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Ji S, Xu S, Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Liu T. The relationship between nomophobia and latent classes of personality. Psych J 2024. [PMID: 38692576 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of nomophobia, defined as the anxiety experienced when a person is without their mobile phone or is unable to use it, has been identified as having serious negative effects on individuals, particularly students. Previous research has explored the relationship between personality traits and nomophobia, but the findings have been inconclusive. The main objective of this study was to classify personality types through latent class analysis and explore the relationship between these personality types and nomophobia. The Chinese version of the Nomophobia Scale and the Chinese brief version of the Big Five Personality Inventory were used in this study to survey 1906 Chinese college students. The results indicated that (1) a four-class model provided the best fit and categorized the personality traits as the overcontrolled class, resilient class, moderate class, and vulnerable class; (2) significant differences were observed between the four personality types and nomophobia, with overcontrolled and resilient personality types consistently scoring significantly lower than moderate and vulnerable personality types. Our finding highlights the key feature of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxin Ji
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Suwei Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
| | - Tour Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
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2
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Tang Y, Wang B, Xu C, Xie X. How COVID-19 Information Fear of Missing out Increases the Risk of Depression and Anxiety: Roles of Resilience and Personality Types. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:359. [PMID: 38785850 PMCID: PMC11118141 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During major health emergencies (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) people often fear missing relevant information. COVID-19 information fear of missing out (FOMO) is a phenomenon where people feel anxiety about losing control of COVID-19-related information. The present study aimed to examine how COVID-19 information FOMO relates to mental health (e.g., depression and anxiety), the mediating role of resilience, and the moderating role of personality types during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed 1442 Chinese undergraduates (Mage = 21.68 ± 2.35 years) on the relevant variables. The results showed that COVID-19 information FOMO was positively associated with depression and anxiety, and resilience mediated these associations. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified three personality types (undercontrolled, adaptive, and overcontrolled). Personality types moderated the mediation models, in which the indirect effects were only significant in the participants classified in the undercontrolled group rather than the participants classified in the other two groups. This study told us that undergraduates' mental health, particularly that of the undercontrollers, should be paid attention to when responding to a major public health emergency (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Tang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.T.); (C.X.)
| | - Binbin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.T.); (C.X.)
| | - Xiaochun Xie
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.T.); (C.X.)
- Research Center of Mental Health Education in Northeast Normal University, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science in Universities in Jilin Province, Changchun 130024, China
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3
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Lan X, Mastrotheodoros S. Teacher Autonomy Support and Internalizing Problems of Adolescents from Divorced and Intact Families: Moderation by Personality Typologies. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:182-194. [PMID: 35789448 PMCID: PMC10796540 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present research compared internalizing problems of adolescents who experienced parental divorce with those of adolescents who remained in intact families. Furthermore, this research investigated the association of teacher autonomy support with adolescents' internalizing problems for the whole sample and further ascertained whether this association was moderated by distinctive personality profiles using a person-centered approach and family structures (divorced vs. intact families). A sample of 2756 Chinese adolescents (8.5% from divorced families), aged 13-18 years, participated in the present research. They completed a set of self-reported questionnaires during school hours. Results based on ANCOVA showed that adolescents who experienced parental divorce reported higher internalizing problems than did those who remained in intact families. Moreover, latent profile analysis revealed three personality profiles: psychopathic (22.7%), normative (56.4%), and resilient (20.9%). In addition, teacher autonomy support was negatively related to adolescents' internalizing problems in the overall sample. However, interaction analyses further exhibited that this association was insignificant for psychopathic adolescents who experienced parental divorce. The current findings indicate that although teacher autonomy support may protect adolescents from internalizing problems, psychopathic adolescents whose parents got divorced should be paid exceptional attention by mental health professionals and school counselors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lan
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Stefanos Mastrotheodoros
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Varo C, Aires-González MDM, García-Jiménez M, Trigo ME, Cano-García FJ. Effective Coping with Academic Stress Is a Matter of Personality Types: Revisiting the Person-Centred Approach. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:687. [PMID: 37622827 PMCID: PMC10451618 DOI: 10.3390/bs13080687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent literature provides alarming data on the increase in university academic stress. The role of personality in understanding and addressing this problem is well established. However, this evidence could be improved by adopting a person-centred approach (e.g., types), as opposed to the usual variable-centred approach (e.g., traits), and considering the role of gender. Our aim was to explore how personality types and gender relate to coping strategies and perceived coping efficacy for academic stress. A total of 810 university psychology students completed the NEO-FFI Inventory and the Coping Strategies Inventory. Post hoc tests for MANOVA and ANOVA were performed. Types and gender were used as predictors and coping strategies, and perceived coping efficacy as criteria. There was no type-gender interaction. Types combining low neuroticism-high conscientiousness (e.g., entrepreneur) chose the most adaptive coping strategies and showed the highest levels of perceived coping efficacy, while high neuroticism-low conscientiousness types (e.g., insecure) opted for maladaptive coping strategies and presented the lowest perceived coping efficacy. Gender was not associated with perceived coping efficacy but with use (e.g., women prefer emotional expression). The personality typology provided useful information on individual differences in coping with academic stress, which can help guide specific strategies to manage it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Varo
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; (C.V.); (M.d.M.A.-G.)
| | - María del Mar Aires-González
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; (C.V.); (M.d.M.A.-G.)
| | - María García-Jiménez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; (M.G.-J.); (M.E.T.)
| | - María Eva Trigo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; (M.G.-J.); (M.E.T.)
| | - Francisco Javier Cano-García
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; (C.V.); (M.d.M.A.-G.)
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Lassri D. Psychological distress among teaching staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: A transdiagnostic perspective on profiles of risk and resilience. TEACHING AND TEACHER EDUCATION 2023; 128:104143. [PMID: 37041992 PMCID: PMC10080283 DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2023.104143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Teaching staff are especially vulnerable to COVID-19-related stress, due to the significant demands they have experienced. Yet, many have shown resilience-good mental health despite stress exposure. The current study used a person-centered approach to identify distinct profiles according to individual differences in psychosocial risk and protective factors. Latent Profile Analysis and ANOVAs were employed among 350 Israeli teaching staff during the fourth wave of COVID-19. Two distinct profiles, "risk" (55%) and "resilience" (45%) were identified. While groups showed no differences in COVID-19-related stress outcomes, they consistently differed in their psychological reaction to COVID-19 (psychopathology, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lassri
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL (University College London), UK
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Hao R, Zuo J, Jin H, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Qi Y, Qi J, Xia J, Wu Y, Hu J. Anxiety-associated factors among employees with different personality profiles: a cross-sectional study in China. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1043339. [PMID: 37425164 PMCID: PMC10325660 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1043339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anxiety not only harms employees' work efficiency and satisfaction but also presents as a hazard to their mental health. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety among Chinese employees, identify their personality profiles and explore the anxiety-related factors in different personality profiles. Methods This national investigation adopted the multistage random sampling method to recruit employees. A total of 3,875 employees were enrolled in this study, and 39.1% (1,515/3,875) of them were experiencing anxiety at the time of the study. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify personality subgroups among Chinese employees based on their BFI-10 scores. Results LPA identified a three-profile solution among Chinese employees: average, resilient, and introverted. Employees in the resilient profile had the lowest anxiety rate (16.1%, 132/822), and those in the average profile had the highest rate (46.8%, 1,166/2,494). Multivariate analysis results showed that for all personality profiles, self-efficacy was positively associated with anxiety, and work-family conflict was negatively associated with anxiety. High levels of perceived social support and self-efficacy reduced the risk of anxiety and higher work-family conflict and no partner increased the odds of anxiety in the average profile. For the introverted profile, female gender, and living in a city increased the chances of suffering from anxiety. Discussion This study identified that each personality profile of Chinese employees had its own set of factors associated with anxiety, which could facilitate employers to provide targeted interventions to alleviate employees' anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hao
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jinfan Zuo
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Haoyu Jin
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yufang Zhu
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yixin Qi
- Department of Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiale Qi
- School of Journalism and Communication, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xia
- School of Nursing, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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7
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Conte JM, Harmata RK. Person-Centered Study of Cognitive Ability Dimensions Using Latent Profile Analysis. J Intell 2023; 11:jintelligence11050080. [PMID: 37233329 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11050080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of researchers have called for additional investigations into cognitive ability and intelligence in recent years. This paper utilized a person-centered approach, multiple cognitive ability dimensions, and latent profile analysis to investigate multivariate relationships among cognitive ability dimensions in a sample of 1681 Army recruits. Six cognitive ability dimensions were assessed via the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery. Performance measures were obtained from supervisor ratings of Effort, Discipline, and Peer Leadership. Using latent profile analysis, the results identified five distinct cognitive profiles or classes, which differed significantly across the three types of supervisor ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Conte
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Rebecca K Harmata
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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8
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Lau C, Bagby RM, Pollock BG, Quilty L. Five-Factor Model and DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder Profile Construction: Associations with Cognitive Ability and Clinical Symptoms. J Intell 2023; 11:jintelligence11040071. [PMID: 37103256 PMCID: PMC10144161 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies have explored latent profiles using the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of normative personality, no studies have investigated how broad personality traits (i.e., FFM) and pathological personality traits using the alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD) may combine for latent personality profiles. The present study recruited outpatients (N = 201) who completed the Big Five Aspects Scales (BFAS), Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I/P), gambling and alcohol use measures, and the Weschler Intelligence subtests. When FFM and AMPD measures were combined, latent profile analyses revealed four profiles, Internalizing-Thought disorder, Externalizing, Average-Detached, and Adaptive. Detachment and openness to experience were the most and least essential traits for profile distinction, respectively. No associations between group membership and cognitive ability measures were found. Internalizing-Thought disorder membership was linked with a current mood and anxiety disorder diagnosis. Externalizing profile membership was associated with younger age, problematic gambling, alcohol use, and a current substance use disorder diagnosis. The four FFM-AMPD profiles overlapped with the four FFM-only and three AMPD-only profiles. Overall, the FFM-AMPD profiles appeared to have better convergent and discriminant validity with DSM-relevant psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Lau
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada
| | - Bruce G Pollock
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Lena Quilty
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada
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Oksa R, Mäkikangas A, Savela N, Latikka R, Oksanen A. Longitudinal development of well-being among Finnish employees during 2019-2021: Relationships with personality trait profiles. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:179-193. [PMID: 36183236 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined well-being profiles among Finnish employees before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and their links with personality trait profiles. Longitudinal survey data were collected in 2019-2021, and 733 respondents participated in all five surveys. The data were analyzed with a person-centered approach using latent profile analysis (LPA). Measures included burnout, work engagement, psychological distress; and Big Five personality traits. Six well-being profiles: Disengaged, Declined, Engaged, Fluctuated, Stable, and Burned-out, and four personality profiles: Ordinary, Reserved, Resilient, and Overcontrolled were identified. Resilient participants typically belonged to the Engaged well-being profile and Reserved to Burned-out and Fluctuated well-being profiles. Although some separation in developmental well-being profiles existed, overall, well-being was rather stable. Personality trait profiles played a crucial role in maintaining well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Oksa
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Emerging Technologies Lab, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Mäkikangas
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Work Research Centre, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Savela
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Emerging Technologies Lab, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rita Latikka
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Emerging Technologies Lab, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Emerging Technologies Lab, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Profiles of patients with a personality disorder admitted in a day hospital treatment program: Revealing spectra from the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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11
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Laceulle OM, Rienks K, Meijer L, de Moor EL, Karreman A. A developmental approach to youth maladaptive personality traits: Variable- versus person-centered change in the transition from childhood to adolescence. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221130116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that personality pathology starts to develop from (late) childhood onwards. The current study extends previous research by examining maladaptive personality change using both a variable-centered approach (i.e., mean-level changes) and a person-centered approach (i.e., latent profile transitions). Data were used from a 3-wave longitudinal study on Dutch youth (at T1: N = 492, mean age = 10.1). Maladaptive personality traits (i.e., Emotional Instability, Disagreeableness, Introversion, and Compulsivity) were assessed yearly using the Dimensional Personality Symptom Item Pool (DIPSI). A Factor of Curves model indicated presence of a higher-order developmental factor, reflecting low initial levels and small decreases over time, which explained change in all DIPSI traits. Latent profile analyses revealed three quantitatively different maladaptive personality trait profiles. Latent Transition Analysis demonstrated substantial stability in profiles over time. Small groups showed a transition toward another (often more adaptive) profile. Although a person-centered approach may have some merit when aiming to detect high-risk subgroups, the current results suggest that a variable-centered approach—and a Factor of Curves model capturing shared underlying developmental processes in particular—is favorable over a person-centered approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilia M Laceulle
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Rienks
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurien Meijer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth L de Moor
- Department of Youth and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Karreman
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS, Centre of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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ASLAN H, ATİLLA HA, BÜYÜKDOĞAN K, AKDOĞAN M, ÇEVİK HB. Comparisons of the Radiolucent Lines Between Cemented and Cementless Oxford Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty: A Non-designer Group Report. BEZMIALEM SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.14235/bas.galenos.2021.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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13
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Bastiaens T, Bogaerts A, Luyckx K, Smits D, Claes L. A person-centered perspective on the combined DSM-5 AMPD/ICD-11 personality model: Utility, relationship with the categorical personality disorder model, and capacity to differentiate between levels of identity functioning. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1006842. [PMID: 36325527 PMCID: PMC9618594 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1006842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both the ICD-11 classification of Personality Disorders and the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (DSM-5 AMPD) conceptualize personality pathology in a dimensional way, but differ in the way they carve up their respective pathological personality domains. Recently, a combination of ICD-11 and DSM-5 AMPD descriptive pathological personality traits, the Modified Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form Plus (PID5BF + M), was developed. THE CURRENT STUDY We investigated the utility of the additional ANANKASTIA domain (not represented in the DSM-5 AMPD) as well as of the additional PSYCHOTICISM domain (not represented in the ICD-11 model) in the identification of meaningful pathological personality domain clusters based on the PID5BF + M. Next to the classical 2- and 3-cluster solutions, we examined whether the presence of the additional ANANKASTIA domain would also gave rise to a meaningful 4-cluster solution. We then validated these clusters by investigating differences between them in mean DSM-5 Section II cluster A, B, and C personality disorder scores. Finally, we investigated whether cluster membership was able to differentiate between levels of identity functioning, a key feature of personality disorder severity in both the ICD-11 model and the DSM-5 AMPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a Flemish community sample of 242 participants, and applied k-means cluster analyses in a two-step manner on PID5BF + M domains to investigate 2-, 3-, and 4-cluster solutions. We used MANOVAs to examine differences between clusters in PID5BF + M domains, DSM-IV/DSM-5 Section II Assessment of Personality disorders (ADP-IV) cluster A, B, and C scores, and Self-Concept and Identity Measure (SCIM) scores. RESULTS Cluster analyses on PID5BF + M pathological personality domains (1) revealed meaningful 2-, 3-, and 4-cluster solutions, with the 4-cluster solution explaining the most variance in the clustering variables, (2) allowed to identify a classical Overcontrolled cluster which DSM-5 AMPD PID-5 does not, and (3) demonstrated the utility of representing ANANKASTIA and DISINHIBITON as separate pathological personality domains. PID5BF + M clusters (5) were informative of DSM-5 Section II cluster A, B, and C personality disorder scores and (6) showed different levels of clinical-developmental Identity functioning. CONCLUSION Current results demonstrate the utility of a combined ICD-11/DSM-5 AMPD view from a person-centered perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Bastiaens
- University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Bogaerts
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Research and Project Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Dirk Smits
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,UNIBS, Odisee University College, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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14
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Piotrowski K. Parental identity status in emerging and early adulthood, personality, and well-being: A cluster analytic approach. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:820-832. [PMID: 34665875 PMCID: PMC9297901 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was the first one in which parental identity statuses were investigated from the point of view of the processual identity model. The aim was the observation of individual differences among parents in respect of their parental identity (identity statuses) and differences between parents with a different identity status. In the study, 709 parents between the ages of 20 and 40 participated (64.8% women). The obtained results support the hypothesis that five different identity statuses in the parental domain could be identified, that is: Achievement, Foreclosure, Searching Moratorium, Moratorium, and Diffusion. Furthermore, hypothesized differences between different statuses regarding personality traits and well‐being have also been observed. The present study suggests that parental identity, which is often overlooked by neo‐Eriksonian identity researchers, is a fully‐fledged identity domain related to parents’ personality and well‐being and contextual factors associated with family life. The importance of the obtained results for our understanding of parental identity formation is discussed in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Piotrowski
- Center for Research on Personality Development, SWPS University, Poznań, Poland
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15
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Yu Y, Zhang Y. Personality and Developmental Characteristics of Primary School Students ' Personality Types. Front Psychol 2021; 12:693329. [PMID: 34489800 PMCID: PMC8416512 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.693329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the personality characteristics and developmental characteristics of primary school students' personality types in a cross-sectional sample of 10,366 Chinese children. The Personality Inventory for Primary School Student was used to evaluate primary school students' personality. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify primary school students' personality types. One-way ANOVA was used to explore the personality characteristics of personality types, and Chi-square tests were used to investigate grade and gender differences of primary school students' personality types. Results showed that the primary school students could be divided into three personality types: the resilient, the overcontrolled, and the undercontrolled. Resilients had the highest scores, and undercontrollers had the lowest scores on all of five personality dimensions (intelligence, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability). The overcontrollers' scores on personality were between the other two types, with lower emotional stability. As the grade level increased, the proportion of undercontrolled students in primary schools generally showed an upward trend and reached the maximum in grade 5. The proportion of resilient students in primary schools generally showed a downward trend. The proportion of resilient students was highest in grade 2 and lowest in grade 5. Girls were significantly more likely than boys to be resilient personality types, while boys were significantly more likely than girls to be undercontrolled personality types. The overcontrolled personality type did not show significant gender differences. Because of the undesirable internalizing problems related to overcontrollers and the externalizing problems related to undercontrollers, our results have implications for Chinese schools, families, and society in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Yu
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy and Sociology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy and Sociology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Ahmed O, Hossain KN, Siddique RF, Jobe MC. COVID-19 fear, stress, sleep quality and coping activities during lockdown, and personality traits: A person-centered approach analysis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 178:110873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smith CE, Barratt CL, Hirvo A. Burned out or engaged at work? The role of self-regulatory personality profiles. Stress Health 2021; 37:572-587. [PMID: 33326134 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Employees' responses to work demands are crucially related to their occupational well-being. The present study aimed to identify Big Five personality profiles of working adults and examine their connection to two central responses to work stress: work engagement and burnout. Four latent personality profiles emerged (i.e., overcontroller, undercontroller, reserved and resilient) and, in line with Block (2002) self-regulation theory, related differently to burnout and engagement. Specifically, both under- and overcontrollers experienced higher burnout and lower engagement, whereas resilient experienced higher engagement and lower burnout. Reserved profile members were low in both. The results suggest that management of healthy, engaged workers may be aided by consideration of personality profiles and that Block's self-regulation theory may be a useful framework for connecting personality to occupational well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Smith
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Clare L Barratt
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexis Hirvo
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
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18
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Budimir S, Fontaine JRJ, Huijts NMA, Haans A, Loukas G, Roesch EB. Emotional Reactions to Cybersecurity Breach Situations: Scenario-Based Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e24879. [PMID: 33978591 PMCID: PMC8156130 DOI: 10.2196/24879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the ever-expanding interconnectedness of the internet and especially with the recent development of the Internet of Things, people are increasingly at risk for cybersecurity breaches that can have far-reaching consequences for their personal and professional lives, with psychological and mental health ramifications. Objective We aimed to identify the dimensional structure of emotion processes triggered by one of the most emblematic scenarios of cybersecurity breach, the hacking of one’s smart security camera, and explore which personality characteristics systematically relate to these emotion dimensions. Methods A total of 902 participants from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands reported their emotion processes triggered by a cybersecurity breach scenario. Moreover, they reported on their Big Five personality traits, as well as on key indicators for resilient, overcontrolling (internalizing problems), and undercontrolling (aggression) personality types. Results Principal component analyses revealed a clear 3-dimensional structure of emotion processes: emotional intensity, proactive versus fight/flight reactions, and affective versus cognitive/motivational reactions. Regression analyses revealed that more internalizing problems (β=.33, P<.001), resilience (β=.22, P<.001), and agreeableness (β=.12, P<.001) and less emotional stability (β=–.25, P<.001) have significant predictive value for higher emotional intensity. More internalizing problems (β=.26, P<.001), aggression (β=.25, P<.001), and extraversion (β=.07, P=.01) and less resilience (β=–.19, P<.001), agreeableness (β=–.34, P<.001), consciousness (β=–.19, P<.001), and openness (β=–.22, P<.001) have significant predictive value for comparatively more fight/flight than proactive reactions. Less internalizing problems (β=–.32, P<.001) and more emotional stability (β=.14, P<.001) and aggression (β=.13, P<.001) have significant predictive value for a comparatively higher salience for cognitive/motivational than affective reactions. Conclusions To adequately describe the emotion processes triggered by a cybersecurity breach, two more dimensions are needed over and above the general negative affectivity dimension. This multidimensional structure is further supported by the differential relationships of the emotion dimensions with personality characteristics. The discovered emotion structure could be used for consistent predictions about who is at risk to develop long-term mental well-being issues due to a cybersecurity breach experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Budimir
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Johnny R J Fontaine
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Antal Haans
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Etienne B Roesch
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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19
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Puonti V, Hirvonen R, Kiuru N. Associations of temperament types and gender of early adolescents and teachers with adolescents' school well-being. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:510-521. [PMID: 33961293 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the role of temperament type and gender of adolescents and teachers in adolescents' well-being in school. The sample consisted of 677 Finnish students and 56 classroom teachers. Parents rated adolescent temperament and teachers rated their own temperament in autumn of Grade 6. Self-reports of school well-being among adolescents were obtained in autumn and the fall of Grade 6. The results showed that being a girl and having resilient temperament type predicted higher school well-being. In turn, boys with undercontrolled temperament, who were otherwise at risk for decreased school well-being, particularly benefited from having a female teacher with resilient temperament. Overall, the results suggest that both adolescent temperament type and gender play important roles in adolescents' well-being in school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Puonti
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Riikka Hirvonen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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20
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Boudouda NE, Gana K. Neuroticism, conscientiousness and extraversion interact to predict depression: A confirmation in a non-Western culture. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Baudinet J, Simic M, Griffiths H, Donnelly C, Stewart C, Goddard E. Targeting maladaptive overcontrol with radically open dialectical behaviour therapy in a day programme for adolescents with restrictive eating disorders: an uncontrolled case series. J Eat Disord 2020; 8:68. [PMID: 33292696 PMCID: PMC7663904 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radically Open Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (RO-DBT) was developed to target maladaptive overcontrol, a proposed core difficulty of restrictive eating disorders. RO-DBT is now the main group treatment model at the Intensive day Treatment Programme (ITP), Maudsley Hospital. This ITP case series aimed to investigate whether overcontrol is associated with restrictive eating disorder symptoms in adolescents and to evaluate ITP outcomes since RO-DBT skills classes were introduced. METHOD Self-report measures of eating disorder symptoms and temperament, personality and social characteristics linked to overcontrol were collected at assessment and discharge from ITP for all consecutive adolescents who attended between February 2015 and January 2019 (N = 131). Weight change, global outcomes and treatment needs post-ITP were also recorded. RESULTS Eating disorder symptoms at assessment were significantly correlated with overcontrol factors, including social connectedness (r = -.67), reward responsivity (r = -.54), and cognitive inflexibility (r = .52). Adolescents stayed in ITP on average 13.40 weeks. 70.8% had a Good-Intermediate outcome on Morgan-Russell scale. 4.6% did not respond and were referred to inpatient treatment from ITP. Significant improvements in drive for thinness (d = .33), depressive mood (d = .41), social connectedness (d = .48), and emotional expressiveness (d = .97) were reported at discharge. No changes were observed in perfectionism or negative temperament. CONCLUSIONS This study offers preliminary evidence that eating disorder symptoms are associated with overcontrol factors in adolescence and that they can improve with RO-DBT informed day programme treatment. RO-DBT is a promising treatment that offers a new way of conceptualising treatment targets and recovery for adolescent restrictive eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Baudinet
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, Maudsley Hospital, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE8 5AZ, UK.
| | - Mima Simic
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, Maudsley Hospital, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE8 5AZ, UK
| | - Helena Griffiths
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, Maudsley Hospital, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE8 5AZ, UK
| | - Cecily Donnelly
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, Maudsley Hospital, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE8 5AZ, UK
| | - Catherine Stewart
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, Maudsley Hospital, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE8 5AZ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Goddard
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, Maudsley Hospital, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE8 5AZ, UK
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22
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Lea BR, Mirchandani D, Sumner M, Yu K. Personality Types in Learning Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08874417.2020.1830005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bih-Ru Lea
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | | | - Mary Sumner
- University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine Yu
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
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23
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24
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Min H, Su S. Examining relationships between personality profiles and organizational health outcomes. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Yu Y, Yang L, Sun Y, Jin C, Zhang Y. Intervention on Externalizing Problems of Undercontrolled Personality Types in Primary School Students. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1233. [PMID: 32714227 PMCID: PMC7344270 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three personality types (resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled) have been repeatedly verified across different languages and cultures, different personality models, and different stages of development. Undercontrollers are socially maladapted types with high impulsivity and low self-control. Research shows they are at risk for externalizing problems, such as aggressiveness, impulsivity, and antisocial behavior. The aim of this study was to develop an intervention to reduce externalizing problems of undercontrolled personality types in primary school students. Participants were 69 undercontrolled primary school students from two primary schools in North China. The experimental group underwent 14 weeks of systematic experiential mental health activities, while the control group performed typical daily classroom activities. Personality and externalizing problem behaviors were measured before the intervention, at the end of the intervention, and 4 months post-intervention. The results showed that the intervention significantly reduced the level of externalizing problems of undercontrolled primary school students. The effects of the intervention were maintained at the 4-month follow-up. This study provides some reference and suggestions on how to intervene in the externalizing problem behaviors of undercontrolled primary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Yu
- School of Philosophy and Sociology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lizhu Yang
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- Shidao Street Primary School, Dalian, China
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26
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Lee J, Bastos N. Finding Characteristics of Users in Sensory Information: From Activities to Personality Traits. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1383. [PMID: 32138298 PMCID: PMC7085667 DOI: 10.3390/s20051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to use information provided by a sensor-based activity recognition system to create a profile comprising user habits and link this information to the personality traits of users. User habits are represented by the sequence and duration of often observed daily life activities. Based on this information, we represented the user trials (sequence of activities) following a numerical method using Fourier series. The duration and sequence of the activities changed the phase and amplitude of the harmonics present in the Fourier representation. Each trial represented in this manner is called a behavioral spectrum. These data and the scores obtained from personality questionnaires were clustered separately and then an association was created between the clusters. The objective was to associate the activity-related features (sensor-based) and personality traits. The experimental results showed that for both young and elderly subjects, there is an association between the user personality traits and the manner in which they perform their activities. Moreover, the results obtained in this work show a promising method of assessing the personality traits of users based on their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeryoung Lee
- Department of Robotic Science and Technology, College of Engineering, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan;
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27
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Rzeszutek M, Gruszczyńska E. Personality types and subjective well-being among people living with HIV: a latent profile analysis. Qual Life Res 2020; 29:57-67. [PMID: 31506914 PMCID: PMC6962120 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined whether three types of personality (i.e. resilient, undercontrolled and overcontrolled) based on the Big Five personality taxonomy could be replicated among people living with HIV (PLWH). We also aimed to establish significant sociodemographic and clinical covariates of profile membership and verify whether these profiles are related to the subjective well-being (SWB) of participants. METHODS 770 PLWH participated in this study. The Big Five personality traits were evaluated with the NEO-FFI questionnaire. SWB was operationalised by satisfaction with life (Satisfaction with Life Scale) and positive and negative affects (PANAS-X). Moreover, sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected. RESULTS Latent profile analysis was used to identify personality types among participants. Instead of the three profiles most frequently reported in the literature, we identified a four-profile model (the resilient, undercontrolled, overcontrolled and the average profile type) as the best fit to the data. These profiles did not differ with regard to sociodemographic and clinical covariates. However, significant differences in SWB across profiles were noted, i.e. the highest SWB was observed among members of the resilient profile, and overcontrollers and undercontrollers were almost equally regarded as second best in SWB level, whereas the average profile consists of PLWH with the worst SWB. CONCLUSION Identifying personality types in clinical settings enables more comprehensive understanding of interrelations between personality and health. Regarding PLWH, the typological approach may shed new light on ambiguous results devoted to the role of personality in well-being of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Rzeszutek
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gruszczyńska
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Chodakowska 19/31, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Linking personality types to depressive symptoms: A prospective typology based on neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness. Neuropsychologia 2019; 136:107289. [PMID: 31794711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
From a traditional variable-centered perspective, the personality traits specifically linked to depressive symptoms are neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness (NEC). Few studies have considered the interactive effects of personality traits within individuals from the taxonomic perspective. We explored novel NEC personality subtypes in general and subthreshold depressive subjects by using graph-based classification algorithms and multiple external validators. Personality and depressive symptoms were assessed in 1055 healthy subjects (150 with subthreshold depression) using the NEO-PI-R and BDI at baseline. NEC personality data were used to identify subtypes in healthy and subthreshold depressive samples, and external validators, including current and longitudinal depressive symptoms and seven subcortical gray matter volumes, were examined. Four novel NEC personality types in the general sample showed superior current and longitudinal behavioral validation of depressive symptoms as well as some discrimination in biological indicators (putamen, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala). Four profiles defined in subthreshold depression selectively exhibited meaningful differences in longitudinal depressive symptoms. In both samples, some types adhere to the principles previously described NEC three-way interaction. The resulting typology, especially the four types in the general population, linked depressive symptoms provided a superior description of within-person organization of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness.
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29
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Hellberg SN, Ladis IE, Shepherd CB. Pilot study of a personality-based approach to assessing eating disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder symptom risk in college men and women. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:801-816. [PMID: 30570434 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1515745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To conduct a pilot test of the validity of using empirically derived personality types to characterize eating disorder (ED) risk in college students and resolve discrepancies regarding the role of perfectionism and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms.Participants: Man and woman undergraduate students (N = 169) at a small, private university. Data were collected from February to May 2016 and 2018. Methods: Participants completed self-report measures of personality (perfectionism, impulsivity, and effortful control) and psychopathology (EDs, OCD). Results: Our analyses replicated three validated personality types: overcontrolled, undercontrolled, and resilient. Analysis of variances demonstrated perfectionism, ED, and OCD symptoms were significantly elevated in the overcontrolled subtype. There was no interaction by sex. Conclusions: These findings suggest that personality types may be useful for classifying ED risk and OCD symptoms in college students across sexes. Further study and relevance to prevention and intervention efforts to reduce the burden of EDs on college campuses will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Hellberg
- Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilana E Ladis
- Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin B Shepherd
- Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
- Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
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30
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Topolewska-Siedzik E, Cieciuch J, Strus W. Personality underpinnings of identity: The role of metatraits and traits in identity formation modes. SELF AND IDENTITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2018.1483964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Cieciuch
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Strus
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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31
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Personality Types as Moderators of the Acceptance of Information Technologies in Organizations: A Multi-Group Analysis in PLS-SEM. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11143987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the influence of personality types on the acceptance of information technologies at work. Based on the model of the five dominant personality traits and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, 155 users of Enterprise Resource Planning systems were examined in two Chilean organizations. A cluster analysis applied to personality traits identified three different types of personalities. Subsequently, a multi-group analysis in Partial Least Squares of the technology acceptance model detected statistically significant differences among these types of personalities. Specifically, although for all personality types, the intention to use technology is explained in more than 60 percent, the strength of the antecedent variables changes radically depending on the type of personality. These findings indicate that personality type plays an essential role as a moderator of technology acceptance at work. This study is one of the first attempts where personality types, instead of specific personality traits, have been associated with technology acceptance models. In it, we performed an analysis of statistically significant differences among the types. Its practical implications are to identify the personality type of employees and adapt the implementation of innovations accordingly. This can help organizations to implement technology successfully, which, in turn, contributes to their sustainability.
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Fisher PA, Robie C. A latent profile analysis of the Five Factor Model of personality: A constructive replication and extension. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Ego Resilience scale (ER) and a new shortened version of the Ego Undercontrol Scale (EUC). CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Ego Resilience scale (ER) and The Ego Undercontrol scale (EUC) are designed to assess personality types based on how people inhibit or express their emotional impulses. The study aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of both scales. Two community samples were recruited through convenience sampling and were informed about the study either while attending an undergraduate class at University or through advertisement on the Internet. For the two samples respectively, 483 and 197 individuals aged 18–70 completed the self-rating questionnaires via a website. In the first sample, factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity of the ER and the EUC were evaluated and a shorter version of the EUC (EUC-13) was developed based on the outcome. In the second sample, factor structure and psychometric properties of the EUC-13 were analyzed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported both the original version of the ER and the EUC-13. Both instruments showed satisfactory levels of internal consistency for all subscales but Socially restrained behavior from the EUC-13, good test-retest reliability, as well as satisfactory preliminary evidence of validity. Further validation studies are recommended, such as investigating the scales in clinical settings.
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Shaw DJ, Czekóová K, Pennington CR, Qureshi AW, Špiláková B, Salazar M, Brázdil M, Urbánek T. You ≠ me: individual differences in the structure of social cognition. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 84:1139-1156. [PMID: 30324265 PMCID: PMC7239802 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-018-1107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the structure of social cognition, and how it is influenced by personality; specifically, how various socio-cognitive capabilities, and the pattern of inter-relationships and co-dependencies among them differ between divergent personality styles. To measure social cognition, a large non-clinical sample (n = 290) undertook an extensive battery of self-report and performance-based measures of visual perspective taking, imitative tendencies, affective empathy, interoceptive accuracy, emotion regulation, and state affectivity. These same individuals then completed the Personality Styles and Disorders Inventory. Latent Profile Analysis revealed two dissociable personality profiles that exhibited contrasting cognitive and affective dispositions, and multivariate analyses indicated further that these profiles differed on measures of social cognition; individuals characterised by a flexible and adaptive personality profile expressed higher action orientation (emotion regulation) compared to those showing more inflexible tendencies, along with better visual perspective taking, superior interoceptive accuracy, less imitative tendencies, and lower personal distress and negativity. These characteristics point towards more efficient self-other distinction, and to higher cognitive control more generally. Moreover, low-level cognitive mechanisms served to mediate other higher level socio-emotional capabilities. Together, these findings elucidate the cognitive and affective underpinnings of individual differences in social behaviour, providing a data-driven model that should guide future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Shaw
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Psychology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - K Czekóová
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - C R Pennington
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - A W Qureshi
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4QP, UK
| | - B Špiláková
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Salazar
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Brázdil
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Urbánek
- Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
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A robust data-driven approach identifies four personality types across four large data sets. Nat Hum Behav 2018; 2:735-742. [PMID: 31406291 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding human personality has been a focus for philosophers and scientists for millennia1. It is now widely accepted that there are about five major personality domains that describe the personality profile of an individual2,3. In contrast to personality traits, the existence of personality types remains extremely controversial4. Despite the various purported personality types described in the literature, small sample sizes and the lack of reproducibility across data sets and methods have led to inconclusive results about personality types5,6. Here we develop an alternative approach to the identification of personality types, which we apply to four large data sets comprising more than 1.5 million participants. We find robust evidence for at least four distinct personality types, extending and refining previously suggested typologies. We show that these types appear as a small subset of a much more numerous set of spurious solutions in typical clustering approaches, highlighting principal limitations in the blind application of unsupervised machine learning methods to the analysis of big data.
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Abstract
This article provides a review and synthesis of person-centered analytic (i.e., clustering) methods in organizational psychology with the aim of (a) placing them into an organizing framework to facilitate analysis and interpretation and (b) constructing a set of practical recommendations to guide future person-centered research. To do so, we first clarify the terminological and conceptual issues that still cloud person-centered approaches. Next, we organize the diverse kinds of person-centered analyses into two major statistical approaches, algorithmic and latent-variable approaches. We then present a literature review that quantifies how these two approaches have been used within our field, identifying trends over time and typical study characteristics. Out of this review, we construct a unifying taxonomy of the five ways in which clusters are differentiated: (1) construct-based patterns, (2) response-style patterns, (3) predictive relations, (4) growth trajectories, and (5) measurement models. We also provide a set of practical guidelines for researchers and highlight a few remaining questions and/or areas in which future work is needed for further advancing person-centered methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louis Tay
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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38
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The role of personality for subjective well-being in the retirement transition – Comparing variable- and person-oriented models. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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39
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Towards a synthesis of personality, temperament, motivation, emotion and mental health models within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Isler L, Fletcher GJ, Liu JH, Sibley CG. Validation of the four-profile configuration of personality types within the Five-Factor Model. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tuncdogan A, Acar OA, Stam D. Individual differences as antecedents of leader behavior: Towards an understanding of multi-level outcomes. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Conte JM, Heffner TS, Roesch SC, Aasen B. A person-centric investigation of personality types, job performance, and attrition. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Livingston NA, Christianson N, Cochran BN. Minority stress, psychological distress, and alcohol misuse among sexual minority young adults: A resiliency-based conditional process analysis. Addict Behav 2016; 63:125-31. [PMID: 27471197 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual minority young adults experience elevated rates of distal stress (discrimination, victimization), and related psychological distress and alcohol misuse. However, few studies have examined the degree to which personality trait differences confer risk/resilience among sexual minority young adults. We hypothesized that psychological distress would mediate the relationship between distal stress and alcohol misuse, but that these relationships would be moderated by personality trait differences. METHOD Sexual minority young adults (N=412) were recruited nationally. Survey measures included demographic questions, minority stressors, Five Factor personality traits, and current psychological distress and alcohol misuse symptoms. We used a data-driven two-stage cluster analytic technique to empirically derive personality trait profiles, and conducted mediation and moderated mediation analyses using a regression-based approach. RESULTS Our results supported a two-group personality profile solution. Relative to at-risk individuals, those classified as adaptive scored lower on neuroticism, and higher on agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. As predicted, psychological distress mediated the relationship between distal stress and alcohol misuse. However, personality moderated these relationships to the degree that they did not exist among individuals classified as adaptive. DISCUSSION In the current study, we found that personality moderated the established relationships between distal stress, psychological distress, and alcohol misuse among sexual minority young adults. Future research is needed to further explicate these relationships, and in order to develop tailored interventions for sexual minority young adults at risk.
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Thomas CV, de Castro EK, Antonello ICF. Personality traits and clinical/biochemical course in the first year after kidney transplant. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1383-1390. [PMID: 27686135 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1216712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between personality and health is frequently studied in scientific research. This study investigated the clinical/biochemical course of kidney transplant patients based on personality traits. METHODS A longitudinal study assessed 114 kidney transplant patients (men = 68 and women = 46) with an average age of 47.72 years (SD = 11.4). Personality was evaluated using the Brazilian Factorial Personality Inventory (BFP/Big Five Model). Clinical variables were analyzed based on patient charts (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hypertension, acute rejection, infection, graft loss, and death). Personality types were assessed by hierarchical cluster analysis. RESULTS Two groups with personality types were differentiated by psychological characteristics: Cluster 1 - average neuroticism, high surgency, agreeableness and conscientiousness, and low openness; Cluster 2 - high neuroticism, average surgency and agreeableness, average conscientiousness, and low openness. There was no statistically significant difference between the clusters in terms of hypertension, acute infection, graft loss, death, and Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) I and II panel reactive antibodies. eGFR was associated with the personality types. Cluster 2 was associated with a better renal function in the 9-month follow-up period after kidney transplantation. CONCLUSION In this study, patients from Cluster 2 exhibited higher eGFR 9 months after the transplant procedure compared to those from Cluster 1. Monitoring these patients over a longer period may provide a better understanding of the relationship between personality traits and clinical course during the post-transplant period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Venzon Thomas
- a Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Elisa Kern de Castro
- b Graduate Program in Psychology, Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos University , São Leopoldo , Brazil
| | - Ivan Carlos Ferreira Antonello
- c Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Wetzel E, Leckelt M, Gerlach TM, Back MD. Distinguishing Subgroups of Narcissists with Latent Class Analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated grandiose narcissism from a categorical perspective. We tested whether subgroups of narcissists can be distinguished that differ in their expressions of more agentic (narcissistic admiration, ADM) and more antagonistic (narcissistic rivalry, RIV) pathways of narcissism. We analysed three German samples (total N = 2211; Mage = 26; 70% female) and one US sample (N = 971; Mage = 35; 74% female) using latent class analysis. Four subgroups of narcissists were consistently identified across samples from Germany and the United States: low narcissists, moderate narcissists primarily characterized by agentic aspects (ADM), moderate narcissists characterized by both agentic and antagonistic aspects (ADM + RIV), and high narcissists. The subgroups were systematically related to a number of personality traits (e.g. Machiavellianism, impulsivity) and adjustment indicators (e.g. self–esteem, empathy). Members in the moderate narcissists—ADM subgroup showed the most adaptive characteristics while members in the moderate narcissists—ADM + RIV subgroup showed the most maladaptive characteristics. Investigating grandiose narcissism—a primarily quantitative trait—from a categorical perspective can yield valuable insights that would otherwise be overlooked. In addition, our results underline the utility of a self–regulatory process approach to grandiose narcissism that distinguishes between agentic and antagonistic dynamics. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanja M. Gerlach
- Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Science Campus “Primate Cognition”, Göttingen, Germany
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Xie X, Chen W, Lei L, Xing C, Zhang Y. The relationship between personality types and prosocial behavior and aggression in Chinese adolescents. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yu R, Branje S, Keijsers L, Meeus W. Associations between young adult romantic relationship quality and problem behaviors: An examination of personality–environment interactions. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hill NL, Lin FV, Parisi JM, Kolanowski A. The Moderating Effect of Personality Type on the Relationship between Leisure Activity and Executive Control in Older Adults. ACTIVITIES, ADAPTATION & AGING 2015; 39:153-176. [PMID: 27087715 PMCID: PMC4833400 DOI: 10.1080/01924788.2015.1025659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the moderating effect of personality on the association between leisure activities and executive control in healthy community-dwelling older adults. We found two distinct personality typologies: individuals with a Resilient personality were characterized by emotional stability and self-confidence; whereas, those who resembled an Overcontrolled personality tended to be introverted, but also low on neuroticism. Resilient individuals were more likely than Overcontrolled individuals to demonstrate higher executive function and attention as a result of participation in mental activities. These results suggest that personality might be important to include in studies that test the efficacy of activity interventions for improving cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L. Hill
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Feng Vankee Lin
- School of Nursing and School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester
| | - Jeanine M. Parisi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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The Circumplex of Personality Metatraits: A Synthesizing Model of Personality Based on the Big Five. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1037/gpr0000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Big Five model describes the structure of personality as 5 orthogonal and universal dimensions. Although the model has gained significant empirical support both in the psycholexical and questionnaire approaches, it is not free of criticism. The controversies concern the main assumptions regarding the structure of personality, among others the number of basic traits and their orthogonality. It turns out that 2 higher-order factors (also called metatraits) Alpha and Beta, or even 1 General Factor of Personality (GFP) are located above the 5 traits and account for systematical intercorrelations between these basic dimensions. The present article describes the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM), a proposal based on the knowledge gathered in the Big Five research tradition and solving some problems raised both in psycholexical and psychometric approaches. According to the model, metatraits can be described within a circumplex that is organized by 2 orthogonal dimensions: Alpha and Beta. Furthermore, we also introduce to the model 2 other metatraits: Gamma and Delta. On one hand these correspond to the personality types, and on the other they resolve the controversies related to the GFP. The main advantage of the CPM model is that it provides foundations for wide-ranging theoretical integration: (a) of the trait (disposition) approach to personality with those personality theories that make use of dynamic and explanatory theoretical constructs; (b) of various models of personality, temperament, emotion, motivation, and psychopathology; and (c) of the traditions of personality description in terms of traits and in terms of types.
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Yu R, Branje S, Keijsers L, Meeus WHJ. Personality effects on romantic relationship quality through friendship quality: a ten-year longitudinal study in youths. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102078. [PMID: 25232964 PMCID: PMC4169403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether individuals with different personality types (i.e., overcontrollers, undercontrollers, resilients) had different friendship quality development throughout adolescence. It also investigated whether personality types were indirectly related to romantic relationship quality in young adulthood, via friendship quality development in adolescence. The study employed six waves of longitudinal questionnaire data from Dutch youths who had a romantic relationship when they were young adults. Two age cohorts were followed, from 12 to 21 years and from 16 to 25 years, respectively. Findings showed that resilients reported higher mean levels of friendship quality during adolescence (i.e., more support from, less negative interaction with and less dominance from their best friend) than both overcontrollers and undercontrollers. Through the mean levels of friendship quality throughout adolescence, resilients indirectly experienced higher romantic relationship quality during young adulthood than both overcontrollers and undercontrollers. Thus, results provide support for a developmental model in which adolescent friendship quality is a mechanism linking personality types with young adulthood romantic relationship quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqin Yu
- Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Branje
- Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Loes Keijsers
- Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim H. J. Meeus
- Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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