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Luo XF, Zhang ZJ, Song ZL, Wang ZP, Yan JX, Liu XF, Peng LZ, Yang CJ, Liu YQ. Design, synthesis and cytotoxic activity of sulfonylated derivatives of camptothecin. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39155512 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2392739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
With the intention of advancing our research on diverse C-20 derivatives of camptothecin (CPT), 38 CPT derivatives bearing sulphonamide and sulfonylurea chemical scaffolds and different substituent groups have been designed, synthesised and evaluated in vitro for cytotoxicity against four tumour cell lines, A-549 (lung carcinoma), KB (nasopharyngeal carcinoma), MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer) and KBvin (an MDR KB subiline). As a result, all the synthesised compounds showed promising in vitro cytotoxic activity against the four cancer cell lines tested, and were more potent than irinotecan. Importantly, compounds 12b, 12f, 12j and 13 l possessed better antiproliferative activity against all tested tumour cell lines with IC50 values of 0.0118 - 0.5478 μM, and resulted approximately 3 to 4 times more cytotoxic than topotecan against multidrug-resistant KBvin subline. Convincing evidences are achieved that incorporation of sulphonamide and sulfonylurea motifs into position-20 of camptothecin confers markedly enhanced cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Fei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi-Long Song
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- Jinan AISI Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Li-Zeng Peng
- Jinan AISI Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | | | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Li DZ, Fu ZD, Liu HY, Pan XD. Facile synthesis and cytotoxicity of substituted uracil-1'( N)-acetic acid and 4-pyridone-1'( N)-acetic acid esters of 20(S)-camptothecins. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:259-268. [PMID: 38347748 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2300374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel substituted uracil-1'(N)-acetic acid esters (5-9) and 4-pyridone-1'(N)-acetic acid esters (10-11) of 20(S)-camptothecins (CPTs) have been synthesized by the acylation method. All of these new esters were assayed for in vitro cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines A549, Bel7402, BGC-823, HCT-8 and A2780. The in vitro bioassay results showed that all the synthesized compounds 5-11 had cytotoxities that were higher than TPT and comparable to CPT on these five tumor cell lines, some of them even showed comparable or superior cytotoxic activity to CPT. The in vitro data exhibited the cytotoxicity of the ester depended on that of its parent compound. The ester 5, 6, 8, 10, 11 even possessed the cytotoxity activity comparable to or even a little better than CPT on A549, HCT-8 and A2780. The compound 11 had the same level of cytoxity on Bel7402 as that of CPT. Here the synthesis and the in vitro antitumor evaluation of a series of novel 20-O-linked substituted uracil-1'(N)-acetic acid and 4-pyridone-1'(N)-acetic acid esters derivatives of CPTs are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Zao Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, and Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhao-Di Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xian-Dao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Hobzova R, Sirc J, Shrestha K, Mudrova B, Bosakova Z, Slouf M, Munzarova M, Hrabeta J, Feglarova T, Cocarta AI. Multilayered Polyurethane/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibrous Mats for Local Topotecan Delivery as a Potential Retinoblastoma Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051398. [PMID: 37242640 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Local chemotherapy using polymer drug delivery systems has the potential to treat some cancers, including intraocular retinoblastoma, which is difficult to treat with systemically delivered drugs. Well-designed carriers can provide the required drug concentration at the target site over a prolonged time, reduce the overall drug dose needed, and suppress severe side effects. Herein, nanofibrous carriers of the anticancer agent topotecan (TPT) with a multilayered structure composed of a TPT-loaded inner layer of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and outer covering layers of polyurethane (PUR) are proposed. Scanning electron microscopy showed homogeneous incorporation of TPT into the PVA nanofibers. HPLC-FLD proved the good loading efficiency of TPT (≥85%) with a content of the pharmacologically active lactone TPT of more than 97%. In vitro release experiments demonstrated that the PUR cover layers effectively reduced the initial burst release of hydrophilic TPT. In a 3-round experiment with human retinoblastoma cells (Y-79), TPT showed prolonged release from the sandwich-structured nanofibers compared with that from a PVA monolayer, with significantly enhanced cytotoxic effects as a result of an increase in the PUR layer thickness. The presented PUR-PVA/TPT-PUR nanofibers appear to be promising carriers of active TPT lactone that could be useful for local cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Hobzova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Sirc
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kusum Shrestha
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Mudrova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Slouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Hrabeta
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Feglarova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ana-Irina Cocarta
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
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coupled Hydrodynamic Flow Focusing (cHFF) to Engineer Lipid–Polymer Nanoparticles (LiPoNs) for Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Applications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020438. [PMID: 35203647 PMCID: PMC8962394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An optimal design of nanocarriers is required to overcome the gap between synthetic and biological identity, improving the clinical translation of nanomedicine. A new generation of hybrid vehicles based on lipid–polymer coupling, obtained by Microfluidics, is proposed and validated for theranostics and multimodal imaging applications. A coupled Hydrodynamic Flow Focusing (cHFF) is exploited to control the time scales of solvent exchange and the coupling of the polymer nanoprecipitation with the lipid self-assembly simultaneously, guiding the formation of Lipid–Polymer NPs (LiPoNs). This hybrid lipid–polymeric tool is made up of core–shell structure, where a polymeric chitosan core is enveloped in a lipid bilayer, capable of co-encapsulating simultaneously Gd-DTPA and Irinotecan/Atto 633 compounds. As a result, a monodisperse population of hybrid NPs with an average size of 77 nm, with preserved structural integrity in different environmental conditions and high biocompatibility, can be used for MRI and Optical applications. Furthermore, preliminary results show the enhanced delivery and therapeutic efficacy of Irinotecan-loaded hybrid formulation against U87 MG cancers cells.
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Partridge FA, Poulton BC, Lake MAI, Lees RA, Mann HJ, Lycett GJ, Sattelle DB. Actions of Camptothecin Derivatives on Larvae and Adults of the Arboviral Vector Aedes aegypti. Molecules 2021; 26:6226. [PMID: 34684807 PMCID: PMC8540655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses including dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses, and parasites such as malaria and Onchocerca volvulus endanger health and economic security around the globe, and emerging mosquito-borne pathogens have pandemic potential. However, the rapid spread of insecticide resistance threatens our ability to control mosquito vectors. Larvae of Aedes aegypti were screened with the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pandemic Response Box, an open-source compound library, using INVAPP, an invertebrate automated phenotyping platform suited to high-throughput chemical screening of larval motility. We identified rubitecan (a synthetic derivative of camptothecin) as a hit compound that reduced A. aegypti larval motility. Both rubitecan and camptothecin displayed concentration dependent reduction in larval motility with estimated EC50 of 25.5 ± 5.0 µM and 22.3 ± 5.4 µM, respectively. We extended our investigation to adult mosquitoes and found that camptothecin increased lethality when delivered in a blood meal to A. aegypti adults at 100 µM and 10 µM, and completely blocked egg laying when fed at 100 µM. Camptothecin and its derivatives are inhibitors of topoisomerase I, have known activity against several agricultural pests, and are also approved for the treatment of several cancers. Crucially, they can inhibit Zika virus replication in human cells, so there is potential for dual targeting of both the vector and an important arbovirus that it carries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A. Partridge
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (F.A.P.); (M.A.I.L.); (H.-J.M.)
| | - Beth C. Poulton
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (B.C.P.); (R.A.L.)
| | - Milly A. I. Lake
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (F.A.P.); (M.A.I.L.); (H.-J.M.)
| | - Rebecca A. Lees
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (B.C.P.); (R.A.L.)
| | - Harry-Jack Mann
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (F.A.P.); (M.A.I.L.); (H.-J.M.)
| | - Gareth J. Lycett
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (B.C.P.); (R.A.L.)
| | - David B. Sattelle
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (F.A.P.); (M.A.I.L.); (H.-J.M.)
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Chini MG, Lauro G, Bifulco G. Addressing the Target Identification and Accelerating the Repositioning of Anti‐Inflammatory/Anti‐Cancer Organic Compounds by Computational Approaches. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Chini
- Department of Biosciences and Territory University of Molise C.da Fonte Lappone 86090 Pesche (IS) Italy
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
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Bossacoma F, Cuadrado-Vilanova M, Vinent J, Correa MG, Gavrus D, Castillo-Ecija H, Catala-Mora J, Mora J, Schaiquevich P, Chantada GL, Carcaboso AM. Optimizing the storage of chemotherapeutics for ophthalmic oncology: stability of topotecan solution for intravitreal injection. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:397-400. [PMID: 32490703 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1776336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND . Intravitreal administration of topotecan shows activity against tumor vitreous seeding in the conservative treatment of retinoblastoma, a malignant tumor originated in the retina of small children. Adequate storage of the intravitreal topotecan solution would allow immediate availability for patients at health care institutions. The goal of the work was to address the stability of the intravitreal topotecan formulation upon reconstitution. MATERIALS AND METHODS . Intravitreal topotecan solutions were reconstituted (at a concentration of 0.2 mg topotecan in 1 mL saline solution vehicle, aliquoted in 1 mL plastic syringes) and stored either frozen or at room temperature for different times. Topotecan content was analyzed at time zero and at different conditions using a high performance liquid chromatography method to quantify topotecan lactone (active) and to detect its pH-dependent hydrolysis product, the open carboxylate. RESULTS . We found that intravitreal topotecan syringes remained stable at room temperature at least for 24 h, at least for 167 days upon stored frozen at -20°C, and up to 8 h after thawing at day 6. The degradation carboxylate product did not appear in the analyzed thawed samples during the whole study. CONCLUSIONS . This study confirms the stability of frozen intravitreal topotecan syringes and will help optimize the use of this chemotherapy modality at institutions with low resources. Storage of aliquots will also help reduce personnel exposure to chemotherapy at hospital pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bossacoma
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Fundació Salut Empordà , Figueras, Girona, Spain
| | - M Cuadrado-Vilanova
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Vinent
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona, Spain
| | - M G Correa
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gavrus
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Castillo-Ecija
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Catala-Mora
- Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Mora
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Schaiquevich
- Precision Medicine, Hospital de Pediatria J.P. Garrahan , Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G L Chantada
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona, Spain.,Precision Medicine, Hospital de Pediatria J.P. Garrahan , Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A M Carcaboso
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona, Spain
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Tang F, Tsakalozou E, Arnold SM, Ng CM, Leggas M. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of AR-67, a lactone stable camptothecin analogue, in cancer patients with solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:1218-1230. [PMID: 30820810 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background AR-67 is a novel camptothecin analogue at early stages of drug development. The phase 1 clinical trial in cancer patients with solid tumors was completed and a population pharmacokinetic model (POP PK) was developed to facilitate further development of this investigational agent. Methods Pharmacokinetic data collected in the phase 1 clinical trial were utilized for the development of a population POP PK by implementing the non-linear mixed effects approach. Patient characteristics at study entry were evaluated as covariates in the model. Subjects (N = 26) were treated at nine dosage levels (1.2-12.4 mg/m2/day) on a daily × 5 schedule. Hematological toxicity data were modeled against exposure metrics. Results A two-compartment POP PK model best described the disposition of AR-67 by fitting a total of 328 PK observations from 25 subjects. Following covariate model selection, age remained as a significant covariate on central volume. The final model provided a good fit for the concentration versus time data and PK parameters were estimated with good precision. Clearance, inter-compartmental clearance, central volume and peripheral volume were estimated to be 32.2 L/h, 28.6 L/h, 6.83 L and 25.0 L, respectively. Finally, exposure-pharmacodynamic analysis using Emax models showed that plasma drug concentration versus time profiles are better predictors of AR-67-related hematologic toxicity were better predictors of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, as compared to total dose. Conclusions A POP PK model was developed to characterize AR-67 pharmacokinetics and identified age as a significant covariate. Exposure PK metrics Cmax and AUC were shown to predict hematological toxicity. Further efforts to identify clinically relevant determinants of AR-67 disposition and effects in a larger patient population are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Susanne M Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,National Cancer Institute Designated Markey Cancer Center, Lexington Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chee M Ng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,National Cancer Institute Designated Markey Cancer Center, Lexington Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Markos Leggas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,National Cancer Institute Designated Markey Cancer Center, Lexington Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Jeong D, Pal T, Kim H, Kim TW, Biswas G, Lee D, Singh T, Murthy ASN, Kim W, Kim K, Im J. Preparation of a Camptothecin‐conjugated Molecular Carrier and its Cytotoxic Effect Toward Human Colorectal Carcinoma
In Vitro. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineSoonchunhyang University Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - Tarun Pal
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjoo Kim
- Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, College of MedicineSoonchunhyang University Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, College of MedicineSoonchunhyang University Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - Goutam Biswas
- Department of ChemistryCooch Behar Panchanan Barma University Cooch Behar India
| | - Daeun Lee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSoonchunhyang University Asan Republic of Korea
| | - Tejinder Singh
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSoonchunhyang University Asan Republic of Korea
| | - Akula S. N. Murthy
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSoonchunhyang University Asan Republic of Korea
| | - Wanil Kim
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Science and Division of Integrative Biosciences and BiotechnologyPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong‐Tai Kim
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Science and Division of Integrative Biosciences and BiotechnologyPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkyun Im
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSoonchunhyang University Asan Republic of Korea
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Casadó A, Mora M, Sagristá ML, Rello-Varona S, Acedo P, Stockert JC, Cañete M, Villanueva A. Improved selectivity and cytotoxic effects of irinotecan via liposomal delivery: A comparative study on Hs68 and HeLa cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Flaten GE, Chang TT, Phillips WT, Brandl M, Bao A, Goins B. Liposomal formulations of poorly soluble camptothecin: drug retention and biodistribution. J Liposome Res 2012; 23:70-81. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.742537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ying V, Haverstick K, Page RL, Saltzman WM. Efficacy of camptothecin and polymer-conjugated camptothecin in tumor spheroids and solid tumors. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 18:1283-99. [DOI: 10.1163/156856207782177918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ying
- a School of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, C2-502 Clinical Programs Center Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kraig Haverstick
- b School of Chemical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rodney L. Page
- c School of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, C2-502 Clinical Programs Center Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- d School of Chemical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, Malone Engineering Center 413, New Haven, CT 06511-6816, USA
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Lauro G, Romano A, Riccio R, Bifulco G. Inverse virtual screening of antitumor targets: pilot study on a small database of natural bioactive compounds. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1401-7. [PMID: 21542600 DOI: 10.1021/np100935s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An inverse virtual screening in silico approach has been applied to natural bioactive molecules to screen their efficacy against proteins involved in cancer processes, with the aim of directing future experimental assays. Docking studies were performed on a panel of 126 protein targets extracted from the Protein Data Bank, to analyze their possible interactions with a small library of 43 bioactive compounds. Analysis of the molecular docking results was performed through the use of tables containing energy data organized in a matrix. The application of this approach may facilitate the prediction of the activity of unknown ligands for known targets involved in the development of cancer and could be applied to other models based on different libraries of ligands and different panels of targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Lauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Karalis V, Magklara E, Shah VP, Macheras P. From drug delivery systems to drug release, dissolution, IVIVC, BCS, BDDCS, bioequivalence and biowaivers. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2018-29. [PMID: 20635193 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This is a summary report of the conference on drug absorption and bioequivalence issues held in Titania Hotel in Athens (Greece) from the 28(th) to the 30(th) of May 2009. The conference included presentations which were mainly divided into three sections. The first section focused on modern drug delivery systems such as polymer nanotechnology, cell immobilization techniques to deliver drugs into the brain, nanosized liposomes used in drug eluting stents, encapsulation of drug implants in biocompatible polymers, and application of differential scanning calorimetry as a tool to study liposomal stability. The importance of drug release and dissolution were also discussed by placing special emphasis on camptothecins and oral prolonged release formulations. The complexity of the luminal environment and the value of dissolution in lyophilized products were also highlighted. The second session of the conference included presentations on the Biopharmaceutics Classification Scheme (BCS), the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS), and the role of transporters in the classification of drugs. The current status of biowaivers and a modern view on non-linear in vitro-in vivo (IVIVC) correlations were also addressed. Finally, this section ended with a special topic on biorelevant dissolution media and methods. The third day of the conference was dedicated to bioequivalence. Emphasis was placed on high within-subject variability and its impact on study design. Two unresolved issues of bioequivalence were also discussed: the use of generic antiepileptic drugs and the role of metabolites in bioequivalence assessment. Finally, the conference closed with a presentation of the current regulatory status of WHO and EMEA.
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Deshmukh M, Chao P, Kutscher HL, Gao D, Sinko PJ. A series of alpha-amino acid ester prodrugs of camptothecin: in vitro hydrolysis and A549 human lung carcinoma cell cytotoxicity. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1038-47. [PMID: 20063889 DOI: 10.1021/jm901029n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to identify a camptothecin (CPT) prodrug with optimal release and cytotoxicity properties for immobilization on a passively targeted microparticle delivery system. A series of alpha-amino acid ester prodrugs of CPT were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated. Four CPT prodrugs were synthesized with increasing aliphatic chain length (glycine (Gly) (2a), alanine (Ala) (2b), aminobutyric acid (Abu) (2c), and norvaline (Nva) (2d)). Prodrug reconversion was studied at pH 6.6, 7.0, and 7.4 corresponding to tumor, lung, and extracellular/physiological pH, respectively. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in A549 human lung carcinoma cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The hydrolytic reconversion rate to parent CPT increased with decreasing side chain length as well as increasing pH. The Hill slope of 2d was significantly less than CPT and the other prodrugs tested, indicating a higher cell death rate at lower concentrations. These results suggest that 2d is the best candidate for a passively targeted sustained release lung delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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17
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Baker JHE, Lam J, Kyle AH, Sy J, Oliver T, Co SJ, Dragowska WH, Ramsay E, Anantha M, Ruth TJ, Adam MJ, Yung A, Kozlowski P, Minchinton AI, Ng SSW, Bally MB, Yapp DTT. Irinophore C, a novel nanoformulation of irinotecan, alters tumor vascular function and enhances the distribution of 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 14:7260-71. [PMID: 19010842 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the antitumor effects of Irinophore C, a nanopharmaceutical formulation of irinotecan, on the tissue morphology and function of tumor vasculature in HT-29 human colorectal tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Fluorescence microscopy was used to map and quantify changes in tissue density, tumor vasculature, hypoxia, and the distribution of Hoechst 33342, a perfusion marker, and the anticancer drug, doxorubicin. Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify Ktrans, the volume transfer constant of a solute between the blood vessels and extracellular tissue compartment of the tumor, as a measure of vascular function. Following treatment with Irinophore C, 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor the delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to the tumor tissue, whereas scintigraphy was used to quantify the presence of bound [14C]5-FU. RESULTS Irinophore C decreased cell density (P = 8.42 x 10(-5)), the overall number of endothelial cells in the entire section (P = 0.014), tumor hypoxia (P = 5.32 x 10(-9)), and K(trans) (P = 0.050). However, treatment increased the ratio of endothelial cells to cell density (P = 0.00024) and the accumulation of Hoechst 33342 (P = 0.022), doxorubicin (P = 0.243 x 10(-5)), and 5-FU (P = 0.0002) in the tumor. Vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8, two proangiogenic factors, were down-regulated, whereas the antiangiogenic factor TIMP-1 was up-regulated in Irinophore C-treated tumors. CONCLUSIONS Irinophore C treatment improves the vascular function of the tumor, thereby reducing tumor hypoxia and increasing the delivery and accumulation of a second drug. Reducing hypoxia would enhance radiotherapy, whereas improving delivery of a second drug to the tumor should result in higher cell kill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H E Baker
- Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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18
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Kratz F, Abu Ajaj K, Warnecke A. Anticancer carrier-linked prodrugs in clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:1037-58. [PMID: 17594188 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.7.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Coupling of low molecular weight anticancer drugs to antibodies, serum proteins or polymers through a cleavable linker has been an effective method for improving the therapeutic index of cytotoxic established agents. Modern drug-antibody conjugates that have recently entered clinical trials have primarily used highly potent drugs such as calicheamicin or maytansins. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, a conjugate of calicheamicin and an anti-CD33 humanized antibody, is the first drug-antibody conjugate to receive market approval. Drug conjugates that have undergone clinical assessment include N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer conjugates with doxorubicin, camptothecin, paclitaxel and Pt(II) complexes, poly(ethylene glycol) conjugates with camptothecin and paclitaxel, polyglutamate conjugates with paclitaxel and camptothecin, a methotrexate-albumin conjugate and an albumin-binding doxorubicin prodrug. This review summarizes the Phase I-III studies that have been performed with these macromolecular prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kratz
- Tumor Biology Center, Macromolecular Prodrugs, Freiburg, Germany.
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Ramsay E, Alnajim J, Anantha M, Taggar A, Thomas A, Edwards K, Karlsson G, Webb M, Bally M. Transition Metal-Mediated Liposomal Encapsulation of Irinotecan (CPT-11) Stabilizes the Drug in the Therapeutically Active Lactone Conformation. Pharm Res 2006; 23:2799-808. [PMID: 17063397 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether entrapped transition metals could mediate the active encapsulation of the anticancer drug irinotecan into preformed liposomes. Further, to establish that metal complexation could stabilize liposomal irinotecan in the therapeutically active lactone conformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Irinotecan was added to preformed 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine/cholesterol (DSPC/chol) liposomes prepared in CuSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4, or CoSO4 solutions, and drug encapsulation was determined over time. The roles of the transmembrane pH gradient and internal pH were evaluated. TLC and HPLC were used to monitor drug stability and liposome morphology was assessed by cryo-TEM. RESULTS Irinotecan was rapidly and efficiently loaded into preformed liposomes prepared in unbuffered (approximately pH 3.5) 300 mM CuSO4 or ZnSO4. For Cu-containing liposomes, results suggested that irinotecan loading occurred when the interior pH and the exterior pH were matched; however, addition of nigericin to collapse any residual transmembrane pH gradient inhibited irinotecan loading. Greater than 90% of the encapsulated drug was in its active lactone form and cryo-TEM analysis indicated dark intravesicular electron-dense spots. CONCLUSION Irinotecan is stably entrapped in the active lactone conformation within preformed copper-containing liposomes as a result of metal-drug complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan Ramsay
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1L3.
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Cao S, Bhattacharya A, Durrani FA, Fakih M. Irinotecan, oxaliplatin and raltitrexed for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2006; 7:687-703. [PMID: 16556086 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.7.6.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Out of every 17-18 individuals in the US, one develops colorectal cancer (CRC) in their lifetime. Of individuals diagnosed with CRC, > 50% present or develop metastatic disease, which, if untreated, is associated with 6-9 months median survival. Although surgical resection is the primary treatment modality for CRC, chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for metastatic or unresectable disease. For nearly three decades, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been the chemotherapy of choice for treatment of CRC. However, the response rates to single 5-FU therapy have been suboptimal with an objective tumour response of 10-20%. Attempts have been made to improve the efficacy of 5-FU by either schedule alteration (protracted infusion versus intravenous push) or biochemical modulation with leucovorin (LV). Continuous infusion induced more tumour regression and prolonged the time-to-disease progression with some significant impact on survival (11.3 versus 12.1 months; p < 0.04). 5-FU/LV resulted in a significant increase in overall response rates and in the prolongation of disease-free survival in the adjuvant setting, although severe toxicities represent a major clinical problem. The last 10 years have seen the addition of several new agents such as irinotecan, oxaliplatin, raltitrexed, bevacizumab and cetuximab. The prognosis has significantly improved with the addition of these agents, with median survivals now > 20 months. This review paper focuses on irinotecan, oxaliplatin and raltitrexed when used alone and in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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21
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Messerer CL, Ramsay EC, Waterhouse D, Ng R, Simms EM, Harasym N, Tardi P, Mayer LD, Bally MB. Liposomal irinotecan: formulation development and therapeutic assessment in murine xenograft models of colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:6638-49. [PMID: 15475454 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose is to demonstrate whether an appropriately designed liposomal formulation of irinotecan is effective in treating mice with liver-localized colorectal carcinomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Irinotecan was encapsulated in 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/cholesterol (55:45 molar ratio) liposomes using an ionophore (A23187)-generated transmembrane proton gradient. This formulation was evaluated in vivo by measuring plasma elimination of liposomal lipid and drug after i.v. administration. Therapeutic activity was determined in SCID/Rag-2M mice bearing s.c. LS180 tumors or orthotopic LS174T colorectal metastases. RESULTS Drug elimination from the plasma was significantly reduced when irinotecan was administered in the liposomal formulation. At 1 hour after i.v. administration, circulating levels of the liposomal drug were 100-fold greater than that of irinotecan given at the same dose. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of plasma samples indicated that liposomal irinotecan was protected from inactivating hydrolysis to the carboxylate form. This formulation exhibited substantially improved therapeutic effects. For the LS180 solid tumor model, it was shown that after a single injection of liposomal irinotecan at 50 mg/kg, the time to progress to a 400-mg tumor was 34 days (as compared with 22 days for animals treated with free drug at an equivalent dose). In the model of colorectal liver metastases (LS174T), a median survival time of 79 days was observed after treatment with liposomal irinotecan (50 mg/kg, given every 4 days for a total of three doses). Saline and free drug treated mice survived for 34 and 53 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate that liposomal encapsulation can substantially enhance the therapeutic activity of irinotecan and emphasize the potential for using liposomal irinotecan to treat liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrie Lynn Messerer
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Advanced Therapeutics, Vancouver, Canada
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22
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Chen AY, Shih SJ, Garriques LN, Rothenberg ML, Hsiao M, Curran DP. Silatecan DB-67 is a novel DNA topoisomerase I–targeted radiation sensitizer. Mol Cancer Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.317.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The silatecan 7-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (DB-67) represents a new generation of camptothecin derivatives that exhibits a potent in vitro DNA topoisomerase I (TOP1)–mediated DNA-damaging activity, improved blood stability, and holds significant promise for the treatment of human cancers. In this study, we characterize the role of TOP1 in mediating the radiosensitization activity of DB-67. As examined by clonogenic survival assay, DB-67 exhibited potent radiosensitization activity at a concentration 10-fold lower than camptothecin in the human glioma D54-MG and T-98G cells, which harbor wild-type and mutant p53, respectively. Analyzed by the single-hit multitarget model, DB-67 induced radiosensitization by obliterating the “shoulder” of the radiation survival curve in the D54-MG cells. The in vivo targeting of TOP1 by DB-67 was investigated by immunoblot analysis. In a dose-dependent manner, DB-67 specifically stimulates covalent linking of TOP1 to chromosomal DNA at concentrations 10-fold lower than camptothecin in the D54-MG cells. The potency of in vivo targeting of TOP1 by DB-67 correlates well with its cytotoxicity and radiosensitization activity. Furthermore, DB-67 exhibited substantially less cytotoxicity and radiosensitization activity in the TOP1 mutant Chinese hamster lung fibroblast DC3F/C-10 cells than in their parental DC3F cells. Together, our data show that DB-67 exhibits potent cytotoxicity and radiosensitization activity by targeting TOP1 in mammalian cells and has great potential for being developed to treat human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyh-Jen Shih
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Liza N. Garriques
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Mace L. Rothenberg
- 2Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael Hsiao
- 3Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and
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Zhang Z, Tanabe K, Hatta H, Nishimoto SI. Bioreduction activated prodrugs of camptothecin: molecular design, synthesis, activation mechanism and hypoxia selective cytotoxicity. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:1905-10. [PMID: 15889173 DOI: 10.1039/b502813b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several water-soluble derivatives (CPT3, CPT3a-d) of camptothecin (CPT) were synthesized, among which CPT3 bearing an N,N'-dimethyl-1-aminoethylcarbamate side-chain was further conjugated with reductively eliminating structural units of indolequinone, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol and 4-nitrofuryl alcohol to produce novel prodrugs of camptothecin (CPT4-6). All CPT derivatives were of lower cytotoxicity than their parent compound of CPT. In contrast, CPT4 and CPT6 showed higher hypoxia selectivity of cytotoxicity towards tumor cells than CPT. A mechanism by which a representative prodrug CPT4 is activated in the presence of DT-diaphorase to release CPT was also discussed. The bioreduction activated CPT prodrugs including CPT4 and CPT6 are identified to be promising for application to the hypoxia targeting tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouen Zhang
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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Saetern AM, Brandl M, Bakkelund WH, Sveinbjørnsson B. Cytotoxic effect of different camptothecin formulations on human colon carcinoma in vitro. Anticancer Drugs 2004; 15:899-906. [PMID: 15457131 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200410000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two innovative 20-S-camptothecin (CPT) formulations, previously found suitable to achieve therapeutically relevant CPT concentrations, were assessed for their in vitro cytotoxic potential as compared to an aqueous CPT solution, using the MTT assay. The formulations, cationic CPT-containing liposomes (CPT-Lip), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) complexed CPT (CPT-CD) and a saturated aqueous CPT solution (CPT-Sol), were diluted in culture medium to appropriate CPT concentrations (4.7-300 ng/ml), and incubated with HT-29 and SW-480 human colon carcinoma cell lines. IC50 values were calculated after 48 and 72 h incubation for the HT-29 and SW-480 cell lines, respectively, and were found to be of the same magnitude for all formulations, with only a slight difference (CPT-Sol<CPT-CD<CPT-lip). The cells obtained apoptotic morphology after 36 h incubation with CPT-CD and were demonstrated to be active caspase-3 immuno-positive. Both formulations investigated, CPT-CD and CPT-Lip, showed significant cytotoxicity in vitro relative to CPT-Sol and warrant investigation for future therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Mari Saetern
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø, Breivika, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Mamot C, Drummond DC, Hong K, Kirpotin DB, Park JW. Liposome-based approaches to overcome anticancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2004; 6:271-9. [PMID: 14643297 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-7646(03)00082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains an important obstacle towards better outcomes in the treatment of cancer. One general approach to overcome this problem has been to inhibit specific resistance mechanisms, such as P-glycoprotein (PGP)-mediated drug efflux, using small molecule agents or other therapeutic strategies. Alternatively, drug delivery approaches using liposomes or other carriers can in principle target drugs to tumor tissue, tumor cells, or even compartments within tumor cells. By increasing bioavailability of drugs at sites of action, these approaches may provide therapeutic advantages, including enhanced efficacy against resistant tumors. Current liposomal anthracyclines have achieved clinical use in cancer treatment by providing efficient encapsulation of drug in stable and non-reactive carriers, and there is evidence indicating potential benefit in some clinical settings involving resistant tumors. Other liposome-based strategies include constructs designed to be taken up by tumor cells, as well as further modifications to allow triggered drug release. These approaches seek to overcome drug resistance by more efficient delivery to tumor cells, and in some cases by concomitant avoidance or inhibition of drug efflux mechanisms. Newer agents employ molecular targeting, such as immunoliposomes using antibody-directed binding and internalization. These agents selectively deliver drug to tumor cells, can efficiently internalize for intracellular drug release, and can potentially enhance both efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Mamot
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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Abraham SA, Edwards K, Karlsson G, Hudon N, Mayer LD, Bally MB. An evaluation of transmembrane ion gradient-mediated encapsulation of topotecan within liposomes. J Control Release 2004; 96:449-61. [PMID: 15120901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Topotecan can be encapsulated in liposomes, however little is known about the role encapsulated counter ions play in drug loading efficiency and drug release. Using 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol liposomes (55:45 mole ratio), encapsulation was achieved using manganese ion gradients (MnSO(4) or MnCl(2)), with the addition of A23187, a divalent cation/proton exchanger, to maintain a pH gradient. This methodology was compared to procedures where the pH gradient was generated by use of encapsulated (NH(4))(2)SO(4) or citrate (300 mM, pH 3.5). All methods facilitated topotecan encapsulation. Liposomes prepared in the presence of the citrate and MnCl(2) (+A23187) exhibited reduced loading capacities. Liposomes prepared in the presence of (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and MnSO(4) (+A23187) could be used to generate liposomes exhibiting a drug-to-lipid ratio of 0.3 (wt/wt) with an encapsulation efficiency of >90%. In vitro drug release data suggested that the (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and MnSO(4) (+A23187) formulations released drug at a reduced rate. For these formulations, the drug release rates decreased as the drug-to-lipid ratio (wt/wt) increased from 0.1 to 0.2. Cryo-electron micrographs indicated that encapsulated topotecan precipitated as linear particles within liposomes. The stability of topotecan loaded liposomes appeared to be dependent on the presence of both a pH gradient and encapsulated sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela A Abraham
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Pan XD, Han R, Sun PY. Regioselective synthesis and cytotoxicities of camptothecin derivatives modified at the 7-, 10- and 20-positions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3739-41. [PMID: 14552770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of 7-acyloxymethylcamptothecin and 20-O-acyl-7-acyloxymethylcamptothecin derivatives were regioselectively prepared on different solvents. 7-Acyloxymethylcamptothecins possess more efficacy than 20-O-acyl-7-acyloxymethylcamptothecins against six human cancer cell lines in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-dao Pan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Bailly C. Homocamptothecins: potent topoisomerase I inhibitors and promising anticancer drugs. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2003; 45:91-108. [PMID: 12482574 DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(02)00090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocamptothecins (hCPTs) represent a new generation of antitumor agents targeting DNA topoisomerase I. The expanded seven-membered lactone E-ring that characterizes hCPTs enhances the plasma stability of the drug and reinforces the inhibition of topoisomerase I compared with conventional six-membered CPTs. hCPTs are more efficient than the CPTs at promoting cleavage at T/G sites and induce additional cleavage at C/G sites. Compound BN80765 and its difluoro analogue diflomotecan (DN80915) are potent cytotoxic agents and efficiently induce apoptosis in tumor cells. They display strong antiproliferative activities against specific tumor types. Diflomotecan is remarkably efficient at inhibiting the growth of human colon cancer cells in vivo and, administered orally, it also shows superior activities against human prostate cancers compared with the benchmark products topotecan (TPT) and irinotecan (IRT). Diflomotecan has entered phase I clinical testing and antitumor activity has been observed in patients. This 9,10-difluoro-hCPTs derivative is one of the most promising new members of the 'tecan' family. This review summarizes the recent discoveries in the topoisomerase I field and presents the different camptothecin (CPT) analogues currently evaluated as anticancer agents. The specific properties of hCPTs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- INSERM UR524, Institut de Recherches sur le Cancer, Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
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