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Thu Hang N, Thi Thu Ha D, Hang Nga N, Van Phuong N. Deep eutectic solvent combined with soybean as an efficient approach to enhance the content of apigenin in the Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract. Food Chem 2024; 445:138793. [PMID: 38382256 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Our research aimed to cost-effectively enhance apigenin content in Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract using soybeans combined with a deep eutectic solvent. First, various deep eutectic solvents were investigated for the extraction of apigenin, followed by soybean treatment to increase aglycon levels. Combining single factor experiments with response surface methodology and optimization algorithms (genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization), the optimal conditions were also determined. The results revealed that choline chloride-propylene glycol emerged as the optimal solvent. The optimized treatment conditions involved a temperature of 54 °C, a time of 2 h, and the addition of 3 mL of soybean extract, yielding an apigenin content of 3.380 ± 0.031 mg/g - a remarkable eightfold increase compared to the initial extract. The computational study suggested that the deep eutectic solvent may play an important role in stabilizing β-glucosidase in soybeans. However, further research is needed to scale up and fully elucidate soybean's mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thu Hang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine and Pharmacognosy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 11000, Viet Nam.
| | - Dau Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine and Pharmacognosy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 11000, Viet Nam.
| | - Ngo Hang Nga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine and Pharmacognosy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 11000, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Van Phuong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine and Pharmacognosy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 11000, Viet Nam.
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2
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Ishizaki A, Miura A, Kataoka H. Determination of Luteolin and Apigenin in Herbal Teas by Online In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with LC-MS/MS. Foods 2024; 13:1687. [PMID: 38890915 PMCID: PMC11172017 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal teas have attracted attention as functional beverages containing luteolin and apigenin, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive online automated method to determine these flavones' contents in herbal teas using in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These compounds were extracted and concentrated by IT-SPME using a Supel Q PLOT capillary column and then separated and detected within 6 min using a CAPCELL PAK C18 MG III analytical column and a negative electrospray ionization-mode multiple-reaction monitoring system by LC-MS/MS. The detection limits (S/N = 3) for luteolin and apigenin were 0.4 and 0.8 pg mL-1, respectively, and the calibration curves were linear in the range of 2-2000 pg mL-1 with correlation coefficients above 0.9995, and intra-day and inter-day precisions with relative standard deviations below 2.9 and 3.6% (n = 6), respectively. The luteolin and apigenin in herbal tea were quantified using IT-SPME/LC-MS/MS following the acid hydrolysis of their glycosides. Among the 10 herbal teas tested, luteolin was detected in peppermint and sage at concentrations of 375 and 99 µg mL-1, respectively, while apigenin was detected in German chamomile at 110 µg mL-1, which were higher than in the other herbal teas. The method is expected to be a useful method for evaluating the efficacy of luteolin and apigenin in herbal teas as functional beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroyuki Kataoka
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan; (A.I.)
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3
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Demircan C, Aydin E, Ozkan G, Ozcelik MM. Sugar-free functional sweet basil drink: ultrasound-assisted extraction, process optimization, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023; 17:4530-4540. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
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4
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Chen P, Chen F, Guo Z, Lei J, Zhou B. Recent advancement in bioeffect, metabolism, stability, and delivery systems of apigenin, a natural flavonoid compound: challenges and perspectives. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1221227. [PMID: 37565039 PMCID: PMC10410563 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1221227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a bioflavonoid compound that is widely present in dietary plant foods and possesses biological activities that protect against immune, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Therefore, apigenin is widely used in food and medicine, and increasing attention has been drawn to developing new delivery systems for apigenin. This review highlights the biological effects, metabolism, stability, and bioactivity of apigenin. In addition, we summarized advancements in the delivery of apigenin, which provides some references for its widespread use in food and medicine. Better stability of apigenin may enhance digestion and absorption and provide health benefits. Constructing delivery systems (such as emulsions, nanostructured lipid carriers, hydrogels, and liposomes) for apigenin is an effective strategy to improve its bioavailability, but more animal and cell experiments are needed to verify these findings. Developing apigenin delivery systems for food commercialization is still challenging, and further research is needed to promote their in-depth development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fuchao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - ZhiLei Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiexin Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Adenosine cyclic phosphate with ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction alleviated allergic reactions in RBL-2H3 through inhibiting the influx of intracellular Ca2+. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Le Guillard C, Bergé JP, Donnay-Moreno C, Cornet J, Ragon JY, Fleurence J, Dumay J. Optimization of R-Phycoerythrin Extraction by Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A Comprehensive Study on the Wet Seaweed Grateloupia turuturu. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040213. [PMID: 37103353 PMCID: PMC10146196 DOI: 10.3390/md21040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) are both recognized as sustainable processes, but little has been done on the combined process known as ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (UAEH), and even less on seaweed. The present study aimed to optimize the UAEH of the red seaweed Grateloupia turuturu for the extraction of R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) directly from the wet biomass by applying a response surface methodology based on a central composite design. Three parameters were studied: the power of ultrasound, the temperature and the flow rate in the experimental system. Data analysis demonstrated that only the temperature had a significant and negative effect on the R-PE extraction yield. Under the optimized conditions, the R-PE kinetic yield reached a plateau between 90 and 210 min, with a yield of 4.28 ± 0.09 mg·g−1 dry weight (dw) at 180 min, corresponding to a yield 2.3 times higher than with the conventional phosphate buffer extraction on freeze-dried G. turuturu. Furthermore, the increased release of R-PE, carbohydrates, carbon and nitrogen can be associated with the degradation of G. turuturu constitutive polysaccharides, as their average molecular weights had been divided by 2.2 in 210 min. Our results thus demonstrated that an optimized UAEH is an efficient method to extract R-PE from wet G. turuturu without the need for expensive pre-treatment steps found in the conventional extraction. UAEH represents a promising and sustainable approach that should be investigated on biomasses where the recovery of added-value compounds needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Le Guillard
- IFREMER Centre Ifremer Atlantique, EM3B, BP 21105, CEDEX 03, 44311 Nantes, France
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMER, Nantes Université, UR 2160, 44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: or (C.L.G.); (J.D.)
| | | | - Claire Donnay-Moreno
- IFREMER Centre Ifremer Atlantique, EM3B, BP 21105, CEDEX 03, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Josiane Cornet
- IFREMER Centre Ifremer Atlantique, EM3B, BP 21105, CEDEX 03, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Ragon
- IFREMER Centre Ifremer Atlantique, EM3B, BP 21105, CEDEX 03, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Joël Fleurence
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMER, Nantes Université, UR 2160, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Justine Dumay
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMER, Nantes Université, UR 2160, 44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: or (C.L.G.); (J.D.)
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Benarous L, Benarous K, Muhammad G, Ali Z. Deep learning application detecting SARS-CoV-2 key enzymes inhibitors. CLUSTER COMPUTING 2023; 26:1169-1180. [PMID: 35874186 PMCID: PMC9295888 DOI: 10.1007/s10586-022-03656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The fast spread of the COVID-19 over the world pressured scientists to find its cures. Especially, with the disastrous results, it engendered from human life losses to long-term impacts on infected people's health and the huge financial losses. In addition to the massive efforts made by researchers and medicals on finding safe, smart, fast, and efficient methods to accurately make an early diagnosis of the COVID-19. Some researchers focused on finding drugs to treat the disease and its symptoms, others worked on creating effective vaccines, while several concentrated on finding inhibitors for the key enzymes of the virus, to reduce its spreading and reproduction inside the human body. These enzymes' inhibitors are usually found in aliments, plants, fungi, or even in some drugs. Since these inhibitors slow and halt the replication of the virus in the human body, they can help fight it at an early stage saving the patient from death risk. Moreover, if the human body's immune system gets rid of the virus at the early stage it can be spared from the disastrous sequels it may leave inside the patient's body. Our research aims to find aliments and plants that are rich in these inhibitors. In this paper, we developed a deep learning application that is trained with various aliments, plants, and drugs to detect if a component contains SARS-CoV-2 key inhibitor(s) intending to help them find more sources containing these inhibitors. The application is trained to identify various sources rich in thirteen coronavirus-2 key inhibitors. The sources are currently just aliments, plants, and seeds and the identification is done by their names.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Benarous
- LIM Laboratory (Laboratoire d’informatique Et de Mathématique), Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
- LISSI-Tinc-NET Laboratory, University of Paris-Est Creteil, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Khedidja Benarous
- Science Fundamental Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Ghulam Muhammad
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11543 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
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8
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Li Z, Zhou J, Ji L, Liang Y, Xie S. Recent Advances in the Pharmacological Actions of Apigenin, Its Complexes, and Its Derivatives. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lianru Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingye Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqu Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Lim SB. Organic Acid-Catalyzed Subcritical Water Hydrolysis of Immature Citrus unshiu Pomace. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010018. [PMID: 35010143 PMCID: PMC8750635 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immature Citrus unshiu pomace (ICUP) was hydrolyzed under organic acid-catalyzed, subcritical water (SW) conditions to produce flavonoid monoglucosides (hesperetin-7-O-glycoside and prunin) and aglycons (hesperetin and naringenin) with high biological activities. The results of single-factor experiments showed that with 8 h of hydrolysis and an increasing citric acid concentration, the yield of flavonoid monoglucosides (hesperetin-7-O-glycoside and prunin) increased from 0 to 7% citric acid. Afterward, the hesperetin-7-O-glycoside yield remained constant (from 7 to 19% citric acid) while the pruning yield decreased with 19% of citric acid, whereas the aglycon yield increased continuously. In response surface methodology analysis, a citric acid concentration and hydrolysis duration of 13.34% and 7.94 h were predicted to produce the highest monoglucoside yield of 15.41 mg/g, while 18.48% citric acid and a 9.65 h hydrolysis duration produced the highest aglycon yield of 10.00 mg/g. The inhibitory activities of the SW hydrolysates against pancreatic lipase (PL) and xanthine oxidase (XO) were greatly affected by citric acid concentration and hydrolysis duration, respectively. PL and α-glucosidase inhibition rates of 88.2% and 62.7%, respectively, were achieved with 18.48% citric acid and an 8 h hydrolysis duration, compared to 72.8% for XO with 16% citric acid and 12 h of hydrolysis. This study confirms the potential of citric acid-catalyzed SW hydrolysis of ICUP for producing flavonoid monoglucosides and aglycons with enhanced enzyme inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bin Lim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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10
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Jittapalapong S, Poompoung T, Sutjarit S. Apigenin induces oxidative stress in mouse Sertoli TM4 cells. Vet World 2021; 14:3132-3137. [PMID: 35153403 PMCID: PMC8829396 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.3132-3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Apigenin (API) is an estrogenic compound found in many plants. Sertoli cells reside in the testis and are a key target of environmental toxicants. This study aimed to examine the cytotoxicity, especially oxidative stress of API in mouse Sertoli TM4 cells. Materials and Methods: Mouse Sertoli TM4 cells were treated with 50 and 100 μM API for 48 h. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, glutathione reductase (GR) activities, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated using various assays. Results: Treatment with API at both 50 and 100 μM decreased viability and GR activity but increased LDH activity, ROS production, and MDA levels in mouse Sertoli TM4 cells. Conclusion: Exposure to API induced oxidative stress in mouse Sertoli TM4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathaporn Jittapalapong
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Thapanee Poompoung
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Samak Sutjarit
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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11
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Elarabi NI, Abdelhadi AA, Sief-Eldein AGM, Ismail IA, Abdallah NA. Overexpression of chalcone isomerase A gene in Astragalus trigonus for stimulating apigenin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24176. [PMID: 34921216 PMCID: PMC8683443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is one of the most studied flavonoids and is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Apigenin exerts important antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor activities, and anti-inflammatory effects in neurological or cardiovascular disease. Chalcone isomerase A (chiA) is an important enzyme of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In order to enhance the apigenin production, the petunia chi A gene was transformed for Astragalus trigonus. Bialaphos survived plants were screened by PCR, dot blot hybridization and RT-PCR analysis. Also, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, chitosan and yeast extract were tested to evaluate their capacity to work as elicitors for apigenin. Results showed that yeast extract was the best elicitor for induction of apigenin with an increase of 3.458 and 3.9 fold of the control for calli and cell suspension culture, respectively. Transformed cell suspension showed high apigenin content with a 20.17 fold increase compared to the control and 6.88 fold more than the yeast extract treatment. While, transformed T1 calli derived expressing chiA gene produced apigenin 4.2 fold more than the yeast extract treatment. It can be concluded that the highest accumulation of apigenin was obtained with chiA transgenic cell suspension system and it can be utilized to enhancement apigenin production in Astragalus trigonus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa I Elarabi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- National Biotechnology Network of Expertise, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelhadi A Abdelhadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- National Biotechnology Network of Expertise, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G M Sief-Eldein
- Tissue Culture Unit, Ecology and Dry Land Agriculture Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), 11753 El-matarya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ismail A Ismail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa A Abdallah
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
- National Biotechnology Network of Expertise, Cairo, Egypt.
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12
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Yun C, Wang S, Gao Y, Zhao Z, Miao N, Shi Y, Ri I, Wang W, Wang H. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic pretreatment for enhanced extraction of baicalein and wogonin from Scutellaria baicalensis roots. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1188:123077. [PMID: 34894479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
It is of great theoretical interest and industrial significance to improve the extraction efficiency of baicalein and wogonin from Scutellaria baicalensis roots because of their high pharmacological activities. The present study was aimed to establish the optimized ultrasound-assisted enzymatic pretreatment (UAEP) process by which ultrasound irradiation and the exogenous enzyme were simultaneously applied to efficiently transform baicalin and wogonoside into baicalein and wogonin, enhancing their extraction efficiency. Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design were used to optimize the main UAEP conditions to maximize the total extraction yield of baicalein and wogonin. The optimized UAEP conditions were cellulase concentration of 1.1%, pH of 5.5, UAEP temperature of 56.5 °C, UAEP time of 39.4 min, and ultrasonic power of 200 W with the total extraction yield of 82.51 ± 0.85 mg/g DW. The comparison of the established technique with the reference method based on the enzymatic pretreatment revealed that the productive efficiency was significantly improved with the transformation rates nearly doubled. These results suggest that the optimized UAEP process has the potential to be applied for the green, simple, and efficient extraction of baicalein and wogonin in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholil Yun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Forest Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang 999093, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Shengfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhuowen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Na Miao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yutong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ilbong Ri
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang 999093, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Huimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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13
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Das S, Nadar SS, Rathod VK. Integrated strategies for enzyme assisted extraction of bioactive molecules: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:899-917. [PMID: 34534588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods of extracting bioactive molecules are gradually losing pace due to their numerous disadvantages, such as product degradation, lower efficiency, and toxicity. Thus, in light of the rising demand for these bioactive, enzymes have garnered much attention for their efficiency in extraction. However, enzyme-assisted extraction is also plagued with a high capital cost that cannot justify the extraction yields obtained. In order to mitigate these problems, enzyme-assisted extraction can be consorted with non-conventional methods. This review includes current progress concerning the combined approaches while converging the recent advancements in the field that outperformed conventional extraction processes. It also highlights the design of biocatalyst and key parameters involved in the effective extraction of bioactive molecules. An integrated approach for efficiently extracting polyphenols, essential oils, pigments, and vitamins has been comprehensively reviewed. Furthermore, the different immobilization strategies have been discussed for large-scale implementation of enzymes for extraction. The integration of advanced non-conventional methods with enzyme-assisted extraction will open new avenues to enhance the overall extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srija Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E) Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Shamraja S Nadar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E) Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E) Mumbai 400019, India.
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14
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Optimisation of an Aglycone-Enhanced Celery Extract with Germinated Soy Supplementation Using Response Surface Methodology. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102505. [PMID: 34681554 PMCID: PMC8535585 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the extraction conditions of bioactive aglycones from a celery extract supplemented with germinated soy were optimised by a response surface methodology. For subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis to enhance the apigenin content, increased production of its precursor apigetrin was firstly achieved through acidic extraction at optimal conditions, involving water at pH 1, at 75 °C for 2 h. Subsequently, a central composite design was conducted to analyse the pH (3–11) and temperature (25–35 °C) effects on the aglycone levels (apigenin, daidzein and genistein). The optimal extraction conditions were pH 7.02 and 29.99 °C, which resulted in a 40-fold increase in apigenin. The novel and cost-effective application of germinated soy β-glucosidase for the conversion of aglycones in non-soy foods is demonstrated. The enhanced bioactivities of aglycones may suggest potential applications for similar formulations as functional food ingredients.
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15
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Liu J, Cheng C, Zhang Z, Yang S, Zhang X. Optimization of celery leaf tea processing and the volatile components analysis. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Liu
- College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao City China
| | - Chenxia Cheng
- College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao City China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao City China
| | - Shaolan Yang
- College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao City China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao City China
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16
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Song J, Dongqi S, Hang S, Yongxia F, Wei T. Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides using response surface methodology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2020-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUltrasonic extraction was a new development method to achieve high-efficiency extraction of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides instead of hot water extraction. In this paper, the single factor method combined with the box Behnken design of response surface method was used to study the influence of extraction time, extraction temperature, material liquid ratio and ultrasonic power on the extraction rate of L. barbarum polysaccharide. The results indicated that the best extraction rate of L. barbarum polysaccharide was 12.54 ± 0.12% under the conditions of 80 min for extraction time, 73 °C for extraction temperature, 1 g:38 mL for material to liquid ratio, and 185 W for ultrasonic power. Under the same operating conditions, the yield of L. barbarum polysaccharide using ultrasonic extraction was 83.3%, which was higher than that hot water extraction. Moreover, the extraction time of ultrasonic extraction was only 47% of that using hot water extraction. This suggested that there was great potentials of using ultrasonic extraction in the realization of high-efficiency extraction of L. barbarum polysaccharide. The results of this study could also provide a theoretical basis for the coupling of ultrasonic extraction and ultrasonic concentration process to develop the integrated equipment of both ultrasonic extraction and ultrasonic concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitian Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-line Monitoring for Light Industry & Food Machinery and Equipment, College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300222, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Low-Carbon Green Process Equipment, 300222, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi Dongqi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-line Monitoring for Light Industry & Food Machinery and Equipment, College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300222, Tianjin, China
| | - Su Hang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-line Monitoring for Light Industry & Food Machinery and Equipment, College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300222, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Yongxia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-line Monitoring for Light Industry & Food Machinery and Equipment, College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300222, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-line Monitoring for Light Industry & Food Machinery and Equipment, College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300222, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Low-Carbon Green Process Equipment, 300222, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of plant constituents called phenolic compounds and correspond to the nonenergy part of the human diet. Flavonoids are found in vegetables, seeds, fruits, and beverages such as wine and beer. Over 7000 flavonoids have been identified and they have been considered substances with a beneficial action on human health, particularly of multiple positive effects because of their antioxidant and free radical scavenging action. Although several studies indicate that some flavonoids have provident actions, they occur only at high doses, confirming in most investigations the existence of anti-inflammatory effects, antiviral or anti-allergic, and their protective role against cardiovascular disease, cancer, and various pathologies. Flavonoids are generally removed by chemical methods using solvents and traditional processes, which besides being expensive, involve long periods of time and affect the bioactivity of such compounds. Recently, efforts to develop biotechnological strategies to reduce or eliminate the use of toxic solvents have been reported, reducing processing time and maintaining the bioactivity of the compounds. In this paper, we review, analyze, and discuss methodologies for biotechnological recovery/extraction of flavonoids from agro-industrial residues, describing the advances and challenges in the topic.
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Mohamed WR, Kotb AS, Abd El-Raouf OM, Mohammad Fikry E. Apigenin alleviated acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in low protein-fed rats: Targeting oxidative stress, STAT3, and apoptosis signals. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22472. [PMID: 32048452 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin (API) is a natural flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of protein malnutrition (PMN) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, together with the protective effects of API, in male Wistar albino rats. In total, 64 male rats were divided into eight groups. Silymarin (SIL) (100 mg/kg, PO) as a reference standard and API (50 mg/kg, PO) were given to normal and APAP-induced hepatic injury in low protein-fed rats. The present results revealed that PMN significantly potentiated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Interestingly, the administration of SIL and API alleviated the induced damage, as revealed by reduced serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities along with a significant improvement of the histopathological damage. API suppressed inflammatory response by reducing the interleukin-1β level and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expressions along with attenuating oxidative stress as shown by a significant reduction in liver contents of malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate as well as restoration of hepatic content of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity. API also counteracted apoptosis through downregulation of caspase-3 expression level. In conclusion, PMN greatly potentiated the hepatotoxic effects of APAP, and API produced a multimechanistic hepatoprotective activity that can be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Amr S Kotb
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ola M Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal Mohammad Fikry
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
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19
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Cho BO, Che DN, Shin JY, Kang HJ, Kim JH, Jang SI. Anti-obesity effects of enzyme-treated celery extract in mice fed with high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13105. [PMID: 31788817 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrated the anti-obesity effects of enzyme-treated celery extract (ECE) in mice on high-fat diet (HFD). In vitro studies showed that ECE has anti-adipogenic properties by inhibiting lipid accumulations in adipose cells. In vivo studies indicated that the administration of ECE markedly prevented HFD-induced body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and epididymal fat and liver weights. ECE reduced lipid parameters, cardiac risk factor, and atherogenic index in obese mice. ECE prevented a diabetes state by improving adipokines levels, reducing glucose levels, and preventing insulin resistance. Moreover, ECE prevented HFD-induced liver damage by preventing hepatic steatosis and upregulation of liver antioxidant enzymes. The mechanism of ECE was partially investigated to involve the activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and hence the downregulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ by ECE. Our results suggest that ECE could be used as functional food materials for the prevention of obesity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Apium graveolens is a popular plant with nutritive and medicinal benefits. It contains bioactive compounds such as apiin, apigenin, and luteolin. However, these compounds are rendered insoluble due to their interaction with polysaccharides in the cell wall thus making them less bioavailable. Hydrolyzing them could increase the yield of bioactive compounds in celery. This pilot study demonstrates that pectinase-treated celery extract has anti-obesity effects. The results of this research demonstrate the use of enzymes in improving the biological activities of plant extracts and suggest the use of enzyme-assisted extraction techniques in the industrial production of health functional food from celery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Ok Cho
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis Nchang Che
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Shin
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kang
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Ho Kim
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Il Jang
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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20
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Apium Plants: Beyond Simple Food and Phytopharmacological Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9173547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apium plants belong to the Apiaceae family and are included among plants that have been in use in traditional medicine for thousands of years worldwide, including in the Mediterranean, as well as the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. Some highlighted medical benefits include prevention of coronary and vascular diseases. Their phytochemical constituents consist of bergapten, flavonoids, glycosides, furanocoumarins, furocoumarin, limonene, psoralen, xanthotoxin, and selinene. Some of their pharmacological properties include anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, nematocidal, anti-rheumatism, antiasthma, anti-bronchitis, hepatoprotective, appetizer, anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, breast milk inducer, anti-jaundice, antihypertensive, anti-dysmenorrhea, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and spermatogenesis induction. The present review summarizes data on ecology, botany, cultivation, habitat, medicinal use, phytochemical composition, preclinical and clinical pharmacological efficacy of Apium plants and provides future direction on how to take full advantage of Apium plants for the optimal benefit to mankind.
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Manzoor MF, Ahmad N, Ahmed Z, Siddique R, Zeng XA, Rahaman A, Muhammad Aadil R, Wahab A. Novel extraction techniques and pharmaceutical activities of luteolin and its derivatives. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12974. [PMID: 31489656 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a 3', 4', 5, 7 tetra hydroxyl flavonoid that exits in many plants, fruits, and vegetable. Many methods of extraction, isolation, and purification are being used, and therapeutic properties are being under discussion due to its valuable role in nutrition and human health. In this review, we have summarized conventional and novel extraction techniques from most recent research on luteolin, its derivatives, and its biological activities. Maceration, soxhlet, reflux, hydrodistillation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound microwave-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and high-speed counter-current chromatography extraction techniques are being used for isolation and purification of these phytochemicals. The anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, antiviral, heart protective, neurological impairments protection, anti-aging, and whiting properties have been discussed in this review. The literature suggests luteolin and its derivative has many promising health benefits and its therapeutic activity is strongly associated with isolating and purifying solvents and extraction techniques. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review aims to highlight the sources, novel extraction techniques, and pharmaceutical properties of luteolin. This review provides enough knowledge about how to get maximum extraction yield of luteolin using the novel extraction techniques. Because its therapeutic activity is strongly associated with isolating and purifying solvents and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Rabia Siddique
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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22
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Wang F, Zhou RJ, Zhao X, Ye H, Xie ML. Apigenin inhibits ethanol-induced oxidative stress and LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production in cultured rat hepatocytes. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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23
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Wang F, Liu JC, Zhou RJ, Zhao X, Liu M, Ye H, Xie ML. Apigenin protects against alcohol-induced liver injury in mice by regulating hepatic CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress and PPARα-mediated lipogenic gene expression. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 275:171-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Sheng Z, Wang B, Zhao J, Yu W. Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction for Pinocembrin from Flos populi Using Response Surface Methodology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2016-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used for extraction of pinocembrin from Flos populi. Based on the results of the single-factor experiment, four independent parameters, including ethanol concentration (40–80 %), extraction temperature (50–70 °C), extraction time (25–45 min) and electrical acoustic intensity (40.8–81.5 W/m2) were further investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design. The experimental data were fitted to the quadratic response surface model using multiple regression analysis with high adjusted determination coefficient value (R
2) of 0.9697. The highest yield (134.2 ± 1.53 mg/g) of pinocembrin was obtained under the optimal conditions (ethanol concentration of 68 %, extraction temperature of 69 °C, extraction time of 42 min and electrical acoustic intensity of 66.81 W/cm2), which agreed to the predicted value of 132.9 mg/g. Moreover, the comparison between the UAE and reflux extraction also showed the suitability of UAE for pinocembrin from Flos populi.
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25
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Zhou X, Wang F, Zhou R, Song X, Xie M. Apigenin: A current review on its beneficial biological activities. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Ruijun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Xiuming Song
- Lianyungang Runzhong Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd.; Lianyungang Jiangsu Province 222069 China
| | - Meilin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
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26
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Delgado-Povedano MDM, Priego-Capote F, Luque de Castro MD. Selective ultrasound-enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of oleuropein to its aglycon in olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extracts. Food Chem 2017; 220:282-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Jalili Safaryan M, Ganjloo A, Bimakr M, Zarringhalami S. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. Foods 2016; 5:foods5040078. [PMID: 28231174 PMCID: PMC5302440 DOI: 10.3390/foods5040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). The GPPP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties. The FT-IR spectrum demonstrated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. Furthermore, antioxidant activity of GPPP was evaluated by various antioxidant assays in vitro. The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jalili Safaryan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Ali Ganjloo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Mandana Bimakr
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Soheila Zarringhalami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
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Głowacki R, Furmaniak P, Kubalczyk P, Borowczyk K. Determination of Total Apigenin in Herbs by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography with UV Detection. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:3827832. [PMID: 27437159 PMCID: PMC4942635 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3827832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is a naturally occurring plant flavone that exhibits strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. A MEKC-UV based method was developed for the determination of total apigenin in selected herbs. Application of pseudostationary phase in the form of SDS micelles resulted in great repeatability of retention times and peak areas. A buffer solution consisting of 30 mmol/L sodium borate (pH 10.2), 10% acetonitrile, and 10 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate was found to be the most suitable BGE for the separation. The method was validated and calibrated for total apigenin in the range of 1.0-100 μmol/L (R (2) = 0.9994). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.48 μmol/L and 0.92 μmol/L, respectively. This precise and robust method was successfully applied to the analysis of plant samples for total apigenin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Głowacki
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 163 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Paulina Furmaniak
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 163 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł Kubalczyk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 163 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Kamila Borowczyk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 163 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
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Optimal Extraction of Gallic Acid fromSuaeda glaucaBge. Leaves and Enhanced Efficiency by Ionic Liquids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/5217802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was initially applied to extract gallic acid fromSuaeda glaucaBge. using 70% ethanol as extraction solvent. Temperature, liquid-solid ratio, and extraction time were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), obtaining maximum levels of gallic acid (6.30 mg·g−1) at 51°C, 19.52 mL·g−1, and 42.68 min, respectively. The obtained model was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The verification experiments at the optimum conditions yielded gallic acid for 6.21 mg·g−1. Subsequently, under optimal conditions, four ionic liquids were used to extract gallic acid fromSuaeda glaucaBge. The results indicated that the presence of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride allowed increasing the EE of gallic acid up to 8.90 mg·g−1. This might be interpreted in terms of the molecular interaction between ionic liquid and gallic acid. The use of ionic liquids involves a stronger gallic acid extraction capacity than conventional organic volatile solvents. A promising alternative process is proposed for the extraction of gallic acid ofSuaeda glaucaBge.
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30
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Wang J, Huang M, Hu H, Yu L, Zeng S. Pregnane X receptor-mediated transcriptional activation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 by natural constituents from foods and herbs. Food Chem 2014; 164:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Analysis of tetracyclines in chicken tissues and dung using LC–MS coupled with ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with antioxidant activity in vitro from the aerial root of Ficus microcarpa. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 110:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Wu H, Zhu J, Yang L, Wang R, Wang C. Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction of phenolics from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) inflorescences and evaluation of antioxidant activity in vitro. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2014; 21:306-19. [PMID: 24837595 DOI: 10.1177/1082013214536174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction technique was applied to extracting phenolics from broccoli inflorescences without organic solvents. The synergistic model of enzymolysis and ultrasonication simultaneously was selected, and the enzyme combination was optimized by orthogonal test: cellulase 7.5 mg/g FW (fresh weight), pectinase 10 mg/g FW, and papain 1.0 mg/g FW. The operating parameters in ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction were optimized with response surface methodology using Box-Behnken design. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ultrasonic power, 440 W; liquid to material ratio, 7.0:1 mL/g; pH value of 6.0 at 54.5 ℃ for 10 min. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of phenolics achieved 1.816 ± 0.0187 mg gallic acid equivalents/gram FW. The free radical scavenging activity of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction extracts was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl·assay with EC50 values of 0.25, and total antioxidant activity was determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay with ferric reducing antioxidant power value of 0.998 mmol FeSO4/g compared with the referential ascorbic acid of 1.184 mmol FeSO4/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Junxiang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Long Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Ran Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Chengrong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, PR China
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Bi W, Yoon CH, Row KH. ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED ENZYMATIC IONIC LIQUID-BASED EXTRACTION AND SEPARATION OF FLAVONOIDS FROM CHAMAECYPARIS OBTUSA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.706860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Bi
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Yoon
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
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