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da Costa KCM, Oliveira LDS, Silva JC, Santana TS, de Freitas RA, Bressan AFM, Gómez-Alonso S, Pérez-Navarro J, Pertuzatti PB, Giachini FR. Enhancing Vascular Health and Lowering Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats through Syrah Grape ( Vitis vinifera) Pomace: The Role of Phenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2024; 16:2312. [PMID: 39064756 PMCID: PMC11279649 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial properties of wine by-products include actions that help prevent and treat cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, primarily due to their antioxidant effects. Novel pharmacotherapies are being developed to treat arterial hypertension, including investigations into natural products exhibiting biological activity, necessitating rigorous evaluation of their efficacy and safety. This study aimed to identify and quantify phenolic compounds in Syrah (Vitis vinifera) grapes grown in the Brazilian Cerrado and their presence in winemaking by-products. It also examined the effects of grape pomace on blood pressure. METHODS Fresh grapes, pomace, and lees, were subjected to spectrophotometric determination of total phenolic compounds, followed by identification and quantification using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Normotensive male rats (Wistar) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) received grape pomace-enriched (150 or 300 mg/kg/day, 14 days) or standard chow. Indirect arterial pressure was assessed, while vascular reactivity was evaluated in mesenteric resistance arteries. RESULTS Pomace samples exhibited higher total phenolic compound concentrations than grapes or lees. Seven derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids and twenty-one flavonols were identified. Quercetin-3-glucoside and ethyl caffeate were the most abundant phenolic compounds. Grape pomace-enriched chow demonstrated a dose-dependent hypotensive effect in rats. CONCLUSION the abundance of flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids, combined with their hypotensive effects, underscores the therapeutic potential of fine wine-making by-products produced in the Brazilian Cerrado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. M. da Costa
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Lorrayne de S. Oliveira
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Júlia C. Silva
- Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Taynara S. Santana
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Raiany A. de Freitas
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Alecsander F. M. Bressan
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Gómez-Alonso
- Regional Institute of Applied Scientific Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain (J.P.-N.)
| | - José Pérez-Navarro
- Regional Institute of Applied Scientific Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain (J.P.-N.)
| | - Paula B. Pertuzatti
- Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R. Giachini
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 78060-900, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
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D’Couto HT, Celi LA. Racial Physiology: A Dangerous Precedent. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:1283-1284. [PMID: 38452375 PMCID: PMC11146547 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202402-0296le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helen T. D’Couto
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Leo Anthony Celi
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lee FK, Chan NJY, Krishnan P, Datu Abdul Salam DS, Chee XW, Muhamad A, Low YY, Ting KN, Lim KH. Preparation and Preliminary Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Schwarzinicine A Analogs as Vasorelaxant Agents. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:675-691. [PMID: 38442031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Schwarzinicines A-D, a series of alkaloids recently discovered from Ficus schwarzii, exhibit pronounced vasorelaxant activity in rat isolated aorta. Building on this finding, a concise synthesis of schwarzinicines A and B has been reported, allowing further investigations into their biological properties. Herein, a preliminary exploration of the chemical space surrounding the structure of schwarzinicine A (1) was carried out aiming to identify structural features that are essential for vasorelaxant activity. A total of 57 analogs were synthesized and tested for vasorelaxant activity in rat isolated aorta. Both efficacy (Emax) and potency (EC50) of these analogs were compared. In addition to identifying structural features that are required for activity or associated with potency enhancement effect, four analogs showed significant potency improvements of up to 40.2-fold when compared to 1. Molecular dynamics simulation of a tetrameric 44-bound transient receptor potential canonical-6 (TRPC6) protein indicated that 44 could potentially form important interactions with the residues Glu509, Asp530, Lys748, Arg758, and Tyr521. These results may serve as a foundation for guiding further structural optimization of the schwarzinicine A scaffold, aiming to discover even more potent analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Kai Lee
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Premanand Krishnan
- Foundation in Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Xavier Wezen Chee
- School of Engineering and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Azira Muhamad
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yun-Yee Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kang-Nee Ting
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kuan-Hon Lim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lu M, Pan J, Hu Y, Ding L, Li Y, Cui X, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Li C. Advances in the study of vascular related protective effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and compounds. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109531. [PMID: 37984733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a functional food containing multiple bioactive compounds that find widespread applications in culinary and medicinal practices. It consists of multiple chemical components, including allicin and alliin. This article offers a comprehensive review of the protective effects of garlic extracts and their active constituents on the vascular system. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that garlic extracts and their active ingredients possess various bioactive properties. These substances demonstrate beneficial effects on blood vessels by demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, inhibiting lipid accumulation and migration, preventing lipid peroxidation, promoting angiogenesis, reducing platelet aggregation, enhancing endothelial function, and inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis. In clinical studies, garlic and its extracts have demonstrated their efficacy in managing vascular system diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and high cholesterol levels. In summary, these studies highlight the potential therapeutic roles and underlying mechanisms of garlic and its constituents in managing conditions like diabetes, atherosclerosis, ischemic diseases, and other vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Lu
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyuan Pan
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanlong Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhai Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Shin S, Park J, Choi HY, Bu Y, Lee K. Sakuranetin as a Potential Regulator of Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Promoting Vasorelaxation through Calcium Channel Blockade. Biomedicines 2024; 12:346. [PMID: 38397948 PMCID: PMC10887318 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds, known for diverse pharmacological properties, have attracted attention as potential sources for hypertension treatment. Previous studies have revealed the hypotensive effect and vascular relaxation of prunetin, a natural compound derived from Prunus yedoensis. However, the potential blood pressure-lowering and vasorelaxant effects of sakuranetin, another representative compound found in plants belonging to the genus Prunus, have remained unexplored. We aimed to fill this gap by investigating the hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects of sakuranetin in rats. Results indicated that sakuranetin, particularly in the sakuranetin 20 mg/kg group, led to significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by -14.53 ± 5.64% and -19.83 ± 6.56% at 4 h after administration. In the sakuranetin 50 mg/kg group, the SBP and DBP decreased by -13.27 ± 6.86% and -16.62 ± 10.01% at 2 h and by -21.61 ± 4.49% and -30.45 ± 5.21% at 4 h after administration. In addition, we identified the vasorelaxant effects of sakuranetin, attributing its mechanisms to the inhibition of calcium influx and the modulation of angiotensin II. Considering its hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects, sakuranetin could potentially serve as an antihypertensive agent. However, further research is required to evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Shin
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyu Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Choi
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Woolf EK, Lee SY, Ghanem N, Vazquez AR, Johnson SA. Protective effects of blueberries on vascular function: A narrative review of preclinical and clinical evidence. Nutr Res 2023; 120:20-57. [PMID: 37913730 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Blueberries are rich in nutrients and (poly)phenols, popular with consumers, and a major agricultural crop with year-round availability supporting their use in food-based strategies to promote human health. Accumulating evidence indicates blueberry consumption has protective effects on cardiovascular health including vascular dysfunction (i.e., endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening). This narrative review synthesizes evidence on blueberries and vascular function and provides insight into underlying mechanisms with a focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota. Evidence from animal studies supports beneficial impacts on vascular function. Human studies indicate acute and chronic blueberry consumption can improve endothelial function in healthy and at-risk populations and may modulate arterial stiffness, but that evidence is less certain. Results from cell, animal, and human studies suggest blueberry consumption improves vascular function through improving nitric oxide bioavailability, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Limited data in animals suggest the gut microbiome mediates beneficial effects of blueberries on vascular function; however, there is a paucity of studies evaluating the gut microbiome in humans. Translational evidence indicates anthocyanin metabolites mediate effects of blueberries on endothelial function, though this does not exclude potential synergistic and/or additive effects of other blueberry components. Further research is needed to establish the clinical efficacy of blueberries to improve vascular function in diverse human populations in a manner that provides mechanistic information. Translation of clinical research to the community/public should consider feasibility, social determinants of health, culture, community needs, assets, and desires, barriers, and drivers to consumption, among other factors to establish real-world impacts of blueberry consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Woolf
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sylvia Y Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nancy Ghanem
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Allegra R Vazquez
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Huda K, Lawrence DJ, Thompson W, Lindsey SH, Bayer CL. In vivo noninvasive systemic myography of acute systemic vasoactivity in female pregnant mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6286. [PMID: 37813833 PMCID: PMC10562381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered vasoactivity is a major characteristic of cardiovascular and oncological diseases, and many therapies are therefore targeted to the vasculature. Therapeutics which are selective for the diseased vasculature are ideal, but whole-body selectivity of a therapeutic is challenging to assess in practice. Vessel myography is used to determine the functional mechanisms and evaluate pharmacological responses of vascularly-targeted therapeutics. However, myography can only be performed on ex vivo sections of individual arteries. We have developed methods for implementation of spherical-view photoacoustic tomography for non-invasive and in vivo myography. Using photoacoustic tomography, we demonstrate the measurement of acute vascular reactivity in the systemic vasculature and the placenta of female pregnant mice in response to two vasodilators. Photoacoustic tomography simultaneously captures the significant acute vasodilation of major arteries and detects selective vasoactivity of the maternal-fetal vasculature. Photoacoustic tomography has the potential to provide invaluable preclinical information on vascular response that cannot be obtained by other established methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Huda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dylan J Lawrence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Photosound Technologies Inc., Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Carolyn L Bayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Suvakov S, Kattah AG, Gojkovic T, Enninga EAL, Pruett J, Jayachandran M, Sousa C, Santos J, Abou Hassan C, Gonzales-Suarez M, Garovic VD. Impact of Aging and Cellular Senescence in the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:5077-5114. [PMID: 37770190 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is increasing, which may be due to several factors, including an increased age at pregnancy and more comorbid health conditions during reproductive years. Preeclampsia, the most severe hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, has been associated with an increased risk of future disease, including cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Cellular senescence, the process of cell cycle arrest in response to many physiologic and maladaptive stimuli, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and provide a mechanistic link to future disease. In this article, we will discuss the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, the many mechanisms of cellular senescence, evidence for the involvement of senescence in the development of preeclampsia, as well as evidence that cellular senescence may link preeclampsia to the risk of future disease. Lastly, we will explore how a better understanding of the role of cellular senescence in preeclampsia may lead to therapeutic trials. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:5077-5114, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Suvakov
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrea G Kattah
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tamara Gojkovic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth A L Enninga
- Division of Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jacob Pruett
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Ciria Sousa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Janelle Santos
- Division of Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Coline Abou Hassan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Vesna D Garovic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Xu F, Ma J, Wang X, Wang X, Fang W, Sun J, Li Z, Liu J. The Role of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) in Vascular Pathology and Physiology. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1410. [PMID: 37759810 PMCID: PMC10526873 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estrogen is indispensable in health and disease and mainly functions through its receptors. The protection of the cardiovascular system by estrogen and its receptors has been recognized for decades. Numerous studies with a focus on estrogen and its receptor system have been conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Although nuclear estrogen receptors, including estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β, have been shown to be classical receptors that mediate genomic effects, studies now show that GPER mainly mediates rapid signaling events as well as transcriptional regulation via binding to estrogen as a membrane receptor. With the discovery of selective synthetic ligands for GPER and the utilization of GPER knockout mice, significant progress has been made in understanding the function of GPER. In this review, the tissue and cellular localizations, endogenous and exogenous ligands, and signaling pathways of GPER are systematically summarized in diverse physiological and diseased conditions. This article further emphasizes the role of GPER in vascular pathology and physiology, focusing on the latest research progress and evidence of GPER as a promising therapeutic target in hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Thus, selective regulation of GPER by its agonists and antagonists have the potential to be used in clinical practice for treating such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Xu
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710068, China; (F.X.); (W.F.); (J.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jipeng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710068, China; (F.X.); (W.F.); (J.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jingwei Sun
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710068, China; (F.X.); (W.F.); (J.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Zilin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
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Alves-Lopes R, Lacchini S, Neves KB, Harvey A, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Vasoprotective effects of NOX4 are mediated via polymerase and transient receptor potential melastatin 2 cation channels in endothelial cells. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1389-1400. [PMID: 37272080 PMCID: PMC10399938 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOX4 activation has been implicated to have vasoprotective and blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects. Molecular mechanisms underlying this are unclear, but NOX4-induced regulation of the redox-sensitive Ca 2+ channel TRPM2 and effects on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-nitric oxide signalling may be important. METHOD Wild-type and LinA3, renin-expressing hypertensive mice, were crossed with NOX4 knockout mice. Vascular function was measured by myography. Generation of superoxide (O 2- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) were assessed by lucigenin and amplex red, respectively, and Ca 2+ influx by Cal-520 fluorescence in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC). RESULTS BP was increased in NOX4KO, LinA3 and LinA3/NOX4KO mice. This was associated with endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling, with exaggerated effects in NOX4KO groups. The TRPM2 activator, ADPR, improved vascular relaxation in LinA3/NOX4KO mice, an effect recapitulated by H 2 O 2 . Inhibition of PARP and TRPM2 with olaparib and 2-APB, respectively, recapitulated endothelial dysfunction in NOX4KO. In endothelial cells, Ang II increased H 2 O 2 generation and Ca 2+ influx, effects reduced by TRPM2 siRNA, TRPM2 inhibitors (8-br-cADPR, 2-APB), olaparib and GKT137831 (NOX4 inhibitor). Ang II-induced eNOS activation was blocked by NOX4 and TRPM2 siRNA, GKT137831, PEG-catalase and 8-br-cADPR. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that NOX4-induced H 2 O 2 production activates PARP/TRPM2, Ca 2+ influx, eNOS activation and nitric oxide release in endothelial cells. NOX4 deficiency impairs Ca 2+ homeostasis leading to endothelial dysfunction, an effect exacerbated in hypertension. We define a novel pathway linking endothelial NOX4/H 2 O 2 to eNOS/nitric oxide through PARP/TRPM2/Ca 2+ . This vasoprotective pathway is perturbed when NOX4 is downregulated and may have significance in conditions associated with endothelial dysfunction, including hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheure Alves-Lopes
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Silvia Lacchini
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla B. Neves
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adam Harvey
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Nikrad N, Shakarami A, Tousi AZ, Farhangi MA, Ardekani AM, Jafarzadeh F. Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score (DAQS), serum lipids, markers of glucose homeostasis, blood pressure and anthropometric features among apparently metabolically healthy obese adults in two metropolises of Iran (Tabriz and Tehran): a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:157. [PMID: 37479979 PMCID: PMC10360357 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with a variety of non-communicable diseases, including MetS, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease through increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairment of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Antioxidants can protect cells against free radical damage, so it seems important to determine the relationship between the quality of dietary antioxidants intake and chronic diseases. The Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score (DAQS) is obtained by adding the daily intake of known dietary vitamins and minerals, including selenium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E, compared to the recommended daily intake (RDI). Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between DAQS, serum lipids, markers of glucose homeostasis, blood pressure and anthropometric features among obese adults. METHODS In the present cross-sectional study, 338 individuals who were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) aged 20-50 years were recruited from Tabriz and Tehran, Iran. A validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with 168 food items was used to quantify dietary consumption; accordingly, DAQS was computed. Blood biomarkers were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. A standard mercury sphygmomanometer was used to assess blood pressure, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was performed to determine body composition. The association between the DAQS tertiles and biochemical variables was investigated using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Participants in the highest tertile of DAQS have a lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values in all of the adjusted models [odds ratio (OR) = 0.920; confidence interval (CI)= 0.852-0.993, P-value = 0.03] in the analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) model. Similarly, subjects at the second tertile of DAQS had lower DBP compared with the first tertile in age and sex-adjusted model [OR= 0.937; CI= 0.882-0.997]. There was no statistically significant difference for other metabolic parameters in different DAQS tertiles. CONCLUSION According to our findings, higher DAQS was associated with lower DBP among obese adults with obesity in two major cities of Iran (Tehran and Tabriz). Other studies with interventional design are needed to better elucidate these associations and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Nikrad
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Shakarami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Assistant Professor of Cardiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ayda Zahiri Tousi
- Razavi Cancer Research Center, Razavi Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition in Community, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Faria Jafarzadeh
- Assistant Professor of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran.
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12
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De Beer D, Mels CMC, Schutte AE, Delles C, Mary S, Mullen W, Latosinska A, Mischak H, Kruger R. Identifying a urinary peptidomics profile for hypertension in young adults: The African-PREDICT study: Urinary peptidomics and hypertension: Urinary peptidomics and hypertension. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200444. [PMID: 36943111 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most important and complex risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). By using urinary peptidomics analyses, we aimed to identify peptides associated with hypertension, building a framework for future research towards improved prediction and prevention of premature development of CVD. We included 78 hypertensive and 79 normotensive participants from the African-PREDICT study (aged 20-30 years), matched for sex (51% male) and ethnicity (49% black and 51% white). Urinary peptidomics data were acquired using capillary-electrophoresis-time-of-flight-mass-spectrometry. Hypertension-associated peptides were identified and combined into a support vector machine-based multidimensional classifier. When comparing the peptide data between the normotensive and hypertensive groups, 129 peptides were nominally differentially abundant (Wilcoxon p < 0.05). Nonetheless, only three peptides, all derived from collagen alpha-1(III), remained significantly different after rigorous adjustments for multiple comparisons. The 37 most significant peptides (all p ≤ 0.001) served as basis for the development of a classifier, with 20 peptides being combined into a unifying score, resulting in an AUC of 0.85 in the ROC analysis (p < 0.001), with 83% sensitivity at 80% specificity. Our study suggests potential value of urinary peptides in the classification of hypertension, which could enable earlier diagnosis and better understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension and premature cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalene De Beer
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Catharina M C Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- School of Population Health, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sheon Mary
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William Mullen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Ruan Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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13
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Woolf EK, Terwoord JD, Litwin NS, Vazquez AR, Lee SY, Ghanem N, Michell KA, Smith BT, Grabos LE, Ketelhut NB, Bachman NP, Smith ME, Le Sayec M, Rao S, Gentile CL, Weir TL, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Seals DR, Dinenno FA, Johnson SA. Daily blueberry consumption for 12 weeks improves endothelial function in postmenopausal women with above-normal blood pressure through reductions in oxidative stress: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:2621-2641. [PMID: 36847333 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women have oxidative stress-mediated suppression of endothelial function that is exacerbated by high blood pressure. Previous research suggests blueberries may improve endothelial function through reductions in oxidative stress, while also exerting other cardiovascular benefits. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of blueberries to improve endothelial function and blood pressure in postmenopausal women with above-normal blood pressure, and to identify potential mechanisms for improvements in endothelial function. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial was performed, where postmenopausal women aged 45-65 years with elevated blood pressure or stage 1-hypertension (total n = 43, endothelial function n = 32) consumed 22 g day-1 of freeze-dried highbush blueberry powder or placebo powder for 12 weeks. Endothelial function was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks through ultrasound measurement of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) normalized to shear rate area under the curve (FMD/SRAUC) before and after intravenous infusion of a supraphysiologic dose of ascorbic acid to evaluate whether FMD improvements were mediated by reduced oxidative stress. Hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, cardiometabolic blood biomarkers, and plasma (poly)phenol metabolites were assessed at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and venous endothelial cell protein expression was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Absolute FMD/SRAUC was 96% higher following blueberry consumption compared to baseline (p < 0.05) but unchanged in the placebo group (p > 0.05), and changes from baseline to 12 weeks were greater in the blueberry group than placebo (+1.09 × 10-4 ± 4.12 × 10-5vs. +3.82 × 10-6 ± 1.59 × 10-5, p < 0.03, respectively). The FMD/SRAUC response to ascorbic acid infusion was lower (p < 0.05) at 12 weeks compared to baseline in the blueberry group with no change in the placebo group (p > 0.05). The sum of plasma (poly)phenol metabolites increased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks in the blueberry group compared to baseline, and were higher than the placebo group (all p < 0.05). Increases in several plasma flavonoid and microbial metabolites were also noted. No major differences were found for blood pressure, arterial stiffness, blood biomarkers, or endothelial cell protein expression following blueberry consumption. These findings suggest daily consumption of freeze-dried blueberry powder for 12 weeks improves endothelial function through reduced oxidative stress in postmenopausal women with above-normal blood pressure. The clinical trial registry number is NCT03370991 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Woolf
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Janée D Terwoord
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicole S Litwin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Allegra R Vazquez
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Sylvia Y Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Nancy Ghanem
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Kiri A Michell
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Brayden T Smith
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Lauren E Grabos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Nathaniel B Ketelhut
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nate P Bachman
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Meghan E Smith
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melanie Le Sayec
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christopher L Gentile
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Frank A Dinenno
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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14
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Ivanova GT. Reactivity of Mesenteric Arteries in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Rats Fed on a High-Fat Diet. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093023010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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15
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Shen Z, Bei Y, Lin H, Wei T, Dai Y, Hu Y, Zhang C, Dai H. The role of class IIa histone deacetylases in regulating endothelial function. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1091794. [PMID: 36935751 PMCID: PMC10014714 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1091794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are monolayer cells located in the inner layer of the blood vessel. Endothelial function is crucial in maintaining local and systemic homeostasis and is precisely regulated by sophisticated signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation. Endothelial dysfunctions are the main factors for the pathophysiological process of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, hypertension, and stroke. In these pathologic processes, histone deacetylases (HDACs) involve in epigenetic regulation by removing acetyl groups from lysine residues of histones and regulating downstream gene expression. Among all HDACs, Class IIa HDACs (HDAC4, 5, 7, 9) contain only an N-terminal regulatory domain, exert limited HDAC activity, and present tissue-specific gene regulation. Here, we discuss and summarize the current understanding of this distinct subfamily of HDACs in endothelial cell functions (such as angiogenesis and immune response) with their molecular underpinnings. Furthermore, we also present new thoughts for further investigation of HDAC inhibitors as a potential treatment in several vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Bei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taofeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunjian Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangmin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haibin Dai,
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16
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Ivanova GT. Effect of Doxorubicin on the Reactivity of Rat Mesenteric Arteries. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Cabral B, Gonçalves TAF, Abreu LS, Andrade AWL, de Azevedo FDLAA, de Castro FD, Tavares JF, Guerra GCB, de Rezende AA, de Medeiros IA, Zucolotto SM. Cardiovascular Effects Induced by Fruit Peels from Passiflora edulis in Hypertensive Rats and Fingerprint Analysis by HPLC-ESI-MSn spectrometry. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:356-366. [PMID: 34344056 DOI: 10.1055/a-1385-8863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a chronic disease and a global health problem. Due to its high prevalence, it constitutes the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Fruit peels from Passiflora edulis fo. flavicarpa are rich in bioactive natural compounds that may have action in hypertension. This study aimed to perform a fingerprinting analysis of Passiflora edulis fruit peel extract and evaluate its actions on the cardiovascular system in an in vivo model. The extract was obtained from the dried and powdered fruit peels of Passiflora edulis. Glycoside flavonoids were identified in the extract by HPLC-ESI-MSn. The extract showed a significant hypotensive effect after 28 days of treatment and improved vascular function in the mesenteric artery. This effect was verified by decreased vascular hypercontractility and increased vasorelaxant in response to sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine. There was also a decrease in endothelial dysfunction, which can be attributed to nitric oxide's increased bioavailability. Thus, we hypothesize that all these effects contributed to a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance, leading to a significant hypotensive effect. These results are novel for fruit peels from P. edulis. Also, there was a decrease in plasma and cardiac malondialdehyde levels and an increase in glutathione, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress, as well as an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 in the plasma. This study demonstrated that the extract can be a new source of raw material to be applied as food or medicine adjuvant for treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cabral
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Silva Abreu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Anderson Wilbur Lopes Andrade
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Francker Duarte de Castro
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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18
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Gupta V, Garg A, Tomar R, Arora MK. Oxidative Stress: Meeting Multiple Targets in Pathogenesis of Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:902-912. [PMID: 35240954 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220303090413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelium is the innermost lining of blood vessels, which maintains vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Loss of vascular tone is a hallmark for cardiovascular disorders. Though there are numerous factors, such as over activation of renin angiotensin aldosterone system, kinases, growth factors, etc. play crucial role in induction and progression of vascular abrasion. Interestingly, dysregulation of these pathways either enhances the intensity of oxidative stress, or these pathways are affected by oxidative stress. Thus, oxidative stress has been considered a key culprit in the progression of vascular endothelial dysfunction. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species causes abnormal gene expression, alteration in signal transduction, and the activation of pathways leading to induction and progression of vascular injury. In addition, numerous antioxidants have been noted to possess promising therapeutic potential in preventing the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, we have focused on current perspectives in oxidative stress signalling to evaluate common biological processes whereby oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the progression of vascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardan Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, KIET School of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad-250005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anchal Garg
- Department of Pharmacology, KIET School of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad-250005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritu Tomar
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun-248009, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mandeep Kumar Arora
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun-248009, Uttarakhand, India
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19
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Abstract
Hantavirus induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an emerging viral zoonosis affecting up to 200,000 humans annually worldwide. This review article is focused on recent advances in the mechanism, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hantavirus induced HFRS. The importance of interactions between viral and host factors in the design of therapeutic strategies is discussed. Hantavirus induced HFRS is characterized by thrombocytopenia and proteinuria of varying severities. The mechanism of kidney injury appears immunopathological with characteristic deterioration of endothelial cell function and compromised barrier functions of the vasculature. Although multidisciplinary research efforts have provided insights about the loss of cellular contact in the endothelium leading to increased permeability, the details of the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The epidemiology of hantavirus induced renal failure is associated with viral species and the geographical location of the natural host of the virus. The development of vaccine and antiviral therapeutics is necessary to avoid potentially severe outbreaks of this zoonotic illness in the future. The recent groundbreaking approach to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine has revolutionized the general field of vaccinology and has provided new directions for the use of this promising platform for widespread vaccine development, including the development of hantavirus mRNA vaccine. The combinational therapies specifically targeted to inhibit hantavirus replication and vascular permeability in infected patients will likely improve the disease outcome.
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20
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Tran N, Garcia T, Aniqa M, Ali S, Ally A, Nauli SM. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) and the Cardiovascular System: in Physiology and in Disease States. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE & RESEARCH 2022; 15:153-177. [PMID: 35072089 PMCID: PMC8774925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a critical role in regulating and maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system. The importance of eNOS can be emphasized from the genetic polymorphisms of the eNOS gene, uncoupling of eNOS dimerization, and its numerous signaling regulations. The activity of eNOS on the cardiac myocytes, vasculature, and the central nervous system are discussed. The effects of eNOS on the sympathetic autonomic nervous system (SANS) and the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system (PANS), both of which profoundly influence the cardiovascular system, will be elaborated. The relationship between the eNOS protein with cardiovascular autonomic reflexes such as the baroreflex and the Exercise Pressor Reflex will be discussed. For example, the effects of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) are shown to be mediated by the eNOS protein and that eNOS-derived endothelial NO is most effective in regulating blood pressure oscillations via modulating the baroreflex mechanisms. The protective action of eNOS on the CVS is emphasized here because dysfunction of the eNOS enzyme is intricately correlated with the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Overall, our current understanding of the eNOS protein with a focus on its role in the modulation, regulation, and control of the cardiovascular system in a normal physiological state and in cardiovascular diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tran
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - T Garcia
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - M Aniqa
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - S Ali
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - A Ally
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA,Corresponding author: Surya M Nauli, Chapman University and University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - SM Nauli
- Chapman University and University of California, Irvine, CA, USA,Corresponding author: Surya M Nauli, Chapman University and University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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21
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Pánico P, Velasco M, Salazar AM, Picones A, Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Guerrero-Palomo G, Salgado-Bernabé ME, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Hiriart M. Is Arsenic Exposure a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome? A Review of the Potential Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:878280. [PMID: 35651975 PMCID: PMC9150370 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.878280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is a worldwide health problem. This pollutant is associated with increased risk of developing chronic diseases, including metabolic diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology that results from the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. This condition increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The MS includes at least three of the following signs, central obesity, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, dyslipidemias, and hypertension. Here, we summarize the existing evidence of the multiple mechanisms triggered by arsenic to developing the cardinal signs of MS, showing that this pollutant could contribute to the multifactorial origin of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pánico
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Picones
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Guerrero-Palomo
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Eduardo Salgado-Bernabé
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Marcia Hiriart,
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22
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Morisawa S, Jobu K, Ishida T, Kawada K, Fukuda H, Kawanishi Y, Nakayama T, Yamamoto S, Tamura N, Takemura M, Kagimoto N, Ohta T, Masahira N, Fukuhara H, Ogura SI, Ueba T, Inoue K, Miyamura M. Association of 5-aminolevulinic acid with intraoperative hypotension in malignant glioma surgery. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102657. [PMID: 34848378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic malignant tumor diagnosis reportedly causes intraoperative hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 70 mmHg) during urologic surgery. However, its association with intraoperative hypotension in malignant glioma surgery and underlying mechanisms has not yet been elucidated.. This study aimed to investigate whether 5-aminolevulinic acid administration is associated with intraoperative hypotension in malignant glioma surgery and explore the mechanisms of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced hypotension in vitro. METHODS In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, we investigated intracellular nitric oxide as a candidate mediator of hypotension in response to 5-aminolevulinic acid in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures. RESULTS Of 142 patients, 94 underwent 5-aminolevulinic acid-guided surgery. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower throughout surgery with 5-aminolevulinic acid administration. 5-Aminolevulinic acid administration was an independent risk factor for intraoperative hypotension according to multivariable logistic regression analysis (89% vs. 56%; odds ratio = 6.72, 95% confidence interval [2.05-22.1], P = 002). In subgroup analysis of the 5-aminolevulinic acid group, increasing age and use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors had a synergistic effect with 5-aminolevulinic acid on decreased blood pressure. In the vascular endothelial cell culture study, 5-aminolevulinic acid induced a significant increase in intracellular nitric oxide generation. CONCLUSIONS 5-Aminolevulinic acid administration was associated with intraoperative hypotension in malignant glioma surgery, with increasing age and use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors boosting the blood pressure-lowering effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid. According to in vitro results, the low blood pressure induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid may be mediated by a nitric oxide increase in vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Morisawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
| | - Kohei Jobu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishida
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kei Kawada
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fukuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yu Kawanishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Taku Nakayama
- Center for Photodynamic Medicine, Kochi Medical School, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shinkuro Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Naohisa Tamura
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takemura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Nao Kagimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohta
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Hospital, 6-1 Kishibe Shimmachi, Suita Osaka, Japan
| | - Noritaka Masahira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1, Ike, Kochi, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Center for Photodynamic Medicine, Kochi Medical School, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro Ogura
- Center for Photodynamic Medicine, Kochi Medical School, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B47, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ueba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Center for Photodynamic Medicine, Kochi Medical School, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Miyamura
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko town, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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23
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Zhong C, Xu M, Boral S, Summer H, Lichtenberger FB, Erdoğan C, Gollasch M, Golz S, Persson PB, Schleifenbaum J, Patzak A, Khedkar PH. Age Impairs Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Function in Mouse Mesenteric Arteries. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111412. [PMID: 34768842 PMCID: PMC8584026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) comes with age, even without overt vessel damage such as that which occurs in atherosclerosis and diabetic vasculopathy. We hypothesized that aging would affect the downstream signalling of the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) system in the vascular smooth muscle (VSM). With this in mind, resistance mesenteric arteries were isolated from 13-week (juvenile) and 40-week-old (aged) mice and tested under isometric conditions using wire myography. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation was reduced in aged as compared to juvenile vessels. Pretreatment with L-NAME, which inhibits nitrix oxide synthases (NOS), decreased ACh-mediated vasorelaxation, whereby differences in vasorelaxation between groups disappeared. Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was similar in both groups; however, SNP bolus application (10−6 mol L−1) as well as soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activation by runcaciguat (10−6 mol L−1) caused faster responses in juvenile vessels. This was accompanied by higher cGMP concentrations and a stronger response to the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil in juvenile vessels. Mesenteric arteries and aortas did not reveal apparent histological differences between groups (van Gieson staining). The mRNA expression of the α1 and α2 subunits of sGC was lower in aged animals, as was PDE5 mRNA expression. In conclusion, vasorelaxation is compromised at an early age in mice even in the absence of histopathological alterations. Vascular smooth muscle sGC is a key element in aged vessel dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Minze Xu
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Sengül Boral
- Institute of Pathology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Holger Summer
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany; (H.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Falk-Bach Lichtenberger
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Cem Erdoğan
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Internal and Geriatric Medicine, University of Greifswald, Geriatric Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Golz
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany; (H.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Pontus B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Johanna Schleifenbaum
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pratik H. Khedkar
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
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24
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Effect of Third-Generation Beta Blockers on Weight Loss in a Population of Overweight-Obese Subjects in a Controlled Dietary Regimen. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:5767306. [PMID: 34603773 PMCID: PMC8486557 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5767306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity often develop in individuals with genetic susceptibility and concomitant risk factors; however, medications can represent precipitating factors in some cases: evidence suggests that some antihypertensive drugs can adversely affect energy homeostasis and metabolism. Aim The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether long-term therapy with a beta blocker impairs weight loss during a period of appropriate personalized hypocaloric diet and standardized physical activity in overweight and obese hypertensive patients in monotherapy and without comorbidities, compared to other antihypertensive drugs and to a control group not taking antihypertensive therapy. Subjects and Methods. We enrolled overweight and obese patients taking antihypertensive drugs; subjects were divided into 3 groups: those taking traditional beta blockers (bB group), those taking third-generation beta blockers (bB-3 group), and those taking other antihypertensive drugs (non-bB group). We also enrolled subjects receiving neither antihypertensive therapy nor other chronic medication in the prior 12 months as controls. All subjects underwent personalized hypocaloric diets for a period of 24 months with monthly follow-up. Anthropometric parameters were measured at enrollment and then monthly after diet prescription. Glucose and lipid values were assessed at baseline and at 12 and 24 months during dietary regimen. Results We enrolled a total of 120 overweight and obese patients aged 50.30 ± 1.13 years (mean ± standard deviation) with a mean BMI of 31.79 ± 0.65 kg/m2; 90 were taking antihypertensive drugs (no comorbidity and no polytherapy), while 30 subjects receiving neither antihypertensive therapy nor other chronic medication in the prior 12 months were considered as controls. After 6 months, the percent total weight loss (TWL%) was lower in the bB group (3.62 ± 1.96 versus 5.27 ± 1.76 in the bB-3 group, versus 5.15 ± 1.30 in the non-bB group, and versus 4.70 ± 0.87 in the control group), as well as their BMI. After 24 months, we kept finding the worst result in the bB group (TWL% = 9.22 ± 2.19 versus 12.79 ± 1.72 in the non-bB group and 12.28 ± 1.97 in the control group) with the best trend in the bB-3 group (TWL% = 16.19 ± 2.67).
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25
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Sasahara T, Satomura K, Tada M, Kakita A, Hoshi M. Alzheimer's Aβ assembly binds sodium pump and blocks endothelial NOS activity via ROS-PKC pathway in brain vascular endothelial cells. iScience 2021; 24:102936. [PMID: 34458695 PMCID: PMC8379508 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) may contribute to worsening of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through vascular dysfunction, but the molecular mechanism involved is unknown. Using ex vivo blood vessels and primary endothelial cells from human brain microvessels, we show that patient-derived Aβ assemblies, termed amylospheroids (ASPD), exist on the microvascular surface in patients' brains and inhibit vasorelaxation through binding to the α3 subunit of sodium, potassium-ATPase (NAKα3) in caveolae on endothelial cells. Interestingly, NAKα3 is also the toxic target of ASPD in neurons. ASPD-NAKα3 interaction elicits neurodegeneration through calcium overload in neurons, while the same interaction suppresses vasorelaxation by increasing the inactive form of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells via mitochondrial ROS and protein kinase C, independently of the physiological relaxation system. Thus, ASPD may contribute to both neuronal and vascular pathologies through binding to NAKα3. Therefore, blocking the ASPD-NAKα3 interaction may be a useful target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Sasahara
- Department for Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, CLIK 6F 6-3-7 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- TAO Health Life Pharma Co., Ltd., Med-Pharma Collaboration Bldg, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Satomura
- Department for Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, CLIK 6F 6-3-7 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- TAO Health Life Pharma Co., Ltd., Med-Pharma Collaboration Bldg, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mari Tada
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Minako Hoshi
- Department for Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, CLIK 6F 6-3-7 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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26
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Park JS, Lee GH, Jin SW, Pham TH, Thai TN, Kim JY, Kim CY, Han EH, Hwang YP, Choi CY, Jeong HG. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor regulates the KLF2-dependent eNOS expression by activating of Ca 2+ and EGFR signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114721. [PMID: 34363795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is important for maintaining normal blood vessel function by preventing endothelial cell dysfunction. It has been reported that G-1, an agonist of GPER, increases nitric oxide (NO) production through the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). However, the effect of GPER activation on eNOS expression has not been studied. Our results show that G-1 significantly increased the expression of eNOS and Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells. The individual silences of KLF2 and GPER attenuated G-1-induced eNOS expression. In addition, inhibition of the Gαq and Gβγ suppressed G-1-induced the expression of eNOS and KLF2 in EA.hy926 cells. Interestingly, these effects were similar in HUVECs. Furthermore, we found that GPER-mediated Ca2+ signaling increased the phosphorylation of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and CaMKIIα in the cells. The phosphorylation of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) by activation of AMPK and CaMKIIα increased the expression of eNOS via transcriptional activity of KLF2. We further demonstrate that GPER activation increased the phosphorylation of Src, EGFR, ERK5, and MEF2C and consequently induced the expression of eNOS and KLF2. Meanwhile, inhibition of ERK5 and HDAC5 suppressed the expression of eNOS and KLF2 induced by G-1 in the cells. These findings suggest that GPER provides a novel mechanism for understanding the regulation of eNOS expression and is an essential therapeutic target in preventing cardiovascular-related endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Song Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Hoa Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyet Ngan Thai
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Drug & Disease Target Research Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Pil Hwang
- Fisheries Promotion Division, Mokpo City, Mokpo 58613, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Yung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Li H, Nguyen H, Meda Venkata SP, Koh JY, Kowluru A, Li L, Rossi NF, Chen W, Wang JM. Novel Role of GPR35 (G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 35) in the Regulation of Endothelial Cell Function and Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2021; 78:816-830. [PMID: 34275335 PMCID: PMC8357038 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. GPR35 (G-protein–coupled receptor 35) is a poorly characterized receptor that has garnered increased interest as a therapeutic target through its implications in a range of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, but its biological functions stay largely unknown. The current study evaluated the effect of GPR35 on endothelial cell (EC) functions and hemodynamic homeostasis. In primary human aortic ECs, the expression of GPR35 was manipulated by transfections of adenovirus carrying either GPR35 cDNA or shRNA against GPR35, using adenovirus carrying β-gal as control. Mouse aortic ECs were isolated and cultured from GPR35 knockout and wild-type control mice. Our results indicated that genetic inhibition of GPR35 in human and mouse ECs significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. The GCH1 (guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I)-mediated biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin was enhanced, reducing intracellular superoxide. Knocking down GCH1 or eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) significantly blunted the robust angiogenesis induced by GPR35 suppression. Male GPR35 knockout mice demonstrated reduced basal arterial blood pressure and an attenuated onset of hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt induced hypertensive model compared with male GPR35 wild-type control mice in vivo, with concomitant improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation and decreased superoxide in isolated aortas. The difference in arterial blood pressure was absent between female GPR35 wild-type control and female GPR35 knockout mice. Our study provides novel insights into the roles of GPR35 in endothelial function and vascular tone modulation that critically contribute to the pathophysiology of blood pressure elevation. Antagonizing GPR35 activity might represent a potentially effective therapeutic approach to restore EC function and hemodynamic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (H.L., H.N., S.P.M.V., J.Y.K., A.K., J.-M.W.), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Huong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (H.L., H.N., S.P.M.V., J.Y.K., A.K., J.-M.W.), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Sai Pranathi Meda Venkata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (H.L., H.N., S.P.M.V., J.Y.K., A.K., J.-M.W.), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Jia Yi Koh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (H.L., H.N., S.P.M.V., J.Y.K., A.K., J.-M.W.), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (H.L., H.N., S.P.M.V., J.Y.K., A.K., J.-M.W.), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.,John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI (A.K., N.F.R.)
| | - Li Li
- Departments of Internal Medicine (L.L., N.F.R.), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Noreen F Rossi
- Departments of Internal Medicine (L.L., N.F.R.), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.,John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI (A.K., N.F.R.)
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology (W.C.), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.,School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute (W.C.), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Jie-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (H.L., H.N., S.P.M.V., J.Y.K., A.K., J.-M.W.), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.,Centers for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (J.-M.W.), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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28
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Alves-Silva JM, Zuzarte M, Girão H, Salgueiro L. The Role of Essential Oils and Their Main Compounds in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123506. [PMID: 34207498 PMCID: PMC8227493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health burden that greatly impact patient quality of life and account for a huge number of deaths worldwide. Despite current therapies, several side effects have been reported that compromise patient adherence; thus, affecting therapeutic benefits. In this context, plant metabolites, namely volatile extracts and compounds, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents. Indeed, these compounds, in addition to having beneficial bioactivities, are generally more amenable and present less side effects, allowing better patient tolerance. The present review is an updated compilation of the studies carried out in the last 20 years on the beneficial potential of essential oils, and their compounds, against major risk factors of CVDs. Overall, these metabolites show beneficial potential through a direct effect on these risk factors, namely hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, or by acting on related targets, or exerting general cellular protection. In general, monoterpenic compounds are the most studied regarding hypotensive and anti-dyslipidemic/antidiabetic properties, whereas phenylpropanoids are very effective at avoiding platelet aggregation. Despite the number of studies performed, clinical trials are sparse and several aspects related to essential oil’s features, namely volatility and chemical variability, need to be considered in order to guarantee their efficacy in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. Alves-Silva
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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29
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Oliveira KA, Torquato RJS, Lustosa DCGG, Ribeiro T, Nascimento BWL, de Oliveira LCG, Juliano MA, Paschoalin T, Lemos VS, Araujo RN, Pereira MH, Tanaka AS. Proteolytic activity of Triatoma infestans saliva associated with PAR-2 activation and vasodilation. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20200098. [PMID: 33747067 PMCID: PMC7939238 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is a
hematophagous insect and the main vector of Trypanosoma
cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). In the present study,
the authors investigated whether a serine protease activity from the saliva
of T. infestans has a role in vasomotor modulation, and in
the insect-blood feeding by cleaving and activating protease-activated
receptors (PARs). Methods T. infestans saliva was chromatographed as previously
reported for purification of triapsin, a serine protease. The cleavage
activity of triapsin on PAR peptides was investigated based on FRET
technology. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze the sites of PAR-2 peptide
cleaved by triapsin. NO measurements were performed using the DAN assay
(2,3-diaminonapthalene). The vasorelaxant activity of triapsin was measured
in vessels with or without functional endothelium pre-contracted with
phenylephrine (3 µM). Intravital microscopy was used to assess the effect of
triapsin on mouse skin microcirculation. Results Triapsin was able to induce hydrolysis of PAR peptides and showed a higher
preference for cleavage of the PAR-2 peptide. Analysis by mass spectrometry
confirmed a single cleavage site, which corresponds to the activation site
of the PAR-2 receptor. Triapsin induced dose-dependent NO release in
cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), reaching a maximum
effect at 17.58 nM. Triapsin purified by gel-filtration chromatography
(10-16 to 10-9 M) was applied cumulatively to
mouse mesenteric artery rings and showed a potent endothelium-dependent
vasodilator effect (EC30 = 10-12 M). Nitric oxide
seems to be partially responsible for this vasodilator effect because L-NAME
(L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester 300 µM), a nitric oxide synthetase
inhibitor, did not abrogate the vasodilation activated by triapsin.
Anti-PAR-2 antibody completely inhibited vasodilation observed in the
presence of triapsin activity. Triapsin activity also induced an increase in
the mouse ear venular diameter. Conclusion Data from this study suggest a plausible association between triapsin
activity mediated PAR-2 activation and vasodilation caused by T.
infestans saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla A Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J S Torquato
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela C G Garcia Lustosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tales Ribeiro
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno W L Nascimento
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lilian C G de Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology (INFAR), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria A Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology (INFAR), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaysa Paschoalin
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology (INFAR), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Virginia S Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo N Araujo
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Entomology (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos H Pereira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Entomology (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aparecida S Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Entomology (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Wang JC, Gu J, Li Y, Ma Q, Feng J, Lu S. Transforming growth factor-β1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase signaling were involved in effects of prostaglandin E 2 on progression of lower limb varicose veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2021; 9:1535-1544. [PMID: 33482378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The vital pathogenesis of varicose veins includes remodeling of the extracellular matrix and decreased vascular tone. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a small molecule substance and inflammatory medium that belongs to the arachidonic acid derivatives, has the capacity to influence the expression of metalloproteinase and the vascular tone of the venous wall. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of PGE2 in the development of varicose veins in lower limbs. METHODS The collected venous specimens were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, PGE2, CD31, and α-smooth muscle actin antibody were used to detect the expression and distribution of these proteins. The effect of PGE2 on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was detected in vitro. The effect of TGF-β1 on the expression of PGE2 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was assessed using Western blotting. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the effect of PGE2 on the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and other genes. RESULTS The expression of PGE2 and TGF-β1 in varicose veins was upregulated in the media tunica and intima tunica, and a strong positive correlation was found between PGE2 and TGF-β1 expression in both varicose veins (95% confidence interval, 0.5207-0.9582; R = 0.848; P = .0005) and normal veins (95% confidence interval, 0.2530-0.8532; R = 0.643; P = .003). PGE2 promoted the migration and tube formation ability of HUVECs. Moreover, PGE2 also upregulated the expression of MMP-1 and TGF-β1 in HUVECs and increased the mRNA level of inducible NOS. CONCLUSIONS PGE2 can affect the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and reduce the elasticity of the vascular walls by promoting the synthesis of TGF-β1 and MMP-1. PGE2 can also reduce the tension of the great saphenous vein by promoting the expression of inducible NOS, thus aggravating the blood stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Bercea CI, Cottrell GS, Tamagnini F, McNeish AJ. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and hypertension: a review of vasodilatory mechanisms of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:860-877. [PMID: 33283269 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is often characterised by impaired vasodilation involving dysfunction of multiple vasodilatory mechanisms. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can reduce blood pressure and vasodilation. In the endothelium, DHA and EPA improve function including increased NO bioavailability. However, animal studies show that DHA- and EPA-mediated vasodilation persists after endothelial removal, indicating a role for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The vasodilatory effects of ω-3 PUFAs on VSMCs are mediated via opening of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa ), ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP ) and possibly members of the Kv 7 family of voltage-activated potassium channels, resulting in hyperpolarisation and relaxation. ω-3 PUFA actions on BKCa and voltage-gated ion channels involve electrostatic interactions that are dependent on the polyunsaturated acyl tail, cis-geometry of these double bonds and negative charge of the carboxyl headgroup. This suggests structural manipulation of ω-3 PUFA could generate novel, targeted, therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana-Ioana Bercea
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Graeme S Cottrell
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Francesco Tamagnini
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alister J McNeish
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Carmona-Maurici J, Cuello E, Ricart-Jané D, Miñarro A, Baena-Fustegueras JA, Peinado-Onsurbe J, Pardina E. Effect of bariatric surgery on inflammation and endothelial dysfunction as processes underlying subclinical atherosclerosis in morbid obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:1961-1970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Schoina M, Loutradis C, Theodorakopoulou M, Dimitroulas T, Triantafillidou E, Doumas M, Karagiannis A, Garyfallos A, Papagianni A, Sarafidis P. The presence of diabetes mellitus further impairs structural and functional capillary density in patients with chronic kidney disease. Microcirculation 2020; 28:e12665. [PMID: 33064902 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction has been associated with increased cardiovascular events and overall mortality. Microvascular damage is prevalent both in diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our aim was to compare microcirculatory function parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD patients via nailfold video-capillaroscopy. METHODS We included 48 diabetic and 48 non-diabetic adult CKD patients. All participants underwent nailfold video-capillaroscopy, during which capillary density was measured at normal conditions (baseline), after a 4-minute arterial occlusion (postocclusive reactive hyperemia), and at the end of a 2-minute venous occlusion (congestion phase). RESULTS Diabetic patients presented significantly lower capillary density during reactive hyperemia (36.3 ± 3.8 vs 38.3 ± 4.3 capillaries/mm2 , P = .022) and at venous congestion (37.8 ± 4.0 vs 39.8 ± 4.2 capillaries/mm2 , P = .015). When stratified according to CKD stages, only in stage 3b capillary density was significantly lower in diabetic compared to non-diabetic subjects at baseline, during postocclusive hyperemia (36.8 ± 2.7 vs 40.0 ± 4.3 capillaries/mm2 , P = .037) and venous congestion (38.3 ± 2.8 vs 41.5 ± 3.5 capillaries/mm2 , P = .022). CONCLUSIONS Capillary density during postocclusive hyperemia and after venous congestion is lower in diabetic compared to non-diabetic CKD patients, a finding indicative that diabetes is an additional factor contributing to microcirculatory structural and functional impairment in CKD. These differences are more prominent in CKD stage 3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schoina
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Loutradis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marieta Theodorakopoulou
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Dimitroulas
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eva Triantafillidou
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Doumas
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asterios Karagiannis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Garyfallos
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papagianni
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis Sarafidis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Alexandrou ME, Gkaliagkousi Ε, Loutradis C, Dimitriadis C, Mitsopoulos E, Lazaridis A, Nikolaidou B, Dolgiras P, Douma S, Papagianni A, Sarafidis PA. Haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients have severely impaired post-occlusive skin forearm vasodilatory response assessed with laser speckle contrast imaging. Clin Kidney J 2020; 14:1419-1427. [PMID: 33959270 PMCID: PMC8087130 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular events and mortality in various disease states, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Novel technological approaches have emerged for real-time assessment of endothelial reactivity. This study examined skin microcirculation using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) before and after arterial occlusion in ESRD patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods The 38 HD patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio with 38 PD patients (for age, sex and dialysis vintage) and 38 controls (for age and sex). Skin microvascular reactivity parameters assessed with LSCI included baseline perfusion, occlusion perfusion and peak perfusion during post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH); time to peak perfusion; proportional change from baseline to peak perfusion; baseline and peak cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC); proportional change from baseline to peak CVC and amplitude of the PORH response (i.e. the difference between peak and baseline CVC). Results Baseline perfusion [HD: 46.97 ± 14.6; PD: 49.32 ± 18.07; controls: 42.02 ± 11.94 laser specle perfusion units (LSPU), P = 0.097] and peak post-occlusion perfusion (104.77 ± 28.68 versus 109.04 ± 40.77 versus 116.96 ± 30.96 LSPU, P = 0.238) did not differ significantly between groups. However, the post-occlusive vascular response was completely different since the proportional increase from baseline to peak perfusion (HD: 133 ± 66; PD: 149 ± 125; controls: 187 ± 61%, P = 0.001) was significantly lower in ESRD patients and time to peak response was lower in HD but similar in PD patients compared with controls (HD: 7.24 ± 6.99; PD: 10.68 ± 9.45; controls: 11.11 ± 5.1 s, Kruskal–Wallis P = 0.003; pairwise comparisons: HD versus controls, P = 0.002; HD versus PD, P = 0.154; PD versus controls, P = 0.406). ESRD patients also had lower levels of peak CVC, indicating the maximum capillary recruitment (HD: 1.05 ± 0.3; PD: 1.07 ± 0.44; controls: 1.57 ± 0.52 LSPU/mmHg, P < 0.001), lower proportional increase of CVC at peak (P < 0.001) and lower amplitude of the PORH response, a measure of the difference between baseline and maximum capillary recruitment (P = 0.001). Conclusions Using this novel non-invasive technology, endothelial post-occlusive forearm skin vasodilatory response was found to be similar between HD and PD patients and significantly impaired compared with controls. Future studies are needed to assess the prognostic implications of this microcirculatory functional defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Alexandrou
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Nephrology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Εugenia Gkaliagkousi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Loutradis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos Dimitriadis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Antonios Lazaridis
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Barbara Nikolaidou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Dolgiras
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Douma
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papagianni
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis A Sarafidis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rapid Lipid Modification of Endothelial Cell Membranes in Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Reduce Infarct Size. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:113-123. [PMID: 33079319 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plasma membranes constitute a gathering point for lipids and signaling proteins. Lipids are known to regulate the location and activity of signaling proteins under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Membrane lipid therapies (MLTs) that gradually modify lipid content of plasma membranes have been developed to treat chronic disease; however, no MLTs have been developed to treat acute conditions such as reperfusion injury following myocardial infarction (MI) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A fusogenic nanoliposome (FNL) that rapidly incorporates exogenous unsaturated lipids into endothelial cell (EC) membranes was developed to attenuate reperfusion-induced protein signaling. We hypothesized that administration of intracoronary (IC) FNL-MLT interferes with EC membrane protein signaling, leading to reduced microvascular dysfunction and infarct size (IS). METHODS Using a myocardial ischemia/reperfusion swine model, the efficacy of FNL-MLT in reducing IS following a 60-min coronary artery occlusion was tested. Animals were randomized to receive IC Ringer's lactate solution with or without 10 mg/mL/min of FNLs for 10 min prior to reperfusion (n = 6 per group). RESULTS The IC FNL-MLT reduced IS (25.45 ± 16.4% vs. 49.7 ± 14.1%, P < 0.02) and enhanced regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) in the ischemic zone at 15 min of reperfusion (2.13 ± 1.48 mL/min/g vs. 0.70 ± 0.43 mL/min/g, P < 0.001). The total cumulative plasma levels of the cardiac injury biomarker cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were trending downward but were not significant (999.3 ± 38.7 ng/mL vs. 1456.5 ± 64.8 ng/mL, P = 0.1867). However, plasma levels of heart-specific fatty acid binding protein (hFABP), another injury biomarker, were reduced at 2 h of reperfusion (70.3 ± 38.0 ng/mL vs. 137.3 ± 58.2 ng/mL, P = 0.0115). CONCLUSION: The IC FNL-MLT reduced IS compared to vehicle in this swine model. The FNL-MLT maybe a promising adjuvant to PCI in the treatment of acute MI.
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Ramos Gonzalez M, DeConne TM. Saying NO to fetal growth restriction: Implications for beetroot juice and melatonin. J Physiol 2020; 598:5611-5612. [PMID: 32965672 DOI: 10.1113/jp280471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodore M DeConne
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Gouaref I, Bouazza A, Abderrhmane SA, Koceir EA. Lipid Profile Modulates Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers Including Hypertension in People with Type-2 Diabetes: A Focus on Unbalanced Ratio of Plasma Polyunsaturated/Saturated Fatty Acids. Molecules 2020; 25:E4315. [PMID: 32962299 PMCID: PMC7570813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with lipid metabolism disorder, particularly elevated plasma levels of non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFFA) and an increased cardiovascular disease risk, such as essential hypertension (H). The plasma unbalance of saturated fatty acid (SFA)/polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio is a likely contributor, but the mechanisms involved are not clearly elucidated. The aim of this study is to explore the association between plasma SFA/PUFA ratio and the clusters of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), including the atherogenic biomarkers, inflammatory status, feeding patterns, and physical activity in people with T2DM with or without essential hypertension. The study was conducted on 784 adult male and female participants, aged between 30 and 50 years, and divided into 3 groups: 100 T2DM without hypertension (D); 368 T2DM with hypertension (DM); and 316 hypertensive participants without T2DM (H). All Participants were phenotyped regarding CMS clusters according to the NCEP/ATPIII criteria. Insulin resistance was assessed by Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA model). Metabolic, atherogenic, and inflammatory parameters were analyzed by biochemical methods; NEFFA by microfluorimetry; SFA, PUFA-n6 and PUFA-n3 by gas phase chromatography. Dietary lipids and physical activity were analyzed through the use of validated questionnaires. The clusters of CMS were found in all groups. Dyslipidemia was correlated with accretion NEFFA levels in all groups, but more accentuated in the DH group (r = +0.77; p < 0.001). Similarly, plasma PUFA/SFA ratio and PUFA-3 level was lower, concomitantly with a higher plasma ApoB100/ApoA1 (p < 0.001), lipoprotein (a), homocysteine (p < 0.001), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL1-β) in the DH group. Likewise, the depletion of PUFA-n3/PUFA-n6 ratio is associated with the decrease of omega 3-DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and omega 3-EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) (p < 0.001). It appears that the PUFAs-n3 ratio modulates cardiometabolic risk, inflammatory state and atherogenic biomarkers. The plasma unbalanced ratio of SFA/PUFA reflects dietary fatty acids intake. The contribution of dietary lipids is undisputed. Nutritional recommendations are required to determine the fatty acids ratio (saturated and unsaturated) provided in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Gouaref
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16123 Algiers, Algeria; (I.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Asma Bouazza
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16123 Algiers, Algeria; (I.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Samir Ait Abderrhmane
- Diabetology Unit, University Hospital Center, Mohamed Seghir Nekkache, 244 (16208-Kouba) Algiers, Algeria;
| | - Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16123 Algiers, Algeria; (I.G.); (A.B.)
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Shi Y, Leung SWS. Long-term nitric oxide synthase inhibition prevents 17β-estradiol-induced suppression of cyclooxygenase-dependent contractions and enhancement of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization-like relaxation in mesenteric arteries of ovariectomized rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173275. [PMID: 32535100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, the effects of 17β-estradiol supplement on endothelial function were examined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats following long-term inhibition of NO synthases with L-NAME. Female Sprague Dawley rats were ovariectomized at 12 weeks old. They were supplemented with 17β-estradiol (25 μg/kg/day, intramuscularly) or its vehicle (olive oil) until they were killed. At 18 weeks old, they were administered daily with NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (60 mg/kg, by gavage) or its vehicle (distilled water) for 6 weeks. Rats were then anesthetized for blood pressure measurement and for isolation of mesenteric arteries and aortae for isometric tension measurement. Long-term L-NAME-treatment, without or with 17β-estradiol supplement, resulted in reduced plasma nitrite/nitrate level without causing an increase in blood pressure in OVX rats. Acute inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) with indomethacin improved relaxations of mesenteric arteries to the calcium ionophore A23187 in OVX rats, and in those with long-term L-NAME-treatment without or with 17β-estradiol supplement, but not in those with female hormone supplement only. 17β-estradiol supplement or long-term L-NAME-treatment resulted in a greater endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization-like relaxation in mesenteric arteries. In the quiescent aorta, 17β-estradiol supplement or long-term L-NAME-treatment unmasked the COX-dependent components of A23187-induced contractions, but prevented that of the smooth muscle contractions to U46619 in OVX rats. In summary, long-term 17β-estradiol-supplement results in differential effects in different blood vessel types, and its beneficial vascular effects are masked under the conditions with NO synthase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Susan Wai Sum Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Dagnino APA, Campos MM, Silva RBM. Kinins and Their Receptors in Infectious Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090215. [PMID: 32867272 PMCID: PMC7558425 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinins and their receptors have been implicated in a series of pathological alterations, representing attractive pharmacological targets for several diseases. The present review article aims to discuss the role of the kinin system in infectious diseases. Literature data provides compelling evidence about the participation of kinins in infections caused by diverse agents, including viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan, and helminth-related ills. It is tempting to propose that modulation of kinin actions and production might be an adjuvant strategy for management of infection-related complications.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Adiponectin-Induced Attenuation of Mechanical Stretch-Mediated Vascular Remodeling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6425782. [PMID: 32566092 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6425782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension induces vascular hypertrophy, which changes blood vessels structurally and functionally, leading to reduced tissue perfusion and further hypertension. It is also associated with dysregulated levels of the circulating adipokines leptin and adiponectin (APN). Leptin is an obesity-associated hormone that promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy. APN is a cardioprotective hormone that has been shown to attenuate hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of hypertension-induced VSMC remodeling and the involvement of leptin and APN in this process. To mimic hypertension, the rat portal vein (RPV) was mechanically stretched, and the protective effects of APN on mechanical stretch-induced vascular remodeling and the molecular mechanisms involved were examined by using 10 μg/ml APN. Mechanically stretching the RPV significantly decreased APN protein expression after 24 hours and APN mRNA expression in a time-dependent manner in VSMCs. The mRNA expression of the APN receptors AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin significantly increased after 15 hours of stretch. The ratio of APN/leptin expression in VSMCs significantly decreased after 24 hours of mechanical stretch. Stretching the RPV for 3 days increased the weight and [3H]-leucine incorporation significantly, whereas APN significantly reduced hypertrophy in mechanically stretched vessels. Stretching the RPV for 10 minutes significantly decreased phosphorylation of LKB1, AMPK, and eNOS, while APN significantly increased p-LKB1, p-AMPK, and p-eNOS in stretched vessels. Mechanical stretch significantly increased p-ERK1/2 after 10 minutes, whereas APN significantly reduced stretch-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Stretching the RPV also significantly increased ROS generation after 1 hour, whereas APN significantly decreased mechanical stretch-induced ROS production. Exogenous leptin (3.1 nM) markedly increased GATA-4 nuclear translocation in VSMCs, whereas APN significantly attenuated leptin-induced GATA-4 nuclear translocation. Our results decipher molecular mechanisms of APN-induced attenuation of mechanical stretch-mediated vascular hypertrophy, with the promising potential of ultimately translating this protective hormone into the clinic.
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Yamagata K. Polyphenols Regulate Endothelial Functions and Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2443-2458. [PMID: 31333108 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that intake of polyphenols through the consumption of vegetables and fruits reduces the risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) by potentially influencing endothelial cell function. OBJECTIVE In this review, the effects and molecular mechanisms of plant polyphenols, particularly resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and quercetin, on endothelial functions, and their putative protective effects against CVD are described. METHODS Epidemiologic studies examined the effect of the CVD risk of vegetables and the fruit. Furthermore, studies within vitro models investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of the action of the flavonoid class of polyphenols. These findings help elucidate the effect of polyphenols on endothelial function and CVD risk reduction. RESULTS Epidemiologic and in vitro studies have demonstrated that the consumption of vegetables and fruits decreases the incidence of CVDs. Furthermore, it has also been indicated that dietary polyphenols are inversely related to the risk of CVD. Resveratrol, EGCG, and quercetin prevent oxidative stress by regulating the expression of oxidase and the antioxidant enzyme genes, contributing to the prevention of stroke, hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. CONCLUSION High intake of dietary polyphenols may help prevent CVD. Polyphenols inhibit endothelial dysfunction and induce vascular endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation viz. redox regulation and nitric oxide production. The polyphenol-induced healthy endothelial cell function may be related to CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Laboratory of Molecular Health Science of Food, Department of Food Science & Technology, Nihon University (NUBS), 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan
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Sukumaran V, Tsuchimochi H, Sonobe T, Waddingham MT, Shirai M, Pearson JT. Liraglutide treatment improves the coronary microcirculation in insulin resistant Zucker obese rats on a high salt diet. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:24. [PMID: 32093680 PMCID: PMC7038553 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, hypertension and prediabetes contribute greatly to coronary artery disease, heart failure and vascular events, and are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed societies. Salt sensitivity exacerbates endothelial dysfunction. Herein, we investigated the effect of chronic glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation on the coronary microcirculation and cardiac remodeling in Zucker rats on a high-salt diet (6% NaCl). METHODS Eight-week old Zucker lean (+/+) and obese (fa/fa) rats were treated with vehicle or liraglutide (LIRA) (0.1 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using tail-cuff method in conscious rats. Myocardial function was assessed by echocardiography. Synchrotron contrast microangiography was then used to investigate coronary arterial vessel function (vessels 50-350 µm internal diameter) in vivo in anesthetized rats. Myocardial gene and protein expression levels of vasoactive factors, inflammatory, oxidative stress and remodeling markers were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS We found that in comparison to the vehicle-treated fa/fa rats, rats treated with LIRA showed significant improvement in acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation in the small arteries and arterioles (< 150 µm diameter). Neither soluble guanylyl cyclase or endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) mRNA levels or total eNOS protein expression in the myocardium were significantly altered by LIRA. However, LIRA downregulated Nox-1 mRNA (p = 0.030) and reduced ET-1 protein (p = 0.044) expression. LIRA significantly attenuated the expressions of proinflammatory and profibrotic associated biomarkers (NF-κB, CD68, IL-1β, TGF-β1, osteopontin) and nitrotyrosine in comparison to fa/fa-Veh rats, but did not attenuate perivascular fibrosis appreciably. CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of metabolic syndrome, chronic LIRA treatment improved the capacity for NO-mediated dilation throughout the coronary macro and microcirculations and partially normalized myocardial remodeling independent of changes in body mass or blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Sukumaran
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Takashi Sonobe
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Mark T Waddingham
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medical Research in Pulmonary Hypertension, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - James T Pearson
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
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Zhao Y, Zhu J, Liang H, Yang S, Zhang Y, Han W, Chen C, Cao N, Aruhan, Liang P, Du X, Huang J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yang B. Kang Le Xin Reduces Blood Pressure Through Inducing Endothelial-Dependent Vasodilation by Activating the AMPK-eNOS Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1548. [PMID: 32038237 PMCID: PMC6990110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular events in clinic, which is accompanied by the abnormality of vascular tone and endothelial dysfunction of small artery. Here we report that Kang Le Xin (KLX), a novel anthraquinones compound, could reduce blood pressure and the underlying mechanisms involves that KLX induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation. KLX significantly decreases the arterial blood pressure of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), decreases the contractile reactivity of superior mesenteric artery to phenylephrine and increases the vasodilatory reactivity of superior mesenteric artery to carbachol in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, KLX reduces vascular tension of endothelium-intact mesenteric artery pre-constricted with phenylephrine in a dose-dependent manner, while this effect is inhibited by depriving vascular endothelium or pretreating vascular rings with L-NAME (endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or compound C (AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor). Moreover, KLX increases nitric oxide (NO) generation, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), AKT and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), while these effects are inhibited by pretreating cells with compound C. In conclusion, KLX is a new compound with the pharmacological action of reducing arterial blood pressure. The underlying mechanism involves KLX induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation through activating AMPK-AKT-eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiu Zhao
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiuxin Zhu
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hangfei Liang
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weina Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Cao
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Aruhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peiqiang Liang
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Du
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Li N, Ma R, Wang S, Zhao Y, Wang P, Yang Z, Jin L, Zhang P, Ding H, Bai F, Yu J. The potential role of testosterone in hypertension and target organ damage in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:743-752. [PMID: 31118595 PMCID: PMC6501555 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s195498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to confirm the potential role of testosterone in hypertension and target organ damage (TOD) in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Methods: A matched group study was conducted. One hundred sixty-one hypertensive postmenopausal women between 45 and 65 years of age were enrolled as group 1. Another 161 age-matched hypertensive men were enrolled as group 2. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiographic imaging, vascular function, sex hormones and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Quantitative data were analyzed using independent Student’s t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean and load level of blood pressure were lower in women than in men (P<0.05), except for the mean level and load of the nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) (123.77±15.72 mmHg vs 126.35±15.64 mmHg, and 50.43±30.31% vs 55.35±28.51%, P>0.05). However, the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) in women was higher than that in men (9.68±2.23 m/s vs 8.03±2.82 m/s, P<0.05). The ratio of the early diastolic mitral peak flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/Em) was obviously impaired (13.06±3.53 vs 12.05±3.68, P<0.05) in women. Furthermore, in women, a positive correlation was found between testosterone and cf-PWV (γ=0.157, P=0.046), and Cf-PWV was positively related to the mean level of nighttime SBP (γ=0.210, P=0.008). Moreover, nocturnal SBP was a risk factor for E/Em (γ=0.156, P=0.048, P<0.05). Conclusion: Testosterone may play a role in the correlation between hypertension and TOD in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Clinical Trial number: This research study was registered under the ClinicalTrials.gov PRS Website (NCT03451747).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixin Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhitao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
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Twelve-Week Protocatechuic Acid Administration Improves Insulin-Induced and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Induced Vasorelaxation and Antioxidant Activities in Aging Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030699. [PMID: 30934575 PMCID: PMC6471824 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a strong antioxidant, has been reported for its cardiovascular-protective effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PCA administration on vascular endothelial function, mediated by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and antioxidant activities in aging hypertension. Thirty-six-week-old male aging spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into vehicle control (SHR) and PCA (SHR+PCA) groups, while age-matched Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY) served as the normotensive vehicle control group. The oral PCA (200 mg/kg/day) was administered daily for a total of 12 weeks. When the rats reached the age of 48 weeks, the rat aortas were isolated for the evaluation of vascular reactivity and Western blotting. Also, nitric oxide (NO) production and antioxidant activities were examined among the three groups. The results showed that, when compared with the SHR group, the insulin-induced and IGF-1-induced vasorelaxation were significantly improved in the SHR+PCA group. There was no significant difference in the endothelium-denuded vessels among the three groups. After the pre-incubation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors, the vasorelaxation was abolished and comparable among the three groups. The protein levels of insulin receptors, IGF-1 receptors, phospho-protein kinase B (p-Akt)/Akt, and phospho-endothelial NOS (p-eNOS)/eNOS in aortic tissues were significantly enhanced in the SHR+PCA group when compared with the SHR group. Moreover, significant improvements of nitrate/nitrite concentration and antioxidant activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidants, were also found in the SHR+PCA group. In conclusion, the 12 weeks of PCA administration remarkably improved the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by insulin and IGF-1 in aging hypertension through enhancing the PI3K–NOS–NO pathway. Furthermore, the enhanced antioxidant activities partly contributed to the improved vasorelaxation.
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Gamede M, Mabuza L, Ngubane P, Khathi A. Plant-Derived Oleanolic Acid (OA) Ameliorates Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in a Diet-Induced Pre-Diabetic Rat Model: Effects on Selected Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020340. [PMID: 30669379 PMCID: PMC6359497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of prediabetes is associated with risk factors such as chronic consumption of an unhealthy diet. Recent studies have reported that diet-induced pre-diabetes is also associated with risk factors of cardiovascular complications, hence this study was aimed at evaluating the effects of oleanolic acid (OA) on pre-diabetes rats. Pre-diabetes was induced by chronic exposure of Sprague Dawley rats (SD) to high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (20 weeks), whereas the non-pre-diabetes control (NC) was given standard rat chow. Pre-diabetes animals were grouped into five groups namely prediabetes control (PC), metformin treated (Met), metformin with diet intervention (Met + DI), oleanolic acid treated (OA), and oleanolic acid with diet intervention (OA + DI) then treated for 12 weeks. At the end of treatment, all animals were sacrificed where organs and tissues were harvested for biochemical analysis and histological studies. The results showed that PC had a significantly higher triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and hearts weights in comparison to NC (p < 0.05). However, the administration of OA, in both the presence and absence of dietary intervention showed a significant decrease in TGs, LDL-C, IL-6, TNFα, CRP, MAP, hearts weights (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of OA was able to lower the risks of developing CVDs in pre-diabetes rat model through ameliorating dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, hypertension, and low-grade inflammation. Therefore OA has the potential to be used as an alternative treatment to prevent the onset of CVDs during pre-diabetes stage even in the absence of dietary and lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mlindeli Gamede
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa.
| | - Lindokuhle Mabuza
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa.
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa.
| | - Andile Khathi
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa.
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Boudaka A, Al-Suleimani M, Al-Lawati I, Baomar H, Al-Siyabi S, Zadjali F. Downregulation of endothelial transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 channel underlines impaired endothelial nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in the mesenteric arteries of hypertensive rats. Physiol Res 2019; 68:219-231. [PMID: 30628831 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium contributes to the maintenance of vasodilator tone by releasing endothelium-derived relaxing factors, including nitric oxide (NO). In hypertension, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces less NO and could be one of the contributing factors to the increased peripheral vascular resistance. Agonist-induced Ca(2+) entry is essential for the activation of eNOS. The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channel, a Ca(2+)-permeant cation channel, is expressed in the endothelial cells and involved in the regulation of vascular tone. The present study aimed to investigate the role of TRPV4 channel in endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxation of the resistance artery in hypertensive rats. Using a wire myograph, relaxation response to the TRPV4 activator, 4alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (4alphaPDD) was assessed in mesenteric arteries obtained from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Compared to WKY, SHR demonstrated a significantly attenuated 4alphaPDD-induced endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive staining for TRPV4 in the endothelium of mesenteric artery sections in both WKY and SHR. Furthermore, TRPV4 mRNA and protein expressions in SHR were significantly lower than their expression levels in WKY rats. We conclude that 4alphaPDD-induced endothelium-dependent NO-mediated vasorelaxation is reduced in SHR and downregulation of TRPV4 could be one of the contributing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boudaka
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Sultanate of Oman.
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Frisbee JC, Lewis MT, Wiseman RW. Skeletal muscle performance in metabolic disease: Microvascular or mitochondrial limitation or both? Microcirculation 2018; 26:e12517. [PMID: 30471168 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the clearly established health outcomes associated with chronic metabolic diseases (eg, type II diabetes mellitus) is that the ability of skeletal muscle to maintain contractile performance during periods of elevated metabolic demand is compromised as compared to the fatigue-resistance of muscle under normal, healthy conditions. While there has been extensive effort dedicated to determining the major factors that contribute to the compromised performance of skeletal muscle with chronic metabolic disease, the extent to which this poor outcome reflects a dysfunctional state of the microcirculation, where the delivery and distribution of metabolic substrates can be impaired, versus derangements to normal metabolic processes and mitochondrial function, versus a combination of the two, represents an area of considerable unknown. The purpose of this manuscript is to present some of the current concepts for dysfunction to both the microcirculation of skeletal muscle as well as to mitochondrial metabolism under these conditions, such that these diverse issues can be merged into an integrated framework for future investigation. Based on an interpretation of the current literature, it may be hypothesized that the primary site of dysfunction with earlier stages of metabolic disease may lie at the level of the vasculature, rather than at the level of the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew T Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Robert W Wiseman
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Belemnaba L, Ouédraogo S, Nitiéma M, Chataigneau T, Guissou IP, Schini-Kerth VB, Bucher B, Auger C. An aqueous extract of the Anogeissus leiocarpus bark (AEAL) induces the endothelium-dependent relaxation of porcine coronary artery rings involving predominantly nitric oxide. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:599-608. [PMID: 29723154 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anogeissus leiocarpus is a Sahel tree traditionally used by the residents of Burkina Faso for its antihypertensive properties. In this study, experiments were conducted to evaluate whether an aqueous extract of the Anogeissus leiocarpus (AEAL) trunk bark induces a vasorelaxant effect on porcine coronary artery rings and to investigate the underlying mechanism. METHODS AEAL-induced relaxations were assessed using porcine coronary artery rings suspended in organ chambers. The phosphorylation levels of Src, Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were assessed in a primary endothelial cell culture by Western blot. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was assessed using dihydroethidine. RESULTS In porcine coronary artery rings, AEAL at 0.1-300 μg/mL induced endothelium-dependent relaxations, which were inhibited in the presence of inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) and the endothelium-derived hyperpolarization pathways. Moreover, the AEAL-induced NO-mediated relaxations were significantly reduced by the inhibitors of Src and PI3-kinase as well as by the membrane-permeant ROS scavengers. In cultured porcine coronary artery endothelial cells, treatment with AEAL is associated with an intracellular generation of ROS. Moreover, the AEAL induced the phosphorylations of Akt (Ser473), eNOS (Ser1177) and a transient phosphorylation of Src (Ser17) in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that AEAL is a potent inducer of endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxations in porcine coronary arteries through the redox-sensitive Src/PI3-kinase/Akt pathway-dependent activation of eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazare Belemnaba
- CNRST/IRSS/MEPHATRA-Ph, 03 BP 7192 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, West Africa
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa, Phone: (00226) 78848155
| | - Sylvin Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Mathieu Nitiéma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
- Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Thierry Chataigneau
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Innocent Pierre Guissou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
- Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Bernard Bucher
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Cyril Auger
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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The Roles of Primary Cilia in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120233. [PMID: 30486394 PMCID: PMC6315816 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles found in most mammalian cell types. Cilia act as sensory organelles that transmit extracellular clues into intracellular signals for molecular and cellular responses. Biochemical and molecular defects in primary cilia are associated with a wide range of diseases, termed ciliopathies, with phenotypes ranging from polycystic kidney disease, liver disorders, mental retardation, and obesity to cardiovascular diseases. Primary cilia in vascular endothelia protrude into the lumen of blood vessels and function as molecular switches for calcium (Ca2+) and nitric oxide (NO) signaling. As mechanosensory organelles, endothelial cilia are involved in blood flow sensing. Dysfunction in endothelial cilia contributes to aberrant fluid-sensing and thus results in vascular disorders, including hypertension, aneurysm, and atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the most recent findings on the roles of endothelial primary cilia within vascular biology and alludes to the possibility of primary cilium as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disorders.
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