted in a live birth. Our study associates ASTL variants with human infertility and further supports the contribution of this gene to blocking polyspermy in humans. Our findings expand the spectrum of ASTL mutations and should facilitate the diagnosis of oocyte-borne polyspermy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Wu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jianfang Che
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dehua Cheng
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Can Dai
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin Y, Huang Y, Li B, Zhang T, Niu Y, Hu S, Ding Y, Yao G, Wei Z, Yao N, Yao Y, Lu Y, He Y, Zhu Q, Zhang L, Sun Y. Novel mutations in PLCZ1 lead to early embryonic arrest as a male factor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1193248. [PMID: 37261077 PMCID: PMC10227596 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1193248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic arrest is one of the causes of assist reproduction technology (ART) failure. We have previously reported that the first sperm-derived genetic factor, ACTL7a mutations, could lead to early embryonic arrest. However, whether there are other male genetic factors associated with early embryonic arrest remains elusive. Here, we reported bi-allelic mutations in PLCZ1, a well-known causal gene of total fertilization failure, in four infertile males. Among these mutations, p.403_404del, p.I489S, and p.W536X were newly reported in this study. Histological and Western blotting analysis of the patients' sperm indicated these variants as loss-of-function mutations. These patients manifested normal conventional semen parameters and ultra-structures in sperm heads. However, among four in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles, 81.8% (18/22) of the oocytes were polyspermic fertilized, which was rarely reported in PLCZ1-related male patients. In the following six ICSI cycles, artificial oocyte activation (AOA) was applied and successfully rescued the fertilization failure and polyspermy phenotypes, with 31.3% (15/48) of the MII oocytes normally fertilized. However, 60.0% (9/15) of these normally fertilized zygotes were arrested at 2-5-cell stage, with one failing to cleave, indicating that PLCZ1 was not only necessary for fertilization, but also crucial for early embryonic development. However, these rescued zygotes showed a lower potential in developing into blastocysts when cultured in vitro. Thus, fresh cleavage transfer was tried and two live births were successfully achieved thereafter. In conclusion, this study provided novel mutations in PLCZ1 gene to expand the pathogenic mutational spectrum in male infertility and demonstrated that PLCZ1 was a crucial sperm-related genetic factor for early embryonic arrest. We also proposed that cleavage transfer after ICSI and AOA treatment could be a potential treatment method for male patients carrying bi-allelic mutations in PLCZ1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Lin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyu Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Niu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuanggang Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangxin Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yejie Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqiong He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinling Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Coster T, Masset H, Tšuiko O, Catteeuw M, Zhao Y, Dierckxsens N, Aparicio AL, Dimitriadou E, Debrock S, Peeraer K, de Ruijter-Villani M, Smits K, Van Soom A, Vermeesch JR. Parental genomes segregate into distinct blastomeres during multipolar zygotic divisions leading to mixoploid and chimeric blastocysts. Genome Biol 2022; 23:201. [PMID: 36184650 PMCID: PMC9528162 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During normal zygotic division, two haploid parental genomes replicate, unite and segregate into two biparental diploid blastomeres. Results Contrary to this fundamental biological tenet, we demonstrate here that parental genomes can segregate to distinct blastomeres during the zygotic division resulting in haploid or uniparental diploid and polyploid cells, a phenomenon coined heterogoneic division. By mapping the genomic landscape of 82 blastomeres from 25 bovine zygotes, we show that multipolar zygotic division is a tell-tale of whole-genome segregation errors. Based on the haplotypes and live-imaging of zygotic divisions, we demonstrate that various combinations of androgenetic, gynogenetic, diploid, and polyploid blastomeres arise via distinct parental genome segregation errors including the formation of additional paternal, private parental, or tripolar spindles, or by extrusion of paternal genomes. Hence, we provide evidence that private parental spindles, if failing to congress before anaphase, can lead to whole-genome segregation errors. In addition, anuclear blastomeres are common, indicating that cytokinesis can be uncoupled from karyokinesis. Dissociation of blastocyst-stage embryos further demonstrates that whole-genome segregation errors might lead to mixoploid or chimeric development in both human and cow. Yet, following multipolar zygotic division, fewer embryos reach the blastocyst stage and diploidization occurs frequently indicating that alternatively, blastomeres with genome-wide errors resulting from whole-genome segregation errors can be selected against or contribute to embryonic arrest. Conclusions Heterogoneic zygotic division provides an overarching paradigm for the development of mixoploid and chimeric individuals and moles and can be an important cause of embryonic and fetal arrest following natural conception or IVF. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02763-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tine De Coster
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Heleen Masset
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga Tšuiko
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maaike Catteeuw
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dierckxsens
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ainhoa Larreategui Aparicio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eftychia Dimitriadou
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Debrock
- Leuven University Fertility Center, University Hospitals of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Peeraer
- Leuven University Fertility Center, University Hospitals of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta de Ruijter-Villani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Woman and Baby, Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Smits
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kobanawa M. Fertilization, embryo culture, and clinical results using low lactate embryo culture medium for pre‐culture, insemination, and beyond. Reprod Med Biol 2022; 21:e12458. [PMID: 35414763 PMCID: PMC8986977 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We focused on the metabolism of oocytes in pre‐culture and insemination and compared these results between our existing fertilization medium, GEMS Fertilisation Medium (GEMS group) (Merck BioPharma) and Continuous Single Culture Medium—NX Complete (CSCM‐NXC group) (FUJIFILM Irvine Scientific). Methods Patients under 42 years of age were received controlled ovarian stimulation and oocytes were retrieved. Those were pre‐cultured and fertilized with either GEMS fertilization medium or CSCM‐NXC. After fertilization was confirmed, embryos were cultured using CSCM‐NXC in both groups. The embryos were cryopreserved at blastocyst stage (3BB or more, Gardner classification) and then transferred in HRT cycles. Results The fertilization rate of both groups was the same, but the 3PN rate was significantly lower in the CSCM‐NXC group. In terms of embryo culture results, the CSCM‐NXC group had a significantly higher rate of good quality blastocysts, high‐grade embryos, and embryos with a high degree of expansion. Conclusions The use of CSCM‐NXC, a low lactate embryo culture medium, from pre‐culture and for insemination, increases the energy metabolic efficiency of oocytes and cumulus cells, making it possible to supply sufficient energy ATP for fertilization and early division, which is thought to promote good embryonic development.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rojas J, Hinostroza F, Vergara S, Pinto-Borguero I, Aguilera F, Fuentes R, Carvacho I. Knockin' on Egg's Door: Maternal Control of Egg Activation That Influences Cortical Granule Exocytosis in Animal Species. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:704867. [PMID: 34540828 PMCID: PMC8446563 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.704867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization by multiple sperm leads to lethal chromosomal number abnormalities, failed embryo development, and miscarriage. In some vertebrate and invertebrate eggs, the so-called cortical reaction contributes to their activation and prevents polyspermy during fertilization. This process involves biogenesis, redistribution, and subsequent accumulation of cortical granules (CGs) at the female gamete cortex during oogenesis. CGs are oocyte- and egg-specific secretory vesicles whose content is discharged during fertilization to block polyspermy. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms controlling critical aspects of CG biology prior to and after the gametes interaction. This allows to block polyspermy and provide protection to the developing embryo. We also examine how CGs form and are spatially redistributed during oogenesis. During egg activation, CG exocytosis (CGE) and content release are triggered by increases in intracellular calcium and relies on the function of maternally-loaded proteins. We also discuss how mutations in these factors impact CG dynamics, providing unprecedented models to investigate the genetic program executing fertilization. We further explore the phylogenetic distribution of maternal proteins and signaling pathways contributing to CGE and egg activation. We conclude that many important biological questions and genotype–phenotype relationships during fertilization remain unresolved, and therefore, novel molecular players of CG biology need to be discovered. Future functional and image-based studies are expected to elucidate the identity of genetic candidates and components of the molecular machinery involved in the egg activation. This, will open new therapeutic avenues for treating infertility in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Japhet Rojas
- Laboratorio Fisiología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Fernando Hinostroza
- Laboratorio Fisiología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Sebastián Vergara
- Laboratorio Fisiología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ingrid Pinto-Borguero
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Aguilera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ricardo Fuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ingrid Carvacho
- Laboratorio Fisiología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Costermans NGJ, Teerds KJ, Middelkoop A, Roelen BAJ, Schoevers EJ, van Tol HTA, Laurenssen B, Koopmanschap RE, Zhao Y, Blokland M, van Tricht F, Zak L, Keijer J, Kemp B, Soede NM. Consequences of negative energy balance on follicular development and oocyte quality in primiparous sows†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:388-398. [PMID: 31504218 PMCID: PMC7016286 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic demands of modern hybrid sows have increased over the years, which increases the chance that sows enter a substantial negative energy balance (NEB) during lactation. This NEB can influence the development of follicles and oocytes that will give rise to the next litter. To study effects of a lactational NEB on follicular development, we used 36 primiparous sows of which 18 were subjected to feed restriction (3.25 kg/day) and 18 were full-fed (6.5 kg/day) during the last 2 weeks of a 24.1 ± 0.3 day lactation. Feed restriction resulted in a 70% larger lactational body weight loss and 76% higher longissimus dorsi depth loss, but similar amounts of backfat loss compared to the full fed sows. These changes were accompanied by lower plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and higher plasma creatinine levels in the restricted sows from the last week of lactation onward. Ovaries were collected 48 h after weaning. Restricted sows had a lower average size of the 15 largest follicles (−26%) and cumulus–oocyte complexes showed less expansion after 22 h in vitro maturation (−26%). Less zygotes of restricted sows reached the metaphase stage 24 h after in vitro fertilization and showed a higher incidence of polyspermy (+89%). This shows that feed restriction had severe consequences on oocyte developmental competence. Follicular fluid of restricted sows had lower IGF1 (−56%) and steroid levels (e.g., β-estradiol, progestins, and androgens), which indicated that follicles of restricted sows were less competent to produce steroids and growth factors needed for oocytes to obtain full developmental competence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N G J Costermans
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - K J Teerds
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Middelkoop
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - B A J Roelen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E J Schoevers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H T A van Tol
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B Laurenssen
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R E Koopmanschap
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Y Zhao
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Blokland
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - F van Tricht
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Zak
- TopigsNorsvin Research Center B. V., Beuningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N M Soede
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Haddad M, Stewart J, Xie P, Cheung S, Trout A, Keating D, Parrella A, Lawrence S, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo GD. Thoughts on the popularity of ICSI. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 38:101-123. [PMID: 33155089 PMCID: PMC7823003 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is the most widely utilized assisted reproductive technique (ART) worldwide. In this feature, we review the early assisted fertilization attempts that eventually led to the development of ICSI, and discuss its current utilization in cases of male and non-male factor infertility. Methods We researched the literature related to the development, indications, and current use of ICSI, such as sperm structural abnormalities, male genetic indications, surgically retrieved sperm, high sperm chromatin fragmentation, oocyte dysmorphism, and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). We also describe the potential future applications of ICSI. Results This review summarizes the early micromanipulation techniques that led to the inception of ICSI. We also explore its current indications, including non-male factor infertility, where its use is more controversial. Finally, we consider the benefits of future advancements in reproductive biology that may incorporate ICSI, such as in vitro spermatogenesis, neogametogenesis, and heritable genome editing. Conclusion The versatility, consistency, and reliability of ICSI have made it the most prevalently utilized ART procedure worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Haddad
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Stewart
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip Xie
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Cheung
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aysha Trout
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derek Keating
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra Parrella
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sherina Lawrence
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zev Rosenwaks
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gianpiero D Palermo
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chung MT, Tzeng CR, Chen CH, Chan C, Chang YE, Wu YH, Chen CH. Live euploid birth and complete hydatid mole, followed by partial hydatid mole after ICSI. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1533-1536. [PMID: 29860577 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tzeung Chung
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Taipei City Hospital Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Ruey Tzeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cindy Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-En Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Magdanz V, Medina-Sánchez M, Schwarz L, Xu H, Elgeti J, Schmidt OG. Spermatozoa as Functional Components of Robotic Microswimmers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606301. [PMID: 28323360 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the combination of synthetic micro- and nanomaterials with spermatozoa as functional components has led to the development of tubular and helical spermbots - microrobotic devices with potential applications in the biomedical and nanotechnological field. Here, the initial advances in this field are discussed and the use of spermatozoa as functional parts in microdevices elaborated. Besides the potential uses of these hybrid robotic microswimmers, the obstacles along the way are discussed, with suggestions for solutions of the encountered challenges also given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Magdanz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden e.V., Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden e.V., Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwarz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden e.V., Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden e.V., Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Elgeti
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden e.V., Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Würzburger Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McCoy RC. Mosaicism in Preimplantation Human Embryos: When Chromosomal Abnormalities Are the Norm. Trends Genet 2017; 33:448-463. [PMID: 28457629 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Along with errors in meiosis, mitotic errors during post-zygotic cell division contribute to pervasive aneuploidy in human embryos. Relatively little is known, however, about the genesis of these errors or their fitness consequences. Rapid technological advances are helping to close this gap, revealing diverse molecular mechanisms contributing to mitotic error. These include altered cell cycle checkpoints, aberrations of the centrosome, and failed chromatid cohesion, mirroring findings from cancer biology. Recent studies are challenging the idea that mitotic error is abnormal, emphasizing that the fitness impacts of mosaicism depend on its scope and severity. In light of these findings, technical and philosophical limitations of various screening approaches are discussed, along with avenues for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv C McCoy
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheeseman LP, Boulanger J, Bond LM, Schuh M. Two pathways regulate cortical granule translocation to prevent polyspermy in mouse oocytes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13726. [PMID: 27991490 PMCID: PMC5187413 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An egg must be fertilized by a single sperm only. To prevent polyspermy, the zona pellucida, a structure that surrounds mammalian eggs, becomes impermeable upon fertilization, preventing the entry of further sperm. The structural changes in the zona upon fertilization are driven by the exocytosis of cortical granules. These translocate from the oocyte's centre to the plasma membrane during meiosis. However, very little is known about the mechanism of cortical granule translocation. Here we investigate cortical granule transport and dynamics in live mammalian oocytes by using Rab27a as a marker. We show that two separate mechanisms drive their transport: myosin Va-dependent movement along actin filaments, and an unexpected vesicle hitchhiking mechanism by which cortical granules bind to Rab11a vesicles powered by myosin Vb. Inhibiting cortical granule translocation severely impaired the block to sperm entry, suggesting that translocation defects could contribute to miscarriages that are caused by polyspermy.
Mammalian eggs release cortical granules to avoid being fertilized by more than a single sperm as polyspermy results in nonviable embryos. Here, the authors describe the mechanism driving translocation of the granules to the cortex in the mouse egg and show this process is essential to prevent polyspermy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Cheeseman
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jérôme Boulanger
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Lisa M Bond
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Melina Schuh
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Batista RITP, Moro LN, Corbin E, Alminana C, Souza-Fabjan JMG, de Figueirêdo Freitas VJ, Mermillod P. Combination of oviduct fluid and heparin to improve monospermic zygotes production during porcine in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology 2016; 86:495-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
Nikiforaki D, Vanden Meerschaut F, De Gheselle S, Qian C, Van den Abbeel E, De Vos WH, Deroo T, De Sutter P, Heindryckx B. Sperm involved in recurrent partial hydatidiform moles cannot induce the normal pattern of calcium oscillations. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:581-588.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
17
|
Kryzak CA, Moraine MM, Kyle DD, Lee HJ, Cubeñas-Potts C, Robinson DN, Evans JP. Prophase I mouse oocytes are deficient in the ability to respond to fertilization by decreasing membrane receptivity to sperm and establishing a membrane block to polyspermy. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:44. [PMID: 23863404 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes occurring as the prophase I oocyte matures to metaphase II are critical for the acquisition of competence for normal egg activation and early embryogenesis. A prophase I oocyte cannot respond to a fertilizing sperm as a metaphase II egg does, including the ability to prevent polyspermic fertilization. Studies here demonstrate that the competence for the membrane block to polyspermy is deficient in prophase I mouse oocytes. In vitro fertilization experiments using identical insemination conditions result in monospermy in 87% of zona pellucida (ZP)-free metaphase II eggs, while 92% of ZP-free prophase I oocytes have four or more fused sperm. The membrane block is associated with a postfertilization reduction in the capacity to support sperm binding, but this reduction in sperm-binding capacity is both less robust and slower to develop in fertilized prophase I oocytes. Fertilization of oocytes is dependent on the tetraspanin CD9, but little to no release of CD9 from the oocyte membrane is detected, suggesting that release of CD9-containing vesicles is not essential for fertilization. The deficiency in membrane block establishment in prophase I oocytes correlates with abnormalities in two postfertilization cytoskeletal changes: sperm-induced cortical remodeling that results in fertilization cone formation and a postfertilization increase in effective cortical tension. These data indicate that cortical maturation is a component of cytoplasmic maturation during the oocyte-to-egg transition and that the egg cortex has to be appropriately primed and tuned to be responsive to a fertilizing sperm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassie A Kryzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang Z, Li J, Wang L, Yan J, Shi Y, Li S. Brief co-incubation of sperm and oocytes for in vitro fertilization techniques. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD009391. [PMID: 23633370 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009391.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The in vitro fertilization (IVF) technique is commonly used and is the only treatment option for a proportion of infertile couples. To obtain better outcomes of IVF, it is important to enhance embryo quality by optimizing IVF techniques. In IVF procedures, oocytes and sperm are routinely co-incubated overnight, which may expose oocytes and zygotes to suboptimal culture conditions with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by sperm in this long term culture. As an attempt to avoid possible detrimental effects on the oocytes from long exposure to sperm, the brief co-incubation insemination protocol was developed. However, despite a number of studies in this area, it is unclear whether brief co-incubation improves the IVF outcomes compared with the standard overnight insemination protocol. OBJECTIVES This Cochrane review aimed to determine whether brief co-incubation of sperm and oocytes improves outcomes compared with the standard overnight insemination protocol for women undergoing IVF. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Register (14 June 2012), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2012, 1st quarter), MEDLINE (1948 to 14 June 2012), EMBASE (1989 to 14 June 2012), PsycINFO (1806 to 14 June 2012) and CINAHL (1980 to 26 July 2012). In addition, we searched trials registers, reference lists of articles, conference proceedings (American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE)) and contacted experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing brief co-incubation of gametes with the standard overnight insemination protocol. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion and trial quality, and extracted data. Disagreements were resolved by discussion with a third author. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan software. MAIN RESULTS Eight RCTs with 733 women in total that compared brief co-incubation and the standard insemination protocol were included. Live birth was not reported in the included studies. For ongoing pregnancy rate, there were 127 ongoing pregnancies in two trials including 426 women. The low quality evidence showed that brief co-incubation was associated with an increased ongoing pregnancy rate compared to the standard insemination protocol (pooled odds ratio (OR) 2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55 to 3.77; P < 0.0001, I(2) = 0%). Measuring clinical pregnancy rate, there were 93 clinical pregnancies in three trials including 372 women. The low quality evidence showed that brief co-incubation was associated with a significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate than the overnight insemination protocol (pooled OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.85; P = 0.0006, I(2) = 0%). For the miscarriage rate, there were six miscarriages in one trial including 167 women. This low quality evidence suggested no significant difference in the odds of miscarriage between brief co-incubation and standard insemination (OR 1.98, 95% CI 0.35 to 11.09; P = 0.44). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review has provided evidence that brief co-incubation of sperm and oocytes may improve the ongoing pregnancy and clinical pregnancy rates for infertile women undergoing IVF cycles. More RCTs are required to assess whether brief co-incubation would contribute to a higher live birth rate and a lower miscarriage rate compared to the standard overnight insemination protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Huang
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China 2nd Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu,China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Grullón LA, Gadea J, Mondéjar I, Matás C, Romar R, Coy P. How is plasminogen/plasmin system contributing to regulate sperm entry into the oocyte? Reprod Sci 2013; 20:1075-82. [PMID: 23420828 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112473657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasminogen is present in the oviduct, on the zona pellucida (ZP) and on oolemma, and reduces the number of sperm penetrating the oocyte during in vitro fertilization in pig and cow. It is unknown how this reduction occurs. We tested whether plasminogen (1) changed the ZP resistance to enzymatic digestion thus making the passage of the spermatozoa across it difficult; (2) reduced the sperm functionality, assessed by sperm viability, motility, spontaneous acrosome reaction and membrane lipid disorder; or (3) affected the sperm-ZP binding before or after sperm-ZP interaction. The mechanism by which plasminogen/plasmin system contributes to regulate sperm entry into the oocyte is not inducing a ZP hardening or a decrease in sperm functionality but detaching more than 50% of sperm bound to the ZP. It is suggested that the fertilizing spermatozoon activates plasminogen into plasmin at the oocyte surface and that plasmin removes additional spermatozoa attached to the ZP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Grullón
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Cortical granules are membrane bound organelles located in the cortex of unfertilized oocytes. Following fertilization, cortical granules undergo exocytosis to release their contents into the perivitelline space. This secretory process, which is calcium dependent and SNARE protein-mediated pathway, is known as the cortical reaction. After exocytosis, the released cortical granule proteins are responsible for blocking polyspermy by modifying the oocytes' extracellular matrices, such as the zona pellucida in mammals. Mammalian cortical granules range in size from 0.2 um to 0.6 um in diameter and different from most other regulatory secretory organelles in that they are not renewed once released. These granules are only synthesized in female germ cells and transform an egg upon sperm entry; therefore, this unique cellular structure has inherent interest for our understanding of the biology of fertilization. Cortical granules are long thought to be static and awaiting in the cortex of unfertilized oocytes to be stimulated undergoing exocytosis upon gamete fusion. Not till recently, the dynamic nature of cortical granules is appreciated and understood. The latest studies of mammalian cortical granules document that this organelle is not only biochemically heterogeneous, but also displays complex distribution during oocyte development. Interestingly, some cortical granules undergo exocytosis prior to fertilization; and a number of granule components function beyond the time of fertilization in regulating embryonic cleavage and preimplantation development, demonstrating their functional significance in fertilization as well as early embryonic development. The following review will present studies that investigate the biology of cortical granules and will also discuss new findings that uncover the dynamic aspect of this organelle in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Private Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Reprogramming within hours following nuclear transfer into mouse but not human zygotes. Nat Commun 2011; 2:488. [PMID: 21971503 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilized mouse zygotes can reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state. Human zygotes might therefore be useful for producing patient-derived pluripotent stem cells. However, logistical, legal and social considerations have limited the availability of human eggs for research. Here we show that a significant number of normal fertilized eggs (zygotes) can be obtained for reprogramming studies. Using these zygotes, we found that when the zygotic genome was replaced with that of a somatic cell, development progressed normally throughout the cleavage stages, but then arrested before the morula stage. This arrest was associated with a failure to activate transcription in the transferred somatic genome. In contrast to human zygotes, mouse zygotes reprogrammed the somatic cell genome to a pluripotent state within hours after transfer. Our results suggest that there may be a previously unappreciated barrier to successful human nuclear transfer, and that future studies could focus on the requirements for genome activation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Xiong S, Han W, Liu JX, Zhang XD, Liu WW, Liu H, Huang GN. Effects of cumulus cells removal after 6 h co-incubation of gametes on the outcomes of human IVF. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:1205-11. [PMID: 21898104 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of cumulus cells removal after 6 h co-incubation of gametes on the fertilization, polyspermy, multinucleation and clinical pregnancy rates in human IVF. METHODS A total of 1,200 IVF-ET cycles undergoing 6 h co-incubation of gametes in 2009 were included in this study. Inclusion criteria were: female age <38 years, first IVF treatment, with bi-ovary and normal ovarian response, e.g., 4 ~ 20 oocytes could be obtained. A 6 h period of co-incubation was applied in all IVF cycles. According to the history of infertility, cumulus cells were mechanically removed either 6 h post-insemination or 20 h post-insemination. For couples with primary infertility, or unexplained infertility, or mild oligospermia or asthenospermia, the cumulus cells were removed at 6 h of insemination for the polar body observation (6 h group, n = 565). Of these, 80 cycles received early rescue ICSI due to fertilization failure or low fertilization rate at 6 h of insemination. For couples with secondary infertility and normal semen analysis, the cumulus cells were removed at 20 h of insemination as routine (20 h group, n = 635). Of these, three cycles received late rescue ICSI due to fertilization failure at 20 h of insemination. Normal fertilization, polyspermy (≥3PN), multinucleation and clinical pregnancy rates were compared between the two groups (rescue ICSI cycles were not included in the comparison in both groups). RESULTS Significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the groups regarding polyspermy rates (7.48% in 6 h group and 9.22% in 20 h group). No difference was observed between the groups regarding normal fertilization rates (2PN rate) (64.89% in 6 h group and 65.74% in 20 h group). No difference was observed between the groups regarding multinucleation and clinical pregnancy rates (11.01% and 65.15% in 6 h group, 10.75% and 66.93% in 20 h group, respectively). The clinical pregnancy rate was 51.43% in cycles receiving early rescue ICSI, while no clinical pregnancy was obtained in cycles receiving late rescue ICSI. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that cumulus cells removal at 6 h of insemination is a relatively safe operation, which yielded comparable normal fertilization rate, multinucleation and clinical pregnancy rates compared with 20 h group. This protocol may be beneficial for early obsevation of fertilization failure and make early rescue ICSI possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Xiong
- Chong Qing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 64 Jing Tang ST, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chromatin Quality as a Crucial Factor for the Success of Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Analyses of Unfertilized Oocytes, Polar Bodies and Arrested Zygotes. Balkan J Med Genet 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/v10034-010-0012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin Quality as a Crucial Factor for the Success of Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Analyses of Unfertilized Oocytes, Polar Bodies and Arrested ZygotesMaterial that is supernumerary or unsuitable for in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures is used for basic and for IVF-related research. Despite the disadvantages of such cells, they have contributed much to our understanding of the mechanisms and prevalence of different abnormalities.Fifty-four human unfertilized oocytes, 34 arrested bipronuclear zygotes and 15 polar bodies were fixed for analysis on the third day after in vitro insemination and were subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes for chromosomes 18, 21, X and Y (centromere for 18, X, Y and locus-specific for 21). The aim of the study was the comparison of FISH efficiency in differently condensed chromatin.The success of FISH analysis was over 60% of analyzed cells and it was dependent on the chromatin changes (condensation and/or fragmentation) during the culture period before cell fixation. Chromatin ageing was the crucial factor for the reduced success of FISH in both oocyte chromosomes (60.0%) and pronuclei (61.76%). The chromatin of second polar bodies (PBII), and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) of the sperm chromatin in oocytes was more suitable for FISH analysis (FISH success 75.0% in PBII and 64.29% in PCC) with both centromere and locus-specific probes.These results revealed the significance of early signs of in vitro cell ageing for the success of FISH analysis and for the interpretation of results in case of analysis of unfertilized human ova, polar bodies and arrested zygotes.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
A block to polyspermy is required for successful fertilisation and embryo survival in mammals. A higher incidence of polyspermy is observed during in vitro fertilisation (IVF) compared with the in vivo situation in several species. Two groups of mechanisms have traditionally been proposed as contributing to the block to polyspermy in mammals: oviduct-based mechanisms, avoiding a massive arrival of spermatozoa in the proximity of the oocyte, and egg-based mechanisms, including changes in the membrane and zona pellucida (ZP) in reaction to the fertilising sperm. Additionally, a mechanism has been described recently which involves modifications of the ZP in the oviduct before the oocyte interacts with spermatozoa, termed "pre-fertilisation zona pellucida hardening". This mechanism is mediated by the oviductal-specific glycoprotein (OVGP1) secreted by the oviductal epithelial cells around the time of ovulation, and is reinforced by heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (S-GAGs) present in oviductal fluid. Identification of the molecules contributing to the ZP modifications in the oviduct will improve our knowledge of the mechanisms of sperm-egg interaction and could help to increase the success of IVF systems in domestic animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Coy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Females that are socially bonded to a single male, either in a social monogamy or in a social polygyny, are often sexually polyandrous. Extrapair copulations (EPC) have often been suggested or rejected, on both empirical and theoretical grounds, as an important mechanism that enables females to avoid fertility risks in case their socially bonded male is infertile. Here, we explore this possibility in two steps. First, we present a mathematical model that assumes that females have no precopulatory information about male fertility, and shows that a female EPC strategy increases female reproductive success only if certain specific conditions are upheld in the nature of male infertility. In particular, these conditions require both (i) that fertile sperm precedence (FSP) is absent or incomplete within ejaculates of the same male (i.e. that an infertile male is, at least partly, truly infertile), and (ii) the existence of FSP among ejaculates of different males (such that infertile spermatozoa of the infertile male are at a disadvantage when competing against spermatozoa of a fertile male). Second, to evaluate their potential role in the evolution of female EPC, we review the abundance and FSP patterns of the different male infertility types. The conclusion is drawn that some common infertility types, such as poor sperm count or motility, contribute to the evolution of female EPC, whereas other common infertility types, such as sperm depletion or allocation in a social monogamy (but not in a social polygyny), and in particular male driven polyspermy, do not. Also, a deeper look at the arms race between sperm fertilization efficiency and female barriers to sperm may answer the non-trivial question: "why are some types of infertility so common?"
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oren Hasson
- Biomathematics Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Leone S. The pre-zygote identity as a moral issue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 14:15-21. [PMID: 18655361 DOI: 10.1558/hrge.v14i1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvino Leone
- Sicilian Institute of Bioethics, LUMSA University of Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee TH, Liu CH, Huang CC, Chen HH, Chen SU, Lee MS. The association between polypronucleate zygote formation with certain motion characteristics of sperm and IVF outcome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008; 25:35-41. [PMID: 18205036 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-007-9190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the efficiency of sperm motion characteristics as predictors for normal (2PN) and polypronulceate (PPN) zygotes in IVF. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis for a total of 230 couples undergoing IVF treatment in a single infertility center. RESULT(S) Subsequent to semen analysis and hemizona assay, unexpected fertilization failure would appear to have occurred only extremely rarely (1/236, 0.4%). The rate of PPN, however, did arise and appeared to be related to certain sperm motion characteristics, such as lateral head displacement and concentration of progressive motile sperm. Interestingly, the patients featuring a high PPN rate (>20%) was associated with a greater pregnancy rate than those featuring a low PPN rate (<20%). CONCLUSION The sperm motion characteristics examined herein could be utilized to predict the rate of PPN in IVF. In order to enhance the rate of 2PN and maintain the relative high rate of clinical pregnancy, an efficient method needs further investigation and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Coy P, Grullon L, Canovas S, Romar R, Matas C, Aviles M. Hardening of the zona pellucida of unfertilized eggs can reduce polyspermic fertilization in the pig and cow. Reproduction 2007; 135:19-27. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
29
|
Egli D, Rosains J, Birkhoff G, Eggan K. Developmental reprogramming after chromosome transfer into mitotic mouse zygotes. Nature 2007; 447:679-85. [PMID: 17554301 DOI: 10.1038/nature05879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Until now, animal cloning and the production of embryonic stem cell lines by somatic cell nuclear transfer have relied on introducing nuclei into meiotic oocytes. In contrast, attempts at somatic cell nuclear transfer into fertilized interphase zygotes have failed. As a result, it has generally been assumed that unfertilized human oocytes will be required for the generation of tailored human embryonic stem cell lines from patients by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Here we report, however, that, unlike interphase zygotes, mouse zygotes temporarily arrested in mitosis can support somatic cell reprogramming, the production of embryonic stem cell lines and the full-term development of cloned animals. Thus, human zygotes and perhaps human embryonic blastomeres may be useful supplements to human oocytes for the creation of patient-derived human embryonic stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Egli
- The Stowers Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhivkova RS, Delimitreva SM, Toncheva DI, Vatev IT. Analysis of human unfertilized oocytes and pronuclear zygotes--correlation between chromosome/chromatin status and patient-related factors. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 130:73-83. [PMID: 16650520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Revised: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the relationship between ploidy and chromatin status of human unfertilized oocytes/zygotes and infertility history, female age, and stimulation regimens. STUDY DESIGN Two hundred and eighty-nine unfertilized oocytes and 63 zygotes were subjected to cytogenetic analysis: karyotyping for oocytes and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for zygotes. Ploidy and chromosome/chromatin status were analyzed according to stimulation regimen, female age, and infertility history. The correlation coefficient was estimated and data were interpreted using a five-grade scale. RESULTS Aneuploidy in karyotyped oocytes (19.7% hyperhaploidy, 18.8% hypohaploidy, and 6.3% haploid abnormal) was associated with chromosome fragmentation and lesions due to chromosome aging in culture. Premature chromosome condensation and cytoskeletal defects were significantly higher in unexplained infertility (34.7% and 52.9%, respectively; p<0.05). Chromatin quality was most important for successful ploidy analysis of zygotes. FISH analysis of abnormal zygotes elucidated genetic aspects of pronuclear number aberrations and raised questions about the current selection criteria. Abnormalities were found to correlate moderately with stimulation strategy and female age and significantly with infertility history. CONCLUSION Genetic analysis of human oocytes and zygotes showed that poor chromatin quality and patient-related factors contribute to aneuploidy and pronuclear number aberrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa S Zhivkova
- IVF-ET Center, Department of Biology, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, 1, St. Georgy Sofiisky Street, Sofia 1413, Bulgaria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bungum M, Bungum L, Humaidan P. A prospective study, using sibling oocytes, examining the effect of 30 seconds versus 90 minutes gamete co-incubation in IVF. Hum Reprod 2005; 21:518-23. [PMID: 16239314 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally oocytes have been exposed to sperm overnight, for 16-20 h. This long period of co-incubation, however, has been shown to create problems with high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may affect embryo viability and cause hardening of the zona pellucida. Recently, a positive effect of reducing the co-incubation time to 90-120 min was reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a further reduction of the co-incubation period could benefit the outcome of IVF. METHODS In this prospective study, 777 sibling oocytes from 81 women undergoing IVF were divided via alternate allocation to co-incubation for either 30 s (ultrashort co-incubation) (group A) or for 90 min (standard co-incubation) (group B). Endpoints were normal fertilization (two-pronuclear, 2PN), polyspermy (>2PN), embryo quality (EQ), clinical pregnancy (CP) and implantation (IR). RESULTS The normal fertilization rates of the two groups were comparable: group A 58.6% versus group B 58.0%. Significantly lower rates of polyspermy were seen in group A compared to group B (2.8 versus 7.2%, P = 0.008). No statistically significant differences in EQ, CP or IR were seen. CONCLUSION This is the first study demonstrating the achievement of good fertilization rates in IVF with ultrashort co-incubation. Significantly lower rates of polyspermy were seen in the group with ultrashort compared to the standard co-incubation group. Further studies are, however, needed in order to evaluate whether ultrashort co-incubation has any effect on the outcome of IVF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Bungum
- The Fertility Clinic, Viborg Hospital (Skive), Resenvej 25, DK 7800 Skive, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen Z, Yan J, Feng HL. Aneuploid analysis of tripronuclear zygotes derived from in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in humans. Fertil Steril 2005; 83:1845-8. [PMID: 15950663 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that the diploid ratio of tripronuclear zygotes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is significantly higher as compared with that after conventional IVF; the extra pronucleus of tripronuclear zygotes after ICSI are mostly from the second polar body, not from sperm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Aoki VW, Peterson CM, Parker-Jones K, Hatasaka HH, Gibson M, Huang I, Carrell DT. Correlation of sperm penetration assay score with polyspermy rate in in-vitro fertilization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL ASSISTED REPRODUCTION 2005; 2:3. [PMID: 15703074 PMCID: PMC549527 DOI: 10.1186/1743-1050-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The sperm penetration assay (SPA) is used to predict the fertilizing capacity of sperm. Thus, some programs rely on SPA scores to formulate insemination plans in conjunction with in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a relationship exists between SPA scores and polyspermy rates during conventional IVF cycles. METHODS: A total of 1350 consecutive IVF patients using conventional IVF insemination were evaluated in the study. Oocytes were inseminated three hours post-retrieval by the addition of 150,000 to 300,000 progressively motile sperm. Approximately 18 hours after insemination, the oocytes were evaluated for fertilization by the visualization of pronuclei. The presence of three or more pronuclei was indicative of polyspermy. Polyspermy rates, fertilization success, embryo quality, and pregnancy rates were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate their relationship with SPA score, count, motility, number of progressively motile sperm inseminated, oocyte pre-insemination incubation time, patient age, and diagnosis. RESULTS: A significant positive relationship was observed between SPA score and polyspermy rate (rs = 0.10, p < 0.05). Patients with a normal SPA score had significantly higher polyspermy rates than those with abnormal SPA scores (6.3% +/- 1.5% vs. 2.0% +/- 0.7%, p < 0.05). Fertilization percentage was significantly lower in the group with severely abnormal SPA scores versus all other SPA groups (57.5% +/- 2.1% vs. 70.2% +/- 1.3%, p < 0.005). Although embryo quality was not affected, both clinical pregnancy and implantation rates improved slightly as SPA score increased. In addition, there was a decrease in the rate of spontaneous abortion as SPA score increased. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate SPA score is positively correlated with polyspermy rates and IVF fertilization percentage. Additionally, there is a slight increase in clinical pregnancy rates, and embryo implantation rates with increased SPA. Furthermore, there is a slight decrease in spontaneous abortions rates related to increased SPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W Aoki
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - C Matthew Peterson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Kirtly Parker-Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Harry H Hatasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Mark Gibson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Ivan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Douglas T Carrell
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Matt DW, Ingram AR, Graff DP, Edelstein MC. Normal birth after single-embryo transfer in a patient with excessive polypronuclear zygote formation following in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 2004; 82:1662-5. [PMID: 15589875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2004] [Revised: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report an unusual case of idiopathic zygotic polypronuclei. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Major urban infertility referral center. PATIENT(S) A 34-year-old woman with unexplained infertility. INTERVENTION(S) The patient underwent two cycles of controlled hyperstimulation and oocyte retrieval followed by in vitro insemination and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Pregnancy and delivery of a normal infant following transfer of a single preembryo from an ICSI cycle in which only one zygote showed a normal pronuclear number (2PN) and 12 zygotes appeared polypronucleated (> or =3PN). RESULT(S) On the first IVF cycle, 23 oocytes were retrieved and inseminated with 240 x 10(3) motile sperm/mL, after which two zygotes showed a normal pronuclear number and 20 zygotes appeared polyploid with three to seven pronuclei. Transfer of two poor-quality day-3 preembryos following assisted hatching did not achieve pregnancy. On the subsequent ICSI cycle, 33 oocytes were retrieved, and 17 mature oocytes were subjected to ICSI, after which only one zygote showed 2PN and 12 zygotes appeared polyploid with three to eight pronuclei. The normally fertilized zygote developed into a poor-quality, day-3 embryo and was subjected to assisted hatching. Transfer of this preembryo resulted in an uneventful pregnancy and birth of a normal infant. CONCLUSION(S) Mechanisms other than polyspermia may result in polypronuclear development in some patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Matt
- Virginia IVF and Andrology Center, Richmond, Virginia 23235, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kattera S, Chen C. Short coincubation of gametes in in vitro fertilization improves implantation and pregnancy rates: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Fertil Steril 2003; 80:1017-21. [PMID: 14556826 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(03)01154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the benefits of short coincubation of gametes compared to prolonged incubation in in vitro fertilization (IVF). DESIGN Prospective randomized controlled study. SETTING Hospital-based fertility center. PATIENT(S) One hundred thirty patients (group 1) and 129 patients (group 2). INTERVENTION(S) Oocytes from group 1 were exposed to spermatozoa for 2 hours, and oocytes from group 2 were exposed to spermatozoa for 20 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Fertilization and cleavage rates, embryo quality, and pregnancy and implantation rates were evaluated. Estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)) levels were measured in the wells of culture dishes after 2-hour exposure of oocytes/zygotes to spermatozoa in group 1 and after 20-hour exposure in both the groups. RESULT(S) There was no difference between the two groups in the fertilization rate and the number of embryos obtained. However, the proportion of grade 1 embryos was significantly higher among group 1 compared to group 2 patients. Clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were significantly higher among group 1 compared to group 2. The significantly higher levels of E(2) and P(4) in the 20-hour cultures compared with the 2-hour cultures may have been detrimental to embryo quality, pregnancy, and implantation rates. CONCLUSION(S) Coincubation of gametes for 2 hours with standard or high insemination concentrations of spermatozoa significantly improved embryo quality and the pregnancy and implantation rates compared with overnight incubation of gametes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kattera
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Gleneagles IVF Centre, Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Feng H, Hershlag A. Fertilization abnormalities following human in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Microsc Res Tech 2003; 61:358-61. [PMID: 12811741 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization abnormalities are commonly encountered following in vitro fertilization. The widespread introduction of assisted fertilization methods has rapidly led to a changes in both the incidence and types of these aberrations. Such abnormalities can be identified by careful morphological evaluation at the early zygote stage, of pronuclei as well as of polar body formation, and may be confirmed by cytogenetic assessment. The recognition and understanding of fertilization abnormalities have led to the development of novel techniques aimed at preventing them, as well as recent bold attempts at correction. Removal of one pronucleus may allow some triploid embryos to revert to a normal diploid stage. These new developments should provide insight into the understanding of parthenogenesis, androgenesis, and gynogenesis in the human. Microsc. Res. Tech. 61:358-361, 2003.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Feng
- Center for Human Reproduction, North Shore University Hospital, NYU School Of Medicine, Manhasset, New York 10030, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Morris LHA, Randall AE, King WA, Johnson WH, Buckrell BC. The contribution of the male to ovine embryogenesis in an in vitro embryo production system. Anim Reprod Sci 2003; 75:9-26. [PMID: 12535581 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(02)00188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The differences in the embryo production potential of four rams used in a commercial embryo transfer program were examined in both in vivo and in vitro embryo production systems. Processing frozen-thawed spermatozoa through Percoll density gradients prior to in vitro insemination eliminated differences in the estimates of sperm viability between the four rams, and yet, differences in embryo production persisted throughout the in vitro culture period. However, there was no effect of ejaculate within ram on embryo production rates. In addition, the timing of the onset of the differences between the rams at each stage of in vitro embryo development were revealed. Ram 2 differed from ram 4 in the proportion of fertilized oocytes at 17 h post-insemination (pi) and by 52 h, ram 3 differed from ram 4 in the proportion of cleaved embryos, and the observed differences between ram 1 and ram 2 in their blastocyst production were initiated prior to activation of the embryonic genome. Once differences in embryo development rates were detected among the four rams, they persisted throughout the in vitro culture period. The reduced in vitro fertilization (IVF) rates from ram 2 compared with the other rams was paralleled in vivo by the significantly lower proportion of embryos recovered from ewes mated to ram 2, and this was further exacerbated by a significantly lower embryo survival rate after transfer. However, the subtle differences observed in the timing of the contribution of each sire to embryo development during in vitro culture were not able to be detected in vivo. However, the higher proportions of transferable quality blastocysts obtained from ewes mated to ram 4 did not result in increased embryo survival throughout the remainder of gestation. Therefore, in this study, the blastocyst production potential for a particular sire, either in vitro or in vivo, does not necessarily reflect the potential for the production of live offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee H A Morris
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont, Canada NIG 2W1.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ter Horst GJ. Transneuronal retrograde dual viral labelling of central autonomic circuitry: possibilities and pitfalls. Auton Neurosci 2000; 83:134-9. [PMID: 11593764 DOI: 10.1016/s1566-0702(00)00170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Viral retrograde transneuronal labelling has become an important neuroanatomical tract-tracing tool for characterization of limbic neuronal networks. Recently, dual viral retrograde transneuronal labelling has been introduced; a method employing differential transgene expression of two genetically engineered virus strains to identify double infected cells with selective antibodies. In this way, interactions of parallel networks can be revealed. The use of this method will increase the understanding of the function of the limbic system, for example in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, but is associated with limitations related to the use of genetically engineered virus strains. Virulence, speed of replication and retrograde transport may be affected by the insertion or deletion of genes in the viral genome. Moreover, the rate of replication and transport can be affected by the immune system of the host and competition between the two viruses. There may be selective affinity of the virus strain for the sympathetic or parasympathetic systems. False negative results are the most important risk in dual viral labelling addressed in this review. Several control experiments are presented that can help to reduce the risk of obtaining false negative results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G J Ter Horst
- Biological Psychiatry, University Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, Rm 7.15, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ng ST, Chang TH, Wu TC. Prediction of the rates of fertilization, cleavage, and pregnancy success by cumulus-coronal morphology in an in vitro fertilization program. Fertil Steril 1999; 72:412-7. [PMID: 10519609 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between the grading of cumulus-coronal morphology at oocyte retrieval and the rates of fertilization, cleavage, and pregnancy success in IVF-ET cycles. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING University-affiliated medical center. PATIENT(S) Infertile women who underwent IVF-ET treatment. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Fertilization and cleavage of the oocytes and the pregnancy outcome. RESULT(S) Mature grade 3 cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) constituted the highest percentage among all grades and had a higher fertilization rate than COCs of other grades (77% versus 65%, 43%, and 28% for grades 2, 1, and 4, respectively). The cleavage and polyspermy rates did not correlate with cumulus-coronal morphology grading. The pregnancy rate was higher in cycles with >50% grade 3 COCs than in cycles with < or =50% grade 3 COCs (32% versus 16%). In cycles with >80% grade 3 COCs, the pregnancy rate was 57%. The correlation between the percentage of grade 3 COCs and the pregnancy rate was independent of patient age and the number of COCs retrieved. CONCLUSION(S) The cumulus-coronal morphology grade correlates with the fertilization rate but not with the cleavage or polyspermy rate. In vitro fertilization cycles that have a greater percentage of grade 3 COCs have an increased chance of resulting in pregnancy. The cumulus-coronal morphology grade predicts pregnancy success in IVF-ET cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine, 90095-1740, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Whitacre KS, Seifer DB, Friedman CI, Coskun S, Kennard EA, Kim MH, Alak BM. Effects of ovarian source, patient age, and menstrual cycle phase on in vitro maturation of immature human oocytes. Fertil Steril 1998; 70:1015-21. [PMID: 9848288 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficiency of in vitro maturation, expressed by nuclear maturation, of oocytes aspirated during gynecologic surgeries or collected from excised ovaries. To assess the effect of patient age and cycle phase at collection on the oocyte's ability to mature in vitro. To examine the time course of oocyte maturation in vitro. DESIGN Nuclear maturation based on patient criteria compared. SETTING University-based IVF program and research center. PATIENT(S) Consented patients undergoing gynecologic surgeries or patients undergoing oophorectomy. INTERVENTION(S) Oocytes were maintained in culture for 48 hours and evaluated for maturation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Nuclear maturation evaluated as germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) or progression to the metaphase II (MII) stage. RESULT(S) A significantly higher percentage of oocytes collected during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle underwent GVBD than did oocytes collected during the luteal phase (60% versus 48%, respectively). The percentage of oocytes reaching the MII stage, from these two groups, was not different. No statistically significant differences in maturation were observed in oocytes from different ovarian sources or from patients >40 or <40 years of age. CONCLUSION(S) These data suggest that oocytes collected during the follicular phase are more likely to undergo GVBD than oocytes collected during the luteal phase. In this study, ovarian source, age, or cycle phase did not influence the final meiotic maturation of oocytes to metaphase II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Whitacre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ma S, Kalousek DK, Yuen BH, Moon YS. Investigation of effects of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on the chromosomal complement of CD-1 mouse embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 1997; 14:162-9. [PMID: 9090560 PMCID: PMC3454672 DOI: 10.1007/bf02766134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the effect of superovulatory doses of gonadotropins on the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities of mouse embryos. METHODS Chromosome analysis of 8- to 16-cell stage mouse embryos and zygotes was performed by a cytogenetic method. RESULTS There was no significant effect of the pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) dose on the level of aneuploidy and structural abnormalities from 8- to 16-cell-stage embryos among superovulated groups. However, a simple dose-response relationship between the PMSG dose and the incidence of polyploidy was observed, with the level of polyploidy rising from 2.9% with 10 i.u. PMSG to 10.5% with 15 i.u. PMSG. In zygote stage, the proportion of polyploid embryos also increased as the dose increased, from 1.9% in 5 i.u. to 6.7% in 15 i.u. PMSG. It was observed that the extra chromosomal set in polyploidy embryos originated by both fertilization of a diploid oocyte and dispermy. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a dose-response relationship between the PMSG dose and the incidence of polyploidy in the CD-1 mouse. Both a disturbance at maturation division and an error at fertilization were the cause of polyploidy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Henery CC, Kaufman MH. The cleavage rate of digynic triploid mouse embryos during the preimplantation period. Mol Reprod Dev 1993; 34:272-9. [PMID: 8471249 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1080340307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Triploidy is a lethal condition in mammals, with most dying at some stage between implantation and term. In humans, however, a very small proportion of triploids are liveborn but display a wide range of congenital abnormalities. In particular, the placentas of human diandric triploid embryos consistently display "partial" hydatidiform molar degeneration, while those of digynic triploids generally do not show these histopathological features. In mice, the postimplantation development of diandric and digynic triploid embryos also differs. While both classes are capable of developing to the forelimb bud stage, no specific degenerative features of their placentas have been reported. Diandric triploid mouse embryos are morphologically normal while digynic triploid mouse embryos consistently display neural tube and occasionally cardiac abnormalities. Previously it was shown that the preimplantation development of micromanipulated diandric triploid mouse embryos was similar to developmentally matched diploid control embryos. In this study, the preimplantation development of micromanipulated digynic triploid mouse embryos is analysed and compared with that of diandric triploid mouse embryos in order to determine whether there is any difference in cleavage rate between these two classes of triploids. Standard micromanipulatory procedures were used to insert a female or a male pronucleus into a recipient diploid 1-cell stage embryo. The karyoplast was fused to the cytoplasm of the embryo by electrofusion. These tripronucleate 1-cell stage embryos were then transferred to pseudopregnant recipients and, at specific times after the HCG injection to induce ovulation, the embryos were recovered and total cell counts made. These results were plotted and regression lines drawn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Henery
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Diedrich K, Bauer O. Indications and outcomes of assisted reproduction. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1992; 6:373-88. [PMID: 1424331 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3552(05)80093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since 1978 many healthy children have been born after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, fulfilling the wishes of many previously childless couples. In vitro fertilization and subsequently developed methods (GIFT, intratubal embryo transfer) have contributed to progress in the diagnosis and treatment of unwanted childlessness. Furthermore these techniques have improved knowledge of ovarian function, fertilization and early embryo development.
Collapse
|
44
|
Golan A, Nachum H, Herman A, Ron-el R, Soffer Y, Caspi E. Increased fertilization and pregnancy rate in polypronuclear fertilization cycles in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 1992; 57:139-42. [PMID: 1530923 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare fertilization and pregnancy rates between cycles with polypronuclear fertilizations and cycles with normal fertilizations. DESIGN In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles in which oocytes were retrieved were divided into two groups according to the nature of fertilization. PATIENTS All patients were participants of our IVF-ET program. RESULTS A significantly higher fertilization rate was found in the polypronuclear fertilization cycles (61% versus 36.6%) and also an improved pregnancy rate (47.5% versus 19.6%) and per embryo transfers (53% versus 28.8%). The vast majority of polypronuclear fertilizations occurred in mature oocytes. CONCLUSION We believe that the increased receptability of the oocytes improves fertilization and conception rates. The polypronuclear fertilization is an extreme expression of such improved receptibility and should be considered as an encouraging sign for conception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Golan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
De Sutter P, Dhont M, Vanluchene E, Vandekerckhove D. Correlations between follicular fluid steroid analysis and maturity and cytogenetic analysis of human oocytes that remained unfertilized after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1991; 55:958-63. [PMID: 1827078 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Is there any correlation between follicular fluid (FF) steroid levels and the occurrence of cytogenetic abnormalities in unfertilized human oocytes? DESIGN Cytogenetic analysis was carried out on 397 oocytes, and the steroid content of 104 corresponding FF was analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Ovarian stimulation was performed by clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) or by hMG combined with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) pretreatment. RESULTS Oocyte maturity was correlated with an increasing FF progestin content and a significant decrease of androstenedione (A) levels. Chromosomal analysis revealed 84 of all oocytes to be abnormal (polyploid or aneuploid and/or prematurely condensed chromosomes present). In this group, A levels and A to estradiol ratios were significantly higher. Although progestin levels were higher in GnRH-a/hMG cycles, the incidence of oocyte normality was not different between the two stimulation schemes. More abnormal oocytes were found in patients with good sperm morphology. CONCLUSIONS Oocyte abnormality correlates with higher A levels in the corresponding FF. Oocyte fertilization is also determined by intrinsic oocytic factors other than maturity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P De Sutter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, State University of Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Van Blerkom J, Henry G. Dispermic fertilization of human oocytes. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUE 1991; 17:437-49. [PMID: 1865241 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1060170406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of whether fertilization occurs in vivo or in vitro, polyspermic penetration of the human oocyte is a not infrequent cause of reproductive failure. This report describes the occurrence of human eggs fertilized by two spermatozoa and the variable developmental potentials expressed by the resultant embryos. The cellular and subcellular events that characterize the pronuclear and early cleavage stages of preimplantation embryogenesis are discussed with respect to the ability of such embryos to progress to implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Van Blerkom
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Van Blerkom J, Bell H, Weipz D. Cellular and developmental biological aspects of bovine meiotic maturation, fertilization, and preimplantation embryogenesis in vitro. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUE 1990; 16:298-323. [PMID: 2250185 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1060160404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular aspects of reinitiated meiosis, fertilization, and early preimplantation embryogenesis in the bovine species were examined under in vitro conditions. An analysis of the cytoplasmic distribution of mitochondria, lipid droplets and vesicles in over 5,000 living GV-stage oocytes, with subsequent examination by electron microscopy, indicated that the organization of cytoplasm was pleomorphic and that five distinct cellular phenotypes could be identified. Inspection of oocytes during the resumption of arrested meiosis in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that the subcellular organization of the bovine oocyte cytoplasm remains unchanged during maturation to metaphase II. The influence of culture conditions and media on the frequency of maturation, cytoplasmic organization, fertilizability, and early preimplantation embryogenesis was also determined. The findings indicate that meiotic maturation and fertilization in the bovine species can occur at high frequency under comparatively simple and defined conditions. However, the acquisition of developmental competence for fertilization, and the ability of the egg to develop progressively after fertilization appears to be related to the organization of the cytoplasm at the GV stage. The relationship between cytoplasmic organization and conditions of maturation, fertilization, presence or absence of cumulus cells, and the acquisition of developmental competence is discussed with respect to 1) cell biological aspects of mammalian oocyte maturation, 2) the potential influence of extrinsic factors (e.g., differential intrafollicular biochemistry and morphophysiology) on subcellular organization of the GV-stage oocyte, and 3) the finding that morphologically equivalent bovine embryos derived from the in vitro fertilization of in vitro-matured oocytes may be developmentally heterogeneous. The studies also revealed that nuclear and cytoplasmic aberrations which could preclude normal embryogenesis can develop shortly after fertilization. The significance of this finding with respect to cytoplasmic phenotype of the oocyte and conditions of maturation, fertilization, and early embryo culture is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Van Blerkom
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
In this study, we address the relationship between motility and genetic content of mouse sperm. The chromosome complements of highly motile mouse sperm, selected using the swim-up technique, were analyzed after in vitro fertilization, at the first cleavage state. They were compared to those of unselected sperm. Identification of male and female chromosome sets was possible because of their differential condensation at the first mitotic division. In vitro fertilization, swim-up separation, chromosome preparation, and staining were carried out using standard techniques. The results indicate that highly motile mouse sperm did not differ in types and frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities from those not selected for motility. Moreover, separation of motile sperm does not deviate the sex ratio from the theoretical 1:1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Estop
- Department of Medical Genetics, Western Pennsylvania Hospital, Pittsburgh 15224
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dandekar PV, Martin MC, Glass RH. Polypronuclear embryos after in vitro fertilization**Presented in part at the Forty-Fifth Annual Meeting of The American Fertility Society, San Francisco, California, November 11 to 15, 1989. Fertil Steril 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
50
|
Dionne P, Duchesne C, Sullivan R. Qualitative changes in protein synthesis associated with polyspermic fertilization of human eggs. Mol Reprod Dev 1989; 1:249-53. [PMID: 2629856 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1080010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the early molecular events in human oocytes that are triggered by fertilization, the authors examined the pattern of polypeptides synthesized by unfertilized and dispermic embryos obtained through an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program. Compared with unfertilized oocytes of the same postovulatory age, the de novo protein synthesis in tripronuclear dispermic zygotes (21 hours postinsemination) was characterized by the appearance of three novel protein bands with molecular weights of 41.2, 35.3, and 26.0 kD. Concomitant with these changes, these zygotes showed the disappearance of bands at 54.0, 36.5, and 28.0 kD, along with the decreased synthesis of a protein band at 42.5 kD. Although 24% of the aged unfertilized oocytes exhibited bands corresponding to 41.2 and 35.3 kD, the 26.0 kD protein is restricted to the tripronuclear embryos. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the use of polyspermic human oocytes as a model for the study of the early molecular events triggered by fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Dionne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luc Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|