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Sowunmi BO, Gonzo M. The effect of Moringa oleifera crude extract on liver cell line, HepG2. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:380. [PMID: 37884920 PMCID: PMC10601157 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver plays a crucial role in the body's metabolic and detoxification processes. Given its importance, compromised liver function can negatively impact the body's metabolic and physiological function. Liver diseases can result from several factors, including exposure to toxins, alcohol consumption, and viral infections. Therefore, finding natural remedies for liver protection and treatment is important. Moringa oleifera is a tree known for its various medicinal properties, including hepatoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential of M. oleifera seed extract in protecting liver cells. METHODS In this study, dried-seed powder of M. oleifera was extracted using extraction solvents, methanol, and ethanol. HepG2 cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of the extracts. The antioxidative activity, cell viability, and antiproliferation were assessed using the total antioxidant capacity assay (TAC) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Additionally, liver enzyme activity was determined through alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activity assays. RESULTS The extracts had varying effects on liver cells depending on the concentration and time of exposure. Lower concentrations (50 mg/l and 100 mg/l) have mild stimulatory effects/minimal impact on metabolic activity, while higher concentrations (200 mg/l and 400 mg/l) tend to decrease metabolic activity, especially at later time points. Moreover, the extracts effectively reduced the levels of the liver enzyme AST, indicating their ability to mitigate liver injury. CONCLUSION The study concludes that the crude extracts of M. oleifera seeds exhibit potential as a natural remedy for liver diseases. The effects of M. oleifera extract suggest that it has potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for liver damage. This study highlights the importance of exploring natural remedies for liver protection and treatment.
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Taufek NM, Zainol Ariffin SNN, Mohd Arshad N, Mazlishah MSH. Current status of dietary Moringa oleifera and its application in poultry nutrition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2016037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norhidayah Mohd Taufek
- AquaNutri Biotech Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Norhafiza Mohd Arshad
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Daoudi NE, Bouhrim M, Bnouham M. A Review on Hepatoprotective Effects of Some Medicinal Plant Oils. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817666200831175139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The liver is the second largest organ inside the human body. It can be damaged
by several toxic molecules and medicinal agents taken in overdoses. Indeed, there are some
oils obtained from different herbs that can be used to protect the liver injury.
Objective:
This review aims to give details on some oils that have been tested for their hepatoprotective
effect.
Methods:
We reviewed 79 articles published between 1980 and 2019 in English language using
three databases Sciencedirect, Web of Science and PubMed. So, we have used the keywords related
to hepatoprotective activity: Hepatoprotective, liver disease, plant and oil and we have classified the
plants in alphabetical order as a list containing their scientific and family names, as well as the experimental
assay and the results obtained from these studies.
Results:
As a result, we have described 18 species belonging to 18 families: Altingiaceae, Apiaceae,
Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Caryocaraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminoseae, Malvaceae,
Moringaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Pinaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Theaceae and Vitaceae.
Among the most common fatty acids present in hepatoprotective oils are palmitic acid, linoleic
acid, oleic acid and stearic acid.
Conclusion:
These oils have shown beneficial properties regarding the hepatoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Elhouda Daoudi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
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Pérez-Pérez V, Alamilla-Beltrán L, Jiménez-Martínez C, Pereyra-Castro SDC, Ortiz-Moreno A, Plazola-Jacinto CP, Camacho-Díaz BH, Hernández Ortega M. Evaluación de la toxicidad aguda y composición química de aceite refinado de Moringa oleifera cultivada en México. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2020. [DOI: 10.22201/fesz.23958723e.2020.0.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
El aceite de Moringa oleifera está compuesto principalmente de ácido oleico, linoleico y α-linolénico, también contiene fosfolípidos y otros componentes minoritarios, como enzimas, alcaloides y glucosinolatos, compuestos que pueden generar características no deseadas y/o toxicidad, sin embargo, éstos pueden eliminarse mediante un proceso de refinación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la refinación química sobre la toxicidad aguda, la composición de ácidos grasos, y las propiedades fisicoquímicas del aceite de semilla de M. oleifera de una variedad mexicana, para ésto, el aceite se extrajo por prensado mecánico de las semillas para someterse a refinación química. Al aceite crudo y refinado se les determinó toxicidad aguda probada en un modelo murino, así como también el perfil de los ácidos grasos, los índices de yodo, saponificación y peróxido, además de la acidez, y capacidad antioxidante. Los resultados mostraron que el aceite de semilla de M. oleifera no presentó toxicidad aguda en el intervalo de 300-2,000 mg/kg; por lo que podría ser utilizado para consumo humano. El proceso de refinación no tuvo efecto significativo (p < 0.05) sobre el contenido del ácido oleico (69%), linoleico (0.74%) y α-linolénico (1.97%). Después del proceso de refinación, aumentó el valor del índice de yodo y de saponificación, mientras que el índice de peróxido, la acidez, el contenido de β-caroteno y la capacidad antioxidante disminuyeron.
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Liu WL, Wu BF, Shang JH, Zhao YL, Huang AX. Moringa oleifera Lam Seed Oil Augments Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behaviors in Mice via GABAergic Systems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3149-3162. [PMID: 32062961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO), which is widely consumed as both food and herbal medicine in tropical and subtropical regions, has a wide spectrum of health benefits. Yet, whether the oil obtained from MO seeds could affect (improve) the sleep activity remains unclear. Herein, we used the locomotor activity, pentobarbital-induced sleeping, and pentetrazol-induced convulsions test to examine sedative-hypnotic effects (SHE) of MO oil (MOO) and explored the underlying mechanisms. Besides, the main components of MOO like oleic acid, β-Sitosterol, and Stigmasterol were also evaluated. The results showed that they possessed good SHE. Except for oleic acid and Stigmasterol, they could significantly elevate γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) and reduce glutamic acid (Glu) levels in the hypothalamus of mice. Moreover, SHE was blocked by picrotoxin, flumazenil, and bicuculline, except for oleic acid, which could not be antagonized by picrotoxin. Molecular mechanisms showed that MOO and β-Sitosterol significantly upregulated the amount of protein-level expression of Glu decarboxylase-65 (GAD65) and α1-subunit of GABAA receptors in the hypothalamus of mice, not affecting GAD67, γ2 subunits. These data indicated that MOO modulates sleep architectures via activation of the GABAA-ergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Liu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Bai-Fen Wu
- Yunnan University of Business Management, Kunming 650106, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Xiang Huang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
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Emerging Insights into Anticancer Chemopreventive Activities of Nutraceutical Moringa oleifera: Molecular Mechanisms, Signal Transduction and In Vivo Efficacy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-020-00210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Edeogu CO, Kalu ME, Famurewa AC, Asogwa NT, Onyeji GN, Ikpemo KO. Nephroprotective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Biochemical Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Pathways. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:307-315. [PMID: 31403889 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1649218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Gentamicin is an efficacious aminoglycoside antibiotic widely used to treat life-threatening Gram-negative bacteria infections. However, its specific non-targeted induction of nephrotoxicity is a worrying clinical challenge. The study explored the nephroprotective effect of Moringa oleifera seed oil (MOO) against gentamicin-induced oxidative nephrotoxicity, pro-inflammation, and apoptosis in male Wistar rats.Method: Twenty-four rats divided into 4 groups (n = 6) were administered MOO (5 ml/kg) for 16 days and/or gentamicin (100 mg/kg bw/d, ip) injected from day 11 to day 16. The renal antioxidant enzyme activities reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and serum renal markers. Urea and creatinine levels were estimated. The renal expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) were determined. Renal levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB), and caspase-3 were determined to detect possible mechanism of inflammation and apoptosis with histology.Results: MOO prominently reduced serum creatinine and urea levels with amelioration of histopathological abrasions induced by gentamicin (GM). It significantly depressed oxidative stress through lowering of renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevation of renal superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) level. MOO restored renal content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NO, coupled with the mechanistic downregulation of NF-ĸB, iNOS, and caspase-3 activities. The histopathological alterations were ameliorated by MOO.Conclusions: MOO possesses marked nephroprotective effect against GM-induced renal damage via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Edeogu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Michael E Kalu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Nnaemeka T Asogwa
- Central Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Gertrude N Onyeji
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Kelechi O Ikpemo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Famurewa AC, Aja PM, Nwankwo OE, Awoke JN, Maduagwuna EK, Aloke C. Moringa oleifera seed oil or virgin coconut oil supplementation abrogates cerebral neurotoxicity induced by antineoplastic agent methotrexate by suppression of oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in rats. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12748. [PMID: 31353570 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an effective antineoplastic drug associated with wide organ toxicity. Accumulating evidence implicates oxidative stress to be a leading underlying mechanism of MTX-induced neurotoxicity. The study explores antioxidant potential of virgin coconut oil (VCO) or Moringa oleifera seed oil (MOO) in MTX-induced oxidative stress-mediated cerebral neurotoxicity and inflammation in rats. Rats treated with VCO or MOO (5 ml/kg bw) for 17 days were administered MTX (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on day 14 only. Cerebral activities of acetylcholinesterase, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and nitric oxide levels as well as cytokines were evaluated. MTX-induced neurotoxic alterations were significantly abrogated by MOO and VCO supplementation via inhibition of cholinesterase, oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. VCO and MOO showed comparable antioxidant potentials with the standards in DPPH and FRAP assays. VCO and MOO are promising natural oils for modulating MTX neurotoxicity in cancer patients. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Methotrexate chemotherapy induces neurotoxicity in cancer patients, and this is a source of worry for clinicians. This study reports, for the first time, the beneficial health effects of functional food oils, Moringa oleifera seed oil, and virgin coconut oil against anticancer drug methotrexate-induced cerebral neurotoxicity. Supplementation of these natural oils may be beneficial in the prevention of cerebral neurotoxic side effect in cancer patients undergoing methotrexate chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Patrick M Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Onyebuchi E Nwankwo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Joshua N Awoke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Chinyere Aloke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
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Abarikwu SO, Benjamin S, Ebah SG, Obilor G, Agbam G. Protective effect of Moringa oleifera oil against HgCl2-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicity in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:337-345. [PMID: 28306528 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various parts of the Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) tree are widely accepted to have ameliorative effects against metal toxicity. In the present study, M. oleifeira oil (MO) was tested against HgCl2-induced tissue pathologies and oxidative stress. METHODS Male Wistar rats were administered MO (1.798 mg/kg p.o.) or HgCl2 (5 mg/kg body wt) alone or in combination (5 mg/kg HgCl2+1.798 mg/kg MO p.o.) three times per week for 21 days. After exposure and treatment periods, rats were sacrificed; blood collected and the oxidative status of the liver and kidney homogenates were evaluated. RESULTS In the liver, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were higher whereas catalase (CAT) activity was lower in the HgCl2 group than in the control group. In the kidney, MDA level, SOD, and CAT activities were higher whereas GSH activity was unchanged in the HgCl2 group compared to the control group. In the liver, MDA level, SOD, and CAT activities were lower in the HgCl2+MO group than in the HgCl2 group. In the kidney, MDA level, SOD and CAT activities were lower in the HgCl2+MO than in the HgCl2 group. Furthermore, Hg-induced increases in creatinine and bilirubin levels as well as the increase in γ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were attenuated in the combine exposure group and the animals showed improvement in the histology of the liver and kidney. CONCLUSIONS MO decreased the negative effects of Hg-induced oxidative stress in rats.
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Alegbeleye OO. How Functional Is Moringa oleifera? A Review of Its Nutritive, Medicinal, and Socioeconomic Potential. Food Nutr Bull 2017; 39:149-170. [DOI: 10.1177/0379572117749814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is an important tropical food plant that seems to have great nutritional, therapeutic, industrial, agricultural, and socioeconomic value. Dietary consumption of its parts and preparations is encouraged by several organizations, health food enthusiasts, and other specialists as a strategy of personal health preservation and self-medication in the treatment of various diseases. Studies extoling its ability to mitigate various degenerative ailments now exist in both the scientific and the popular literature. At face value, and considering the volume of reports available, much of this enthusiasm seems to be indeed justified. However, it is imperative to distinguish rigorous scientific evidence from anecdote. To achieve this, relevant experimental and review articles were sought and read critically to identify recent patterns and trends on this subject matter. Studies on the medicinal and functional properties of M. oleifera are available from various parts of the world, especially developing regions. Attempts have been made to parse the contemporary scientific data available supporting the claims regarding the phytochemical, nutritive, medicinal, environmental, agricultural, and socioeconomic capabilities of this plant. Studies reviewed provide compelling, albeit preliminary experimental evidence of therapeutic potential of the plant. It is important that M. oleifera products and preparations be properly chemically characterized and standardized before being administered.
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Abarikwu SO, Benjamin S, Ebah SG, Obilor G, Agbam G. Oral administration of Moringa oleifera oil but not coconut oil prevents mercury-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Andrologia 2016; 49. [PMID: 27071754 DOI: 10.1111/and.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effects of administration of coconut oil (CO) and Moringa oleifera oil (MO) on testicular oxidative stress, sperm quality and steroidogenesis parameters in rats treated with mercury chloride (HgCl2 ). After 15 days of oral administration of CO (2 ml kg-1 body weight) and MO (2 ml kg-1 body weight) along with intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of HgCl2 (5 mg kg-1 body weight) alone or in combination, we found that CO treatment did not protect against HgCl2 -induced poor sperm quality (motility, count) as well as decreased testosterone level and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) activity. Treatment with CO alone decreased glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in rat's testis, whereas MO did not change these parameters. Cotreatment with MO prevented HgCl2 -induced testicular catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, poor sperm quality and low testosterone level and also blocks the adverse effect of CO+HgCl2 (2 ml kg-1 body weight + 5 mg kg-1 body weight) on the investigated endpoints. In conclusion, MO and not CO decreased the deleterious effects of HgCl2 on sperm quality and steroidogenesis in rats and also strengthen the antioxidant defence of the testes. Therefore, MO is beneficial as an antioxidant in HgCl2 -induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - S Benjamin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - S G Ebah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - G Obilor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - G Agbam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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Arbab AH, Parvez MK, Al-Dosari MS, Al-Rehaily AJ, Ibrahim KE, Alam P, Alsaid MS, Rafatullah S. Therapeutic efficacy of ethanolic extract of Aerva javanica aerial parts in the amelioration of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage in rats. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:30864. [PMID: 27059702 PMCID: PMC4826463 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.30864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver diseases, the fifth most common cause of global death, can be metabolic, toxin-induced, or infective. Though approximately 35 Saudi medicinal plants are traditionally used to treat liver disorders, the hepatoprotective potential of Aerva javanica has not been explored. Objective To investigate the antioxidative and hepatoprotective effect of Aerva javanica. Design Total ethanol extract of A. javanica aerial parts was prepared and tested on DCFH-toxicated HepG2 cells ex vivo, and in CCl4-injured Wistar rats in vivo. MTT assay was used to determine cell viability and the serum biochemical markers of liver injury as well as histopathology was performed. In vitro 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and β-carotene free-radical scavenging assay and phytochemical screening of the extract were done. Furthermore, A. javanica total extract was standardized and validated by high-performance thin layer chromatographic method. Results MTT assay showed that, while DCFH-injured cells were recovered to ~56.7% by 100 µg/ml of the extract, a 200 µg/ml dose resulted in hepatocytes recovery by ~90.2%. Oral administration of the extract (100 and 200 mg/kg.bw/day) significantly normalized the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and malondialdehyde levels, including tissue nonprotein sulfhydryl and total protein in CCl4-injured rats. In addition, the histopathology of dissected liver also revealed that A. javanica cured the tissue lesion compared to silymarin treatment. In vitro assays revealed strong free-radical scavenging ability of the extract and presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and saponins where rutin, a well-known antioxidant flavonoid, was identified. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the potential of A. javanica in the attenuation of ex vivo and in vivo hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage. This further suggests its therapeutic value in various liver diseases. However, isolations of the active principles, their mechanisms of action, and other therapeutic contributions remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Arbab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed S Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan J Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S Alsaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Rafatullah
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Godinez-Ov A, Guemes-Ver N, Acevedo-Sa O. Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition of Moringa oleifera Lam and its Potential Use as Nutraceutical Plant: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2016.397.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Crystal structure of mature 2S albumin from Moringa oleifera seeds. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:365-71. [PMID: 26505799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2S albumins, the seed storage proteins, are the primary sources of carbon and nitrogen and are involved in plant defense. The mature form of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera), a chitin binding protein isoform 3-1 (mMo-CBP3-1) a thermostable antifungal, antibacterial, flocculating 2S albumin is widely used for the treatment of water and is potentially interesting for the development of both antifungal drugs and transgenic crops. The crystal structure of mMo-CBP3-1 determined at 1.7 Å resolution demonstrated that it is comprised of two proteolytically processed α-helical chains, stabilized by four disulfide bridges that is stable, resistant to pH changes and has a melting temperature (TM) of approximately 98 °C. The surface arginines and the polyglutamine motif are the key structural factors for the observed flocculating, antibacterial and antifungal activities. This represents the first crystal structure of a 2S albumin and the model of the pro-protein indicates the structural changes that occur upon formation of mMo-CBP3-1 and determines the structural motif and charge distribution patterns for the diverse observed activities.
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Hepatoprotective and antiviral efficacy of Acacia mellifera leaves fractions against hepatitis B virus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:929131. [PMID: 25950002 PMCID: PMC4407411 DOI: 10.1155/2015/929131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the hepatoprotective and anti-HBV efficacy of Acacia mellifera (AM) leaves extracts. The crude ethanolic-extract, including organic and aqueous fractions, were tested for cytotoxicity on HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells (IC50 = 684 μg/mL). Of these, the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions showed the most promising, dose-dependent hepatoprotection in DCFH-toxicated cells at 48 h. In CCl4-injured rats, oral administration of AM ethanol extract (250 and 500 mg/kg·bw) for three weeks significantly normalized the sera aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein levels and elevated tissue nonprotein sulphydryl and total protein. The histopathology of dissected livers also revealed that AM cured the tissue lesions. The phytochemical screening of the fractions showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and saponins. Further, anti-HBV potential of the fractions was evaluated on HepG2.2.15 cells. Of these, the n-butanol and aqueous fractions exhibited the best inhibitory effects on HBsAg and HBeAg expressions in dose- and time-dependent manner. Taken together, while the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions exhibited the most promising antioxidant/hepatoprotective and anti-HBV activity, respectively, the n-butanol partition showed both activities. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of AM extracts warrants further isolation of the active principle(s) and its phytochemical as well as biological studies.
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Al-Dosari MS. Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) mediates redox-sensitive amelioration of dyslipidemia and hepatic injury induced by exogenous cholesterol administration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:189-206. [PMID: 24467544 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1450013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The widely used culinary vegetable, red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Var. capitata f. rubra), of the Brassicaceae family contains biologically potent anthocyanins and a myriad of antioxidants. Previous studies have shown that the pharmacological effects of red cabbage in vivo are redox-sensitive. The present study explored whether red cabbage modulates various histopathological and biochemical parameters in rats administered with a cholesterol-rich diet (CRD). To this end, prolonged administration of a lyophilized-aqueous extract of red cabbage (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) significantly blunted the imbalances in lipids, liver enzymes and renal osmolytes induced by the CRD. The effects of red cabbage were compared to simvastatin (30 mg/kg body weight) treated rats. Estimation of malondialdehyde and non-protein sulfhydryls revealed robust antioxidant properties of red cabbage. Histopathological analysis of livers from rats administered with red cabbage showed marked inhibition in inflammatory and necrotic changes triggered by CRD. Similarly, in vitro studies using a 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein-based assay showed that red cabbage conferred cytoprotective effects in cultured HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the present study discloses the potential therapeutic effects of red cabbage in dyslipidemia as well as hepatic injury, that is at least, partly mediated by its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Nwozo SO, Osunmadewa DA, Oyinloye BE. Anti-fatty liver effects of oils from Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa on ethanol-induced fatty liver in rats. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 12:59-65. [PMID: 24461596 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(14)60006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study is aimed at evaluating the protective effects of oils from Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Curcuma longa (turmeric) on acute ethanol-induced fatty liver in male Wistar rats. METHODS Ferric reducing antioxidant power activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the oils were evaluated ex vivo. Rats were pretreated for 28 d with standard drug (Livolin Forte) and oils from Z. officinale and C. longa before they were exposed to 45% ethanol (4.8 g/kg) to induce acute fatty liver. Histological changes were observed and the degree of protection was measured by using biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities. Serum triglyceride (TG) level, total cholesterol (TC) level and the effects of both oils on reduced gluthatione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated. RESULTS Oils from Z. officinale and C. longa at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed hepatoprotection by decreasing the activities of serum enzymes, serum TG, serum TC and hepatic MDA, while they significantly restored the level of GSH as well as GST and SOD activities. Histological examination of rats tissues was related to the obtained results. CONCLUSION From the results it may be concluded that oils from Z. officinale and C. longa (200 mg/kg) exhibited hepatoprotective activity in acute ethanol-induced fatty liver and Z. officinale oil was identified to have better effects than C. longa oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Onyenibe Nwozo
- Nutritional and Industrial Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200002, Nigeria E-mail:
| | - Damilola Adeola Osunmadewa
- Nutritional and Industrial Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200002, Nigeria
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Nutritional and Industrial Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200002, Nigeria
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Citrus medica "Otroj": attenuates oxidative stress and cardiac dysrhythmia in isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Nutrients 2013; 5:4269-83. [PMID: 24169505 PMCID: PMC3847729 DOI: 10.3390/nu5114269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus medica L. commonly known as Otroj, is an important medicinal plant reputed for its nutritious and therapeutic uses. The present work was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of otroj (EEOT) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. In addition, the antioxidant activity and the phenolic and flavonoidal contents were determined. Rats were administered EETO (250 and 500 mg/kg) or vehicle orally for 15 days along with ISO (85 mg/kg, s.c.) on the 14th and 15th day. ISO induced cardiac dysfunction, increased lipid peroxidation and alteration of myocyte-injury specific marker enzymes. ISO also showed an increase in levels of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, and VLDL-C. Moreover, the histological investigations showed myocardial necrosis and inflammation. EETO treatment brought the above parameters towards normal level. Moreover, in vitro DPPH radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid tests of the EEOT exhibited a notable antioxidant activity in both assays used. In addition, histopathological examination reconfirmed the protective effects of EEOT. Thus, the present study reveals that C. medica alleviates myocardial damage in ISO-induced cardiac injury and demonstrates cardioprotective potential which could be attributed to its potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity.
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Kamel R, El Morsy EM. Hepatoprotective effect of methylsulfonylmethane against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1140-8. [PMID: 23591777 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced acute liver injury in rats. A single injection of CCl₄ (2 ml/kg, i.p.) increased serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST) activities. In addition, CCl₄ treatment led to elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) content was suppressed while proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels increased in liver tissue after CCl4 administration. We showed that acute CCl₄-induced damage was accompanied by a rise in Bax/Bcl₂ ratio indicating apoptosis. Pre-treatment with MSM (400 mg/kg) inhibited the increases of serum ALT and AST activities, decreased hepatic MDA, TNF-α, IL-6 and Bax/Bcl₂ ratio compared to CCl₄ treated group. On the other hand, MSM raised SOD and CAT activities as well as CYP2E1 level in liver tissues. The present study shows that MSM possesses a hepatoprotective effect against CCl₄-induced liver injury in rats. This protective effect might be through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt,
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