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Hu J, Le Q, Wang Y, Yu N, Cao X, Kuang S, Zhang M, Gu W, Sun Y, Yang Y, Xu S, Yan X. Effects of formaldehyde on detoxification and immune responses in silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:449-457. [PMID: 30877061 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde can effectively control ectoparasites in silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus). However, there is limited information on the effects of formaldehyde treatment at a molecular level in fishes. In the present study, transcriptome profiling was conducted to investigate the effects of formaldehyde treatment (80 mg/L, bath for 1 h every day for three consecutive days) on the liver and kidney tissues of silver pomfret. A total of 617959982 clean reads were obtained and assembled into 265760 unigenes with an N50 length of 1507 bp, and the assembled unigenes were all annotated by alignment with public databases. A total of 2204 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the liver and kidney tissues, and they included 7 detoxification- related genes and 9 immune-related genes, such as CYP450, GST, MHC I & II, and CCR. In addition, 1440 DEGs were mapped to terms in the GO database, and 1064 DEGs were mapped to the KEGG database. The expression of 4 detoxification-related genes and 6 immune-related genes in three days formaldehyde treatment were analyzed using RT-qPCR, and the antioxidant enzyme levels were also determined. The results indicate differential expression of detoxification- and immune-related genes during the three days formaldehyde treatment. Our data could provide a reference for the treatment of parasites to avoid high mortality and help in understanding the molecular activity in fishes after formaldehyde exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qijun Le
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Ningbo Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technical Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Na Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Siwen Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiwei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yibo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Tokyol C, Karaorman G, Bastug M. Effects of Acute and Adaptive Hypoxia on Heat Shock Protein Expression in Hepatic Tissue. High Alt Med Biol 2005; 6:247-55. [PMID: 16185142 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2005.6.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This experimental study was designed to analyze the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) in hepatic tissue induced by acute and adaptive hypoxic hypoxia. Rabbits were exposed to 5000 m simulated altitude at 11% O(2) in a chamber. Total antioxidant status (TAS) plasma content showed a significant decrease in the acute and adaptive hypoxia groups compared with the control group. Regarding TAS, there was no statistically significant difference between the acute and adaptive hypoxia groups. Histopathological evidence of liver injury was observed in study groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed diffuse HSP70 staining in the hepatocytes in acute hypoxia group. Staining was focal and prominent in pericentral hepatocytes in the adaptive hypoxia group. As HSP expression appeared increased, total injury score increased as well. There was an inverse correlation between HSP and TAS, but it did not reach statistical value. Our results confirmed the expression of HSP in hepatic tissue related to defense against cellular injury in a hypoxia model. It is an early response in acute hypoxia and may decrease in adaptive hypoxia. It seems that HSP is induced, rather than protectively, as an early marker of liver injury. HSP70 induction and overexpression seem to be, at least in part, explained by impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Tokyol
- Department of Pathology, Afyon Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey.
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Fernández G, Mena MP, Arnau A, Sánchez O, Soley M, Ramírez I. Immobilization stress induces c-Fos accumulation in liver. Cell Stress Chaperones 2000; 5:306-12. [PMID: 11048653 PMCID: PMC312860 DOI: 10.1379/1466-1268(2000)005<0306:isicfa>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute stress-induced injury in tissues has been revealed by both biochemical markers in plasma and microscopy. However, little is known of the mechanisms by which tissue integrity is restored. Recently, induction of early response genes such as c-fos has been reported in the heart and stomach of immobilized animals. Herein, we show that immobilization stress in mice increased plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, a marker of liver damage. c-Fos protein accumulation in liver was induced by stress after 20 minutes of immobilization and persisted for 3 hours. Immobilization also induced the release of epidermal growth factor (EGF) from submandibular salivary glands and a transient increase in EGF concentration in plasma. Although EGF administration induced a 2.5-fold increase in c-Fos mass in the liver of anesthetized mice, sialoadenectomy (which abolished the effect of immobilization on plasma EGF) did not affect the stress-induced rise in plasma alanine aminotransferase activity or liver c-Fos accumulation. Therefore, we conclude that immobilization stress induces c-Fos accumulation in liver and that this effect is not triggered by the increase in plasma EGF concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Fernández
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08071-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Mena
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08071-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Arnau
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08071-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Sánchez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08071-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Soley
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08071-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Ramírez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08071-Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence to: Ignasi Ramírez, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08071-Barcelona, Spain, Tel: 34–934.02.15.24; Fax: 34–934.02.15.59; .
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Wieland E, Oellerich M, Braun F, Schtüz E. c-fos and c-jun mRNA expression in a pig liver model of ischemia/reperfusion: effect of extended cold storage and the antioxidant idebenone. Clin Biochem 2000; 33:285-90. [PMID: 10936587 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(00)00070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Expression of immediate early genes has been reported during reperfusion after ischemia in rat livers due to oxygen radical formation. This study investigates in perfused pig livers the effect of the antioxidant idebenone and of cold ischemia time on the gene expression of c-fos and c-jun. DESIGN AND METHODS Livers were perfused for 210 min after 0.5 h or 20 h ischemic storage (4 degrees C). One group of pigs was fed idebenone (280 mg/day/7days) prior to organ harvesting. C-fos and c-jun mRNA were determined by RT-PCR at 3, 30, 60, 120 180, 210 min during reperfusion. RESULTS Lipid peroxidation increased in liver tissue form 0.54 +/- 0.21 to 1. 09 +/- 0.54 nmol MDA/mg protein during reperfusion after 20 h compared to 0.5 h cold storage. This was antagonized by idebenone (0. 68 +/- 0.20 nmol/MDA/mg protein). C-fos and c-jun were strongly induced in livers stored for 20 h, which was attenuated by idebenone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cold ischemia time and oxygen radicals are critical for immediate early gene expression and that application of an effective antioxidant can attenuate this early stress reaction of the pig liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wieland
- Abteilung Klinische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
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Tessitore L. Hepatocellular carcinoma is induced by a subnecrogenic dose of diethylnitrosamine in previously fasted-refed rats. Nutr Cancer 1998; 32:49-54. [PMID: 9824857 DOI: 10.1080/01635589809514716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We reported elsewhere that diethylnitrosamine (DENA) at 20 mg/kg triggered the development of liver foci in fasted-refed rats. Here we investigate whether liver cancer is induced by this dose of DENA when administered to previously fasted-refed animals. Fischer 344 rats, fasted for four days, were given 20 mg/kg DENA after one day of refeeding; regularly fed animals receiving 20 or 200 mg/kg DENA were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. The rats were selected by the promoting regimen of Solt and Farber. Focal proliferative lesions, nodules, and carcinomas developed in the liver of fasted-refed rats given 20 mg/kg DENA and, as expected, in the liver of positive controls. Neither preneoplastic nor neoplastic lesions were found in the negative controls. The liver initiation in fasted-refed rats was steadily irreversible, as reflected by the growth of foci, even when the promoting regimen was postponed. The data show that fasting-refeeding can substitute for any compensatory proliferative stimulus to make the subnecrogenic dose of DENA able to initiate hepatocytes, eventually leading to the development of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tessitore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Ospedale S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, TO, Italy
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Abstract
A great deal has been learned about the pathophysiologic condition of hemorrhagic shock. The response of the hormonal and inflammatory mediator systems in patients in hemorrhagic shock appears to represent a distinct set of responses different from those of other forms of shock. The classic neuroendocrine response to hemorrhage attempts to maintain perfusion to the heart and brain, often at the expense of other organ systems. This intense vasoconstriction occurs via central mechanisms. The response of the peripheral microcirculation is driven by local tissue hypoperfusion that results in vasodilation in the ischemic tissue bed. Activation of the systemic inflammatory response by hemorrhage and tissue injury is an important component of the pathophysiologic condition of hemorrhagic shock. Activators of this systemic inflammatory response include ischemia/reperfusion injury and neutrophil activation. Capillary "no-flow" with prolonged ischemia and "no-reflow" with reperfusion may initiate neutrophil activation in patients in hemorrhagic shock. The mechanisms that lead to decompensated and irreversible hemorrhagic shock include (1) "arteriolar hyposensitivity" as manifested by progressive arteriolar vasodilation and decreased responsiveness of the microcirculation to alpha-agonists, and (2) cellular injury and activation of both proinflammatory and counterinflammatory mechanisms. These changes represent a failure of the microcirculation. Redistribution of cardiac output and persistent gut ischemia after adequate resuscitation may also contribute to the development of irreversible hemorrhagic shock. Treatment of hemorrhagic shock includes rapid operative resuscitation to limit activation of the mediator systems and abort the microcirculatory changes that result from hemorrhagic shock. Volume resuscitation and control of hemorrhage, should occur simultaneously. The end point in volume resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock must be maintenance of organ system and cellular function. Whether we use adequate urine output, correction of lactic acidemia, optimization of oxygen delivery, or oxygen consumption as our specific goal, the general objective is to provide adequate crystalloid solution and packed red blood cells to achieve and maintain normal organ and cellular perfusion and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Peitzman
- Section of Trauma/Surgical Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tacchini L, Pogliaghi G, Radice L, Anzon E, Bernelli-Zazzera A. Differential activation of heat-shock and oxidation-specific stress genes in chemically induced oxidative stress. Biochem J 1995; 309 ( Pt 2):453-9. [PMID: 7626009 PMCID: PMC1135753 DOI: 10.1042/bj3090453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Post-ischaemic reperfusion increases the level of the major heat-shock (stress) protein hsp 70 and of its mRNA by transcriptional mechanisms, and activates the binding of the heat-shock factor HSF to the consensus sequence HSE. In common with CoCl2 treatment, post-ischaemic reperfusion increases the level of haem oxygenase mRNA, an indicator of oxidative stress, but CoCl2 does not seem to induce the expression of the hsp 70 gene [Tacchini, Schiaffonati, Pappalardo, Gatti and Bernelli-Zazzera (1993) Lab. Invest. 68, 465-471]. Starting from these observations, we have now studied the expression of two genes of the hsp 70 family and of other possibly related genes under conditions of oxidative stress. Three different chemicals, which cause oxidative stress by various mechanisms and induce haem oxygenase, enhance the expression of the cognate hsc 73 gene, but do not activate the inducible hsp 70 gene. Expression of the other genes that have been studied seems to vary in intensity and/or time course, in relation to the particular mechanism of action of any single agent. The pattern of induction of the early-immediate response genes c-fos and c-jun observed during oxidative stress differs from that found in post-ischaemic reperfused livers. Oxidative-stress-inducing agents do not promote the binding of HSF to its consensus sequence HSE, such as occurs in heat-shock and post-ischaemic reperfusion, and fail to activate AP-1 (activator protein 1). With the possible exception of Phorone, the oxidative stress chemically induced in rat liver activates NFkB (nuclear factor kB) and AP-2 (activator protein 2) transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tacchini
- Istituto di Patologia Generale dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, Centro di Studio sulla Patologia Cellulare del CNR, Italy
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