1
|
Sebbag L, Harrington DM, Mochel JP. Tear fluid collection in dogs and cats using ophthalmic sponges. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:249-254. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Sebbag
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - Danielle M. Harrington
- Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee A, Kathrani A, Priestnall S, Smith K, Werling D, Allenspach K. Lack of Correlation between Mucosal Immunoglobulin A-positive Plasma Cell Numbers and TLR5 Genotypes in German Shepherd Dogs with Idiopathic Chronic Enteropathy. J Comp Pathol 2015; 152:201-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
3
|
Tengvall K, Kierczak M, Bergvall K, Olsson M, Frankowiack M, Farias FHG, Pielberg G, Carlborg Ö, Leeb T, Andersson G, Hammarström L, Hedhammar Å, Lindblad-Toh K. Genome-wide analysis in German shepherd dogs reveals association of a locus on CFA 27 with atopic dermatitis. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003475. [PMID: 23671420 PMCID: PMC3649999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans and dogs are both affected by the allergic skin disease atopic dermatitis (AD), caused by an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The German shepherd dog (GSD) is a high-risk breed for canine AD (CAD). In this study, we used a Swedish cohort of GSDs as a model for human AD. Serum IgA levels are known to be lower in GSDs compared to other breeds. We detected significantly lower IgA levels in the CAD cases compared to controls (p = 1.1 × 10(-5)) in our study population. We also detected a separation within the GSD cohort, where dogs could be grouped into two different subpopulations. Disease prevalence differed significantly between the subpopulations contributing to population stratification (λ = 1.3), which was successfully corrected for using a mixed model approach. A genome-wide association analysis of CAD was performed (n cases = 91, n controls = 88). IgA levels were included in the model, due to the high correlation between CAD and low IgA levels. In addition, we detected a correlation between IgA levels and the age at the time of sampling (corr = 0.42, p = 3.0 × 10(-9)), thus age was included in the model. A genome-wide significant association was detected on chromosome 27 (praw = 3.1 × 10(-7), pgenome = 0.03). The total associated region was defined as a ~1.5-Mb-long haplotype including eight genes. Through targeted re-sequencing and additional genotyping of a subset of identified SNPs, we defined 11 smaller haplotype blocks within the associated region. Two blocks showed the strongest association to CAD. The ~209-kb region, defined by the two blocks, harbors only the PKP2 gene, encoding Plakophilin 2 expressed in the desmosomes and important for skin structure. Our results may yield further insight into the genetics behind both canine and human AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcin Kierczak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Computational Genetics Section, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Olsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcel Frankowiack
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabiana H. G. Farias
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerli Pielberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Örjan Carlborg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Computational Genetics Section, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saey V, Vanhaesebrouck A, Maes S, Simaey LV, Van Ham L, Deschaght P, Ducatelle R. Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis Associated With Sporobolomyces roseus in a Dog. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:1158-60. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810391110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A German Shepherd Dog was evaluated for clinical signs of multifocal, progressive brain disease. Despite supportive care, the dog died shortly after hospital admission. Granulomatous meningoencephalitis with intralesional fungal hyphae was diagnosed postmortem. The fungus was identified as Sporobolomyces roseus by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the ITS2 region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Saey
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A. Vanhaesebrouck
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S. Maes
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - L. Van Simaey
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Research (LBR), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L. Van Ham
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P. Deschaght
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Research (LBR), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R. Ducatelle
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies are congenital defects that affect formation or function of the immune system. Congenital immunodeficiency should be considered as a differential diagnosis for repeated infections in a young animal. Defects in the immune system may lead to complete or partial loss of immunity. Some animals with mild immunodeficiency can be managed with long-term antibiotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary C DeBey
- Hill's Veterinary Consultation Service, Hill's Pet Nutrition Inc., 400 SW 8th Avenue, Topeka, KS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bentley AM, O'Toole TE, Kowaleski MP, Casale SA, McCarthy RJ. Volvulus of the colon in four dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 227:253-6, 236-7. [PMID: 16047662 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Four dogs were examined because of vomiting of 7 to 48 hours' duration. Gas-distended segments of intestine were identified radiographically in all dogs, but the affected portion of the intestinal tract could not always be identified as the colon. Volvulus of the colon was diagnosed during surgery in all 4 dogs. Gastrocolopexy was performed following derotation of the colon in 3 of the dogs. In 1 dog, a colectomy and an ileorectal anastomosis were performed. All 4 dogs survived. Volvulus of the colon should be considered as a cause of vomiting of short duration in dogs for which there is radiographic evidence of intestinal dilatation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne M Bentley
- Foster Hospital for Small Animals at Tufts University's Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peters IR, Calvert EL, Hall EJ, Day MJ. Measurement of immunoglobulin concentrations in the feces of healthy dogs. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 11:841-8. [PMID: 15358641 PMCID: PMC515266 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.11.5.841-848.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency in humans and may be associated with chronic gastrointestinal disease. This observation has led to the suggestion that the high susceptibility of German shepherd dogs (GSD) to chronic enteropathies is related to a deficiency in mucosal IgA production. Relative deficiencies of IgA has been reported in the serum, saliva, tears, and feces of GSD both with and without alimentary disease; however, the findings of different studies are not consistent. The aim of this study was to confirm whether a relative deficiency of IgA exists in the feces of GSD. Feces were collected from healthy GSD (n = 209), Labrador retrievers (n = 96), beagles (n = 19), and miniature schnauzers (n = 32). Fecal IgA, IgM, and IgG were measured by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Fecal IgG concentrations in the four breed groups were not significantly different. IgA concentrations were significantly greater in miniature schnauzers than in GSD (P = 0.0003) and Labradors (P = 0.0004) but not significantly different from those in beagles. IgM concentrations were significantly greater in miniature schnauzers than in GSD (P < 0.0001), Labradors (P < 0.0001), and beagles (P = 0.0098). These findings do not support the hypothesis that GSD have a relative deficiency in fecal IgA. The differences in immunoglobulin concentrations measured from a single defecation, between individuals of the same breed and between breeds, as well as the lack of an internal control molecule, make the determination of a normal reference range for all dogs impossible. Therefore, the usefulness of fecal immunoglobulin quantification for the assessment of intestinal immunoglobulin secretion in dogs is limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I R Peters
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Evans J, Levesque D, de Lahunta A, Jensen HE. Intracranial fusariosis: a novel cause of fungal meningoencephalitis in a dog. Vet Pathol 2004; 41:510-4. [PMID: 15347824 DOI: 10.1354/vp.41-5-510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Fusarium species are a group of saprophytic fungal organisms that are occasionally the cause of opportunistic infections in humans and animals. Central nervous system disease associated with a Fusarium species is most commonly described in horse, resulting in equine leukoencephalomalacia. This report describes a 2-year-old, spayed, female German Shepherd Dog with meningoencephalitis secondary to infection with Fusarium spp. Meningoencephalitis in dogs secondary to a species of Fusarium has not been previously reported. The diagnosis was made based on the histopathologic examination of brain tissues postmortem and special immunohistochemical stains specific for Fusarium solani. The clinical signs in this dog were indicative of multifocal brain disease and included seizures and a paradoxical vestibular syndrome. The clinical findings, diagnostic and histopathologic test results, and the comparative characterizations of other disseminated fungal diseases, especially aspergillosis, are described.
Collapse
|
9
|
Peters IR, Helps CR, Batt RM, Day MJ, Hall EJ. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR measurement of mRNA encoding alpha-chain, pIgR and J-chain from canine duodenal mucosa. J Immunol Methods 2003; 275:213-22. [PMID: 12667685 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(03)00056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IgA is the predominant immunoglobulin class in mucosal secretions and secretory deficiencies may predispose to chronic enteropathies. The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) facilitates the transport of IgA across the epithelial border. Critical to the transport of IgA by pIgR is the presence of a polypeptide joining chain (J-chain) linking the IgA monomers of the dimeric IgA molecule. In this study we examine the difference in expression of mRNA transcripts for pIgR, alpha-chain and J-chain by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in endoscopic biopsies from the duodenum of dogs with and without chronic diarrhoea. One-step, real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the level of expression of transcripts for the housekeeper gene G3PDH, pIgR, alpha-chain and J-chain. There was no significant difference in expression of any transcript between dogs with (n=11) and without (n=8) chronic diarrhoea. Expression of alpha-chain mRNA in both groups had a similar bimodal distribution, as individuals either expressed relatively 'high' or 'low' levels of this transcript. The secretion of IgA by plasma cells is under the control of Th-2 cytokines, therefore the finding of 'high' and 'low' levels of alpha-chain expression may reflect different levels of these cytokines in duodenal mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain R Peters
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, North Somerset BS40 5DU, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Faldyna M, Levá L, Knötigová P, Toman M. Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of dogs--a flow cytometric study. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2001; 82:23-37. [PMID: 11557292 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(01)00337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Slight differences in the results of papers describing lymphocyte subsets distribution in the peripheral blood of healthy dogs may be explained by differences in monoclonal antibody clones and sources, breed and age of animals examined, methods of sample treatment, or methods of result analysis. In this paper, we described the effect of sample processing and of sample storage as well as the effect of age, breed, and gender of dogs on lymphocyte subset distribution. No significant differences were found between samples processed following a whole-blood lysis method and samples processed after density gradient separation. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between samples processed within 2h after collection and those stored at 4 degrees C for 12-16 h before processing. Age-related changes were evident in lymphocyte subset distribution in the peripheral blood of 38 Beagles divided according to their age into the six groups: (1) 5-6 days; (2) 2 months; (3) 6 months; (4) 1-2 years; (5) 3-5 years; and (6) >5 years. The percentage of B-lymphocytes (CD21-like positive cells) in the peripheral blood of newborn pups was 39.5+/-5.7 and decreased with advancing age. The percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes was 7.7+/-3.4 after birth and increased with advancing age. No age-related changes were observed in the percentages of CD4+ lymphocytes. The CD4+:CD8+ ratio decreased with advancing age. No significant age-related change was observed for lymphocytes bearing the gammadelta-TCR. Some breed differences were evident. Adult (1-5-year-old) Beagles, German Shepherds, Dalmatians, and Dachshunds were examined. The percentages of lymphocytes were higher in Beagles and Dachshunds than in Dalmatians and German Shepherds. The highest and the lowest absolute lymphocyte counts were found in Beagles and German Shepherds, respectively. As a consequence, German Shepherds showed the lowest absolute counts of the individual lymphocyte subpopulations and the widest neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. Dalmatians showed the lowest percentage of CD3+ cells, the highest percentage of CD21+ cells, and the lowest CD4+:CD8+ ratio. German Shepherds showed the lowest percentage of CD21+ cells and the highest CD4+:CD8+ ratio. Females in Beagles and Dachshuns had nonsignificantly higher percentages of total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, and nonsignificantly lower percentages of CD21+ lymphocytes. We concluded that there are age-, breed-, and perhaps also gender-related differences in lymphocyte subset distribution in the peripheral blood of dogs. Therefore, there is need to use appropriate control group in the experimental protocols. Among-breed differences could explain, at least partly, breed predisposition for some diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Faldyna
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 32, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
German AJ, Hall EJ, Day MJ. Relative deficiency in IgA production by duodenal explants from German shepherd dogs with small intestinal disease. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2000; 76:25-43. [PMID: 10973684 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(00)00191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Matched samples of serum, saliva and tears were collected from four groups of dogs; two of the groups were German shepherd dogs (GSDs) either with (Group 1) or without (Group 4) a variety of small intestinal disorders; the remaining two groups were dogs of other breeds, again with (Group 2) or without (Group 3) small intestinal disease. Capture ELISAs were used to measure IgG, IgM, IgA and albumin concentrations within these samples; intestinal humoral immune status of clinical cases was assessed by quantifying immunoglobulin production from duodenal explant cultures.There were no significant differences in IgG, IgM or IgA concentrations in serum, saliva or tears between the different groups of dog. Moreover, no significant differences were noted between groups for IgG, IgM and IgA salivary and tear secretory indices. IgA production by 24-h explant cultures was significantly lower in GSDs compared with non-GSDs with small intestinal disease (groups 1 and 2, respectively), but the numbers of lamina propria IgA(+) plasma cells in duodenal biopsies were not different between groups. These results suggest that there may be a relative deficiency in local IgA secretion in GSDs with small intestinal enteropathies, which is not reflected in either serum IgA concentrations, or in secretion at unaffected mucosal sites. It remains to be determined whether such a deficiency is a breed-related primary defect, or whether it arises secondary to the pathological processes within the intestinal mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J German
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|