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Ali A, Lopardo G, Scarpellini B, Stein RT, Ribeiro D. Systematic review on respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology in adults and the elderly in Latin America. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 90:170-180. [PMID: 31669592 PMCID: PMC7110494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study provides a comprehensive review of the recently published data on RSV epidemiology in adults and the elderly in Latin America. METHODS A systematic literature search was carried out in Medline, Scielo, Lilacs, and Cochrane Library. The search strategy aimed at retrieving studies focusing on RSV prevalence, burden, risk factors, and the routine clinical practice in the prevention and management of RSV infections in Latin American countries. Only articles published between January 2011 and December 2017 were considered. RESULTS Eighteen studies were included. Percentages of RSV detection varied highly across included studies for adult subjects with respiratory infections (0% to 77.9%), influenza-like illness (1.0% to 16.4%) and community-acquired pneumonia (1.3% to 13.5%). Considerable percentages of hospitalization were reported for RSV-infected adults with influenza-like illness (40.9% and 69.9%) and community-acquired pneumonia (91.7%). CONCLUSIONS Recent RSV data regarding adult populations in Latin America are scarce. RSV was documented as a cause of illness in adults and the elderly, being identified in patients with acute respiratory infections, influenza-like illness and community-acquired pneumonia. The studies suggest that RSV infections may be a significant cause of hospitalization in adult populations in Latin America, including younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Ali
- Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Carrera 13B # 161- 85 Piso 2, Postal Code 110131, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Gustavo Lopardo
- Department of Infectious Diseases at FUNCEI and Hospital Bernardo Houssay, French 3085, (1425) Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Bruno Scarpellini
- Real World Evidence Department, Medical Affairs Latin America, Janssen Cilag Farmacêutica, Avenida Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek, 2041 - Vila Nova Conceição, 04543-011, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renato T. Stein
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do RGS (PUCRS), ReSViNET Executive Committee member, Centro Clinico PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690, conj.420. Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Diogo Ribeiro
- CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services, Rua Tierno Galvan, Torre 3, Piso 16, 1070-274 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Salto-Quintana JN, Rivera-Alfaro G, Sánchez-Ramos EL, Gómez-Gómez A, Noyola DE. Post-pandemic influenza-associated mortality in Mexico. Pathog Glob Health 2019; 113:67-74. [PMID: 30895882 PMCID: PMC6493299 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2019.1589211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections worldwide and there is limited information on the impact of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm virus on mortality after the 2009 pandemic. Using national mortality register data through 1998-2015 in Mexico, influenza-associated mortality was estimated for respiratory, cardiovascular, and all-cause events. The proportion of influenza-associated respiratory and cardiovascular deaths among different age groups were compared. There were 8,853,986 death registries included for the 1998-2015 winter seasons, average influenza-associated respiratory, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality rates were 5.2, 6.3, and 19.6 deaths/100,000 population, respectively. The largest number of respiratory influenza-associated deaths occurred in adults 60 years of age and older, followed by children <5 years of age; during the 2009 pandemic, 2011-2012, and 2013-2014 winter seasons there was a larger number of deaths in the 20-59 years old group. Influenza-associated mortality rates showed a continuous reduction in children <5 years of age. After the 2009 pandemic, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus-associated mortality in Mexico showed a persistent change in the demographic pattern of the most severely affected population, particularly during the 2013-2014 season. Influenza associated-mortality has decreased in children <5 years of age and continue to be elevated in adults >60 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack N. Salto-Quintana
- Microbiology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Internal Medicine Division, Hospital Central “Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto”, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Gerardo Rivera-Alfaro
- Microbiology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Evelyn L. Sánchez-Ramos
- Childhood and Adolescence Health Care Department, Servicios de Salud de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Gómez
- Internal Medicine Division, Hospital Central “Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto”, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Daniel E. Noyola
- Microbiology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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3
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Canche-Pech JR, Conde-Ferraez L, Puerto-Solis M, Gonzalez-Losa R, Granja-Pérez P, Villanueva-Jorge S, Chan-Gasca M, Gómez-Carballo J, López-Ochoa L, Jiménez-Delgadillo B, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Ramírez-Prado J, Ayora-Talavera G. Temporal distribution and genetic variants in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulating in Mexico, seasons 2012 and 2013. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189363. [PMID: 29220381 PMCID: PMC5722308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2012 and 2013 annual influenza epidemics in Mexico were characterized by presenting different seasonal patterns. In 2012 the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus caused a high incidence of influenza infections after a two-year period of low circulation; whereas the 2013 epidemic presented circulation of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus throughout the year. We have characterized the molecular composition of the Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) genes of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus from both epidemic seasons, emphasizing the genetic characteristics of viruses isolated from Yucatan in Southern Mexico. The molecular analysis of viruses from the 2012 revealed that all viruses from Mexico were predominantly grouped in clade 7. Strikingly, the molecular characterization of viruses from 2013 revealed that viruses circulating in Yucatan were genetically different to viruses from other regions of Mexico. In fact, we identified the occurrence of two genetic variants containing relevant mutations at both the HA and NA surface antigens. There was a difference on the temporal circulation of each genetic variant, viruses containing the mutations HA-A141T / NA-N341S were detected in May, June and July; whereas viruses containing the mutations HA-S162I / NA-L206S circulated in August and September. We discuss the significance of these novel genetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Reyes Canche-Pech
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan. Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr.Hideyo Noguchi. Av. Centro. C.P. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Laura Conde-Ferraez
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan. Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr.Hideyo Noguchi. Av. Centro. C.P. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Marylin Puerto-Solis
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan. Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr.Hideyo Noguchi. Av. Centro. C.P. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Refugio Gonzalez-Losa
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan. Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr.Hideyo Noguchi. Av. Centro. C.P. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Pilar Granja-Pérez
- Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Publica. Servicios de Salud de Yucatan, Yucatan, México
| | | | - Maria Chan-Gasca
- Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Publica. Servicios de Salud de Yucatan, Yucatan, México
| | - Jesus Gómez-Carballo
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan. Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr.Hideyo Noguchi. Av. Centro. C.P. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Luisa López-Ochoa
- Unidad de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan, A.C., Calle, Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo, C.P. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | | - Iram Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. Av. Gonzalitos s/n cruce con Av. Madero. Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan. Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr.Hideyo Noguchi. Av. Centro. C.P. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
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Gómez-Gómez A, Magaña-Aquino M, Bernal-Silva S, Araujo-Meléndez J, Comas-García A, Alonso-Zúñiga E, Torres-Torres E, Noyola DE. Risk factors for severe influenza A-related pneumonia in adult cohort, Mexico, 2013-14. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1554-8. [PMID: 25148014 PMCID: PMC4178407 DOI: 10.3201/eid2009.140115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 2013–14 influenza season, we assessed characteristics of 102 adults with suspected influenza pneumonia in a hospital in Mexico; most were unvaccinated. More comorbidities and severity of illness were found than for patients admitted during the 2009–10 influenza pandemic. Vaccination policies should focus on risk factors.
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Abstract
Each year, influenza causes substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is important to understand influenza in the tropics because of the significant burden in the region and its relevance to global influenza circulation. In this review, influenza burden, transmission dynamics, and their determinants in the tropics are discussed. Environmental, cultural, and social conditions in the tropics are very diverse and often differ from those of temperate regions. Theories that account for and predict influenza dynamics in temperate regions do not fully explain influenza epidemic patterns observed in the tropics. Routine surveillance and household studies have been useful in understanding influenza dynamics in the tropics, but these studies have been limited to only some regions; there is still a lack of information regarding influenza burden and transmission dynamics in many tropical countries. Further studies in the tropics will provide useful insight on many questions that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Velasco-Hernández JX, Núñez-López M, Comas-García A, Cherpitel DEN, Ocampo MC. Superinfection between influenza and RSV alternating patterns in San Luis Potosí State, México. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115674. [PMID: 25803450 PMCID: PMC4372574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to explain through the ecological hypothesis superinfection and competitive interaction between two viral populations and niche (host) availability, the alternating patterns of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and influenza observed in a regional hospital in San Luis Potosí State, México using a mathematical model as a methodological tool. The data analyzed consists of community-based and hospital-based Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) consultations provided by health-care institutions reported to the State Health Service Epidemiology Department from 2003 through 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayra Núñez-López
- Departamento de Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas, DMAS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Cuajimalpa de Morelos, 05300, México, D.F., México
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreu Comas-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ernesto Noyola Cherpitel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza 2405, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Marcos Capistrán Ocampo
- Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas A.C., Jalisco S/N, Col. Valenciana, 36240, Guanajuato, Gto., México
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Dawood FS, Iuliano AD, Reed C, Meltzer MI, Shay DK, Cheng PY, Bandaranayake D, Breiman RF, Brooks WA, Buchy P, Feikin DR, Fowler KB, Gordon A, Hien NT, Horby P, Huang QS, Katz MA, Krishnan A, Lal R, Montgomery JM, Mølbak K, Pebody R, Presanis AM, Razuri H, Steens A, Tinoco YO, Wallinga J, Yu H, Vong S, Bresee J, Widdowson MA. Estimated global mortality associated with the first 12 months of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus circulation: a modelling study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2012; 12:687-95. [PMID: 22738893 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(12)70121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 815] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18,500 laboratory-confirmed deaths caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 were reported worldwide for the period April, 2009, to August, 2010. This number is likely to be only a fraction of the true number of the deaths associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1. We aimed to estimate the global number of deaths during the first 12 months of virus circulation in each country. METHODS We calculated crude respiratory mortality rates associated with the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 strain by age (0-17 years, 18-64 years, and >64 years) using the cumulative (12 months) virus-associated symptomatic attack rates from 12 countries and symptomatic case fatality ratios (sCFR) from five high-income countries. To adjust crude mortality rates for differences between countries in risk of death from influenza, we developed a respiratory mortality multiplier equal to the ratio of the median lower respiratory tract infection mortality rate in each WHO region mortality stratum to the median in countries with very low mortality. We calculated cardiovascular disease mortality rates associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 infection with the ratio of excess deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases during the pandemic in five countries and multiplied these values by the crude respiratory disease mortality rate associated with the virus. Respiratory and cardiovascular mortality rates associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 were multiplied by age to calculate the number of associated deaths. FINDINGS We estimate that globally there were 201,200 respiratory deaths (range 105,700-395,600) with an additional 83,300 cardiovascular deaths (46,000-179,900) associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1. 80% of the respiratory and cardiovascular deaths were in people younger than 65 years and 51% occurred in southeast Asia and Africa. INTERPRETATION Our estimate of respiratory and cardiovascular mortality associated with the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 was 15 times higher than reported laboratory-confirmed deaths. Although no estimates of sCFRs were available from Africa and southeast Asia, a disproportionate number of estimated pandemic deaths might have occurred in these regions. Therefore, efforts to prevent influenza need to effectively target these regions in future pandemics. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah S Dawood
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Attributable deaths due to influenza: a comparative study of seasonal and pandemic influenza. Eur J Epidemiol 2012; 27:567-75. [PMID: 22678614 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-012-9701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza epidemics lead to an increase in hospitalizations and deaths. Up to now the overall impact of attributable deaths due to seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses in Austria has not been investigated in detail. Therefore we compared the number and age distribution of influenza associated deaths during ten influenza epidemic seasons to those observed during the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009 season. A Poisson model, relating age and daily deaths to week of influenza season using national mortality and viral surveillance data adjusted for the confounding effect of co-circulating Respiratory Syncytial Virus was used. We estimated an average of 316 influenza associated deaths per seasonal influenza epidemic (1999/2000-2008/2009) and 264 for the pandemic influenza season 2009/2010 in the area of Vienna, Austria. Comparing the mortality data for seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses in different age groups revealed a statistically significant increase in mortality for pandemic A(H1N1)2009 influenza virus in the age groups below 34 years of age and a significant decrease in mortality in those above 55 years. Our data adjusted for co-circulating RSV confirm the different mortality pattern of seasonal and pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus in different age groups.
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Charu V, Chowell G, Palacio Mejia LS, Echevarría-Zuno S, Borja-Aburto VH, Simonsen L, Miller MA, Viboud C. Mortality burden of the A/H1N1 pandemic in Mexico: a comparison of deaths and years of life lost to seasonal influenza. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53:985-93. [PMID: 21976464 PMCID: PMC3202315 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality burden of the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic remains controversial, in part because of delays in reporting of vital statistics that are traditionally used to measure influenza-related excess mortality. Here, we compare excess mortality rates and years of life lost (YLL) for pandemic and seasonal influenza in Mexico and evaluate laboratory-confirmed death reports. METHODS Monthly age- and cause-specific death rates from January 2000 through April 2010 and population-based surveillance of influenza virus activity were used to estimate excess mortality and YLL in Mexico. Age-stratified laboratory-confirmed A/H1N1 death reports were obtained from an active surveillance system covering 40% of the population. RESULTS The A/H1N1 pandemic was associated with 11.1 excess all-cause deaths per 100,000 population and 445,000 YLL during the 3 waves of virus activity in Mexico, April-December 2009. The pandemic mortality burden was 0.6-2.6 times that of a typical influenza season and lower than that of the severe 2003-2004 influenza epidemic. Individuals aged 5-19 and 20-59 years were disproportionately affected relative to their experience with seasonal influenza. Laboratory-confirmed deaths captured 1 of 7 pandemic excess deaths overall but only 1 of 41 deaths in persons >60 years of age in 2009. A recrudescence of excess mortality was observed in older persons during winter 2010, in a period when influenza and respiratory syncytial virus cocirculated. CONCLUSIONS Mexico experienced higher 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic mortality burden than other countries for which estimates are available. Further analyses of detailed vital statistics are required to assess geographical variation in the mortality patterns of this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Charu
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gerardo Chowell
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe
| | - Lina Sofia Palacio Mejia
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Información para Decisiones en Salud Pública, Cuernavaca
| | | | - Víctor H. Borja-Aburto
- Coordinación de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Apoyo en Contingencias, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, México
| | - Lone Simonsen
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, D.C
| | - Mark A. Miller
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cécile Viboud
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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