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Nayar JC, Abboud M, Dixon KM. Cyclic AMP-regulatory element-binding protein: a novel UV-targeted transcription factor in skin cancer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1209-1215. [PMID: 38743195 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Common therapeutics in relation to melanoma and non-melanoma cancers include the use of kinase inhibitors. The long-term benefits of kinases, however, are limited by development of drug resistance. An alternative approach for treatment would be to focus on transcription factors. Cyclic AMP-regulatory element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that is commonly overactivated or overexpressed in many different cancers including skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), one of the main causes of skin cancer, can activate CREB in both melanocytes and keratinocytes. In addition, CREB has been found to be activated in skin cancers. Considering the prominent role that CREB plays in skin cancers, the studies reviewed herein raise the possibility of CREB as a potential prognostic and diagnostic marker of skin cancer and a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne C Nayar
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, 2050, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Myriam Abboud
- Department of Health, Zayed University, P.O. Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katie M Dixon
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, 2050, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Zhou Y, Panhale A, Shvedunova M, Balan M, Gomez-Auli A, Holz H, Seyfferth J, Helmstädter M, Kayser S, Zhao Y, Erdogdu NU, Grzadzielewska I, Mittler G, Manke T, Akhtar A. RNA damage compartmentalization by DHX9 stress granules. Cell 2024; 187:1701-1718.e28. [PMID: 38503283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecules incur damage during stress conditions, and damage partitioning represents a vital survival strategy for cells. Here, we identified a distinct stress granule (SG), marked by dsRNA helicase DHX9, which compartmentalizes ultraviolet (UV)-induced RNA, but not DNA, damage. Our FANCI technology revealed that DHX9 SGs are enriched in damaged intron RNA, in contrast to classical SGs that are composed of mature mRNA. UV exposure causes RNA crosslinking damage, impedes intron splicing and decay, and triggers DHX9 SGs within daughter cells. DHX9 SGs promote cell survival and induce dsRNA-related immune response and translation shutdown, differentiating them from classical SGs that assemble downstream of translation arrest. DHX9 modulates dsRNA abundance in the DHX9 SGs and promotes cell viability. Autophagy receptor p62 is activated and important for DHX9 SG disassembly. Our findings establish non-canonical DHX9 SGs as a dedicated non-membrane-bound cytoplasmic compartment that safeguards daughter cells from parental RNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zhou
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amol Panhale
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Shvedunova
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirela Balan
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Herbert Holz
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janine Seyfferth
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- EMcore, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Freiburg, Hospital Freiburg, University Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Séverine Kayser
- EMcore, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Freiburg, Hospital Freiburg, University Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niyazi Umut Erdogdu
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Iga Grzadzielewska
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Mittler
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Manke
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
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Michel P, Żbikowska HM, Rudnicka K, Gonciarz W, Krupa A, Gajewski A, Machała P, Olszewska MA. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and photoprotective activity of standardised Gaultheria procumbens L. leaf, stem, and fruit extracts in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117219. [PMID: 37742876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gaultheria procumbens L. is a polyphenolic-rich medicinal and food plant. Its leaves, stems, and fruits are traditional anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial herbal medicines used to treat internal and external inflammation-related ailments, including rheumatic diseases, influenza, the common cold, fever, and skin and periodontal problems. Moreover, G. procumbens leaf extract is used for skin care as an anti-ageing and anti-wrinkle ingredient. AIM OF THE STUDY Various environmental factors, especially solar ultraviolet radiation, accelerate skin ageing by promoting oxidative stress and inflammation. Despite the dermoprotective and anti-ageing applications, the impact of G. procumbens on human dermal fibroblasts is unknown. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and photoprotective activity of G. procumbens standardised leaf, stem, and fruit extracts in cellular models, including human dermal fibroblasts (Hs68 cells) under UVA-irradiation, the primary pro-ageing skin stressor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hs68 fibroblasts were pre-treated (24h) with G. procumbens extracts (0.5-100 μg/mL) or reference compounds followed by UVA-irradiation (8 J/cm2). Cell viability and metabolic activity were measured by CCK-8 and MTT assays in human Hs68 and mouse L929 fibroblasts, respectively. The ROS level, SOD, and GST activities were estimated by fluorescence and spectrophotometric techniques. The pro-inflammatory potential (NF-κB transcription factor activation) was checked using THP1-Blue™ NF-κB cells, and the anti-inflammatory activity was studied by measuring IL-8, ICAM-1, and NF-κB levels and phosphorylation of Erk kinase in LPS-stimulated Hs68 cells by spectrophotometry and confocal microscopy. The UVA-induced DNA damage and cell migration were evaluated by comet and scratch assays, respectively. RESULTS The extracts did not affect the metabolic activity of mouse L929 fibroblasts and the viability of unirradiated human Hs68 cells. Additionally, the extracts noticeably enhanced the viability of UVA-irradiated Hs68 cells up to 115-120% (p < 0.001) for stem and leaf extract at 25 μg/mL. All extracts in a wide concentration range (0.5-100 μg/mL) did not activate monocytes or induce the NF-κB transcription factor in LPS-stimulated Hs68 fibroblasts. On the other hand, the extracts (5-25 μg/mL) restored the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, i.e., SOD and GST, up to 120-140% (p < 0.001) in the UVA-irradiated Hs68 cells. Moreover, a statistically significant reduction of ROS, IL-8, ICAM-1, and NF-κB levels by up to 48%, 88%, 43%, and 39%, respectively (p < 0.001) and strong suppression of Erk kinase activation was observed for the extracts (25-50 μg/mL) in LPS-stimulated human fibroblasts. The total DNA damage (% tail DNA) in irradiated Hs68 cells was also strongly decreased by up to 66-69% (p < 0.001) at 50 μg/mL. However, the treatment with the extracts did not relevantly enhance the cell migration of Hs68 fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that G. procumbens may effectively protect human skin fibroblast from UVA irradiation. The leaf and stem extracts were the most potent antioxidants, while fruit and stem extracts revealed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity. The observed effects support the traditional use of aerial plant parts (leaves, stems, and fruits) in treating inflammation-related skin disorders cross-linked with oxidative stress and the topical application of Gaultheria extracts as anti-ageing agents intended for skin care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Michel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Halina Małgorzata Żbikowska
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Weronika Gonciarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Krupa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adrian Gajewski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paulina Machała
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Monika Anna Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
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Šínová R, Pavlík V, Šimek M, Čepa M, Ondrej M, Nešporová K, Velebný V. The hyaluronan metabolism in the UV-irradiated human epidermis and the relevance of in vitro epidermal models. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1694-1705. [PMID: 37443444 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the sun affects the skin and may eventually result in UV-induced skin damage. It is generally known that hyaluronan (HA) is one of the main structural and functional components of the skin. However, UV-related changes in the HA metabolism in the skin have not yet been elucidated. Using qRT-PCR, confocal microscopy and LC-MS/MS we compared the naturally sun-exposed (SE), sun-protected, experimentally repeatedly UVA + UVB-exposed and acutely (once) UVA + UVB irradiated skin of Caucasian women. The epidermis was harvested by means of suction blistering 24 h after the acute irradiation. In addition, the epidermis was compared with a UV-irradiated in vitro reconstituted 3D epidermis (EpiDerm) and an in vitro 2D culture of normal human keratinocytes (NHEK). The amount of HA was found to be statistically significantly enhanced in the acutely irradiated epidermis. The acute UV evinced the upregulation of HA synthases (HAS2 and HAS3), hyaluronidases (HYAL2 and HYAL3), Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), and Cell Migration Inducing Proteins (CEMIP and CEMIP2), while only certain changes were recapitulated in the 3D epidermis. For the first time, we demonstrated the enhanced gene and protein expression of CEMIP and CEMIP2 following UV irradiation in the human epidermis. The data suggest that the HA metabolism is affected by UV in the irradiated epidermis and that the response can be modulated by the underlying dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Šínová
- Contipro a.s, Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Martin Ondrej
- Contipro a.s, Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Fayyad-Kazan M, Kobaisi F, Nasrallah A, Matarrese P, Fitoussi R, Bourgoin-Voillard S, Seve M, Rachidi W. Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation and Benzo[a]pyrene Co-Exposure on Skin Biology: Autophagy as a Potential Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065863. [PMID: 36982934 PMCID: PMC10056937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the outermost protective barrier of the human body. Its role is to protect against different physical, chemical, biological and environmental stressors. The vast majority of studies have focused on investigating the effects of single environmental stressors on skin homeostasis and the induction of several skin disorders, such as cancer or ageing. On the other hand, much fewer studies have explored the consequences of the co-exposure of skin cells to two or more stressors simultaneously, which is much more realistic. In the present study, we investigated, using mass-spectrometry-based proteomic analysis, the dysregulated biological functions in skin explants after their co-exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). We observed that several biological processes were dysregulated, among which autophagy appeared to be significantly downregulated. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out to validate the downregulation of the autophagy process further. Altogether, the output of this study provides an insight into the biological responses of skin to combined exposure to UV + BaP and highlights autophagy as a potential target that might be considered in the future as a novel candidate for pharmacological intervention under such stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The American University of Iraq-Baghdad (AUIB), Baghdad 10001, Iraq
| | - Farah Kobaisi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG-BGE UA13, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ali Nasrallah
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG-BGE UA13, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Richard Fitoussi
- Laboratoires Clarins, Centre de Recherche, 95000 Pontoise, France
| | | | - Michel Seve
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Walid Rachidi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG-BGE UA13, 38000 Grenoble, France
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6
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Zhao Q, Chen Y, Qu L. Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Different Responses to UVA and UVB Radiation in Human Keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:137-152. [PMID: 35638308 DOI: 10.1111/php.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is a major risk factor for many cutaneous pathologies including skin aging and cancers. Despite decades of research, the different responses to UVA and UVB in human keratinocytes have not been systemically investigated. Here, we performed multi-omics to characterize the common and different changes in gene transcription and protein expression after exposure to UVB and UVA, respectively. Keratinocyte cells, treated with or without UV, were analyzed by TMT-labeled MS/MS spectra and RNA-sequencing. A common set of genes/proteins was found to be impacted by both UVA and UVB and the other differential genes/proteins showed wavelength specificity. The common set of genes/proteins were mainly involved in keratinization, lipid metabolic processes and stimulus response. The UVB specifically responsive genes/proteins were mainly related to RNA processing, gene silencing regulation and cytoskeleton organization. The UVA specifically responsive genes/proteins were mainly involved in vesicle-mediated transport and oxygen-containing compound response. Meanwhile, the hub differential genes/proteins in each set were identified by protein-protein interaction networks and cluster analysis. This work provided a global view of the similar and differential molecular mechanisms of UVB- and UVA-induced cell damage in keratinocytes, which would be beneficial for further studies in the prevention or treatment of UV-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Zhao
- Characteristic Plants Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- Characteristic Plants Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Liping Qu
- Characteristic Plants Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China.,Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
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7
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Schavinski CR, Santos MBD, Londero JEL, Rocha MCD, Amaral AMBD, Ruiz NQ, Leandro GDS, Loro VL, Schuch AP. Effects of isolated and combined exposures of Boana curupi (Anura: Hylidae) tadpoles to environmental doses of trichlorfon and ultraviolet radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 883-884:503549. [PMID: 36462791 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The biodiversity collapse strongly affects the amphibian group and many factors have been pointed out as catalytic agents. It is estimated that several events in the amphibian population decline worldwide may have been caused by the interaction of multiple drivers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the stressful effects of the exposure to environmental doses of trichlorfon (TCF) pesticide (0.5 μg/L; and an additional 100-fold concentration of 50 µg/L) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) (184.0 kJ/m² of UVA and 3.4 kJ/m² of UVB, which correspond to 5% of the daily dose) in tadpoles of the Boana curupi species (Anura: Hylidae). The isolated and combined exposures to TCF happened within 24 h of acute treatments under laboratory-controlled conditions. In the combined treatments, we adopted three different moments (M) of tadpole irradiation from the beginning of the exposures to TCF (0 h - M1; 12 h - M2; and 24 h - M3). Then, we evaluated tadpole survival, change in morphological characters, induction of apoptotic cells, lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC), glutathione S-transferase (GST), non-protein thiols (NPSH), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as the induction of genomic DNA (gDNA) damage. UVB treatment alone resulted in high mortality, along with a high level of apoptosis induction. Both UVA, UVB, and TCF increased LPO, PC, and AChE, while decreased GST activity. Regarding co-exposures, the most striking effect was observed in the interaction between UVB and TCF, which surprisingly decreased UVB-induced tadpole mortality, apoptosis, and gDNA damage. These results reinforce the B. curupi sensitivity to solar UVB radiation and indicate a complex response in face of UVB interaction with TCF, which may be related to activation of DNA repair pathways and/or inhibition of apoptosis, decreasing UVB-induced tadpole mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassiano Ricardo Schavinski
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Beux Dos Santos
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - James Eduardo Lago Londero
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Carvalho da Rocha
- Post-Graduation Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Monique Blank do Amaral
- Post-Graduation Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Quintero Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana da Silva Leandro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - André Passaglia Schuch
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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8
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The Impact of Oxidative Stress and AKT Pathway on Cancer Cell Functions and Its Application to Natural Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091845. [PMID: 36139919 PMCID: PMC9495789 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) are responsible for regulating several cell functions of cancer cells. Several natural products modulate both oxidative stress and AKT for anticancer effects. However, the impact of natural product-modulating oxidative stress and AKT on cell functions lacks systemic understanding. Notably, the contribution of regulating cell functions by AKT downstream effectors is not yet well integrated. This review explores the role of oxidative stress and AKT pathway (AKT/AKT effectors) on ten cell functions, including apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial morphogenesis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, DNA damage response, senescence, migration, and cell-cycle progression. The impact of oxidative stress and AKT are connected to these cell functions through cell function mediators. Moreover, the AKT effectors related to cell functions are integrated. Based on this rationale, natural products with the modulating abilities for oxidative stress and AKT pathway exhibit the potential to regulate these cell functions, but some were rarely reported, particularly for AKT effectors. This review sheds light on understanding the roles of oxidative stress and AKT pathway in regulating cell functions, providing future directions for natural products in cancer treatment.
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Goyal K, Goel H, Baranwal P, Dixit A, Khan F, Jha NK, Kesari KK, Pandey P, Pandey A, Benjamin M, Maurya A, Yadav V, Sinh RS, Tanwar P, Upadhyay TK, Mittan S. Unravelling the molecular mechanism of mutagenic factors impacting human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61993-62013. [PMID: 34410595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental mutagens are chemical and physical substances in the environment that has a potential to induce a wide range of mutations and generate multiple physiological, biochemical, and genetic modifications in humans. Most mutagens are having genotoxic effects on the following generation through germ cells. The influence of germinal mutations on health will be determined by their frequency, nature, and the mechanisms that keep a specific mutation in the population. Early prenatal lethal mutations have less public health consequences than genetic illnesses linked with long-term medical and social difficulties. Physical and chemical mutagens are common mutagens found in the environment. These two environmental mutagens have been associated with multiple neurological disorders and carcinogenesis in humans. Thus in this study, we aim to unravel the molecular mechanism of physical mutagens (UV rays, X-rays, gamma rays), chemical mutagens (dimethyl sulfate (DMS), bisphenol A (BPA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 5-chlorocytosine (5ClC)), and several heavy metals (Ar, Pb, Al, Hg, Cd, Cr) implicated in DNA damage, carcinogenesis, chromosomal abnormalities, and oxidative stress which leads to multiple disorders and impacting human health. Biological tests for mutagen detection are crucial; therefore, we also discuss several approaches (Ames test and Mutatox test) to estimate mutagenic factors in the environment. The potential risks of environmental mutagens impacting humans require a deeper basic knowledge of human genetics as well as ongoing research on humans, animals, and their tissues and fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Goyal
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pritika Baranwal
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Aman Dixit
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Avanish Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mercilena Benjamin
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Maurya
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana Suryauday Sinh
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Maharaja Sayajirao University, Baroda, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences & Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Department of Cardiology, Ichan School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
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Hyperoside and Quercitrin in Houttuynia cordata Extract Attenuate UVB-Induced Human Keratinocyte Cell Damage and Oxidative Stress via Modulation of MAPKs and Akt Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020221. [PMID: 35204104 PMCID: PMC8868276 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is a major environmental harmful factor on human skin. In this paper, we investigate the potential mechanism of Houttuynia cordata extract on UVB-induced HaCaT keratinocyte cell death and inflammation. We found that Houttuynia cordata ethyl acetate extract fraction (HC-EA) protected against UVB-induced cell damage. The HPLC results indicate that quercitrin and hyperoside are the major polyphenolics in HC-EA and are responsible for providing protection against UVB-induced cell death. These responses were associated with the regulation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, which rescued HaCaT cells from UVB-induced apoptosis. In addition, HC-EA, quercitrin, and hyperoside attenuated UVB-induced inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, and iNOS. Furthermore, the treatment of cells with HC-EA and its active compounds abolished intracellular ROS and increased levels of heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase. UVB-induced ROS production mediated Akt and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways, including p38, ERK, and JNK. Our results show HC-EA, quercitrin, and hyperoside decreased UVB-induced p38 and JNK phosphorylation, while increasing ERK and Akt phosphorylation. MAPKs and Akt mediated cell survival and death were confirmed by specific inhibitors to Akt and MAPKs. Thus, HC-EA, which contains quercitrin and hyperoside, protected keratinocyte from UVB-induced oxidative damage and inflammation through the modulation of MAPKs and Akt signaling.
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11
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Artyukhov VG, Basharina OV. Modern Ideas about the Mechanisms of Action of Ultraviolet Radiation on Cells and Subcellular Systems. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021120025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Chung BY, Park SH, Yun SY, Yu DS, Lee YB. Astaxanthin Protects Ultraviolet B-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Human Keratinocytes via Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway. Ann Dermatol 2022; 34:125-131. [PMID: 35450317 PMCID: PMC8989909 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2022.34.2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet radiation causes skin damage due to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory intermediates and direct attack of DNA of skin cells. Astaxanthin is a reddish pigment that belongs to a group of chemicals called carotenoids and has protective effects as an antioxidant. Objective To determine the beneficial effects of astaxanthin on damaged human skin after exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Methods Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were pre-treated with astaxanthin for 24 hours and exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. After 24 hours, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay measured cell viability, ROS assay and flow cytometry analysis assessed apoptosis, and western blotting was performed to determine expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Results Astaxanthin significantly inhibited UVB-induced NHEKs cytotoxicity. Pretreatment of NHEKs with astaxanthin reduced UVB-induced ROS production. Astaxanthin caused significant inhibition of UVB-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by flow cytometry analysis and western blotting. Conclusion These results suggest that astaxanthine has a beneficial effect of reducing damage caused by UVB by effectively inhibiting cell death and reducing ROS production in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bom Yee Chung
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Park
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - So Yeon Yun
- Department of Dermatology, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Young Bok Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
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13
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Adams AC, Macy AM, Saboda K, Dickinson SE, Glembocki DJ, Roe DJ, Hastings KT. Solar Simulated Light Induces Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Inbred Mice: A Clinically Relevant Model to Investigate T-Cell Responses. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2990-2993.e6. [PMID: 34252399 PMCID: PMC9261959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anngela C Adams
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine - Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Anne M Macy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine - Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Sally E Dickinson
- Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine - Tucson, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - David J Glembocki
- US Dermatology Partners Pathology Laboratory, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Denise J Roe
- Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Karen Taraszka Hastings
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine - Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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14
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Zajdel K, Kucharska E, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel R. The Modulatory Influence of Plant-Derived Compounds on Human Keratinocyte Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12488. [PMID: 34830374 PMCID: PMC8618348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom is a rich source of secondary metabolites with numerous properties, including the potential to modify keratinocyte biology. Keratinocytes are important epithelial cells that play a protective role against various chemical, physical and biological stimuli, and participate in reactive oxygen scavenging and inflammation and wound healing processes. The epidermal cell response may be modulated by phytochemicals via changes in signal transduction pathways. Plant extracts and single secondary compounds can possess a high antioxidant capacity and may suppress reactive oxygen species release, inhibit pro-apoptotic proteins and apoptosis and activate antioxidant enzymes in keratinocytes. Moreover, selected plant extracts and single compounds also exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and exposure may result in limited production of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in keratinocytes. In addition, plant extracts and single compounds may promote keratinocyte motility and proliferation via the regulation of growth factor production and enhance wound healing. While such plant compounds may modulate keratinocyte functions, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed on their mechanisms of action, and more specific toxicity and clinical studies are needed to ensure their effectiveness and safety for use on human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Chair of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Social Work at the Faculty of Pedagogy, Ignatianum Academy in Cracow, 31-501 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
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15
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Cicek D, Demir B, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Ozercan IH, Sahin N, Komorowski J, Ojalvo SP, Sylla S, Sahin K. The Protective Effects of a Combination of an Arginine Silicate Complex and Magnesium Biotinate Against UV-Induced Skin Damage in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:657207. [PMID: 34220502 PMCID: PMC8250765 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.657207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of a novel combination of inositol-stabilized arginine silicate complex (ASI) and magnesium biotinate (MgB) on the prevention of skin damage after UVB exposure in rats. Forty-nine Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into one of the following groups: (1) NC, normal control, (2) SC, shaved control, (3) UVB (exposed to UVB radiation), (4) ASI+MgB-L (Low Dose), (5) ASI+MgB-H (High Dose), (6) ASI+MgB-L+MgB cream, (7) ASI+MgB-H+MgB cream. The results showed that ASI+MgB treatment alleviated the macroscopic and histopathological damages in the skin of rats caused by UVB exposure. Skin elasticity evaluation showed a similar trend. ASI+MgB increased serum Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Si, biotin, and arginine concentrations and skin hydroxyproline and biotinidase levels while decreasing skin elastase activity (p < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p < 0.001). Moreover, ASI+MgB treatment increased skin levels of biotin-dependent carboxylases (ACC1, ACC2, PC, PCC, MCC) and decreased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways and matrix metalloproteinase protein levels by the regulation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1), and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways. In addition, ASI+MgB caused lower levels of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, NFκB, IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 in the skin samples (p < 0.05). The levels of Bax and caspase-3 were increased, while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased by UVB exposure, which was reversed by ASI+MgB treatment. These results show that treatment with ASI and MgB protects against skin damage by improving skin appearance, elasticity, inflammation, apoptosis, and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Cicek
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Betul Demir
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - James Komorowski
- Research and Development, JDS Therapeutics, LLC, Harrison, NY, United States
| | - Sara Perez Ojalvo
- Research and Development, JDS Therapeutics, LLC, Harrison, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Sylla
- Research and Development, JDS Therapeutics, LLC, Harrison, NY, United States
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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16
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Mercurio L, Albanesi C, Madonna S. Recent Updates on the Involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Molecular Cascade in the Pathogenesis of Hyperproliferative Skin Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:665647. [PMID: 33996865 PMCID: PMC8119789 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.665647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PhosphoInositide-3 Kinase (PI3K) represents a family of different classes of kinases which control multiple biological processes in mammalian cells, such as cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Class IA PI3Ks, the main regulators of proliferative signals, consists of a catalytic subunit (α, β, δ) that binds p85 regulatory subunit and mediates activation of AKT and mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathways and regulation of downstream effectors. Dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in skin contributes to several pathological conditions characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, including skin cancers, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis (AD). Among cutaneous cancers, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) display PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling hyperactivation, implicated in hyperproliferation, and tumorigenesis, as well as in resistance to apoptosis. Upregulation of mTOR signaling proteins has also been reported in psoriasis, in association with enhanced proliferation, defective keratinocyte differentiation, senescence-like growth arrest, and resistance to apoptosis, accounting for major parts of the overall disease phenotypes. On the contrary, PI3K/AKT/mTOR role in AD is less characterized, even though recent evidence demonstrates the relevant function for mTOR pathway in the regulation of epidermal barrier formation and stratification. In this review, we provide the most recent updates on the role and function of PI3K/AKT/mTOR molecular axis in the pathogenesis of different hyperproliferative skin disorders, and highlights on the current status of preclinical and clinical studies on PI3K-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercurio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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17
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Terazawa S, Takada M, Sato Y, Nakajima H, Imokawa G. The Attenuated Secretion of Hyaluronan by UVA-Exposed Human Fibroblasts Is Associated with Up- and Downregulation of HYBID and HAS2 Expression via Activated and Inactivated Signaling of the p38/ATF2 and JAK2/STAT3 Cascades. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042057. [PMID: 33669634 PMCID: PMC7922819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects on hyaluronan (HA) metabolism of UVA radiation. This study demonstrates that the secretion of HA by human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is downregulated by UVA, accompanied by the down- and upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of the HA-synthesizing enzyme (HAS2) and the HA-degrading protein, HYaluronan Binding protein Involved in HA Depolymerization(HYBID), respectively. Signaling analysis revealed that the exposure distinctly elicits activation of the p38/MSK1/CREB/c-Fos/AP-1 axis, the JNK/c-Jun axis, and the p38/ATF-2 axis, but downregulates the phosphorylation of NF-kB and JAK/STAT3. A signal inhibition study demonstrated that the inhibition of p38 significantly abrogates the UVA-accentuated mRNA level of HYBID. Furthermore, the inhibition of STAT3 significantly downregulates the level of HAS2 mRNA in non-UVA exposed HDFs. Analysis using siRNAs demonstrated that transfection of ATF-2 siRNA but not c-Fos siRNA abrogates the increased protein level of HYBID in UVA-exposed HDFs. An inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase but not of protein serine/threonine phosphatase restored the diminished phosphorylation level of STAT3 at Tyr 705, accompanied by a significant abolishing effect on the decreased mRNA expression level of HAS2. Silencing with a protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-Meg2 siRNA revealed that it abrogates the decreased phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr 705 in UVA-exposed HDFs. These findings suggest that the UVA-induced decrease in HA secretion by HDFs is attributable to the down- and upregulation of HAS2 and HYBID expression, respectively, changes that are mainly ascribed to the inactivated signaling of the STAT3 axis due to the activated tyrosine protein phosphatase PTP-Meg2 and the activated signaling of the p38/ATF2 axis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Terazawa
- Center for Bioscience Research & Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mariko Takada
- Center for Bioscience Research & Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yoriko Sato
- Center for Bioscience Research & Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hiroaki Nakajima
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan;
| | - Genji Imokawa
- Center for Bioscience Research & Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-28-649-5282
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18
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De Cicco P, Busà R, Ercolano G, Formisano C, Allegra M, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Ianaro A. Inhibitory effects of cynaropicrin on human melanoma progression by targeting MAPK, NF-κB, and Nrf-2 signaling pathways in vitro. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1432-1442. [PMID: 33058354 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, due to its propensity to metastasize. MAPKs and NF-κB pathways are constitutively activated in melanoma and promote cell proliferation, cell invasion, metastasis formation, and resistance to therapeutic regimens. Thus, they represent potential targets for melanoma prevention and treatment. Phytochemicals are gaining considerable attention for the management of melanoma because of their several cellular and molecular targets. A screening of a small library of sesquiterpenes lactones selected cynaropicrin, isolated from the aerial parts of Centaurea drabifolia subsp. detonsa, for its potential anticancer effect against melanoma cells. Treatment of human melanoma cells A375 with cynaropicrin resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, cynaropicrin reduced several cellular malignant features such migration, invasion, and colonies formation through the inhibition of ERK1/2 and NF-κB activity. Cynaropicrin was able to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, which are involved in all the stages of carcinogenesis. Indeed, cynaropicrin increased the expression of several antioxidant genes, such as glutamate-cysteine ligase and heme oxygenase-1, by promoting the activation of the transcription factor Nrf-2. In conclusion, our results individuate cynaropicrin as a potential adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for melanoma by targeting several protumorigenic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Cicco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalia Busà
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Formisano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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19
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Hernandez DF, Cervantes EL, Luna-Vital DA, Mojica L. Food-derived bioactive compounds with anti-aging potential for nutricosmetic and cosmeceutical products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3740-3755. [PMID: 32772550 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1805407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Besides providing essential nutrients for humans, food contains bioactive compounds that exert diverse biological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-cancerogenic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The cosmetic industry is interested in natural bioactive compounds for their use in nutricosmetic and cosmeceutical products. These products aimed to reduce skin aging, inflammation or provide photoprotection against UV radiation. As a result, nutricosmetics and cosmeceuticals are becoming innovative self-care products in the beauty market. These products contain phytochemicals as active compounds obtained from fruits, vegetables, legumes, medicinal herbs and plants with anti-aging potential. This review summarizes the information within the last 5 years related to bioactive compounds present in fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices commonly used for human consumption. Their antioxidant and biological potential for modulating molecular markers involved in the aging process, as well as their mechanism of action. Diverse natural foods and their byproducts could be used as a source of bioactive compounds for developing cosmeceutical and nutricosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fonseca Hernandez
- Tecnología Alimentaria. Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. CIATEJ, Unidad Zapopan, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Eugenia Lugo Cervantes
- Tecnología Alimentaria. Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. CIATEJ, Unidad Zapopan, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Diego A Luna-Vital
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Department of Bioengineering and Science, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Luis Mojica
- Tecnología Alimentaria. Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. CIATEJ, Unidad Zapopan, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
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20
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Cannabidiol protects keratinocyte cell membranes following exposure to UVB and hydrogen peroxide. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101613. [PMID: 32863232 PMCID: PMC7327251 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes, the major cell type of the epidermis, are particularly sensitive to environmental factors including exposure to sunlight and chemical agents. Since oxidative stress may arise as a result of these factors, compounds are actively sought that can act as protective agents. Recently, cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid found in Cannabis Sativa L., has gained increased interest due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and absence of psychoactive effects. This prompted us to analyze the protective effects of CBD on keratinocytes exposed to UVB irradiation and hydrogen peroxide. Here we show, using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, that CBD was able to penetrate keratinocytes, and accumulated within the cellular membrane. CBD reduced redox balance shift, towards oxidative stress, caused by exposure UVB/hydrogen peroxide, estimated by superoxide anion radical generation and total antioxidant status and consequently lipid peroxidation level. CBD was found to protect keratinocytes by preventing changes in the composition of the cellular membrane, associated with UVB/hydrogen peroxide damages which included reduced polyunsaturated fatty acid levels, increased sialic acid and lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostanes) levels. This maintains cell membranes integrity and prevents the release of lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, CBD prevented UVB/hydrogen peroxide-induced reduction of keratinocyte size and zeta potential, and also decreased activity of ATP-binding cassette membrane transporters. Together, these findings suggest that CBD could be a potential protective agent for keratinocytes against the harmful effects of irradiation and chemical environmental factors that cause oxidative stress. UVB/H2O2 stimulates keratinocytes membrane penetration by CBD. CBD protects cells against UVB/H2O2 induced redox imbalance. CBD maintains membrane integrity by preventing its component modifications. CBD decreases activity of ATP-binding cassette membrane transporters. CBD could be a potential keratinocytes protector against the harmful factors.
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21
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Gorgisen G, Ozkol H, Tuluce Y, Arslan A, Ecer Y, Keskin S, Kaya Z, Ragbetli MC. Silibinin and ellagic acid increase the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 protein in ultraviolet irradiated rat skin. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:641-646. [PMID: 32347127 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1753238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light induces inflammation and tumorigenesis in the skin. Silibinin and ellagic acid are natural products that exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties. Insulin receptor substrate protein 1 (IRS1) is important for skin homeostasis and physiology, but its activity following UV radiation remains unclear. We investigated the effects of ellagic acid and silibinin on IRS1 expression in ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiated rat skin. Forty-two female Wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups of seven animals. The dorsal skin of rats was exposed to UVA + UVB, then treated with ellagic acid and silibinin by gavage. IRS1 expression in skin tissues was determined by western blot analysis. IRS1 expression increased significantly following treatment with ellagic acid and silibinin in UVA + UVB irradiated skin compared to the UVA + UVB only group. After UVA + UVB treatment, ellagic acid effected greater induction of IRS1 expression than silibinin. Our findings suggest that the photoprotective roles of ellagic acid and silibinin may be due to induction of IRS1 expression in UVA + UVB treated rat skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gorgisen
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - H Ozkol
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - Y Tuluce
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - A Arslan
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - Y Ecer
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - S Keskin
- Department of Medical Histology and Embryology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - Z Kaya
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - M C Ragbetli
- Department of Medical Histology and Embryology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
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22
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Kim WO, Kim SA, Jung YA, Suh SI, Ryoo YW. Ultraviolet B Downregulated Aquaporin 1 Expression via the MEK/ERK pathway in the Dermal Fibroblasts. Ann Dermatol 2020; 32:213-222. [PMID: 33911740 PMCID: PMC7992625 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2020.32.3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is a transmembrane channel protein that allows rapid transposition of water and gases, in recent discoveries of AQP1 function involve cell proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, inflammation and infection in different cell types, suggesting that AQP1 plays key roles in diverse biologic process. Until now, less is known about the function of AQP1 on ultraviolet radiation induced photoaged skin. Objective In this study we set out to examine whether AQP1 expression may be influenced by repeated irradiation of ultraviolet B (UVB) in cultured dermal fibroblasts. Methods To elucidate the function of AQP1 in skin photoaging, human dermal fibroblasts (HS68) were irradiated by a series of 4 sub-cytotoxic doses of UVB which are known as UV-induced cell premature senescence model. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were conducted to detect AQP1 expression from different groups. Then, cells were transfected with AQP1-targeting small interfering RNA. The activities of signaling proteins upon UVB irradiation were investigated to determine which pathways are involved in AQP1 expression. Results AQP1 expression was increased by 100 mJ/cm2 of UVB irradiation, but decreased by 200 mJ/cm2. Depletion of the AQP1 increased the apoptotic sensitivity of cells to UVB, as judged by upregulation of the p53, p21, poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase and Bax together with the increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio. UVB induced downregulation of AQP1 was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with the MEK/ERK inhibitor (PD98059). Conclusion We concluded that AQP1 expression was down-regulated by repeated exposure of UVB via MEK/ERK activation pathways. The AQP1 reduction by UVB lead to changes of physiological functions in dermal fibroblasts, which might be associated with the occurrence and development of UVB induced photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Oh Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Medical Science, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung-Ae Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Medical Science, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yun-A Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Medical Science, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Suh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Medical Science, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young-Wook Ryoo
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Medical Science, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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23
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Wang X, Hong H, Wu J. Hen collagen hydrolysate alleviates UVA-induced damage in human dermal fibroblasts. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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24
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Wang PW, Hung YC, Lin TY, Fang JY, Yang PM, Chen MH, Pan TL. Comparison of the Biological Impact of UVA and UVB upon the Skin with Functional Proteomics and Immunohistochemistry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120569. [PMID: 31756938 PMCID: PMC6943602 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin provides protection against external stimuli; however, solar radiation, including ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB), can result in profound influences on skin structure and function, which eventually impairs its molecular characteristics and normal physiology. In the current study, we performed proteome tools combined with an immunohistological approach on nude mouse skin to evaluate the adverse responses elicited by UVA and UVB irradiation, respectively. Our findings indicated that UVA significantly promotes oxidative damage in DNA, the breakdown of collagen fiber in the dermis, and the apoptosis of fibroblasts, which leads to inflammation. Meanwhile, UVB administration was found to enhance the carbonylation of various proteins and the proliferation of keratinocyte. Particularly, raspberry extract, which has been confirmed to have antioxidative efficacy, could effectively attenuate ultraviolet (UV) radiation-caused cell death. Network analysis also implied that UVA and UVB induce quite different responses, and that UVA results in cell death as well as inflammation mediated by caspase-3 and activator protein 1/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (AP-1/NF-κB), while UVB predominantly increases the risk of skin carcinogenesis involved with oncogenes such as p53 and c-Myc. Taken together, functional proteomics coordinated with histological experiments could allow for a high-throughput study to explore the alterations of crucial proteins and molecules linked to skin impacts subjected to UVA and UVB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chiang Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Ming Yang
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33375, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5105); Fax: +886-3-211-8700
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25
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Takshak S, Agrawal SB. Defense potential of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants under UV-B stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:51-88. [PMID: 30818154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has, for many decades now, been widely studied with respect to its consequences on plant and animal health. Though according to NASA, the ozone hole is on its way to recovery, it will still be a considerable time before UV-B levels reach pre-industrial limits. Thus, for the present, excessive UV-B reaching the Earth is a cause for concern, and UV-B related human ailments are on the rise. Plants produce various secondary metabolites as one of the defense strategies under UV-B. They provide photoprotection via their UV-B screening effects and by quenching the reactive oxygen- and nitrogen species produced under UV-B influence. These properties of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are being increasingly recognized and made use of in sunscreens and cosmetics, and pharma- and nutraceuticals are gradually becoming a part of the regular diet. Secondary metabolites derived from medicinal plants (alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics) are a source of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, as well as more rigorously tested and regulated drugs. These metabolites have been implicated in providing protection not only to plants under the influence of UV-B, but also to animals/animal cell lines, when the innate defenses in the latter are not adequate under UV-B-induced damage. The present review focuses on the defense potential of secondary metabolites derived from medicinal plants in both plants and animals. In plants, the concentrations of the alkaloids, terpenes/terpenoids, and phenolics have been discussed under UV-B irradiation as well as the fate of the genes and enzymes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. Their role in providing protection to animal models subjected to UV-B has been subsequently elucidated. Finally, we discuss the possible futuristic scenarios and implications for plant, animal, and human health pertaining to the defense potential of these secondary metabolites under UV-B radiation-mediated damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swabha Takshak
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - S B Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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26
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Chhabra G, Garvey DR, Singh CK, Mintie CA, Ahmad N. Effects and Mechanism of Nicotinamide Against UVA- and/or UVB-mediated DNA Damages in Normal Melanocytes. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:331-337. [PMID: 30102774 DOI: 10.1111/php.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma incidences are increasing rapidly, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is believed to be its major contributing factor. UV exposure causes DNA damage in skin which may initiate cutaneous skin cancers including melanoma. Melanoma arises from melanocytes, the melanin-producing skin cells, following genetic dysregulations resulting into hyperproliferative phenotype and neoplastic transformation. Both UVA and UVB exposures to the skin are believed to trigger melanocytic hyperplasia and melanomagenesis. Melanocytes by themselves are deficient in repair of oxidative DNA damage and UV-induced photoproducts. Nicotinamide, an active form of vitamin B3 and a critical component of the human body's defense system has been shown to prevent certain cancers including nonmelanoma skin cancers. However, the mechanism of nicotinamide's protective effects is not well understood. Here, we investigated potential protective effects and mechanism of nicotinamide against UVA- and/or UVB- induced damage in normal human epidermal melanocytes. Our data demonstrated an appreciable protective effect of nicotinamide against UVA- and/or UVB- induced DNA damage in melanocytes by decreasing both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. We found that the photoprotective response of nicotinamide was associated with the activation of nucleotide excision repair genes and NRF2 signaling. Further studies are needed to validate our findings in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Debra R Garvey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI
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27
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Gao LX, Bian C, Wu Y, Nisar MF, Chen S, Li CM, Yu L, Ji P, Huang E, Zhong JL. Label-free electrochemical sensor to investigate the effect of tocopherol on generation of superoxide ions following UV irradiation. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:17. [PMID: 30220911 PMCID: PMC6134779 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggered by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), is associated with carcinogenesis of the skin. UV irradiation induced superoxide anion (O2•−) is the key ROS involved in the cellular damage. The cytoprotective efficacy of an unknown anti-oxidant compound can be evaluated by analyzing the production of O2•− from treated cells. Methods In this study, a glass carbon electrode functionalized with nanotube@DNA-Mn3(PO4)2 composite was applied to quantitative determination of generation of highly unstable O2•− from the melanoma A375 cell line following UVR(UV, UVA and UVB). In addition, the cytoprotective efficacy of anti-oxidant α-tocopherol was evaluated by quantifying the production of O2•−. Results The results showed that, UVR triggers generation of O2•− in melanoma A375 cells, and α-tocopherol is effective in diminishing the production of O2•− following UV irradiation. By comparing the conventional cell-survival assays results, we found that our simple and quick electrochemical sensing method can quantify O2•− generation through the biological activity of an anti-oxidant compound (α-tocopherol). Conclusion Our label-free electrochemical quantification method for ROS (O2•− major) in cells facing UVR stress demonstrates its potential application for high-throughput screening of anti-oxidation compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xia Gao
- 1College of Bioengineering & School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China.,2Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Chunxiang Bian
- 1College of Bioengineering & School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Yan Wu
- 1College of Bioengineering & School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- 1College of Bioengineering & School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - Shida Chen
- 1College of Bioengineering & School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- 2Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Ling Yu
- 2Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Municipal Key laboratory of oral diseases and biomedical sciences, Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147 China
| | - Enyi Huang
- Chongqing Municipal Key laboratory of oral diseases and biomedical sciences, Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147 China
| | - Julia Li Zhong
- 1College of Bioengineering & School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China.,Chongqing Municipal Key laboratory of oral diseases and biomedical sciences, Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147 China
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28
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Shirato K, Koda T, Takanari J, Ogasawara J, Sakurai T, Ohno H, Kizaki T. ETAS®50 Attenuates Ultraviolet-B-Induced Interleukin-6 Expression by Suppressing Akt Phosphorylation in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:1547120. [PMID: 30108645 PMCID: PMC6077605 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1547120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that ETAS 50, a standardized extract from the Asparagus officinalis stem, exerted anti-inflammatory effects on ultraviolet-B- (UV-B-) irradiated normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB p65 nuclear import and the resulting interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression. To further elucidate the antiphotoaging potency of ETAS 50, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects on UV-B-irradiated NHDFs by focusing on the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt signaling pathways. NHDFs were treated with 1 mg/mL of ETAS 50 or dextrin (vehicle control) after UV-B irradiation (20 mJ/cm2) for different time periods. Phosphorylation levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, and Akt were analyzed by western blotting. IL-6 mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. UV-B-irradiated NHDFs showed increased phosphorylation levels of JNK, p38 MAPK, and Akt, as well as increased mRNA levels of IL-6. ETAS 50 treatment after UV-B irradiation suppressed the increased phosphorylation levels of Akt without affecting those of JNK and p38 MAPK. ETAS 50 as well as Akt inhibitor Perifosine repressed UV-B irradiation-induced IL-6 mRNA expression. These results suggest that ETAS 50 treatment represses UV-B irradiation-induced IL-6 expression by suppressing Akt phosphorylation. The present findings demonstrate the potential of ETAS 50 to prevent photoaging by attenuating UV-B irradiation-induced proinflammatory responses in skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shirato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tomoko Koda
- Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8558, Japan
| | - Jun Takanari
- Amino Up Chemical Co. Ltd., 363-32 Shin-ei, Kiyota, Sapporo, Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | - Junetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Social Medical Corporation, The Yamatokai Foundation, 1-13-12 Nangai, Higashiyamato, Tokyo 207-0014, Japan
| | - Takako Kizaki
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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29
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Niculiţe CM, Nechifor MT, Urs AO, Olariu L, Ceafalan LC, Leabu M. Keratinocyte Motility Is Affected by UVA Radiation-A Comparison between Normal and Dysplastic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1700. [PMID: 29880745 PMCID: PMC6032280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
UVA radiation induces multiple and complex changes in the skin, affecting epidermal cell behavior. This study reports the effects of UVA exposure on normal (HaCaT) and dysplastic (DOK) keratinocytes. The adherence, spreading and proliferation were investigated by time-lapse measurement of cell layer impedance on different matrix proteins. Prior to UVA exposure, the time required for adherence and spreading did not differ significantly for HaCaT and DOK cells, while spreading areas were larger for HaCaT cells. Under UVA exposure, HaCaT and DOK cells behavior differed in terms of movement and proliferation. The cells' ability to cover the denuded surface and individual cell trajectories were recorded by time-lapse videomicroscopy, during wound healing experiments. Dysplastic keratinocytes showed more sensitivity to UVA, exhibiting transient deficiencies in directionality of movement and a delay in re-coating the denuded area. The actin cytoskeleton displayed a cortical organization immediately after irradiation, in both cell lines, similar to mock-irradiated cells. Post-irradiation, DOK cells displayed a better organization of stress fibers, persistent filopodia, and new, stronger focal contacts. In conclusion, after UVA exposure HaCaT and DOK cells showed a different behavior in terms of adherence, spreading, motility, proliferation, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, with the dyplastic keratinocytes being more sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Niculiţe
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8, Blvd. Eroilor Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Marina T Nechifor
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95, Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Andreea O Urs
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Laura Olariu
- SC Biotehnos SA, 3-5, Gorunului Street, 075100 Otopeni, Romania.
| | - Laura C Ceafalan
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8, Blvd. Eroilor Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mircea Leabu
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8, Blvd. Eroilor Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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30
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Genç H, Barutca B, Koparal AT, Özöğüt U, Şahin Y, Suvacı E. Biocompatibility of designed MicNo-ZnO particles: Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and phototoxicity in human skin keratinocyte cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:238-248. [PMID: 29223573 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, designed platelet shaped micron particles that are composed of nano primary particles, called MicNo (=Micron+naNo) particles, have been developed to exploit the benefits of nano size, while removing the adverse effects of nanoparticles. It has been shown that MicNo-ZnO particles exhibit both micron and nanosized particle characteristics. Although physical and chemical properties of MicNo-ZnO particles have been studied, their biocompatibility has not yet been evaluated. Accordingly, the research objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and phototoxicity behaviors of designed MicNo-ZnO particles over human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. MicNo-ZnO particles exhibit much less cytotoxicity with IC50 concentrations between 40 and 50μg/ml, genotoxicity above 40μg/ml and lower photo genotoxicity under UVA on HaCaT than the ZnO nanoparticles. Although their chemistries are the same, the source of this difference in toxicity values may be attributed to size differences between the particles that are probably due to their ability to penetrate into the cells. In the present study, the expansive and detailed in vitro toxicity tests show that the biocompatibility of MicNo-ZnO particles is much better than that of the ZnO nanoparticles. Consequently, MicNo-ZnO particles can be considered an important active ingredient alternative for sunscreen applications due to their safer characteristics with respect to ZnO nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Genç
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Banu Barutca
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - A Tansu Koparal
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Uğurcan Özöğüt
- Anadolu University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yücel Şahin
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ender Suvacı
- Anadolu University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey.
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31
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Matic I, Revandkar A, Chen J, Bisio A, Dall'Acqua S, Cocetta V, Brun P, Mancino G, Milanese M, Mattei M, Montopoli M, Alimonti A. Identification of Salvia haenkei as gerosuppressant agent by using an integrated senescence-screening assay. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3223-3240. [PMID: 27922821 PMCID: PMC5270665 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that is the causative process of aging. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is implicated in the control of cellular senescence and inhibitors of this pathway have been successfully used for life span prolongation experiments in mammals. PTEN is the major regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and loss of PTEN promotes a senescence response termed PICS. Here we report a novel-screening assay, for the identification of compounds that block different types of senescence response. By testing a library of more than 3000 natural and chemical compounds in PTEN deficient cells we have found that an extract from Salvia haenkei (SH), a native plant of Bolivia is a potent inhibitor of PICS. SH also decreases replicative and UV-mediated senescence in human primary fibroblasts and in a model of in vitro reconstructed human epidermis. Mechanistically, SH treatment affects senescence driven by UV by interfering with IL1-α signalling. Pre-clinical and clinical testing of this extract by performing toxicity and irritability evaluation in vitro also demonstrate the safety of SH extract for clinical use as anti-aging skin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Matic
- Laboratory for Research and Development in Aging, Atrahasis S.r.l., 00189 Rome, Italy.,Research Center, San Pietro "Fatebenefratelli", 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Ajinkya Revandkar
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona CH 6500, Switzerland
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona CH 6500, Switzerland
| | - Angela Bisio
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Cocetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mancino
- Research Center, San Pietro "Fatebenefratelli", 00189 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Mattei
- Animal Technology Facility of University Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Laboratory for Research and Development in Aging, Atrahasis S.r.l., 00189 Rome, Italy.,Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona CH 6500, Switzerland
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32
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Skalniak L, Smejda M, Cierniak A, Adamczyk A, Konieczny P, Madej E, Wolnicka-Glubisz A. p38 but not p53 is responsible for UVA-induced MCPIP1 expression. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 172:96-106. [PMID: 29103983 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
MCPIP1 (Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Induced Protein) is an important regulator of inflammation and cell apoptosis, but its role in UVA-induced stress response in the epidermis has never been studied. We have found that moderate apoptosis-inducing dose of UVA (27J/cm2) increases the level of MCPIP1 expression in HaCaT cells and normal human keratinocytes (NHEK) within 6-9h after the treatment. MCPIP1 upregulation was dependent on the induction of p38, but not p53, as demonstrated by using p38 inhibitor SB203580 and p53 inducer RG7388, respectively. This increase was also blocked by antioxidants (α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid), suggesting the involvement of MCPIP1 in UVA-induced oxidative stress response. Si-RNA-mediated down-regulation of MCPIP1 expression in HaCaT cells resulted in increased sensitivity to UVA-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. This was accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of p53 and p38 in MCPIP1-silenced cells following UVA irradiation. The activation of p38 in response to low doses of ultraviolet radiation was postulated to be protective for p53-inactive cells. Therefore, MCPIP1 may favor the survival of p53-defective HaCaT cells by sustaining the activation of p38. This creates a loop of mutual positive regulation between p38 and MCPIP1 protein in HaCaT cells, providing the protection against the consequences of UVA irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Smejda
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cierniak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Adamczyk
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczny
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Madej
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Dependent Signalling Pathways in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070086. [PMID: 28696382 PMCID: PMC5532622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) derives from keratinocytes in the epidermis and accounts for 15–20% of all cutaneous malignancies. Although it is usually curable by surgery, 5% of these tumours metastasise leading to poor prognosis mostly because of a lack of therapies and validated biomarkers. As the incidence rate is rising worldwide it has become increasingly important to better understand the mechanisms involved in cSCC development and progression in order to develop therapeutic strategies. Here we discuss some of the evidence indicating that activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks)-dependent signalling pathways (in particular the PI3Ks targets Akt and mTOR) has a key role in cSCC. We further discuss available data suggesting that inhibition of these pathways can be beneficial to counteract the disease. With the growing number of different inhibitors currently available, it would be important to further investigate the specific contribution of distinct components of the PI3Ks/Akt/mTOR pathways in order to identify the most promising molecular targets and the best strategy to inhibit cSCC.
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Molecular signaling cascades involved in nonmelanoma skin carcinogenesis. Biochem J 2017; 473:2973-94. [PMID: 27679857 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer worldwide and the incidence continues to rise, in part due to increasing numbers in high-risk groups such as organ transplant recipients and those taking photosensitizing medications. The most significant risk factor for NMSC is ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight, specifically UVB, which is the leading cause of DNA damage, photoaging, and malignant transformation in the skin. Activation of apoptosis following UVR exposure allows the elimination of irreversibly damaged cells that may harbor oncogenic mutations. However, UVR also activates signaling cascades that promote the survival of these potentially cancerous cells, resulting in tumor initiation. Thus, the UVR-induced stress response in the skin is multifaceted and requires coordinated activation of numerous pathways controlling DNA damage repair, inflammation, and kinase-mediated signal transduction that lead to either cell survival or cell death. This review focuses on the central signaling mechanisms that respond to UVR and the subsequent cellular changes. Given the prevalence of NMSC and the resulting health care burden, many of these pathways provide promising targets for continued study aimed at both chemoprevention and chemotherapy.
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35
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Schuch AP, Moreno NC, Schuch NJ, Menck CFM, Garcia CCM. Sunlight damage to cellular DNA: Focus on oxidatively generated lesions. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:110-124. [PMID: 28109890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The routine and often unavoidable exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation makes it one of the most significant environmental DNA-damaging agents to which humans are exposed. Sunlight, specifically UVB and UVA, triggers various types of DNA damage. Although sunlight, mainly UVB, is necessary for the production of vitamin D, which is necessary for human health, DNA damage may have several deleterious consequences, such as cell death, mutagenesis, photoaging and cancer. UVA and UVB photons can be directly absorbed not only by DNA, which results in lesions, but also by the chromophores that are present in skin cells. This process leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species, which may indirectly cause DNA damage. Despite many decades of investigation, the discrimination among the consequences of these different types of lesions is not clear. However, human cells have complex systems to avoid the deleterious effects of the reactive species produced by sunlight. These systems include antioxidants, that protect DNA, and mechanisms of DNA damage repair and tolerance. Genetic defects in these mechanisms that have clear harmful effects in the exposed skin are found in several human syndromes. The best known of these is xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), whose patients are defective in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and translesion synthesis (TLS) pathways. These patients are mainly affected due to UV-induced pyrimidine dimers, but there is growing evidence that XP cells are also defective in the protection against other types of lesions, including oxidized DNA bases. This raises a question regarding the relative roles of the various forms of sunlight-induced DNA damage on skin carcinogenesis and photoaging. Therefore, knowledge of what occurs in XP patients may still bring important contributions to the understanding of the biological impact of sunlight-induced deleterious effects on the skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Passaglia Schuch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97110-970 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natielen Jacques Schuch
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro Universitário Franciscano, 97010-032 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Carrião Machado Garcia
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
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36
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Impact on Autophagy and Ultraviolet B Induced Responses of Treatment with the MTOR Inhibitors Rapamycin, Everolimus, Torin 1, and pp242 in Human Keratinocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5930639. [PMID: 28400912 PMCID: PMC5376460 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5930639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of Rapamycin (MTOR) protein is a crucial signaling regulator in mammalian cells that is extensively involved in cellular biology. The function of MTOR signaling in keratinocytes remains unclear. In this study, we detected the MTOR signaling and autophagy response in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and human epidermal keratinocytes treated with MTOR inhibitors. Moreover, we detected the impact of MTOR inhibitors on keratinocytes exposed to the common carcinogenic stressors ultraviolet B (UVB) and UVA radiation. As a result, keratinocytes were sensitive to the MTOR inhibitors Rapamycin, everolimus, Torin 1, and pp242, but the regulation of MTOR downstream signaling was distinct. Next, autophagy induction only was observed in HaCaT cells treated with Rapamycin. Furthermore, we found that MTOR signaling was insensitive to UVB but sensitive to UVA radiation. UVB treatment also had no impact on the inhibition of MTOR signaling by MTOR inhibitors. Finally, MTOR inhibition by Rapamycin, everolimus, or pp242 did not affect the series of biological events in keratinocytes exposed to UVB, including the downregulation of BiP and PERK, activation of Histone H2A and JNK, and cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. Our study demonstrated that MTOR inhibition in keratinocytes cannot always induce autophagy, and the MTOR pathway does not play a central role in the UVB triggered cellular response.
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Montes de Oca MK, Pearlman RL, McClees SF, Strickland R, Afaq F. Phytochemicals for the Prevention of Photocarcinogenesis. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:956-974. [PMID: 28063168 DOI: 10.1111/php.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) exposure has an array of damaging effects and is the main cause of skin cancer in humans. Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, is the most common type of cancer. Incidence of NMSC has increased due to greater UV radiation, increased life expectancy and other changes in lifestyle; the annual cost of skin cancer treatment in the United States has increased concurrently to around eight billion dollars. Because of these trends, novel approaches to skin cancer prevention have become an important area of research to decrease skin cancer morbidity and defray the costs associated with treatment. Chemoprevention aims to prevent or delay the development of skin cancer through the use of phytochemicals. Use of phytochemicals as chemopreventive agents has gained attention due to their low toxicity and anticarcinogenic properties. Phytochemicals also exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects which support their use as chemopreventive agents, particularly for skin cancer. Preclinical and human studies have shown that phytochemicals decrease UV-induced skin damage and photocarcinogenesis. In this review article, we discuss the selected phytochemicals that may prevent or delay UV-induced carcinogenesis and highlight their potential use for skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross L Pearlman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sarah F McClees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Rebecca Strickland
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Purushotham G, Padma Y, Nabiha Y, Venkata Raju RR. In vitro evaluation of anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic activities of the methanolic extracts of Andrographis nallamalayana Ellis on A375 and B16F10 melanoma cell lines. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:212. [PMID: 28330284 PMCID: PMC5045834 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural plant products have been widely used in controlling cancer with fewer or no side effects and the use of plant extracts as complementary to synthetic medicine is gaining increased popularity. Members of Andrographis plants possess important medicinal properties. In the present study, anti-cancerous properties of Andrographis nallamalayana (AN) were tested on A375 and B16F10 skin melanoma cancer cell lines. The leaf extracts of AN significantly reduced the cell viability and cell survival of skin cancer cell lines, achieved by MTT assay and clonogenic assays, respectively. Further, TUNEL assays revealed that AN extracts induces the apoptosis. Western blot analysis revealed that AN leaf extracts reduced the expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein and induced the expression of proapoptotic molecules such as Bcl-2 associated death promoter protein (BAD), Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX) and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, the qRT-PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated the reduced expression of G2/M phase proteins cdk1, cyclin B1 and increased expression of p53, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 inhibitor, p21. Further, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that AN reduced the NF-κB nuclear translocation, luciferase reporter assays demonstrated reporter gene activation. qRT-PCR assays showed that AN significantly reduced the expression of NF-κB target genes. The results concluded that the extracts of AN exhibited significant anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic activities on melanoma skin cancer cell lines.
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Yo K, Rünger TM. UVA and UVB Induce Different Sets of Long Noncoding RNAs. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:769-772. [PMID: 27847268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Yo
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dermatological R & D, Skin Research Department, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Thomas M Rünger
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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40
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Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) Water Extract and Its Bioactive Components Ameliorate Dermal Damage in UVB-Irradiated Skin Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7368797. [PMID: 27847821 PMCID: PMC5101365 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7368797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dermal photoaging is a condition of skin suffering inappropriate ultraviolet (UV) exposure and exerts inflammation, tissue alterations, redness, swelling, and uncomfortable feelings. Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) is a cereal food and its antioxidant and pigment constituents may provide skin protection from photoaging, but it still lacks proved experiments. In this study, protective effects of djulis extract (CFE) on UVB-irradiated skin were explored. The results showed that HaCaT cells with 150 μg/mL CFE treatment had higher survival and less production of interleukin- (IL-) 6, matrix metalloprotease- (MMP-) 1, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in UVB-irradiated conditions. Subsequently, in animal studies, mice supplemented with CFE (100 mg/kg BW) were under UVB irradiation and had thinner epidermis and lower IL-6 levels in skin layer. These data demonstrate that bioactive compounds possessing the potency of antiphotoaging exist in CFE. Following that, we found rutin and chlorogenic acid (10-100 μM) could significantly increase cell viability and decrease the production of IL-6 in UVB models. Additionally, djulis pigment-betanin has no effect of increasing cell viability in this study. Our findings suggest CFE can protect skin against UV-induced damage and this protection is mainly from contributions of rutin and chlorogenic acid.
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41
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Rigby CM, Roy S, Deep G, Guillermo-Lagae R, Jain AK, Dhar D, Orlicky DJ, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Role of p53 in silibinin-mediated inhibition of ultraviolet B radiation-induced DNA damage, inflammation and skin carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2016; 38:40-50. [PMID: 27729375 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are a growing problem given that solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation exposure is increasing most likely due to depletion of the atmospheric ozone layer and lack of adequate sun protection. Better preventive methods are urgently required to reduce UV-caused photodamage and NMSC incidence. Earlier, we have reported that silibinin treatment activates p53 and reduces photodamage and NMSC, both in vitro and in vivo; but whether silibinin exerts its protective effects primarily through p53 remains unknown. To address this question, we generated p53 heterozygous (p53+/-) and p53 knockout (p53-/-) mice on SKH-1 hairless mouse background, and assessed silibinin efficacy in both short- and long-term UVB exposure experiments. In the chronic UVB-exposed skin tumorigenesis study, compared to p53+/+ mice, p53+/- mice developed skin tumors earlier and had higher tumor number, multiplicity and volume. Silibinin topical treatment significantly reduced the tumor number, multiplicity and volume in p53+/+ mice but silibinin' protective efficacy was significantly compromised in p53+/- mice. Additionally, silibinin treatment failed to inhibit precursor skin cancer lesions in p53-/- mice but improved the survival of the mice. In short-term studies, silibinin application accelerated the removal of UVB-induced DNA damage in p53+/+ mice while its efficacy was partially compromised in p53-/- mice. Interestingly, silibinin treatment also inhibited the UVB-induced inflammatory markers in skin tissue. These results further confirmed that absence of the p53 allele predisposes mice to photodamage and photocarcinogenesis, and established that silibinin mediates its protection against UVB-induced photodamage, inflammation and photocarcinogenesis partly through p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Rigby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Srirupa Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.,Present address: Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.,University of Colorado Cancer Center and
| | - Ruth Guillermo-Lagae
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Anil K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Deepanshi Dhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.,University of Colorado Cancer Center and
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, .,University of Colorado Cancer Center and
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42
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Kim M, Park KY, Lee MK, Jin T, Seo SJ. Adiponectin Suppresses UVB-Induced Premature Senescence and hBD2 Overexpression in Human Keratinocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161247. [PMID: 27526049 PMCID: PMC4985158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that adiponectin can suppress cellular inflammatory signaling pathways. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of adiponectin on the unregulated production of hBD2 in UVB-induced premature senescent keratinocytes. We constructed an in vitro model of premature senescent keratinocytes through repeated exposure to low energy UVB. After repeated low energy UVB exposure, there was significant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of senescence-associated markers, including senescence associated beta-galactosidase activity and expression of p16INK4a and histone H2AX. In addition, the present clinical study showed higher expression of hBD2 in sun-exposed skin of elderly group, and the overexpression of hBD2 was observed by c-Fos activation in vitro. Adiponectin has the ability to scavenge ROS and consequently inhibit MAPKs and SA-markers in UVB-exposed keratinocytes. An inhibitor study demonstrated that adiponectin downregulated hBD2 mRNA expression through suppression of the AP-1 transcription factor components c-Fos via inactivation of p38 MAPK. Collectively, the dysregulated production of hBD2 by the induction of oxidative stress was attenuated by adiponectin through the suppression of p38 and JNK/SAPK MAPK signaling in UVB-mediated premature senescent inducible conditions. These results suggest the feasibility of adiponectin as an anti-photoaging and anti-inflammatory agent in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJeong Kim
- Departments of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kui Young Park
- Departments of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taewon Jin
- Departments of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Departments of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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43
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Jeon BJ, Kim DW, Kim MS, Park SH, Dhong ES, Yoon ES, Lee BI, Hwang NH. Protective effects of adipose-derived stem cells against UVB-induced skin pigmentation. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2016; 50:336-342. [DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2016.1175358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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44
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Dickinson SE, Janda J, Criswell J, Blohm-Mangone K, Olson ER, Liu Z, Barber C, Petricoin EF, Calvert VS, Einspahr J, Dickinson JE, Stratton SP, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Saboda K, Hu C, Bode AM, Dong Z, Alberts DS, Timothy Bowden G. Inhibition of Akt Enhances the Chemopreventive Effects of Topical Rapamycin in Mouse Skin. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:215-24. [PMID: 26801880 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The PI3Kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway has important roles in cancer development for multiple tumor types, including UV-induced nonmelanoma skin cancer. Immunosuppressed populations are at increased risk of aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Individuals who are treated with rapamycin (sirolimus, a classical mTOR inhibitor) have significantly decreased rates of developing new cutaneous SCCs compared with those that receive traditional immunosuppression. However, systemic rapamycin use can lead to significant adverse events. Here, we explored the use of topical rapamycin as a chemopreventive agent in the context of solar-simulated light (SSL)-induced skin carcinogenesis. In SKH-1 mice, topical rapamycin treatment decreased tumor yields when applied after completion of 15 weeks of SSL exposure compared with controls. However, applying rapamycin during SSL exposure for 15 weeks, and continuing for 10 weeks after UV treatment, increased tumor yields. We also examined whether a combinatorial approach might result in more significant tumor suppression by rapamycin. We validated that rapamycin causes increased Akt (S473) phosphorylation in the epidermis after SSL, and show for the first time that this dysregulation can be inhibited in vivo by a selective PDK1/Akt inhibitor, PHT-427. Combining rapamycin with PHT-427 on tumor prone skin additively caused a significant reduction of tumor multiplicity compared with vehicle controls. Our findings indicate that patients taking rapamycin should avoid sun exposure, and that combining topical mTOR inhibitors and Akt inhibitors may be a viable chemoprevention option for individuals at high risk for cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Dickinson
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - Jaroslav Janda
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jane Criswell
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Erik R Olson
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Zhonglin Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christy Barber
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Valerie S Calvert
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Janine Einspahr
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jesse E Dickinson
- Arizona Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Steven P Stratton
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Chengcheng Hu
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ann M Bode
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, The Hormel Institute, The University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, The Hormel Institute, The University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - David S Alberts
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - G Timothy Bowden
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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45
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Kwon H, Ahn E, Kim SY, Kang Y, Kim MO, Jin BS, Park S. Inhibition of UV-induced matrix metabolism by a myristoyl tetrapeptide. Cell Biol Int 2015; 40:257-68. [PMID: 26510539 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) composition is important in tissue homeostasis and function. We screened small peptides for their ability to inhibit ultraviolet (UV)-induced cell metabolism in epidermal fibroblasts. We found that UV irradiation increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and inflammatory gene expression in human Hs68 fibroblast cells. We also demonstrated that a myristoyl tetrapeptide with the amino acid sequence Gly-Leu-Phe-Trp (mGLFW) suppressed the UV-induced expression of MMPs and inflammatory genes. Moreover, mGLFW stimulated the expression of ECM proteins in Hs68 fibroblasts. In order to provide the mechanism of action for mGLFW, we investigated UV-induced signaling changes in the presence of mGLFW using a cDNA microarray. UV exposure increased the expression of MMP genes, such as MMP1, MMP3, and MMP14, and inflammation-related genes, including interleukin 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Treatment with mGLFW abrogated the UV-induced expression of MMP-related genes and inflammatory genes. In addition, mGLFW increased the expression of collagen genes, including COL1A1, COL1A2, and COL5A1. We examined whether the activation of AP-1, a UV-activated transcription factor, is suppressed by mGLFW. The results demonstrated that AP-1 expression increased upon UV exposure and that this expression was inhibited by mGLFW. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that mGLFW reversed the effects of UV exposure by enhancing the expression of collagen proteins and suppressing the expression of MMPs, which degrade the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeyoung Kwon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunsook Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Byung Suk Jin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seyeon Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Development and Characterization of a Novel in vitro Progression Model for UVB-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13894. [PMID: 26349906 PMCID: PMC4563561 DOI: 10.1038/srep13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest ultraviolet B (UVB) component (290–320 nm) of sun light is the most prevalent etiologic factor for skin carcinogenesis- a disease accounting for more than two million new cases each year in the USA alone. Development of UVB-induced skin carcinoma is a multistep and complex process. The molecular events that occur during UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis are poorly understood largely due to the lack of an appropriate cellular model system. Therefore, to make a progress in this area, we have developed an in vitro model for UVB-induced skin cancer using immortalized human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells through repetitive exposure to UVB radiation. We demonstrate that UVB-transformed HaCaT cells gain enhanced proliferation rate, apoptosis-resistance, and colony- and sphere-forming abilities in a progressive manner. Moreover, these cells exhibit increased aggressiveness with enhanced migration and invasive potential and mesenchymal phenotypes. Furthermore, these derived cells are able to form aggressive squamous cell carcinoma upon inoculation into the nude mice, while parental HaCaT cells remain non-tumorigenic. Together, these novel, UVB-transformed progression model cell lines can be very helpful in gaining valuable mechanistic insight into UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis, identification of novel molecular targets of diagnostic and therapeutic significance, and in vitro screening for novel preventive and therapeutic agents.
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Calò R, Visone CM, Marabini L. Thymol and Thymus Vulgaris L. activity against UVA- and UVB-induced damage in NCTC 2544 cell line. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 791:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wu Z, Uchi H, Morino-Koga S, Shi W, Furue M. Z-ligustilide ameliorated ultraviolet B-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes through upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and suppression of NF-κB pathway. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:703-8. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology; Shanghai First People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Saori Morino-Koga
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Weimin Shi
- Department of Dermatology; Shanghai First People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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Melnik BC. MiR-21: an environmental driver of malignant melanoma? J Transl Med 2015; 13:202. [PMID: 26116372 PMCID: PMC4482047 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-1950’s, melanoma incidence has been rising steadily in industrialized Caucasian populations, thereby pointing to the pivotal involvement of environmental factors in melanomagenesis. Recent evidence underlines the crucial role of microRNA (miR) signaling in cancer initiation and progression. Increased miR-21 expression has been observed during the transition from a benign melanocytic lesion to malignant melanoma, exhibiting highest expression of miR-21. Notably, common BRAF and NRAS mutations in cutaneous melanoma are associated with increased miR-21 expression. MiR-21 is an oncomiR that affects critical target genes of malignant melanoma, resulting in sustained proliferation (PTEN, PI3K, Sprouty, PDCD4, FOXO1, TIPE2, p53, cyclin D1), evasion from apoptosis (FOXO1, FBXO11, APAF1, TIMP3, TIPE2), genetic instability (MSH2, FBXO11, hTERT), increased oxidative stress (FOXO1), angiogenesis (PTEN, HIF1α, TIMP3), invasion and metastasis (APAF1, PTEN, PDCD4, TIMP3). The purpose of this review is to provide translational evidence for major environmental and individual factors that increase the risk of melanoma, such as UV irradiation, chemical noxes, air pollution, smoking, chronic inflammation, Western nutrition, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and higher age, which are associated with increased miR-21 signaling. Exosomal miR-21 induced by extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli may be superimposed on mutation-induced miR-21 pathways of melanoma cells. Thus, oncogenic miR-21 signaling may be the converging point of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli driving melanomagenesis. Future strategies of melanoma treatment and prevention should thus aim at reducing the burden of miR-21 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Sedanstrasse 115, 49090, Osnabrück, Germany.
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Bermudez Y, Stratton SP, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Warneke J, Hu C, Bowden GT, Dickinson SE, Dong Z, Bode AM, Saboda K, Brooks CA, Petricoin EF, Hurst CA, Alberts DS, Einspahr JG. Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Response to Acute Solar-Simulated Light Exposure of Human Skin. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:720-8. [PMID: 26031292 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of skin cancer is higher than all other cancers and continues to increase, with an average annual cost over $8 billion in the United States. As a result, identifying molecular pathway alterations that occur with UV exposure to strategize more effective preventive and therapeutic approaches is essential. To that end, we evaluated phosphorylation of proteins within the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways by immunohistochemistry in sun-protected skin after acute doses of physiologically relevant solar-simulated ultraviolet light (SSL) in 24 volunteers. Biopsies were performed at baseline, 5 minutes, 1, 5, and 24 hours after SSL irradiation. Within the PI3K/Akt pathway, we found activation of Akt (serine 473) to be significantly increased at 5 hours while mTOR (serine 2448) was strongly activated early and was sustained over 24 hours after SSL. Downstream, we observed a marked and sustained increase in phospho-S6 (serine 235/S236), whereas phospho-4E-BP1 (threonines 37/46) was increased only at 24 hours. Within the MAPK pathway, SSL-induced expression of phospho-p38 (threonine 180/tyrosine 182) peaked at 1 to 5 hours. ERK 1/2 was observed to be immediate and sustained after SSL irradiation. Phosphorylation of histone H3 (serine 10), a core structural protein of the nucleosome, peaked at 5 hours after SSL irradiation. The expression of both p53 and COX-2 was increased at 5 hours and was maximal at 24 hours after SSL irradiation. Apoptosis was significantly increased at 24 hours as expected and indicative of a sunburn-type response to SSL. Understanding the timing of key protein expression changes in response to SSL will aid in development of mechanistic-based approaches for the prevention and control of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yira Bermudez
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Steven P Stratton
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - James Warneke
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Chengcheng Hu
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | | | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | - Craig A Hurst
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - David S Alberts
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Janine G Einspahr
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona.
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