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Nacaratte F, Cuevas P, Becerra-Herrera M, Manzano CA. Early screening of suspected microplastics in bottled water in the Santiago Metropolitan Region of Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122118. [PMID: 37414125 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Bottled water has emerged as a possible healthier alternative due to concerns about the quality of drinking water sources. However, recent studies have detected worrying concentrations of environmental contaminants in bottled water, including microplastics. Therefore, it is an emerging need to quantify their concentrations in local suppliers which could differ among countries and regions. In this work, we used fluorescence microscopy with Nile Red for the identification and quantification of potential microplastics in twelve brands of bottled water distributed in the Santiago Metropolitan Region of Chile. The average concentration of microplastics was 391 ± 125 p L-1, while the highest concentration observed was 633 ± 33 p L-1. Microplastics between 5 and 20 μm were the major contributors, a size fraction that has been reported to be susceptible to accumulate in the digestive tract or generate potential alterations in the lymphatic and circulatory systems. The estimated daily intake value for per capita was estimated to be 229 p kg-1 year-1 for people weighing 65 kg and 198 p kg-1 year-1 for those weighing 75 kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallon Nacaratte
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, RM, Chile.
| | - Paula Cuevas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | | | - Carlos A Manzano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, RM, Chile; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Yıldırım İ, Koçan H. The pH of Drinking Water and Its Effect on the pH of Urine. Cureus 2023; 15:e47437. [PMID: 38022142 PMCID: PMC10659234 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim was to determine whether urine pH changed or not with different pH values of drinking water. With the results obtained from animal studies, comments can be made about the effect of water with different pH levels that people drink on kidney stones. METHOD A total of 24 Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups containing eight rats each: the first group was given water with pH 5.5, the second group was given water with pH 7 and the third group was given water with pH 8.2 in the same environment and conditions during 13 days. All rats consumed water in line with their natural feeding habits. All rats had urine pH measurements performed and recorded every day at the same time. The groups were later compared in terms of daily pH values. RESULTS When daily urine pH values were compared, there were statistically significant differences between pH measurements on the first, fourth and seventh day (p=0.02, p=0.017 and p=0.007, respectively). When first-day values are compared with post-hoc analyses, the urine pH in Group 2 was identified to be lower compared to Group 1 and Group 3 (p<0.001). When the fourth-day values were assessed, the urine pH of Group 2 was observed to be higher than Group 1 and Group 3 (p<0.001). On the seventh day, Group 3 had higher urine pH compared to the other groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The variation in drinking water pH does not directly change urine pH; however, it causes a change in the urine pH on different days.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlker Yıldırım
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ, TUR
| | - Hüseyin Koçan
- Urology, Health Sciences University, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, TUR
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3
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Al-Khatib IA, Al-Jabari M, Al-Oqaili M. Assessment of Bacteriological Quality and Physiochemical Parameters of Domestic Water Sources in Jenin Governorate: A Case Study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 2023:8000728. [PMID: 37470053 PMCID: PMC10353905 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Water quality of drinking water is a concern in Palestine due to possible pollution sources. There is a demand for investigating the quality of municipal water supply. This study aimed to assess the quality of domestic water in Jenin Governorate located in the north of the West Bank. The methodology of this research was based on field sampling and laboratory standard testing. The tested parameters included (1) physicochemical parameters of electrical conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, salinity, pH, and total alkalinity, (2) chemical contents including the contents of nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, chloride, sodium, potassium, aluminum, and fluoride, and (3) biological contents including total coliforms and fecal coliforms. The water quality parameters were compared with the acceptable limits set by local and international standards. The findings confirm that most of the values of the investigated parameters are within the acceptable standard limits. No pollution of heavy metals is detectable. On the other hand, there are limited pollution contents in terms of the total dissolved solid (TDS), total hardness, and calcium. Furthermore, the biological parameters indicate that there are low to very high risks in a fraction of the water quality samples in terms of total coliforms and fecal coliforms. This is believed to be due to the presence of septic tanks in the neighborhoods of the sampling locations. For these cases, biological disinfection treatments are recommended before human use with an essential need for the construction of urban sewer systems. Furthermore, water treatment for harness removal may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam A. Al-Khatib
- Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Birzeit University, Birzeit, State of Palestine
| | - Maher Al-Jabari
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, West Bank, State of Palestine
| | - Mahmoud Al-Oqaili
- Universal Institute of Applied and Health Research, Nablus, State of Palestine
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Santana-Mayor Á, Rodríguez-Ramos R, Herrera-Herrera AV, Socas-Rodríguez B, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Monitoring of the presence of plasticizers and effect of temperature and storage time in bottled water using a green liquid-liquid microextraction method. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112424. [PMID: 36737999 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a natural deep eutectic solvent was used for the liquid-liquid microextraction of fourteen phthalates and one adipate from bottled waters. The methodology was validated in terms of matrix effect, linearity, recovery, and limits of quantification (LOQs). Optimum extraction conditions (10 mL of water at pH 8.0 with 100 μL of thymol: menthol 2:1 (n/n) as solvent) provided satisfactory determination coefficients (≥ 0.9977), recovery values (82-127%), and LOQs (0.018-0.523 μg/L). The effects of temperature and storage time on plasticizer presence were studied for 36 different brands stored at 4 °C, room temperature, and 45 °C, and analyzed at 0, 24, 48, 72 h, and 1 week. Only diethyl-, dibutyl-, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates, and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate were detected. The results showed that there is no relationship between the storage conditions, the bottle material or water carbonation, and the occurrence of these plasticizers, suggesting that residues are introduced during production or by the water supply. The estimated daily intake was lower than the total daily intake set by the European Food Safety Authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Santana-Mayor
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ruth Rodríguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio V Herrera-Herrera
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 2, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Wilson AM, Victory KR, Reynolds KA, Cabrera NL, Larson D, Latura J, Sexton JD, Burgess JL, Beamer PI. Measured and Modeled Comparisons of Chemical and Microbial Contaminants in Tap and Bottled Water in a US-Mexico Border Community. ACS ES&T WATER 2022; 2:2657-2667. [PMID: 37810444 PMCID: PMC10552926 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Tap water quality concerns and advertisements often drive increased bottled water consumption, especially in communities with historical tap water quality problems (e.g., Nogales, Arizona). The study objective was to assess contamination of municipal tap and bottled water in Nogales, Arizona. Bottled (sealed, open/partially consumed bottles, and reusable containers for vended water) and tap water samples were collected from 30 homes and analyzed for chemical and microbial contaminants. Fisher exact tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare proportions of positive samples and contaminant concentrations between tap and bottled water samples. While none of the chemical contaminants were above MCLs, there were statistically significantly greater concentrations and proportions of positive samples for some contaminants, including arsenic, in tap vs. bottled water. E. coli concentrations were >0 CFU/100mL in some unsealed bottled water samples but not for sealed bottles. This study demonstrates that 1) the measured concentrations in tap and bottled water likely pose low risks, as they are below the MCLs, 2) more education in this community on hygiene maintenance of refillable or opened bottled water containers is needed, and 3) using tap water over bottled water is advantageous due to likely lower E. coli risk and lower cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Wilson
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Kerton R Victory
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Kelly A Reynolds
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Nolan L Cabrera
- Center for the Study of Higher Education, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Daniela Larson
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Joyce Latura
- Mariposa Community Health Center, Nogales, Arizona, United States
| | - Jonathan D Sexton
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Paloma I Beamer
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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Pourfadakari S, Dobaradaran S, De-la-Torre GE, Mohammadi A, Saeedi R, Spitz J. Evaluation of occurrence of organic, inorganic, and microbial contaminants in bottled drinking water and comparison with international guidelines: a worldwide review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:55400-55414. [PMID: 35668268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of inorganic and organic substances as well as microbial contaminants in bottled drinking water on a global scale. The findings were compared to WHO guidelines, EPA standards, European Union (EU) directive, and standards drafted by International Bottled Water Association (IBWA). Our review showed that 46% of studies focused on the organic contaminants, 25% on physicochemical parameters, 12% on trace elements, 7% on the microbial quality, and 10% on microplastics (MPs) and radionuclides elements. Overall, from the 54 studies focusing on organic contaminants (OCs) compounds, 11% of studies had higher OCs concentrations than the standard permissible limit. According to the obtained results from this review, several OCs, inorganic contaminants (IOCs), including CHCl3, CHBrCl2, DEHP, benzene, styrene, Ba, As, Hg, pb, Ag, F, NO3, and SO4 in bottled drinking water of some countries were higher than the international guidelines values that may cause risks for human health in a long period of time. Furthermore, some problematic contaminants with known or unknown health effects such as EDCs, DBP, AA, MPs, and some radionuclides (40K and 222Rn) lack maximum permissible values in bottled drinking water as stipulated by international guidelines. The risk index (HI) for OCs and IOCs (CHBrCl2, Ba, As, and Hg) was higher than 1 in adults and children, and the value of HI for CHCl3 in children was more than 1. Thus, further studies are required to have a better understanding of all contaminants levels in bottled drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudabeh Pourfadakari
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boostan 19 Alley, Imam Khomeini Street, Bushehr, 7514763448, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boostan 19 Alley, Imam Khomeini Street, Bushehr, 7514763448, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Niutrition, Bushehr, Iran.
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Azam Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jorg Spitz
- Akademie für Menschliche Medizin GmbH, Krauskopfallee 27, 65388, Schlangenbad, Germany
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David E, Niculescu VC. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) as Environmental Pollutants: Occurrence and Mitigation Using Nanomaterials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13147. [PMID: 34948756 PMCID: PMC8700805 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprise various organic chemicals which are released as gases from different liquids or solids. The nature and impact of the health effects are dependent on the VOCs concentrations and, also, on the exposure time. VOCs are present in different household, industrial or commercial and products, but their accumulation in air and water has primarily gained attention. Among VOCs, trichloroethylene and vinyl chloride are the most toxic and carcinogenic compounds. In order to improve the indoor air and water quality, VOCs can be removed via efficient approaches involving nanomaterials, by using techniques such as adsorption, catalysis or photocatalysis. In the recent years, the development of manufacturing procedures, characterization techniques and testing processes has resulted in the growth of na-nomaterials obtaining and applications, creating great possibilities and also a tremendous prov-ocation in applying them for highly efficient VOCs removal. This review is intended to contrib-ute to the improvement of awareness and knowledge on the great potential that nanomaterials have in VOCs removal, in order a to improve indoor and outdoor environment, but also the worldwide water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Violeta-Carolina Niculescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies—ICSI Ramnicu Valcea, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
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8
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Quality assessment for methodological aspects of microplastics analysis in bottled water – A critical review. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Roy S, Paul P, Karar M, Joshi M, Paul S, Choudhury AR, Biswas B. Cascade detection of fluoride and bisulphate ions by newly developed hydrazine functionalised Schiff bases. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Singh A, Tom S, Trivedi DR. Aminophenol based colorimetric chemosensor for naked-eye detection of biologically important fluoride and acetate ions in organo-aqueous medium: Effective and simple anion sensors. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Karar M, Paul S, Mallick A, Majumdar T. Interaction Behavior between Active Hydrogen Bond Donor-Acceptors as a Binding Decoration for Anion Recognition: Experimental Observation and Theoretical Validation. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201602045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monaj Karar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kalyani; Nadia, West Bengal - 741235 India
| | - Suvendu Paul
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kalyani; Nadia, West Bengal - 741235 India
| | - Arabinda Mallick
- Department of Chemistry; Kashipur Michael Madhusudan Mahavidyalaya; Purulia, West Bengal - 723132 India
| | - Tapas Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kalyani; Nadia, West Bengal - 741235 India
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Rahman IM, Barua S, Barua R, Mutsuddi R, Alamgir M, Islam F, Begum ZA, Hasegawa H. Quality assessment of the non-carbonated bottled drinking water marketed in Bangladesh and comparison with tap water. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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M Carstea E, Levei EA, Hoaghia MA, Savastru R. Quality assessment of Romanian bottled mineral water and tap water. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:521. [PMID: 27526046 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the evaluation of bottled mineral water characteristics using fluorescence spectroscopy (synchronous fluorescence scans and emission spectra) and physico-chemical analyses. Samples from 14 still mineral water brands were compared to 11 tap waters collected from two Romanian cities. Correlation and factor analyses were undertaken to understand the relationships between the individual components. The concentration of major and minor ions showed great variation between the bottled mineral water samples highlighting the diversity of the water intakes, while in the case of tap water the chemical composition was relatively similar for samples collected in the same city. Fluorescence data showed that the mineral water contained low quantities of organic matter. The humic fraction was dominant in all samples, while the microbial fraction was low in most samples. Synchronous fluorescence scans provided more information, regarding the composition of organic matter, compared to emission spectra. The study evidenced the correlation between fluorescence parameters and major elements and highlighted the potential of using fluorescence for qualitative evaluation of the bottled mineral water quality, as a screening method before undertaking complex analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfrida M Carstea
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor 409, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania.
| | - Erika A Levei
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Savastru
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor 409, RO-077125, Magurele, Romania
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Li GY, Liu D, Zhang H, Li WW, Wang F, Liang YH. TDDFT study on the sensing mechanism of a fluorescent sensor for fluoride anion: Inhibition of the ESPT process. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 149:17-22. [PMID: 25935640 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The fluoride-sensing mechanism of a reported salicylaldehyde-based sensor (J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 2014, 138, 75) has been investigated by the TDDFT method. The present theoretical study indicates that there is an excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) process from the phenolic O-H moiety to the neighbor N atom in the sensor. The added fluoride anion could capture the proton in the O-H moiety and the corresponding phenolic anion is formed, which could inhibit the ESPT process. The experimental UV/Vis and fluorescence spectra are well reproduced by the calculated vertical excitation energies. Frontier molecular orbital analysis indicates that the local excited state of phenolic anion is responsible for its enhanced fluorescence. Due to this reason, the sensor can be used to sense fluoride anion by monitoring the fluorescent change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yue Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063009, PR China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063009, PR China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Modern Technology and Education Centre, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063009, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063009, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063009, PR China
| | - Ying-Hua Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063009, PR China.
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16
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Effect of bottling and storage on the migration of plastic constituents in Spanish bottled waters. Food Chem 2014; 156:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Bach C, Dauchy X, Severin I, Munoz JF, Etienne S, Chagnon MC. Effect of temperature on the release of intentionally and non-intentionally added substances from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles into water: Chemical analysis and potential toxicity. Food Chem 2013; 139:672-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Kulthanan K, Nuchkull P, Varothai S. The pH of water from various sources: an overview for recommendation for patients with atopic dermatitis. Asia Pac Allergy 2013; 3:155-60. [PMID: 23956962 PMCID: PMC3736366 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2013.3.3.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have increased susceptibility to irritants. Some patients have questions about types of water for bathing or skin cleansing. OBJECTIVE We studied the pH of water from various sources to give an overview for physicians to recommend patients with AD. METHODS Water from various sources was collected for measurement of the pH using a pH meter and pH-indicator strips. RESULTS Bottled drinking still water had pH between 6.9 and 7.5 while the sparkling type had pH between 4.9 and 5.5. Water derived from home water filters had an approximate pH of 7.5 as same as tap water. Swimming pool water had had pH between 7.2 and 7.5 while seawater had a pH of 8. Normal saline and distilled water had pH of 5.4 and 5.7, respectively. Facial mineral water had pH between 7.5 and 8, while facial makeup removing water had an acidic pH. CONCLUSION Normal saline, distilled water, bottled sparkling water and facial makeup removing water had similar pH to that of normal skin of normal people. However, other factors including benefits of mineral substances in the water in terms of bacteriostatic and anti-inflammation should be considered in the selection of cleansing water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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19
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Diduch M, Polkowska Ż, Namieśnik J. Factors affecting the quality of bottled water. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2013; 23:111-119. [PMID: 23093103 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing popularity of bottled water means that it is important to analyze not only its mineral content but also, above all, its content of possible contaminants, especially the organic ones. In this respect, bottled waters are a special case, because apart from organic chemical contaminants derived from the well from which they were acquired, their secondary contamination is always possible, during treatment or storage or transport in unsuitable conditions (sunlight and elevated temperature). This paper describes how various factors, from the area around the well, and the method of drawing and treating water, to the manner in which the finished product is stored and transported may affect the quality of bottled waters. It also summarizes literature information on the levels of organic contaminants in various kinds of bottled water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Diduch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Narutowicza Street 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
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Bono-Blay F, Guart A, de la Fuente B, Pedemonte M, Pastor MC, Borrell A, Lacorte S. Survey of phthalates, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and herbicides in Spanish source waters intended for bottling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:3339-3349. [PMID: 22421799 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE Groundwaters and source waters are exposed to environmental pollution due to agricultural and industrial activities that can enhance the leaching of organic contaminants. Pesticides are among the most widely studied compounds in groundwater, but little information is available on the presence of phthalates, alkylphenols and bisphenol A. These compounds are used in pesticide formulations and represent an emerging family of contaminants due to their widespread environmental presence and endocrine-disrupting properties. Knowledge on the occurrence of contaminants in source waters intended for bottling is important for sanitary and regulatory purposes. So the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of phthalates, alkylphenols, triazines, chloroacetamides and bisphenol A throughout 131 Spanish water sources intended for bottling. Waters studied were spring waters and boreholes which have a protection diameter to minimize environmental contamination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Waters were solid-phase extracted (SPE) and analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Quality control analysis comprising recovery studies, blank analysis and limits of detection were performed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Using SPE and GC-MS, the 21 target compounds were satisfactorily recovered (77-124 %) and limits of quantification were between 0.0004 and 0.029 μg/L for pesticides, while for alkylphenols, bisphenol A and phthalates the limits of quantification were from 0.0018 μg/L for octylphenol to 0.970 μg/L for bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Among the 21 compounds analysed, only 9 were detected at levels between 0.002 and 1.115 μg/L. Compounds identified were triazine herbicides, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and two phthalates. Spring waters or shallow boreholes were the sites more vulnerable to contaminants. Eighty-five percent of the samples did not contain any of the target compounds. CONCLUSIONS Target compounds were detected in a very low concentration and only in very few samples. This indicates the good quality of source waters intended for bottling and the effectiveness of the protection measures adopted in Spain. None of the samples analysed exceeded the maximum legislated levels for drinking water both in Spain and in the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bono-Blay
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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