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Drábová L, Pulkrabová J, Hrbek V, Kocourek V, Hajšlová J. POPs and PAHs in fish oil-based food supplements at the Czech market. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2023; 16:197-208. [PMID: 37055876 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2200374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess concentrations of three groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 44 fish oil-based food supplements, to estimate their daily intake by consumers and, to evaluate the compliance of the oil samples with the oil origin declarations (cod liver oil or fish oil). The concentrations of ∑PCBs (7 congeners), OCPs (19 compounds, represented mainly by ∑DDTs), ∑PBDEs (10 congeners), and ∑PAHs (16 compounds) found in samples ranged between 0.15-55.7 µg kg-1, 0.93-72.8 µg kg-1, 0.28-27.5 µg kg-1, and 0.32-51.9 µg kg-1, respectively. Besides, the authenticity of the oils was assessed based on the fingerprints obtained by DART-HRMS, an ambient mass spectrometry technique. Four samples declared as fish oil were probably prepared from cod liver oil, which is much cheaper. Furthermore, these samples contained elevated concentrations of halogenated POPs when compared to supplements produced from fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Drábová
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pulkrabová
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Hrbek
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kocourek
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Gebbink WA, van der Lee MK, Peters RJB, Traag WA, Dam GT, Hoogenboom RLAP, van Leeuwen SPJ. Brominated flame retardants in animal derived foods in the Netherlands between 2009 and 2014. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:171-178. [PMID: 31207422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) were monitored in various foods from terrestrial and aquatic animal origin (>850 samples), collected in the Netherlands between 2009 and 2014. The terrestrial samples included meat/fat from 7 animal species (including bovines, pigs, broilers and sheep), bovine milk and hen eggs. Dominant PBDE congeners in these samples were BDE-47, -99, -100, -153 and -183. The meat/fat generally contained the highest ∑PBDE concentrations compared to eggs and milk, with meat from deer, horse and sheep containing the highest concentrations. Generally declining ∑PBDE concentrations were observed between 2009 and 2014, however, this was only significant in pig meat and hen's eggs. The aquatic samples included fillets from 18 species (including herring, haddock and salmon), brown crab parts, shrimp and mussels, and the highest ∑PBDE concentrations were seen in body parts of brown crab, herring, mackerel, salmon and sea bass (on wet weight basis). Patterns generally contained more congeners (i.e., BDE-28, -49 and -66) additional to the aforementioned congeners found in terrestrial samples. Herring, sea bass and brown crab (body parts) contained among the highest PBDE concentrations. TBBPA was only detected in 3 individual samples (bovine and broiler meat and haddock), while α-HBCDD was the dominant diastereomer detected in several terrestrial and aquatic samples. When detected, TBBPA and HBCDD concentrations were generally in the same order as ∑PBDE concentrations in the same sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A Gebbink
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn K van der Lee
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud J B Peters
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim A Traag
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Ten Dam
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ron L A P Hoogenboom
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan P J van Leeuwen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Costa JG, Vidovic B, Saraiva N, do Céu Costa M, Del Favero G, Marko D, Oliveira NG, Fernandes AS. Contaminants: a dark side of food supplements? Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1113-1135. [PMID: 31500469 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1636045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Food supplements (FS) are often consumed as one of the strategies to fight ageing-associated pathologies, especially in the case of oxidative stress-related diseases. Despite the popularity of FS, some concerns about their quality and safety have been raised, especially regarding the presence of contaminants. This paper reviews and discusses the occurrence of contaminants in marketed samples of FS in the last two decades, considering both scientific literature and notifications registered on RASFF portal. The most relevant classes of contaminants were included namely metals, toxins, pesticides, dioxins and PCBs, as well as pharmacologically active ingredients. Variable amounts of contaminants were reported in a significant number of commercially available FS. Although the presence of contaminants does not necessarily mean that their levels exceed the regulatory limits or that the FS intake constitutes a risk to human health, it alerts for the need to further monitor FS safety. The evaluation of the risk associated to the consumption of FS, especially in the elderly population, is particularly challenging due to the frequent exposure to multiple toxicants and to different exposure sources, as well as due to possible pre-existing diseases and respective therapeutics. Therefore, improved quality control procedures and monitoring programs should be pursued in order to avoid undesirable products and assure the safety of FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Guilherme Costa
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bojana Vidovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Costa
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal.,ASAE/ONRE, National Observatory for Emerging Risks, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno G Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Fernandes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal.,ASAE/ONRE, National Observatory for Emerging Risks, Lisboa, Portugal
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Green determination of brominated flame retardants and organochloride pollutants in fish oils by vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 195:251-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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A global database of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant congeners in foods and supplements. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tsutsumi T, Takatsuki S, Teshima R, Matsuda R, Watanabe T, Akiyama H. Dioxin concentrations in dietary supplements containing animal oil on the Japanese market between 2007 and 2014. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:514-519. [PMID: 29059558 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We determined the concentrations of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls) in 46 dietary supplement products, containing the oil of fish, marine mammals, or egg yolk, on the Japanese market between 2007 and 2014. Dioxins were detected in 43 of the 46 products tested at concentrations from 0.00015 to 67 pg TEQ/g. The highest concentration of dioxins was found in a shark liver oil product which varied insignificantly in five batches collected over a two-year period. The dioxin intakes from these five batches reached 2.3-2.8 pg TEQ/kg bw/day, or 58%-70%, respectively, of the Japanese tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 4 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. However, the dioxin intakes from most of the other products tested were less than 5% of the TDI. Although rare, supplements based on animal oils may contain relatively high concentrations of dioxins, leading to a substantial increase in dioxin intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Tsutsumi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Takatsuki
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Reiko Teshima
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Rieko Matsuda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Watanabe
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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García-Bermejo Á, Herrero L, González MJ, Gómara B. Occurrence and Estimated Dietary Intake of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in Functional Foods Enriched with Omega-3 from Spain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3396-3405. [PMID: 28391684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) contents of six functional foods enriched with omega-3 were characterized. All the samples analyzed showed concentration levels below the maximal levels established by Regulation EC 1259/201120. PCB concentrations were higher than those of PCDD/Fs; oil supplements were the most contaminated samples [1.8 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lipid weight (lw)] followed by chicken eggs (1.3 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw), cow's milk (0.23 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw), biscuits (0.15 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw), soy milks (0.11 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw), and soy lecithin (0.049 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw). The most abundant non-dl-PCBs were PCBs 52 and 101 in cow's milk, soy products, and biscuits, while in chicken eggs and oil supplements, they were PCBs 153 and 138. PCBs 118 and 105 were the most frequent dl-PCBs in all samples. Only oil supplements presented quantifiable concentrations for almost all PCDD/Fs, OCDD and OCDF being the most abundant. The estimated daily intake was 2.7 pg of WHO-TEQ/day for chicken eggs, 0.91 pg of WHO-TEQ/day for cow's milk, 0.45 pg of WHO-TEQ/day for soy milks, and 0.44 pg of WHO-TEQ/day for biscuits. For oil supplements, it was more variable, but always higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel García-Bermejo
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José González
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Gómara
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Rizzo G, Baroni L. Health and ecological implications of fish consumption: A deeper insight. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-160054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rizzo
- Nutrition Ecology International Center (NEIC), Torino, Italy
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, U.L.S.S. No. 9, Treviso, Italy
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9
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Lv J, Yang X, Ma H, Hu X, Wei Y, Zhou W, Li L. The oxidative stability of microalgae oil (Schizochytrium aggregatum) and its antioxidant activity after simulated gastrointestinal digestion: Relationship with constituents. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Wanjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
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10
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Optimised total syntheses of the F-furan fatty acids F 5 and F 6 and some deuterated derivatives. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Lyche JL, Rosseland C, Berge G, Polder A. Human health risk associated with brominated flame-retardants (BFRs). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 74:170-80. [PMID: 25454234 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this review are to assess the human exposure and human and experimental evidence for adverse effects of brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) with specific focus on intake from seafood. The leakage of BFRs from consumer products leads to exposure of humans from fetal life to adulthood. Fish and fish products contain the highest levels of BFRs and dominate the dietary intake of frequent fish eaters in Europe, while meat, followed by seafood and dairy products accounted for the highest US dietary intake. House dust is also reported as an important source of exposure for children as well as adults. The levels of BFRs in the general North American populations are higher than those in Europe and Japan and the highest levels are detected in infants and toddlers. The daily intake via breast milk exceeds the RfD in 10% of US infants. BFRs including PBDEs, HBCDs and TBBP-A have induced endocrine-, reproductive- and behavior effects in laboratory animals. Furthermore, recent human epidemiological data demonstrated association between exposure to BFRs and similar adverse effects as observed in animal studies. Fish including farmed fish and crude fish oil for human consumption may contain substantial levels of BFRs and infants and toddlers consuming these products on a daily basis may exceed the tolerable daily intake suggesting that fish and fish oil alone represent a risk to human health. This intake comes in addition to exposure from other sources (breast milk, other food, house dust). Because potential harmful concentrations of BFRs and other toxicants occur in fish and fish products, research on a wider range of products is warranted, to assess health hazard related to the contamination of fish and fish products for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan L Lyche
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Gunnar Berge
- Pronova BioPharma AS, P.O. Box 420, NO-1327 Lysaker, Norway
| | - Anuschka Polder
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
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Tabbaa M, Golubic M, Roizen MF, Bernstein AM. Docosahexaenoic acid, inflammation, and bacterial dysbiosis in relation to periodontal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and the metabolic syndrome. Nutrients 2013; 5:3299-310. [PMID: 23966110 PMCID: PMC3775255 DOI: 10.3390/nu5083299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been used to treat a range of different conditions, including periodontal disease (PD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). That DHA helps with these oral and gastrointestinal diseases in which inflammation and bacterial dysbiosis play key roles, raises the question of whether DHA may assist in the prevention or treatment of other inflammatory conditions, such as the metabolic syndrome, which have also been linked with inflammation and alterations in normal host microbial populations. Here we review established and investigated associations between DHA, PD, and IBD. We conclude that by beneficially altering cytokine production and macrophage recruitment, the composition of intestinal microbiota and intestinal integrity, lipopolysaccharide- and adipose-induced inflammation, and insulin signaling, DHA may be a key tool in the prevention of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam M. Bernstein
- Cleveland Clinic, Wellness Institute, 1950 Richmond Road/TR2-203, Lyndhurst, OH 44124, USA; E-Mails: (M.T.); (M.G.); (M.F.R.)
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13
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Huangfu J, Liu J, Peng C, Suen YL, Wang M, Jiang Y, Chen ZY, Chen F. DHA-rich marine microalga Schizochytrium mangrovei possesses anti-ageing effects on Drosophila melanogaster. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ashley JT, Ward JS, Anderson CS, Schafer MW, Zaoudeh L, Horwitz RJ, Velinsky DJ. Children's daily exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls from dietary supplements containing fish oils. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:506-14. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.753161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Antelo LT, Lopes C, Franco-Uría A, Alonso AA. Fish discards management: pollution levels and best available removal techniques. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:1277-1290. [PMID: 22542692 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fish discards and by-catch issues are highly topical subjects that are permanently under a social focus. Two main approaches are being considered to address this discard problem: reducing the by-catch and increasing by-catch utilization. Interest in increased by-catch valorization may arise from a greater demand for fish products, such as the development of new markets for previously discarded species, the use of low-value specimens for aquaculture or the creation of value-added fish products for the food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries. However, contaminants present in fish discards may be transferred to their valorized products, leading to possible long-term bioaccumulation and subsequent adverse health effects. In this valorization framework, the aim is to promote responsible and sustainable management of marine resources. The pollutant levels in catches from European fisheries and the best available decontamination techniques for marine valorized discards/by-products are compiled and analyzed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis T Antelo
- Process Engineering Group, Marine Research Institute IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
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16
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Bernstein AM, Ding EL, Willett WC, Rimm EB. A meta-analysis shows that docosahexaenoic acid from algal oil reduces serum triglycerides and increases HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in persons without coronary heart disease. J Nutr 2012; 142:99-104. [PMID: 22113870 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.148973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain algae contain the (n-3) fatty acid DHA, yet the relation between algal oil supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk factors has not been systematically examined. Our objective was to examine the relation between algal oil supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk factors. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials published between 1996 and 2011 examining the relation between algal oil supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk factors and performed a meta-analysis of the association between algal oil DHA supplementation and changes in the concentrations of TG, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). We identified 11 randomized controlled trials with 485 healthy participants that evaluated the relation between algal oil DHA supplementation and TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. The median dose of algal DHA was 1.68 g/d. The pooled estimate for the change in TG concentration was -0.20 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.27 to -0.14), 0.23 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.16-0.30) for LDL-C, and 0.07 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.05-0.10) for HDL-C. DHA supplementation from algal oil, a marine source of (n-3) fatty acids not extracted from fish, may reduce serum TG and increase HDL-C and LDL-C in persons without coronary heart disease.
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist activity of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements: Implications for daily intake of dioxins and PCBs. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3093-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Ashley J, Ward J, Schafer M, Stapleton H, Velinsky D. Evaluating daily exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish oil supplements. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:1177-85. [DOI: 10.1080/19440041003793298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Martí M, Ortiz X, Gasser M, Martí R, Montaña MJ, Díaz-Ferrero J. Persistent organic pollutants (PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs, marker PCBs, and PBDEs) in health supplements on the Spanish market. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:1256-1262. [PMID: 20092867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During the last years, consumption of health supplements has increased in our society. They are recommended as an additional source of minerals, vitamins, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, in the diet. A lot of these supplements contain oils among their components (fish oils or vegetable oils), especially those recommended for their omega-3 content. Due to their persistence and lipophilic characteristics, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), marker PCBs, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) bioaccumulate in fat tissues, especially in those animals, as fish, which show low metabolic capability. Therefore, the consumption of nutritional supplements with oil components can increase the intake of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through the diet. The aim of this study was to analyse 15 of these supplements commercialized in Spain to determinate their POPs concentrations and their intake for their consumers. Concentrations of POPs in the dietary supplements studied (PCDD/Fs: 0.04-2.4 pg TEQ g(-1); dl-PCBs: 0.01-12.1 pg TEQ g(-1); marker PCBs: 0.17-116 ng g(-1); and PBDEs: 0.07-18.2 ng g(-1)) were in the low-medium range of those reported in literature for other countries. Vegetable oil and mineral-based supplements showed concentrations of POPs clearly lower than those based on fish oil. Among these, those based on cod liver oil presented the highest concentrations detected in the study, exceeding the maximum levels established in European regulations for marine oils for human consumption. In general, the intake of POPs via the consumption of these supplements would be lower than the intake derived from fish consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martí
- Environmental Laboratory, Institut Químic de Sarrià (URL), Via Augusta 390, Barcelona, Spain
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