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Banihashem Rad SA, Esteves-Oliveira M, Maklennan A, Douglas GVA, Castiglia P, Campus G. Oral health inequalities in immigrant populations worldwide: a scoping review of dental caries and periodontal disease prevalence. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1968. [PMID: 39044172 PMCID: PMC11267954 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inequalities in immigrants' oral health are often masked in population-level data. Therefore, this paper was planned to assess the prevalence data on oral health diseases, namely dental caries, and periodontitis, among immigrants worldwide. METHODS Following a systematic search in Scopus, Embase, and PubMed for studies published between 2011 and 2023, 1342 records were identified. Following title and abstract screening, 76 studies remained for full-text eligibility-screening based on predefined inclusion criteria. Thirty-two studies were included in the review. RESULTS Dental caries figures were higher in immigrant populations compared to the local population, regardless of host countries, age, gender, or nationality. In children, the overall mean and standard deviation (SD) for decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the primary dentition (d3mft) was 3.63(2.47), and for D3MFT (permanent dentition), it was 1.7(1.2). Upon comparing overall mean caries counts in children and adults with their control groups in the included studies, untreated dental caries (D3T and d3t) constituted the dominant share of caries experience (D3MFT and d3mft) in immigrant children. For the local population, the highest proportion of caries experience was attributed to filled teeth (FT and ft). Dentin caries prevalence among immigrants ranged from 22% to 88.7% in the primary dentition and 5.6% to 90.9% in the permanent dentition. Gingivitis ranged from 5.1% to 100%. Oral health varied greatly between studies. Regarding oral health accessibility, 52% to 88% of immigrant children had never been to a dentist, suggesting a very limited level of accessibility to dental health services. CONCLUSION It is imperative to develop interventions and policies that have been customized to address the oral health disparities experienced by immigrant populations. Additionally, host countries should actively implement measures aimed at enhancing the accessibility of oral health care services for these individuals. The utilization of available data is crucial in establishing a hierarchy of objectives aimed at enhancing the oral health of immigrant populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Scoping review protocol was registered at OSF Registries with registration number ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MYXS4 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Banihashem Rad
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery (UZMK), University Centre of Dentistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Maklennan
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gail V A Douglas
- Department of Dental Public Health, University of Leeds School of Dentistry, Leeds, UK
| | - Paolo Castiglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, 600077, India
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Banihashem Rad SA, Esteves Oliveira M, Maklennan A, Castiglia P, Campus G. Higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontal problems among refugees: A scoping review. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04111. [PMID: 37712847 PMCID: PMC10503462 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We assessed the prevalence data on oral health diseases, namely dental caries and periodontitis, among refugees and asylum seekers worldwide. Methods A systematic search of Scopus, Embase, and PubMed retrieved 1225 records; following title and abstract screening, 58 studies remained for full-text eligibility screening based on pre-defined inclusion criteria. Twenty-six studies were included in the review. Results Dental caries and tooth loss due to caries were high in refugee populations, regardless of their age, gender, or nationality. The adult population had a mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index score of 9.2 (standard deviation (SD) = 2.3); children had a score of 3.1 (SD = 1.1) for deciduous teeth and 2.5 (SD = 1.1) for permanents. Caries prevalence among refugees ranged from 4.6% to 98.7%, and gingivitis from 5.7% to 100%, indicating a high heterogeneity in their oral health. Regarding oral health accessibility, 17% to 72% of refugees had never been to a dentist, showing a very low level of accessibility to dental health services. Conclusions Interventions and policies need to be designed to reduce oral health inequalities among refugee populations and asylum seekers, and host countries must implement strategies to increase their access to oral health care. Existing data should be used to set priorities for improving the oral health of refugees. Registration Open Science Framework: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SU59K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Banihashem Rad
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Joint first authorship
| | - Marcella Esteves Oliveira
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Joint first authorship
| | - Anastasia Maklennan
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Castiglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Italy
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Bashir NZ. Update on the prevalence of untreated caries in the US adult population, 2017-2020. J Am Dent Assoc 2021; 153:300-308. [PMID: 34952680 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untreated caries is a prevalent disease that is associated with a substantial health and economic burden. Many past efforts have assessed the epidemiology of untreated caries, and this study provides the most up-to-date figures on the distribution and determinants of the disease in the adult US population for the period 2017 through 2020. METHODS Using data from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the author derived estimates for untreated caries prevalence in the adult US population. The author conducted subgroup analyses to assess how the epidemiology differed between coronal and root caries and how the disease was distributed among population subgroups. RESULTS On the basis of a weighted sample representative of 193.5 million adults, the prevalence of untreated caries was found to be 21.3%. Specific prevalence of coronal and root caries were 17.9% and 10.1%, respectively. Caries was most prevalent in those aged 30 through 39 years (25.2%) and 40 through 49 years (22.3%), men (23.5%), those of other (36.5%) or non-Hispanic Black (35.6%) race or ethnicity, those with family income to poverty ratio of 0.5 through 1.0 (46.2%) or less than 0.5 (37.3%), those with educational attainment less than high school graduation (39.6%), those who did not have health insurance (42.1%), and those who were underweight (25.1%) or obese (23.5%). CONCLUSIONS Untreated caries is present in more than 1 in 5 adults within the US population and is disproportionately distributed among those of lower socioeconomic status. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS There is a substantial unmet health care need in the US adult population for the prevention and management of untreated caries, and public health efforts should aim particularly to address disease within those subgroups who are at a disproportionately high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Zeeshan Bashir
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
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Venkat M, Janakiram C. Mass media coverage in Health & Oral Health-related advertisements: A content analysis in Kerala, India. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:451-456. [PMID: 34258183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In today's world, the mass media plays an important role, and it can provide a unified platform for all public health communication, comprehensive healthcare education, and guidelines. As a result, we investigated the various types of general health and oral health messages and advertisements broadcast through various forms of mass media. Objective The main objective is to identify & analyze the health & oral-health related dialogue and messages with the content of the mass media. Method ology: Content analysis of general health and oral health-related advertisements was done in various media, like the print media (magazines & newspapers), television (audio-visual) and radio stations (audio). The data was collected by an independent investigator, like prime time, advertisements, articles, and public service announcements (PSAs), etc., and the observations were recorded for subsequent analysis. Results Only n = 753 incidents of health n = 663 (88.1%) and oral health n = 90 (11.9%) were reported during the study period, out of 6180 pages of published print media and 200 h of prime-time broadcast channel & station advertisements, respectively. There are n = 506 incidents in the print media, implying that health n = 481 (95.1%) and oral health n = 25 (4.9%) are, respectively. Compared to other media, audio-visual media, n = 229, show 26.7% of incidents of oral health information (n 58), while 73.3% of incidents are of general health information (n 171). Only 38.9% of oral health incidents (n = 7) were broadcast during prime time. Conclusion The findings of this study may help promoters, policymakers, public health providers, and other stakeholders, to be more precise about general or oral health-related information to be effective in the messages the mass media have been utilizing and in improving future health.
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Key Words
- AIDS, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- Advertisement
- BARC, Broadcast Audience Research Council
- Content analysis
- DOTS, Directly observed treatment short-course
- GATS-2, Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2
- HD, High-Definition
- Health promotion
- ICMR, Indian council of Medical Research
- ICTC, Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre's
- IRS, Indian readership survey
- MOHFW, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
- Mass media
- Media
- NACO, National Aids Control Organization
- NGOs, Non-governmental organizations
- Oral health
- PEM, Protein-energy malnutrition
- PSAs, Public service announcements
- RAM, Radio audience measurements
- SLT, Smokeless tobacco
- SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Science
- TV, Television
- UNICEF, United Nations Children's Fund
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Malliga Venkat
- Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrashekar Janakiram
- Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
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Stormon N, Ford PJ, Lalloo R. Oral health in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children: An age, period, and cohort analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:404-412. [PMID: 30805983 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health policy and funding must be informed by well-designed studies which monitor oral health and the factors which influence it. AIM This study aimed to analyse the oral health of the Longitudinal Study of Australia Children (LSAC). DESIGN The LSAC is a dual-cohort cross-sequential study run biennially since 2004. Carer-report measures for oral health were measured across six biennial waves and included frequency of tooth brushing, dental service use, and dental problems since the previous wave. RESULTS A total of 10 090 Australian children participated at baseline (birth [B] n = 5017 and kindergarten [K] n = 4983). Most carers reported that children brushed daily and had regular access to dental care. Increasing age was a significant predictor of dental caries, whereas no differences were observed between time periods and cohorts. Dental caries was more frequently reported than dental injuries. Caries was highest at age eight for the B (n = 1234, 30.5%) and K (n = 1355, 31.5%) cohorts. CONCLUSIONS By the age of six, caries prevalence had already begun to climb despite the majority of carers reporting good oral health behaviours for their children. Early intervention in the prevention of dental caries is essential, as children appear to attend dental services when caries is already occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Stormon
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pauline J Ford
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ratilal Lalloo
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Hendaus MA, Siddiq K, AlQadi M, Siddiqui F, Kunhiabdullah S, Alhammadi AH. Parental perception of fluoridated tap water. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:1440-1446. [PMID: 31143736 PMCID: PMC6510084 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_192_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate parental knowledge and preference of tap water in a country where faucet water is fluoridated according to international standards and where the average percentage of dental caries in young children reaches up to approximately 73%. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional perspective study was conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation, the only tertiary care and academic hospital in the state of Qatar. Parents of children older than 1 year of age were offered an interview survey. RESULTS A total of 200 questionnaires were completed (response rate = 100%). The mean age of participant children was 6 ± 4 years. One of the main finding in our study was that primary care physicians never discussed the topic of the best water choice for children in our community, as expressed by more than 86% of parents. More than two-third of parents used bottled water. The main concerns of why parents did not allow their children to drink tap water were taste (8.94%), smell (9.76%), concerns of toxins content (32.52%), and concerns that tap water might cause unspecified sickness (52.03%). Amid revealing participants that our tap water is safe and that fluorine can prevent dental caries, 33% of parents would you use tap water due to its fluoride content. The study also showed that 65% of parents would allow their children to drink tap water if it is free from any toxic ingredients. CONCLUSION Actions to augment fluoridated water acceptability in the developing world, such as focusing on safety and benefits, could be important in the disseminated implementation of the use of faucet water. Ultimately, a slump in the prevalence of dental caries among children will depend on the ability of pediatricians and dental professionals to institute evidence-based and preventive approach that can benefit oral health in childhood. These data will also allow us to propose the use of tap water safely in young children in the state of Qatar while simultaneously advocating awareness of oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Hendaus
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Hamad General Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Siddiq
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic General Pediatrics Fellowship Program, Hamad General Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohanad AlQadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic General Pediatrics Fellowship Program, Hamad General Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Residency Program, Hamad General Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shafeeque Kunhiabdullah
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Residency Program, Hamad General Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed H. Alhammadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Hamad General Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Schwendicke F, Jäger R, Hoffmann W, Jordan RA, van den Berg N. Estimating spatially specific demand and supply of dental services: a longitudinal comparison in Northern Germany. J Public Health Dent 2016; 76:269-275. [DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Jäger
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Jones K, Merrick J, Beasley C. A content analysis of oral health messages in Australian mass media. Aust Dent J 2016; 61:16-20. [PMID: 25627008 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social analysis regarding oral health and oral health promotion are almost non-existent in the Australian context. The usefulness of such exploration lies in framing and informing research methodologies and health promotion initiatives, and can improve our understanding of oral health behaviours and their social contexts. METHODS We conducted a systematic content analysis of a random sample of popular Australian magazines, newspapers and television shows from May to September 2012. Our sample included the top three best-selling magazines, six weekly newspapers, one from each available Australian state, and the four highest ranked Australian prime time television shows and their associated commercials. RESULTS Data comprised 72 hours of prime time television and 14,628 pages of hardcopy media. Seventy-one oral health related media 'incidents' were counted during a five-month period. Only 1.5% of incidents referenced fluoride and only two made dietary references. Women were represented almost six times more than men and the majority of oral health related incidents conveyed no social context (63%). CONCLUSIONS Oral health messages conveyed in Australian media fail to provide a social context for preventive or health-promoting behaviours. In light of increased levels of oral disease and retention of natural teeth, more community based oral health promotion and support for oral health literacy would be prudent in the Australian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jones
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Merrick
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Beasley
- The Fay Gale Centre for Research on Gender, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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McLaren L, McNeil DA, Potestio M, Patterson S, Thawer S, Faris P, Shi C, Shwart L. Equity in children's dental caries before and after cessation of community water fluoridation: differential impact by dental insurance status and geographic material deprivation. Int J Equity Health 2016; 15:24. [PMID: 26864565 PMCID: PMC4750250 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-016-0312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main arguments made in favor of community water fluoridation is that it is equitable in its impact on dental caries (i.e., helps to offset inequities in dental caries). Although an equitable effect of fluoridation has been demonstrated in cross-sectional studies, it has not been studied in the context of cessation of community water fluoridation (CWF). The objective of this study was to compare the socio-economic patterns of children's dental caries (tooth decay) in Calgary, Canada, in 2009/10 when CWF was in place, and in 2013/14, after it had been discontinued. METHODS We analyzed data from population-based samples of schoolchildren (grade 2) in 2009/10 and 2013/14. Data on dental caries (decayed, missing, and filled primary and permanent teeth) were gathered via open mouth exams conducted in schools by registered dental hygienists. We examined the association between dental caries and 1) presence/absence of dental insurance and 2) small area index of material deprivation, using Poisson (zero-inflated) and logistic regression, for both time points separately. For small-area material deprivation at each time point, we also computed the concentration index of inequality for each outcome variable. RESULTS Statistically significant inequities by dental insurance status and by small area material deprivation were more apparent in 2013/14 than in 2009/10. CONCLUSIONS Results are consistent with increasing inequities in dental caries following cessation of CWF. However, further research is needed to 1) confirm the effects in a study that includes a comparison community, and 2) explore possible alternative reasons for the findings, including changes in treatment and preventive programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay McLaren
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Deborah A McNeil
- Research and Innovation, Population, Public and Aboriginal Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Melissa Potestio
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Alberta Cancer Prevention Legacy Fund, Population Public and Aboriginal Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Steve Patterson
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Salima Thawer
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Peter Faris
- Research Facilitation, Priorities, and Implementation, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Congshi Shi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Luke Shwart
- Provincial Oral Health Office, Population, Public and Aboriginal Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Jäger R, van den Berg N, Hoffmann W, Jordan RA, Schwendicke F. Estimating future dental services' demand and supply: a model for Northern Germany. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2015; 44:169-79. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Jäger
- Institute for Community Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Neeltje van den Berg
- Institute for Community Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Rainer A. Jordan
- Institute of German Dentists; Universitätsstraße 73; Cologne Germany
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Masoe AV, Blinkhorn AS, Taylor J, Blinkhorn FA. Preventive and clinical care provided to adolescents attending public oral health services New South Wales, Australia: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:142. [PMID: 25432193 PMCID: PMC4266880 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental Therapists and Oral Health Therapists (Therapists) working in the New
South Wales (NSW) Public Oral Health Service are charged with providing clinical
dental treatment including preventive care for all children under 18 years of age.
Adolescents in particular are at risk of dental caries and periodontal disease
which may be controlled through health education and clinical preventive
interventions. However, there is a dearth of evidence about the type or the
proportion of clinical time allocated to preventive care. The aim of this study is to record the proportion and type of preventive care
and clinical treatment activities provided by Therapists to adolescents accessing
the NSW Public Oral Health Service. Methods Clinical dental activity data for adolescents was obtained from the NSW Health
electronic Information System for Oral Health (ISOH) for the year 2011. Clinical
activities of Therapists were examined in relation to the provision of different
types of preventive care for adolescents by interrogating state-wide public oral
health data stored on ISOH. Results Therapists were responsible for 79.7 percent of the preventive care and 83.0
percent of the restorative treatment offered to adolescents accessing Public Oral
Health Services over the one year period. Preventive care provided by Therapists
for adolescents varied across Local Health Districts ranging from 32.0 percent to
55.8 percent of their clinical activity. Conclusions Therapists provided the majority of clinical care to adolescents accessing NSW
Public Oral Health Services. The proportion of time spent undertaking prevention
varied widely between Local Health Districts. The reasons for this variation
require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela V Masoe
- Faculty of Health, School of Health Sciences, Oral Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia.
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Sousa MDLRD, Rando-Meirelles MPM, Tôrres LHDN, Frias AC. [Dental caries and treatment needs in adolescents from the state of São Paulo, Brazil]. Rev Saude Publica 2014; 47 Suppl 3:50-8. [PMID: 24626581 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2013047004340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs in 12-year-olds and adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study based on results from the epidemiological surveys: Oral Health Conditions in the State of Sao Paulo, 2002 and the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SBBrasil) 2010. Secondary data for 5,782 (2002) and 369 (2010) 12-year-olds and 880 (2002) and 300 (2010) 15- to 19-year-olds were analyzed. Dental caries attack was evaluated using the DMFT (decayed, missing or filled teeth) index and the need for treatment verified using the criteria proposed by the World Health Organization. The Significant Caries Index was used to measure the severity of the decay in the tercile of the group with the highest prevalence of the disease. In order to analyze the results, the Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney tests were used, with a 5% significance. RESULTS There was a decrease of 39.3 percentage points in the DMFT index for 12-year-olds (p < 0.001) and of 41.1 percentage points for the adolescents (p < 0.001) between 2002 and 2010, and an increase of around 161.0 and 303.0 percentage in the group which was free from dental caries respectively. The percentage of restored teeth decreased in both age groups, although the prevalence of dental caries did not change in the group more affected by dental caries. In the group with few dental caries, there was a decrease in the component 'tooth loss' for adolescents and increase in the component 'decayed teeth' for the 12-years-old and the adolescents. There was an increase in the need for dental treatment in the group as a whole and in the group of 12-year-olds more affected by dental caries; and among the adolescents, the need for restoration on two or more surface decreased in the group as a whole and also in the group which suffered least from dental caries. CONCLUSIONS The decreasing need for non-complex treatment in adolescents suggests that promotion and prevention activities are having a positive effect on this group. Moreover, the two epidemiological surveys in the state of Sao Paulo show improvements in oral health conditions in both age groups studied and calls for monitoring aimed also at the group least affected by dental caries.
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Constante HM, Souza ML, Bastos JL, Peres MA. Trends in dental caries among Brazilian schoolchildren: 40 years of monitoring (1971–2011). Int Dent J 2014; 64:181-6. [DOI: 10.1111/idj.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Cooper AM, O'Malley LA, Elison SN, Armstrong R, Burnside G, Adair P, Dugdill L, Pine C. Primary school-based behavioural interventions for preventing caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD009378. [PMID: 23728691 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009378.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is one of the most common global childhood diseases and is, for the most part, entirely preventable. Good oral health is dependent on the establishment of the key behaviours of toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and controlling sugar snacking. Primary schools provide a potential setting in which these behavioural interventions can support children to develop independent and habitual healthy behaviours. OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical effects of school-based interventions aimed at changing behaviour related to toothbrushing habits and the frequency of consumption of cariogenic food and drink in children (4 to 12 year olds) for caries prevention. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 18 October 2012), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 4), MEDLINE via OVID (1948 to 18 October 2012), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 18 October 2012), CINAHL via EBSCO (1981 to 18 October 2012) and PsycINFO via OVID (1950 to 18 October 2012). Ongoing trials were searched for using Current Controlled Trials (to 18 October 2012) and ClinicalTrials.gov (to 18 October 2012). Conference proceedings were searched for using ZETOC (1993 to 18 October 2012) and Web of Science (1990 to 18 October 2012). We searched for thesis abstracts using the Proquest Dissertations and Theses database (1950 to 18 October 2012). There were no restrictions regarding language or date of publication. Non-English language papers were included and translated in full by native speakers. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of behavioural interventions in primary schools (children aged 4 to 12 years at baseline) were selected. Included studies had to include behavioural interventions addressing both toothbrushing and consumption of cariogenic foods or drinks and have a primary school as a focus for delivery of the intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two pairs of review authors independently extracted data related to methods, participants, intervention design including behaviour change techniques (BCTs) utilised, outcome measures and risk of bias. Relevant statistical information was assessed by a statistician subsequently. All included studies contact authors were emailed for copies of intervention materials. Additionally, three attempts were made to contact study authors to clarify missing information. MAIN RESULTS We included four studies involving 2302 children. One study was at unclear risk of bias and three were at high risk of bias. Included studies reported heterogeneity in both the intervention design and outcome measures used; this made statistical comparison difficult. Additionally this review is limited by poor reporting of intervention procedure and design. Several BCTs were identified in the trials: these included information around the consequences of twice daily brushing and controlling sugar snacking; information on consequences of adverse behaviour and instruction and demonstration regarding skill development of relevant oral health behaviours.Only one included study reported the primary outcome of development of caries. This small study at unclear risk of bias showed a prevented fraction of 0.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12 to 1.18) in the intervention group. However, as this is based on a single study, this finding should be interpreted with caution.Although no meta-analysis was performed with respect to plaque outcomes (due to differences in plaque reporting between studies), the three studies which reported plaque outcomes all found a statistically significant reduction in plaque in the intervention groups with respect to plaque outcomes. Two of these trials involved an 'active' home component where parents were given tasks relating to the school oral health programme (games and homework) to complete with their children. Secondary outcome measures from one study reported that the intervention had a positive impact upon children's oral health knowledge. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Currently, there is insufficient evidence for the efficacy of primary school-based behavioural interventions for reducing caries. There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions on plaque outcomes and on children's oral health knowledge acquisition. None of the included interventions were reported as being based on or derived from behavioural theory. There is a need for further high quality research to utilise theory in the design and evaluation of interventions for changing oral health related behaviours in children and their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Cooper
- Directorate of Psychology and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
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Blair YI, McMahon AD, Macpherson LMD. Comparison and relative utility of inequality measurements: as applied to Scotland's child dental health. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58593. [PMID: 23520524 PMCID: PMC3592808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared and assessed the utility of tests of inequality on a series of very large population caries datasets. National cross-sectional caries datasets for Scotland's 5-year-olds in 1993/94 (n = 5,078); 1995/96 (n = 6,240); 1997/98 (n = 6,584); 1999/00 (n = 6,781); 2002/03 (n = 9,747); 2003/04 (n = 10,956); 2005/06 (n = 10,945) and 2007/08 (n = 12,067) were obtained. Outcomes were based on the d3mft metric (i.e. the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth). An area-based deprivation category (DepCat) measured the subjects' socioeconomic status (SES). Simple absolute and relative inequality, Odds Ratios and the Significant Caries Index (SIC) as advocated by the World Health Organization were calculated. The measures of complex inequality applied to data were: the Slope Index of Inequality (absolute) and a variety of relative inequality tests i.e. Gini coefficient; Relative Index of Inequality; concentration curve; Koolman & Doorslaer's transformed Concentration Index; Receiver Operator Curve and Population Attributable Risk (PAR). Additional tests used were plots of SIC deciles (SIC(10)) and a Scottish Caries Inequality Metric (SCIM(10)). Over the period, mean d3mft improved from 3.1(95%CI 3.0-3.2) to 1.9(95%CI 1.8-1.9) and d3mft = 0% from 41.1(95%CI 39.8-42.3) to 58.3(95%CI 57.8-59.7). Absolute simple and complex inequality decreased. Relative simple and complex inequality remained comparatively stable. Our results support the use of the SII and RII to measure complex absolute and relative SES inequalities alongside additional tests of complex relative inequality such as PAR and Koolman and Doorslaer's transformed CI. The latter two have clear interpretations which may influence policy makers. Specialised dental metrics (i.e. SIC, SIC(10) and SCIM(10)) permit the exploration of other important inequalities not determined by SES, and could be applied to many other types of disease where ranking of morbidity is possible e.g. obesity. More generally, the approaches described may be applied to study patterns of health inequality affecting worldwide populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne I Blair
- Dental Public Health, Oral Health Directorate, Clutha House, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Nalliah RP, Allareddy V, Elangovan S, Karimbux N, Allareddy V. Hospital based emergency department visits attributed to dental caries in the United States in 2006. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2010; 10:212-22. [PMID: 21093802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a paucity of published studies presenting nationally representative estimates on hospital-based emergency department visits primarily attributed to dental caries. The objective of this study is to provide estimates of hospital-based emergency department visits attributed to dental caries in the United States. METHODS The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, a component of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, was used for this study. All emergency department visits attributable to dental caries were identified using ICD-9-CM diagnoses codes and selected for analysis. Outcomes including hospital charges and length of stay in hospital were examined. Simple descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. RESULTS This study found that in 2006, a total of 330,757 visits to hospital-based emergency departments occurred in the United States. The total charges were $110 million. Approximately 45% of all visits by adults occurred among the uninsured. Medicaid was the most common payer for all visits by children, accounting for nearly 53% of all visits. About 38% of visits occurred among those residing in low-income areas. Hospitalization was required for 158 visits. CONCLUSIONS This study provides nationwide estimates of hospital-based emergency department visits attributed to dental caries in the United States. The uninsured constituted the greatest proportion of emergency department visits among adults, whereas Medicaid was the major payer for children visiting the emergency departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romesh P Nalliah
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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